identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5EB04F147E28594F84C4897B2938A2B6.text	5EB04F147E28594F84C4897B2938A2B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amolops attiguus Sheridan & Phimmachak & Sivongxay & Stuart 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amolops attiguus sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 12 "Clade E"</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>NCSM 80907 (field number BLS 15852), adult male, Laos, Bolikhamxay Province, Viengthong District, Nam Kading National Protected Area, Nam Xouang, 18.42676°N, 104.39136°E, 343 m elev., coll. 2200 h on wet rock face next to series of waterfalls over exposed sandstone bedrock with potholes on 1 March 2013 by Bryan L. Stuart, Jennifer A. Sheridan, Sengvilay Seateun, and Niane Sivongxay.</p>
            <p>Paratypes.</p>
            <p>Laos, Xieng Khouang, Mork District, tributary of Nam Mork: NCSM 80761 (one adult male), 19.07075°N, 103.95870°E, 454 m elev., coll. 12 April 2012 by Somphouthone Phimmachak. - Vietnam, Nghe An Province, Anh Son District, Pu Mat National Park, Cao Ven: AMNH A 191846 (one adult male), 18.81050°N, 104.95150°E, 273 m elev., coll. 16 May 2010 by David A. Kizirian, Truong Quang Nguyen, and Sinh Van Nguyen; AMNH A 191848 (one adult male), AMNH A 191849, NCSM 79166 (two adult females), coll. 18 May 2010 by David A. Kizirian, Truong Quang Nguyen, and Sinh Van Nguyen.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet taken from attigua (L.) for neighboring or adjacent, in reference to the new  species’ nested geographic distribution between its morphologically similar relatives  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. and  A. kottelati sp. nov. (Fig. 1). </p>
            <p>Suggested Common Names.</p>
            <p> Similar Lao torrent frog (English),  ຂຽດເກາະຜາລາວແອດທ ີກຸສ (Khiat Korpha Lao Sumphan; Lao). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A member of the  Amolops larutensis group having the combination of 2-3 vomerine teeth, sometimes faint or absent; relative finger lengths I &lt;IV&lt;II &lt;III; mean  ± SE SVL of adult males 30.2  ± 0.9 mm (range 28.9-31.3 mm; n = 5) and of females 39.2-39.4 mm (n = 2); EYE 4.7  ± 0.3 mm (range 4.1-4.8 mm) in males and 5.3-6.1 mm in females; TEY 0.7  ± 0.1 mm (range 0.5-0.9 mm) in males and 1.1-1.3 mm in females; SNT 4.1  ± 0.1 mm (range 4.5-4.7 mm) in males and 5.4-5.5 mm in females; and FTL 15.8  ± 0.7 mm (range 15.0-16.8 mm) in males and 18.6-18.7mm in females. </p>
            <p>Description of the holotype.</p>
            <p>Habitus moderately slender. Head length subequal to head width. Snout weakly pointed in dorsal view. Snout projecting slightly beyond lower jaw in lateral view, sloping obliquely back to lip. Nostril lateral, nearer to tip of snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis distinct. Lores obliquely and slightly concave. Eye diameter approximately equal to snout. No pineal body visible. Tympanum distinct, round, approximately one-third of eye diameter, slightly depressed relative to skin of temporal region, tympanic rim elevated relative to tympanum. Rictal glands slightly oval and pronounced. Vomerine teeth obliquely angled, closer to each other than to choanae, and extremely small, with 2-3 teeth each. Tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly. Vocal slit opening near corner of jaw. No gular pouch, but with some extra skin at edge of jaw.</p>
            <p>Forelimb moderately slender. Tips of all four fingers expanded into wide discs with circummarginal grooves. Fingers slender. Relative finger lengths I &lt;IV&lt;II &lt;III. Minimal basal webbing on hands. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 2. One supernumary tubercle at base of fingers 2-4. Irregularly-shaped palmar and oval thenar tubercles present. Well-developed nuptial pad on Finger I, on dorsal surface to level of distal end of subarticular tubercle.</p>
            <p>Hindlimbs moderately long and slender. Toes slender. Tips of toes expanded into wide discs with circummarginal grooves. Web on all toes to base of disc. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 2, 2. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval. No outer metatarsal tubercle. Discs of toes smaller than that of finger, but larger than or equal to that of outermost finger. Outermost toe disc slightly wider than toe. Widest toe disc narrower than all finger discs except for that of thumb. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded; formula 1, 1, 2, 2, 2. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval; outer metatarsal tubercle barely visible, small, round.</p>
            <p>Dorsal surface with weakly spinose glands. No supra-tympanic fold. Glandular dorsolateral fold. Flanks glandular. Spinose glands behind tympanum above arm. Glands around vent. Ventral surfaces weakly granular.</p>
            <p>Measurements of holotype (mm): SVL 30.4, HDL 10.3, HDW 11.0, SNT 4.7, EYE 4.6, IOD 3.2, IND 3.6, TMP 1.7, TEY 0.8, SHK 19.1, TGH 17.2, HND 9.7, FTL 16.8.</p>
            <p>Coloration.</p>
            <p>In preservative, dorsal coloration black-brown with paler markings. Pale bars on dorsal surface of thighs and arms. Posterior surface of thighs with irregular pale mottling or reticulation on dark surface. Ventral surfaces cream with very fine dark mottling. Ventral surface of feet dark grey-brown, ventral surface of hands dark beige.</p>
            <p>In life (from photos of NCSM 80906, Fig. 1), dorsal surface greenish-grey with bright green markings. Dorsal surface of legs paler in color than dorsum. Eye mottled gray on lower one-third, mottled yellowish on upper one-third, with orange on anterior and posterior portions. No ventral photos exist for this specimen in life, but photos of this species recently euthanized (NCSM 80907, Fig. 12) show chin and chest to be creamy white with dark mottling, belly to be white with very fine mottling, and underside of arms and thighs to be translucent.</p>
            <p>Sexual dimorphism.</p>
            <p> Males (n = 5) differ from females (n = 2) in being smaller (30.2  ± 0.9 mm SVL vs 39.2-39.4 mm; Table 1), and in possessing paired vocal slits and distinct nuptial pads at base of first finger. </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>Pineal body distinguishable in NCSM 80761, and clear and obvious in AMNH A 191845, 191846, 191848, and 191849, but not apparent in NCSM 79166. Rictal glands indistinct, bordering on absent in all paratypes. Vomerine teeth totally absent in AMNH A 191847; almost absent in AMNH A 191846 and A 191848; extremely small in NCSM 80761, and a bit more prominent in AMNH A 191845. Females have oval thenar tubercle. Outermost toe disc variable: in some individuals it is barely wider than toe, but in others appears wider.</p>
            <p>Male AMNH A 191845 very slightly spinose. Dorsal surface of females glandular but not spinose. Glandular dorsolateral fold weak in females and in AMNH A 191845, 191846, and 191848. Spinose glands behind tympanum above arm, and in NCSM 79166 (female), coming down to skin in front of arm, though this feature is absent in AMNH A 191845, 191846, and 191848. In NCSM 79166, the pale dorsal markings are extremely sparse, giving the frog a dark appearance overall with few markings, while in the others, the dorsal surfaces are much more mottled with the paler markings. Pale bars on dorsal surface of thighs and arms less apparent in NCSM 79166 than in other individuals. Ventral coloration of NCSM 79166 creamy on the belly, and white on chin and chest with dark mottling. AMNH specimens A 191845, 19148, and 19149 have white chin and chest with yellow-cream belly (no dark mottling). AMNH A 19146 has white chin and chest with some dark mottling, and yellow-cream belly. Ventral surfaces of feet are dark brown to black, and ventral surfaces of hands are dark beige to black.</p>
            <p>Distribution and natural history.</p>
            <p>This species is known from clear streams with torrents in eastern Bolikhamxay and Xieng Khouang Provinces of northern Laos and southern Nghe An Province of northern Vietnam. Larvae of the new species remain unknown.</p>
            <p>Comparisons.</p>
            <p> Amolops attiguus sp. nov. differs from  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. and  A. kottelati sp. nov. by having a smaller number (2-3) of vomerine teeth (3-4 in  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. and  A. kottelati sp. nov.).  Amolops attiguus sp. nov. differs from  A. cremnobatus and further differs from  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. by having relative finger lengths I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III (I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III in  A. cremnobatus and  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov.).  Amolops attiguus sp. nov. further differs from  A. sengae sp. nov. by having spinose glands above the arm usually present (absent in  A. sengae sp. nov.).  Amolops attiguus sp. nov. further differs from  A. cremnobatus and  A. sengae sp. nov. by having larger EYE and smaller TEY (Fig. 11).  Amolops attiguus sp. nov. further differs from  A. sengae sp. nov. by having smaller SNT and FTL (Fig. 11). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EB04F147E28594F84C4897B2938A2B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sheridan, Jennifer A.;Phimmachak, Somphouthone;Sivongxay, Niane;Stuart, Bryan L.	Sheridan, Jennifer A., Phimmachak, Somphouthone, Sivongxay, Niane, Stuart, Bryan L. (2023): Systematics of the Lao torrent frog, Amolops cremnobatus Inger & Kottelat, 1998 (Anura: Ranidae), with descriptions of four new species. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 931-956, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475
4B4D8CC005A6516881B48EC3EAA949D4.text	4B4D8CC005A6516881B48EC3EAA949D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amolops cremnobatus Inger & Kottelat 1998	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amolops cremnobatus Inger &amp; Kottelat, 1998</p>
            <p>Figure 6A "Clade B"</p>
            <p>Chresonymy.</p>
            <p> Amolops cremnobatus - Inger and Kottelat (1998: 30), Stuart (1999: 45), Bain and Nguyen (2001: 269), Orlov et al. (2002: 86, part), Stuart (2005: 476, part), Bain et al. (2007: 109, part), Cai et al. (2007: 51), Matsui et al. (2006: 661), Nguyen et al. (2009: 121, part), Luu et al. (2013: 295), Poyarkov et al. (2021: 44, part). </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> FMNH 252861, adult male holotype, FMNH 252862, adult male paratype (both examined). The type locality was given by Inger and Kottelat (1998) as "Laos, Khammouan Prov., Nam Phao River, just downstream from border post on Lak Sao/Vinh Road (18° 23'N / 105° 09  ’20”E).” This portion of the Nam Phao straddles the borders of Khammouan and Bolikhamxay Provinces, and the site described by Inger and Kottelat (1998) is actually on the Bolikhamxay side of that boundary. The type locality is amended here to Laos, Bolikhamxay Province, Khamkeut District, Nam Phao River, just downstream from border post on Lak Sao/Vinh Road, 18.38267N 105.15758 E. </p>
            <p>Suggested Common Names.</p>
            <p> Inger’s Lao torrent frog (English),  ຂຽດເກາະຜາລາວອ ິງເກີ (Khiat Korpha Lao Inger; Lao). </p>
            <p>Expanded diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A member of the  Amolops larutensis group having the combination of 2-3 faint vomerine teeth, sometimes absent; relative finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III; mean  ± SE SVL of adult males 31.0  ± 1.3 mm (range 29.6-34.2 mm; n = 12) and of adult females 38.6  ± 1.7 mm (range 35.3-40.4 mm; n = 15); and tadpoles with BL 15.3  ± 1.1 mm (range 13.3-17.0 mm; n = 5). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Our examinations of the holotype and paratype agreed closely with the thorough description of Inger and Kottelat (1998) and the description is not repeated here beyond the addition of relative finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III [given only as "fingers short, first much shorter than second" in Inger and Kottelat (1998)].</p>
            <p>Distribution and natural history.</p>
            <p>This species is verified to occur in portions of Bolikhamxay and Khammouan Provinces, Laos, and Ha Tinh and Quang Binh Provinces, Vietnam (Fig. 1; Table S1 and Table S2).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B4D8CC005A6516881B48EC3EAA949D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sheridan, Jennifer A.;Phimmachak, Somphouthone;Sivongxay, Niane;Stuart, Bryan L.	Sheridan, Jennifer A., Phimmachak, Somphouthone, Sivongxay, Niane, Stuart, Bryan L. (2023): Systematics of the Lao torrent frog, Amolops cremnobatus Inger & Kottelat, 1998 (Anura: Ranidae), with descriptions of four new species. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 931-956, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475
274DB3FA413557AAACB441E8E4CAA88A.text	274DB3FA413557AAACB441E8E4CAA88A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amolops kottelati Sheridan & Phimmachak & Sivongxay & Stuart 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amolops kottelati sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 9 "Clade D"</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>NUOL 00556 (field number SP 00745), adult male, Laos, Xaysomboun Province, Hom District, Ban Nam Yuak, Houay Kator, 18.72669°N, 103.35481°E, 405 m elev., coll. 1932 h on a rock 0.5 m above a stream torrent on 26 June 2015 by Somphouthone Phimmachak and Sengvilay Seateun.</p>
            <p>Paratypes.</p>
            <p>Laos, Bolikhamxay Province, Thaphabhat District, Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area, Tad Leuk: NCSM 79617 (one adult male), 18.23727°N, 103.04321° E, 214 m elev., coll. 9 May 2012 by Sengvilay Seateun, Misan Keooudone, and Poklavanh Khounthavong. - Laos, Xaysomboun Province, Hom District: NCSM 86766-67, NUOL 00557 (three adult females), same data as holotype; NUOL 00555 (one adult female), Ban Nong (=Ban Sob Youak), Houay Tadkud, 18.64285°N, 103.46059°E, 987 m elev., coll. 23 June 2015 by Somphouthone Phimmachak and Sengvilay Seateun.</p>
            <p>Referred larvae.</p>
            <p>Laos, Xaysomboun Province, Hom District: NCSM 87612 (three larvae), Houay Kolong, first stream crossing road from Ban Houaysey to Ban Nam Youak, 18.72556°N, 103.35556°E, 415 m elev., coll. 14 February 2014 by Maurice Kottelat.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet is a patronym for Maurice Kottelat, Swiss ichthyologist and specialist of the Indochinese fish fauna, collector and co-describer of the types of  A. cremnobatus , and collector of the larvae of the new species.  Kottelat’s larval collections proved invaluable for the present study, exemplified by  A. kottelati sp. nov. being most readily diagnosed by its larval characters. </p>
            <p>Suggested Common Names.</p>
            <p> Kottelat’s Lao torrent frog (English);  ຂຽດເກາະຜາລາວກ ົດເຕີລັດ (Khiat Korpha Lao Kottelat; Lao). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A member of the  Amolops larutensis group having the combination of 3-4 vomerine teeth reliably present; relative finger lengths I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III; mean  ± SE SVL of adult males 33.3-35.0 mm (n = 2) and of adult females 39.0  ± 1.8 (range 38.0-41.7 mm; n = 4); and tadpoles with BL 17.0  ± 0.2 mm (range 16.8-17.1 mm; n = 3). </p>
            <p>Description of holotype.</p>
            <p>Habitus moderately slender. Head width slightly greater than head length. Snout weakly pointed in dorsal view, projecting slightly beyond lower jaw in lateral view, sloping obliquely back to lip. Nostril lateral, nearer to tip of snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis distinct. Lores oblique and slightly concave. Eye diameter subequal to snout length. Pineal body absent. Tympanum distinct, round, greater than one-third diameter of eye, slightly depressed relative to skin of temporal region, tympanic rim elevated relative to tympanum. Rictal glands small and oval, but very indistinct. Vomerine teeth (n = 4) obliquely angled, closer to each other than to choanae. Tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly. Vocal slit opening near corner of jaw very small and hard to find. No gular pouch but some extra skin at corner of jaw.</p>
            <p>Forelimbs moderately slender. Tips of all four fingers expanded into wide discs with circummarginal grooves. Fingers slender. Relative finger lengths I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III. No webbing on hands other than very minimal basal webbing on outer fingers. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 2. One supernumerary tubercle at base of fingers 2-4. Irregular palmar tubercle. Velvety well-developed nuptial pads on dorsal surface of Finger I, to level of distal end of subarticular tubercle.</p>
            <p>Hindlimbs moderately long and slender. Toes slender. Tips of toes expanded into discs, with circummarginal grooves. Outermost toe disc barely wider than toe. Web on all toes to base of disc. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 2, 2. Disc of longest toe narrower than discs of all fingers except thumb.</p>
            <p>Skin with fine spinose glands dorsally. No supra-tympanic fold. Glandular dorsolateral fold. Flanks with small spinose glands on upper one-third to one-quarter.</p>
            <p>Measurements of holotype (mm): SVL 35.0, HDL 10.9, HDW 11.8, SNT 5.0, EYE 4.8, IOD 3.2, IND 3.7, TMP 1.8, TEY 0.9, SHK 19.9, TGH 18.0, HND 10.0, FTL 17.2.</p>
            <p>Coloration.</p>
            <p>In preservative, dorsal coloration dark brown with beige markings. Dorsal surface of thighs and arms with pale beige bars on dark brown background. Posterior surface of thighs smooth, with light beige mottling on dark brown background. Ventral surfaces of chin, chest, belly, and underside of thighs and arms uniformly creamy beige. Ventral surfaces of feet are dark gray-brown, and ventral surfaces of hands are dark beige.</p>
            <p>In life (photograph of NUOL 00555), dorsal surfaces greenish-brown with green mottling. Dorsal surfaces of thighs with green bars on dark green background. Eye mottled gray on bottom one-third, and mottled orange on remaining area. No photographs available of posterior surface of thighs, or ventral surface.</p>
            <p>Larvae.</p>
            <p> Based on a larva at S29 from the series NCSM 87612, which includes tadpoles between S25-29. Tadpoles are assigned to this species because they were collected at the type locality and their morphology largely agrees with the tadpole description of  A. cremnobatus by Inger and Kottelat (1998), including a divided upper jaw sheath and high number of labial tooth rows [9-10(5-9, 5-10)/6(1)]. Tadpoles of  A. kottelati sp. nov. belong to the exotrophic, lotic, gastromyzophorus larval type (McDiarmid and Altig 1999), with large oral discs ventrally. </p>
            <p>HB oval, broadly rounded, wider anteriorly than dorsally, with weak constriction near line through nares. HB width 63-65% of HBL, widest anterior to eyes. HB flat below with large abdominal sucker. Eyes dorsolateral, pointed laterad. Nares dorsolateral, closer to eyes than tip of snout. Spiracle low on side, tube free of body wall. Tail lanceolate, margins tapering in distal third to narrowly rounded tip; muscle deeper than fins in proximal half. Dorsal fin origin behind HB, origin of ventral fin distal to origin of dorsal fin. HB without spinules. Glands postocular, no glands in fins.</p>
            <p>Oral disc nearly as wide as HB, ventral; labial teeth 10(5-10)/6(1). A1 at margin of upper lip, short, approximately one-third length of A2, with very small denticles compared to other tooth rows. Papillae short, thick, in single row, absent from middle third of upper lip, but present across entire lower lip. Jaw sheaths with outer surface smooth, upper sheath divided, gap between black halves slightly greater than depth of keratinized portions; lower jaw sheath in single piece. Jaw sheaths with fine serrae.</p>
            <p>Color in preservative of HB brown dorsally and laterally, cream ventrally without spots. Caudal muscle brown dorsally and laterally, cream ventrally. Upper fin with melanophores throughout, and lower fin with melanophores in distal half.</p>
            <p>Sexual dimorphism.</p>
            <p> Males (n = 2) differ from females (n = 4) in being smaller (33.3-35.0 mm SVL vs 39.0  ± 1.8 mm SVL; Table 1), and in having paired vocal slits and distinct nuptial pads at base of first finger. </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>Pineal body sometimes present (NUOL 00555), but often absent. Rictal glands small and indistinct in nearly all individuals. Oval thenar tubercle present in females. Skin of males with fine spinose glands dorsally, while dorsal skin of females is glandular but not spinose. Flanks of males have small spinose glands, and flanks of females are glandular but not spinose. All females except NUOL 00557 with spinose glands above arm, posterior to tympanum. Female NUOL 00555 is very dark compared to the others with much less of the pale mottling dorsally, and all individuals except this one have uniformly cream chin, chest, belly, and underside of thighs and arms. NUOL 00555 has dark stippling on a beige background on the chin and chest, becoming less stippled on the belly, ventral surface of legs, and arms.</p>
            <p>Distribution and natural history.</p>
            <p>This species is known from clear streams with torrents in western Bolikhamxay and eastern Xaysomboun Provinces of northern Laos.</p>
            <p>Comparisons.</p>
            <p> Amolops kottelati sp. nov. differs from  A. cremnobatus ,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov. by having a larger number (3-4) of vomerine teeth (2-3 in  A. cremnobatus ,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov.) that are reliably present (faint or sometimes absent in  A. cremnobatus ,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov.).  Amolops kottelati sp. nov. further differs from  A. cremnobatus and  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. by having relative finger lengths I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III (I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III in  A. cremnobatus and  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov.).  Amolops kottelati sp. nov. further differs from  A. sengae sp. nov. by having spinose glands above the arm usually present (absent in  A. sengae sp. nov.).  Amolops kottelati sp. nov. differs from  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. and further differs from  A. cremnobatus , and  A. sengae sp. nov. by having larvae with much larger BL (Table 2). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/274DB3FA413557AAACB441E8E4CAA88A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sheridan, Jennifer A.;Phimmachak, Somphouthone;Sivongxay, Niane;Stuart, Bryan L.	Sheridan, Jennifer A., Phimmachak, Somphouthone, Sivongxay, Niane, Stuart, Bryan L. (2023): Systematics of the Lao torrent frog, Amolops cremnobatus Inger & Kottelat, 1998 (Anura: Ranidae), with descriptions of four new species. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 931-956, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475
2D0553358715595299CF3920A11F5F7E.text	2D0553358715595299CF3920A11F5F7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amolops sengae Sheridan & Phimmachak & Sivongxay & Stuart 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amolops sengae sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 10 "Clade C"</p>
            <p> Chresonymy.  Amolops cremnobatus Stuart (2005: 476, part), Stuart et al. (2010: 57), Stuart et al. (2013: 102), Wu et al. (2020: 5, part). </p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>NCSM 79424 (field number BLS 15273), adult male, Laos, Xaignabouli Province, Paklay District, Pak Maat, 18.82588°N, 101.84090°E, 242 m elev., coll. 1942h on wet rock face above chute in 1-2 m wide steep rocky stream in disturbed semi-evergreen forest on 25 March 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Sengvilay Seateun, and Khampong Thanonkeo.</p>
            <p>Paratypes.</p>
            <p>Laos, Vientiane Province, Kasi District, Ban Namon: FMNH 258376-77 (two adult females), 19.07750°N, 102.14556°E, 200-300 m elev., coll. 1 September 1999 by Michael Baltzer. - Laos, Xaignabouli Province, Paklay District, Pak Maat: NCSM 79417, NCSM 79422-23, NUOL 00032 (four adult males), same data as holotype.</p>
            <p>Referred larvae.</p>
            <p>Laos, Vientiane Province, Feuang District, Ban Naxeng, Houay Kang Thang: NUOL 01596 (five larvae), 18.86951°N, 102.12005°E, 410 m elev., coll. 17 December 2014 by Fongfany Libounyasao.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet is a matronym for Sengvilay (  “Seng” ) Seateun of the National University of Laos, co-collector of much of the new material described here, major contributor to the herpetology of Laos, native of Xaignabouli Province that is home to the type locality of the new species, and cherished friend and colleague of the authors. </p>
            <p>Suggested Common Names.</p>
            <p> Seng’s Lao torrent frog (English),  ຂຽດເກາະຜາລາວແສງ (Khiat Korpha Lao Seng; Lao). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A member of the  Amolops larutensis group having the combination of 2-3 vomerine teeth, sometimes faint or absent; relative finger lengths I &lt;IV&lt;II &lt;III; spinose glands above the arm absent; mean  ± SE SVL of adult males 29.8  ± 1.5 mm (range 27.2-31.2 mm; n = 5) and of females 39.2-39.6 mm (n = 2); SNT 4.9  ± 0.3 mm (range 4.4-5.2 mm) in males and 5.2-5.8 mm in females; FTL 14.3  ± 0.7 mm (range 13.1-15.1 mm) in males and 18.4-19.1 mm in females; HND 8.7  ± 0.9 mm (range 7.3-9.6 mm) in males and 11.8-12.0 mm in females; and SHK 17.7  ± 0.9 mm (range 16.2-18.4 mm) in males and 24.0-24.5 mm in females. </p>
            <p>Description of holotype.</p>
            <p>Habitus moderately slender. Head width approximately equal to head length. Snout weakly pointed in dorsal view. Snout projecting slightly beyond lower jar in lateral view, sloping obliquely back to lip. Nostril lateral, nearer to tip of snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis distinct. Lores oblique and slightly concave. Eye diameter sub-equal to snout. Pineal body present. Tympanum distinct, round, roughly one-third eye diameter, slightly depressed relative to skin of temporal region. Rictal glands very small and round. Vomerine teeth obliquely angled, closer to each other than to choanae, and extremely small and indistinct. Tongue cordiform notched posteriorly. Vocal slit opening near corner of jaw. No gular pouch, but extra skin at corners of lower jaw.</p>
            <p>Forelimb moderately slender. Tips of all four fingers expanded into wide discs, with circummarginal grooves. Fingers slender. Relative finger lengths I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III. No webbing on hands. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 2. One supernumary tubercle at base of fingers 2-4. Irregular palmar tubercle. Well-developed nuptial pad on Finger I, on dorsal surface to level of distal end of subarticular tubercle.</p>
            <p>Hindlimbs moderately long and slender. Toes slender. Tips of toes expanded into wide discs, with circummarginal grooves. Web on all toes to base of disc. Outermost toe disc small, barely wider than finger. Widest toe disc narrower than all finger discs except for that of thumb. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded; formula 1, 1, 2, 2, 2. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval; outer metatarsal tubercle small, round.</p>
            <p>Dorsal skin surface glandular and spinose. No supra-tympanic fold. Glandular dorsolateral fold. Flanks with spinose glands at dorsal edge, but no spinose glands above arm. Glands surrounding vent. Ventral surface slightly glandular.</p>
            <p>Measurements of holotype (mm): SVL 30.1, HDL 10.7, HDW 10.9, SNT 4.8, EYE 4.5, IOD 3.0, IND 3.4, TMP 1.6, TEY 0.8, SHK 17.5, TGH 16.5, HND 8.7, FTL 14.4.</p>
            <p>Coloration.</p>
            <p>In preservative, dorsal coloration very dark brown-black with minimal beige spotting. Pale bars on dorsal surface of thighs and some pale spots on arms, but no distinct bars. Posterior surface of thighs smooth and dark with some light beige coloration. Ventral surfaces creamy beige, but with some dark veining under chin and along posterior margin of chin. Ventral surface of feet are dark brown to black, and ventral surfaces of hands are dark beige to brown.</p>
            <p>In life, dorsal surface greenish-brown with bright green markings. Dorsal surface of legs paler in color than dorsum. Eye mottled gray on lower one-third, mottled yellowish on upper one-third, with orange on anterior and posterior portions. No ventral photos exist for this species in life, but ventral surface of recently euthanized NCSM 79417 shows chin and belly to be bright white with some dark mottling, and underside of arms and thighs to be translucent.</p>
            <p>Larvae.</p>
            <p> Based on a larva NUOL 01596.2 at S28. Tadpoles are assigned to this species because they were collected at the type locality and their morphology largely agrees with the tadpole description of  A. cremnobatus by Inger and Kottelat (1998), including a divided upper jaw sheath and high number of labial tooth rows [9-10(5-9, 5-10)/6(1)]. Tadpoles of  A. sengae sp. nov. belong to the exotrophic, lotic, gastromyzophorus larval type (McDiarmid and Altig 1999), with large oral discs ventrally. </p>
            <p>Head-body oval, broadly rounded, wider anteriorly than posteriorly, with weak constriction near line through nares. Body width approximately 60% of BL, widest anterior to eyes. HB flat below with large abdominal sucker. Eyes dorsolateral, pointed laterad. Nares dorsolateral, closer to eyes than tip of snout. Spiracle low on side, tube free of body wall. Tail lanceolate, margins tapering in distal third to narrowly rounded tip; muscle deeper than fins in proximal half. Dorsal fin origin behind HB, origin of ventral fin distal to origin of dorsal fin. HB without spinules. Glands postocular, no glands in fins. Oral disc nearly as wide as head-body, ventral; labial teeth 9-10(4 or 5-10)/6(1). A1 at margin of upper lip, short, approximately one-half length of A2, with very small denticles compared to other tooth rows. A2 approximately two-thirds length of A3. Papillae short, thick, in single row, absent from middle third of upper lip, but present across entire lower lip. Jaw sheaths with outer surface smooth, upper sheath divided, gap between black halves slightly greater than depth of keratinized portions; lower jaw sheath in single piece. Jaw sheaths with fine serrae.</p>
            <p>Color in preservative of head-body brown dorsally and laterally, cream ventrally without spots. Caudal muscle brown dorsally and laterally, cream ventrally. Upper fin with melanophores throughout, and lower fin with melanophores in distal half to two-thirds.</p>
            <p>Sexual dimorphism.</p>
            <p> Males (n = 5) differ from females (n = 2) in being smaller (29.8  ± 1.5 mm SVL vs 39.2-39.6 mm; Table 1), possessing an obvious pineal body (indistinct in females), as well as having paired vocal slits and distinct nuptial pads at base of first finger. Dorsal coloration very dark in males, mostly black with very minimal beige spotting or mottling. Females dark brown with beige mottling/reticulation. </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>Pineal body sometimes absent, sometimes present, and seems to be more obvious in males than in females. Rictal glands indistinct in one female (FMNH 258377). Roof of mouth of females is much rougher than that of males. Outer metatarsal tubercle nearly indistinguishable on one female (FMNH 258377). No webbing on hands, but in some males there appears to be very minimal basal webbing. Oval thenar tubercle in females. Outermost toe disc extremely small in all males (about the width of the toe itself) but slightly wider in females. Outer metatarsal tubercle much more difficult to see on FMNH 258377. Dorsal skin of two males (NCSM 79417 and 79422) as well as females glandular but not spinose. Flanks with spinose glands at dorsal edge in individuals that have spinose glands dorsally, all others have glandular skin on flanks without spines. Females dark brown with beige mottling/reticulation. Rear of thighs of females with irregular pale mottling. Females and most males have some dark mottling under chin, and most males have dark mottling on chest, but male NCSM 79422 lacks any dark spots/markings on chin, chest, or belly.</p>
            <p>Distribution and natural history.</p>
            <p>This species is known from clear streams with torrents from Vientiane Province, Laos westward across the Mekong River into Xaignabouli Province, Laos. A population from Nan Province, Thailand, is provisionally referred to this species.</p>
            <p>Comparisons.</p>
            <p> Amolops sengae sp. nov. differs from  A. cremnobatus ,  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov.,  A. kottelati sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov. by lacking spinose glands above the arm (usually present in  A. cremnobatus ,  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov.,  A. kottelati sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov.).  Amolops sengae sp. nov. further differs from  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. and  A. kottelati sp. nov. by having a smaller number (2-3) of vomerine teeth (3-4 in  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. and  A. kottelati sp. nov.).  Amolops sengae sp. nov. further differs from  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. by having males with smaller SVL of 29.8  ± 1.5 (32.2  ± 1.5 in  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov.; t-stat 3.3, two-tailed p-value = 0.02).  Amolops sengae sp. nov. further differs from  A. cremnobatus and  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. by having relative finger lengths I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III (I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III in  A. cremnobatus and  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov.).  Amolops sengae sp. nov. further differs from  A. cremnobatus and  A. attiguus sp. nov. by having larger SNT and smaller FTL, and from  A. cremnobatus by having smaller SHK (Table 3; Fig. 11).  Amolops sengae sp. nov. further differs from  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. and  A. kottelati sp. nov. by having tadpoles with smaller BL.  Amolops sengae sp. nov. further differs from  A. cremnobatus by having tadpoles with smaller relative ODW and larger relative IP and RND (Table 2). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D0553358715595299CF3920A11F5F7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sheridan, Jennifer A.;Phimmachak, Somphouthone;Sivongxay, Niane;Stuart, Bryan L.	Sheridan, Jennifer A., Phimmachak, Somphouthone, Sivongxay, Niane, Stuart, Bryan L. (2023): Systematics of the Lao torrent frog, Amolops cremnobatus Inger & Kottelat, 1998 (Anura: Ranidae), with descriptions of four new species. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 931-956, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475
B8F96E30F5C659E5AC0B7313419FCEBF.text	B8F96E30F5C659E5AC0B7313419FCEBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amolops tanfuilianae Sheridan & Phimmachak & Sivongxay & Stuart 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amolops tanfuilianae sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 7 "Clade A"</p>
            <p>Chresonymy.</p>
            <p> Amolops cremnobatus Orlov et al. (2002: 86, part), Chen et al. (2005: 234), Ngo et al. (2006: 84), Stuart (2008: 51), Nguyen et al. (2009: 121, part), Pham et al. (2015: 111), Pham et al. (2016: 40), Wu et al. (2020: 5, part), Brakels et al. (2021: 159), Pham et al. (2022: 171. </p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>NCSM 79949 (field number BLS 15368), adult male, Laos, Xaysomboun Province, Longchaeng District, 19.01807 N, 102.87633 E, 490 m elev., coll. 2045 h on a plant leaf 0.3 m above &lt;1 m wide steep rocky seep flowing into the Nam Ngum River in disturbed semi-evergreen forest on 10 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay.</p>
            <p>Paratypes.</p>
            <p>Laos, Luang Phabang Province, Phoukhoun District: FMNH 280104, NCSM 77803-04, NCSM 77806 (four adult males), FMNH 280108, NCSM 77805, NCSM 77807 (three adult females), 19.30189°N, 102.57361°E, 1269 m elev., coll. 5 January-9 June 2009 by Somphouthone Phimmachak; NCSM 77809 (one adult male), 19.30103°N, 102.57581°E, 1250 m elev., coll. 8 April 2009 by Somphouthone Phimmachak. - Laos, Xaysomboun Province, Anouvong District, tributary of Nam Ngum River: NCSM 79936-37 (two adult males), NCSM 79940 (one adult female), 18.96260°N, 102.86817°E, 1065 m elev., coll. 23 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay; NCSM 79938, NUOL 00030 (two adult females), 18.96346°N, 102.86800°E, 1044 m elev., coll. 23 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay; NCSM 79939 (one adult male), 18.96286°N, 102.86802°E, 1054 m elev., coll. 23 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay; NCSM 79941, NCSM 79943 (two adult males), NCSM 79942 (one adult female), 18.96227°N, 102.86815°E, 1074 m elev., coll. 23 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay. - Laos, Xaysomboun Province, Hom District: NCSM 86769, NCSM 86772, NUOL 00558, NUOL 00560 (four adult males), NCSM 86768, NCSM 86771, NUOL 00559 (three adult females), Phou Samsao, 18.77802°N, 103.28593°E, 1545 m elev., coll. 16-17 July 2015 by Somphouthone Phimmachak and Sengvilay Seateun; NCSM 86773 (one adult male), NUOL 00563-64 (two adult females), 18.77854°N, 103.28757°E, 1594 m elev., coll. 18 July 2015 by Somphouthone Phimmachak and Sengvilay Seateun; NCSM 99484 (one adult male), Phou Samliam, 18.89780°N, 103.40057°E, 960 m elev., coll. 21 April 2018 by Somphouthone Phimmachak, Sengvilay Seateun, Sinyasone Souvannasy, and Nidarphone Kouangvilaykhoun; NCSM 99486 (one adult male), 18.87535°N, 103.41138°E, 560 m elev., coll. 24 April 2018 by Somphouthone Phimmachak, Sengvilay Seateun, Sinyasone Souvannasy, and Nidarphone Kouangvilaykhoun; NCSM 99485, NUOL 00115-19 (six adult females), 18.89857°N, 103.39857°E, 926 m elev., coll. 22 April 2018 by Somphouthone Phimmachak, Sengvilay Seateun, Sinyasone Souvannasy, and Nidarphone Kouangvilaykhoun. - Laos, Xaysomboun Province, Longchaeng District: NCSM 79948 (one adult male), NCSM 79944-47 (four adult females), 18.96546°N, 102.84858°E, 790 m elev., coll. 24 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay; NCSM 79960 (one adult male), 19.04444°N, 102.88918°E, 538 m elev., coll. 14 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay; NCSM 79961 (one adult female), 19.09203°N, 102.89792°E, 883 m elev., coll. 16 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay; NCSM 79963-66, NCSM 79968-70, NCSM 79975, NUOL 00034-35 (ten adult males), NCSM 79962, NCSM 79967, NUOL 00033 (three adult females), 19.09100°N, 102.89607° E, 885 m elev., coll. 16-18 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay; NCSM 79971 (one adult female), 19.08988°N, 102.89599°E, 887 m elev., coll. 17 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay. - Vietnam, Nghe An Province, Con Cuong District, Pu Mat National Park: FMNH 255604-05 (two adult females), 18.9333 N, 104.7500 E, 300 m elevation, coll. 8 September 1998 by Bryan L. Stuart; ROM 27213-15, ROM 27217, ROM 27229, ROM 27232, ROM 27236-37, ROM 27246 (nine adult males), ROM 27231, ROM 27233-34, ROM 27239-41, ROM 27243-44, ROM 27247 (nine adult females), 18.93833°N, 104.88361°E, 308 m elev., coll. 5-6 June 1995 by Robert W. Murphy et al.; ROM 41614 (one adult male), 18.94167°N, 104.80972°E, 308 m elev., coll. 24 October 1994 by by Robert W. Murphy et al. - Vietnam, Nghe An Province, Que Phong District, Pu Hoat Proposed Nature Reserve: NCSM 79685-86 (two adult males), 19.70865°N, 104.74938°E, 834 m elev., coll. 10 June 2010 by Jodi J. L. Rowley, Trung Tien Cao, Vinh Quang Dau, Huong Thu Phung, Tuan Ngoc Le, Luong Thi Nguyen, Trung Danh Hoang, and Thang Thanh Le. - Vietnam, Nghe An Province, Tuong Duong District, Pu Mat National Park: FMNH 255608 (one adult male), FMNH 255606-07 (two adult females), 19.05000°N, 104.61667°E, 600 m elev., coll. 13 September 1998 by Bryan L. Stuart.</p>
            <p>Referred larvae.</p>
            <p>Laos, Xaysomboun Province, Longchaeng District: NCSM 79982 (sequenced; nine larvae), 19.09100°N, 102.89607° E, 885 m elev., coll. 16 May 2012 by Bryan L. Stuart, Somphouthone Phimmachak, and Niane Sivongxay. - Laos, Xieng Khouang Province, Phoukout District: NCSM 80179 (two larvae), 19.48167 N, 102.71222 E, 884 m elevation, coll. 27 February 2012 by Maurice Kottelat. - Vietnam, Nghe An Province, Con Cuong District, Pu Mat National Park: AMS R 171526 (sequenced; two larvae), 18.80028°N, 104.84694°E, 647 m elev., coll. 20 June 2008 by Jodi J. L. Rowley, Trung Tien Cao, Vinh Quang Dau, Thu Thi Le, Son Van Chu, and Toan Van Do. - Vietnam, Nghe An Province, Que Phong District, Pu Hoat Proposed Nature Reserve: AMS R 176252 (sequenced; four larvae), 19.69859°N, 104.73171°E, 1352 m elevation, 7 June 2010 by Jodi J. L. Rowley, Trung Tien Cao, Vinh Quang Dau, Huong Thu Phung, Tuan Ngoc Le, Luong Thi Nguyen, Trung Danh Hoang, and Thang Thanh Le.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet is a matronym for Tan Fui Lian, Malaysian herpetologist, illustrator of the holotype of  A. cremnobatus (figure 1 of Inger and Kottelat 1998), and wife of the late Robert F. Inger who led the description of  A. cremnobatus . Fui  Lian’s scientific contributions and her generous hospitality to us and innumerable visitors to the Field Museum of Natural History have had immeasurable positive impacts on Southeast Asian herpetology. </p>
            <p>Suggested Common Names.</p>
            <p> Fui  Lian’s Lao torrent frog (English),  ຂຽດເກາະຜາລາວຟ ຸຍຫຼຽນ (Khiat Korpha Lao Fui Lian; Lao). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A member of the  Amolops larutensis group having the combination of 3-4 vomerine teeth reliably present; relative finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III; mean  ± SE SVL of adult males 32.2  ± 1.5 mm (range 28.0-35.3 mm; n = 51) and of adult females 40.0  ± 1.8 (range 35.0-43.1; n = 47); tadpoles with glands near groin in individuals above S30; tadpoles with BL 15.9  ± 2.8 mm (range 12.9-21.5 mm); and tadpoles with BH 5.9  ± 1.1 mm (range 4.6-8.0; n = 16). </p>
            <p>Description of holotype.</p>
            <p>Habitus moderately slender. Head width approximately equal to head length. Snout weakly pointed in dorsal view. Snout projecting slightly beyond lower jaw in lateral view, sloping obliquely back to lip. No humeral glands apparent. Nostril lateral, nearer to tip of snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis distinct. Lores oblique and slightly concave. Eye diameter roughly equal to snout. Pineal gland absent. Tympanum distinct, round, less than 1/2 of eye diameter, with rim slightly elevated. Rictal glands small, slightly oval. Vomerine teeth closer to each other than to choanae and obliquely angled. Distance between vomerine teeth approximately equal to tooth row width; 3-4 teeth on each side. Tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly. Vocal sac opening. No gular pouch, but some extra skin at corners of lower jaw is present.</p>
            <p>Forelimbs moderately slender. Tips of all four fingers expanded into wide discs, with the disc on Finger I notably smaller than discs on the other fingers. Fingers slender. Relative finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III. No webbing on hands but very minimal basal webbing on outer fingers present. No skin fringe on arms. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 2. One supernumerary tubercle at base of fingers 2-4. Irregular palmar tubercle present. Velvety, well-developed nuptial pads present on dorsal surface of Finger I to distal edge of subarticular tubercle.</p>
            <p>Hindlimbs moderately long and slender. Toes slender. Tips of toes expanded into discs with circummarginal grooves. Disc on outermost toe narrower than those on other toes, and barely wider than the toe. Toes fully webbed to base of disc. Thin flap of skin along inner edge of Toe I and outer edge of Toe V. Subarticular tubercles conspicuous, surfaces rounded; formula 1, 1, 2, 2, 2. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval, outer metatarsal tubercle small, round.</p>
            <p>Dorsal skin surface with spinose glands and glandular dorsolateral fold. Flanks glandular with few spinose glands just beneath dorsolateral fold. Spinose glands behind tympanum extending to top of arm. Vent glandular.</p>
            <p>Measurements of holotype (mm): SVL 33.5, HDL 11.8, HDW 11.6, SNT 4.6, EYE 5.0, IOD 3.5, IND 3.9, TMP 1.9, TEY 0.8, SHK 20.0, TGH 18.6, HND 10.7, FTL 16.9.</p>
            <p>Coloration.</p>
            <p>In preservative, dorsal coloration dark brown with beige mottling. Dorsal surface of thighs and arms with pale bars on dark brown background. Posterior surface of thighs smooth (not glandular), dark brown with variegated beige pattern. Ventral surface uniformly creamy beige across chin, chest, belly, and underside of arms and legs. Ventral surfaces of feet dark brown, and ventral surfaces of hands dark beige.</p>
            <p>In life, from photo of specimen prior to preservation (Fig. 7), dorsal surfaces greenish-brown with green mottling. Dorsal surface of thighs and arms with gray bars on greenish brown background. Eye mottled gray on bottom, mottled yellow on top, and orange at anterior and posterior one-quarter. Posterior surface of thighs smooth (not glandular), but with glands near vent extending ventrally and distally. Posterior surface of thighs mainly black with gray mottling, lacking the greenish tinge present on remaining dorsal surfaces. Ventral surface bright white on chin, chest, and belly, with underside of arms and legs transparent. Ventral surfaces of feet dark brown to black, and ventral surfaces of hands dark brown.</p>
            <p>Larvae.</p>
            <p> Based on a larva at S34 from series NCSM 79982, which includes tadpoles of S25-40, that are assigned to this species based on molecular data (Table S2; Fig. 2). Tadpoles of  A. tanfuilianae sp. nov. belong to the exotrophic, lotic, gastromyzophorus larval type (McDiarmid and Altig 1999), with large oral discs ventrally. </p>
            <p>HB oval, broadly rounded, wider anteriorly than posteriorly, with weak constriction near line through nares. HB width 57-64% of HBL, widest anterior to eyes. HB flat below with large abdominal sucker. Eyes dorsolateral, pointed laterad. Nares dorsolateral, closer to eyes than tip of snout. Spiracle low on side, tube free of body wall. Tail lanceolate, margins tapering in distal third to narrowly rounded tip; muscle deeper than fins in proximal half. Dorsal fin origin behind HB, origin of ventral fin distal to origin of dorsal fin. HB without spinules. Glands postocular, no glands in fins. Distinct glands ventrally near groin in tadpoles ≥S32.</p>
            <p>Oral disc nearly as wide as HB, ventral; labial teeth 9-10(5-9; 5-10)/6(1). A1 at margin of upper lip, short, approximately one-third length of A2, with very small denticles compared to other tooth rows. Papillae short, thick, in single row, absent from middle third of upper lip, but present across entire lower lip. Jaw sheaths with outer surface smooth, upper sheath divided, gap between black halves about equal to depth of keratinized portions; lower jaw sheath in single piece. Jaw sheaths with fine serrae.</p>
            <p>Color in preservative of HB brown dorsally and laterally, white ventrally without spots. Caudal muscle brown, with increasing amounts of lighter mottling distally, and white stripe ventrally. Upper fin with melanophores throughout, and lower fin with melanophores in distal half.</p>
            <p>Sexual dimorphism.</p>
            <p> Males (n = 51) differ from females (n = 47) in being smaller (32.2  ± 1.5 mm SVL vs 40.0  ± 1.8 mm; Table 1), and in having paired vocal slits and distinct nuptial pads at base of first finger. </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>Pineal gland sometimes present. Distance between vomerine teeth varies from almost nothing to about the width of one tooth row apart. Males have spinose glands dorsally, but sometimes only weakly spinose (NCSM 81003), and females are glandular but not usually spinose, though occasionally females will be spinose or weakly spinose (NCSM 79971 and 80134, NUOL 00033, 00116, 00118, 00559, 00563). Glandular dorsolateral fold sometimes very faint. When spinose glands are present on the flanks, they are restricted to the upper third to quarter of the flank. Spinose glands behind tympanum extending to top of arm present in all females, and present but sometimes weak in males. Dorsal coloration ranges from dark brown to black with beige mottling. All individuals have more dark than light patches, and almost no individuals have thick beige patches. Ventral surfaces may be entirely beige or may be beige under thighs and arms but creamy white on chin, chest, and belly. Chin and chest may lack dark markings, or may have some dark stippled reticulations, but the entire ventral surface is never dark or marked.</p>
            <p>Distribution and natural history.</p>
            <p>This species is known from clear streams with torrents in Luang Phabang, Xieng Khouang and Xaysomboun Provinces of northern Laos and Nghe An and Thanh Hoa Provinces of northern Vietnam.</p>
            <p>Comparisons.</p>
            <p> Amolops tanfuilianae sp. nov. differs from  A. cremnobatus ,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov. by having a larger number (3-4) of vomerine teeth (2-3 in  A. cremnobatus ,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov.) that are reliably present (faint or sometimes absent in  A. cremnobatus ,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov.); and females with larger SVL (Table 1).  Amolops tanfuilianae sp. nov. differs from  A. kottelati sp. nov.,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov. by having relative finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III (I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III in  A. kottelati sp. nov.,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. attiguus sp. nov.).  Amolops tanfuilianae sp. nov. further differs from  A. sengae sp. nov. by having spinose glands above the arm usually present (absent in  A. sengae sp. nov.).  Amolops tanfuilianae sp. nov. further differs from  A. cremnobatus ,  A. sengae sp. nov., and  A. kottelati sp. nov. by having tadpoles with relatively smaller BH (ANOVA F = 4.16, df = 3, P = 0.02; Table 2).  Amolops tanfuilianae sp. nov. further differs from  A. kottelati sp. nov. by having tadpoles with smaller BL (Table 2).  Amolops tanfuilianae sp. nov. further differs from  A. cremnobatus by having tadpoles with opaque glands on the ventral surface near the vent, proximal to the legs, in tadpoles at S32 or greater (Inger and Kottelat 1998; Fig. 8). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8F96E30F5C659E5AC0B7313419FCEBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sheridan, Jennifer A.;Phimmachak, Somphouthone;Sivongxay, Niane;Stuart, Bryan L.	Sheridan, Jennifer A., Phimmachak, Somphouthone, Sivongxay, Niane, Stuart, Bryan L. (2023): Systematics of the Lao torrent frog, Amolops cremnobatus Inger & Kottelat, 1998 (Anura: Ranidae), with descriptions of four new species. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 931-956, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102475
