taxonID	type	description	language	source
E60087E6FFA1FFC7FDAF5672FC41FAFD.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 3	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA1FFC7FDAF5672FC41FAFD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shell very small, cylindrical; sculptured with strong axial ribs; apertural dentition eight-fold, including a strong in-running parietal lamella, a large mid-labral complex with a ridge-like upper margin running into aperture with a tooth near lip edge and another further into aperture, and a larger tooth on its lower margin further from lip edge, a low, inset transverse basal tooth to right of centre, an in-running ridge-like basal tooth to left of centre and a large inset bicuspid columella lamella with two ridge-like teeth; umbilicus widely open. Type material (not examined) Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • Pirie Forest, near King Williams Town [now Qonce]; ca 1920; R. Godfrey leg.; NHMUK 1937.12. 30.781. Paratype SOUTH AFRICA • 1 spec.; same collection data as for holotype; NHMUK 1937.12. 30.782.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA1FFC7FDAF5672FC41FAFD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • 5 specs; Hogsback, Auckland Nature Reserve, downstream of Madonna and Child waterfall; 32.60701 ° S, 26.9625 ° E; 1043 m a. s. l.; 25 Jan. 2002; D. Herbert, M. Bursey and G. Redman leg.; NMSA W 25 • 2 specs; Hogsback, Auckland Nature Reserve, Tyume River valley, downstream of Madonna and Child waterfall; 32.6055 ° S, 26.9603 ° E; 1030 m a. s. l.; 31 Dec. 2008; M. and K. Cole leg.; NMSA W 6660 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; ELMD 16135, ELMW 3343 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20230166, ex ELMD 16135 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NMW. Z. 2023.001.00001, ex ELMD 16135 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; RMNH. MOL. 346278, ex ELMD 16135 • 2 specs; Hogsback, environs of Madonna and Child Waterfall, stn 14 - 02; 32.6070 ° S, 26.9625 ° E; 1043 m a. s. l; 6 Apr. 2014; D. Herbert, L. Davis and M. Cole leg.; NMSA W 9731 • 1 spec.; Hogsback, Auckland Nature Reserve, Tyume River valley, downstream of Madonna and Child waterfall, south-facing slope; 32.6055 ° S, 26.9603 ° E; 1030 m a. s. l.; 4 Jan. 2022; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 19100 • 2 specs; Hogsback, Zinguka area, at base of large boulder near Wolfridge Road; 32.6495 ° S, 27.0025 ° E; 1086 m a. s. l.; 4 Jan. 2022; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 18881.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA1FFC7FDAF5672FC41FAFD.taxon	description	Description SHELL (Fig. 2). Shell very small, cylindrical, length 3.0 – 3.6 mm, width 1.3 – 1.5 mm, L: W 2.18 – 2.49 (n = 10). Protoconch approx. 0.9 mm in diameter, comprising approx. 2.5 whorls, smooth; junction between protoconch and teleoconch distinct. Teleoconch comprising nearly four whorls; first two whorls moderately convex, subsequent two more weakly so; whorls with faint subsutural angle delimiting narrow subsutural ramp; sculptured by well-developed axial ribs, extending from suture to suture (approx. 30 on penultimate whorl); rib intervals lacking sculpture (Fig. 2 A – B). Aperture sub-quadrate with rounded base and shallowly indented outer lip; dentition eight-fold (Fig. 2 C): 1) an oblique, in-running parietal lamella; 2 – 4) a large mid-labral complex itself with three teeth, its upper margin ridge-like and running into aperture with a tooth near lip edge and another further into aperture, and a larger rounded tooth on its lower margin set back from lip edge; 5) a low, inset transverse basal tooth to right of centre; 6) an in-running ridge-like basal tooth just to left of centre; 7 – 8) a large inset columella lamella set with two strong ridge-like teeth (there may also be a smaller bump below these, but it is not always obvious). Labral and basal teeth correspond with deep pits behind outer lip. Umbilicus widely open, elongate-oval, with a deep indentation underlying columella lamella (Fig. 2 D). Shell almost transparent when fresh, orange-red coloration of dried tissue of animal visible internally. Distribution (Fig. 3) Endemic to the Amathole Mountains; at altitudes between 1000 m and 1100 m above sea level. Habitat Amathole Mistbelt Forest (Southern Mistbelt Forest group) (von Maltitz et al. 2003); in leaf-litter and under logs.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA1FFC7FDAF5672FC41FAFD.taxon	discussion	Remarks We treat Gulella benthodon as a separate species and not as a subspecies of G. darglensis (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908) as originally proposed. It bears very little resemblance to the other two subspecies of G. darglensis recognised by van Bruggen (1980). It has a large mid-labral complex with three cusps and not a pair of in-running ridge-like labral teeth. The columella lamella also has two strong ridge-like teeth, but both are inset, while in G. darglensis the lower tooth extends almost to the lip edge. The deeply situated columellar teeth were also noted by van Bruggen (1980) and were the origin of the subspecific name. Gulella benthodon has stronger and coarser sculpture than both subspecies of G. darglensis; G. d. darglensis (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908) has close-set axial riblets and G. d. illovoensis (Burnup, 1914) is smooth. The apertural dentition of Gulella benthodon closely resembles that of G. kenbrowni Cole & Herbert, 2022 and G. fordycei Cole & Herbert, 2022, but G. benthodon stands out at a glance by being strongly ribbed and considerably larger. The multi-toothed columella lamella is also reminiscent of G. aprosdoketa Connolly, 1939, G. bomvana Cole & Herbert, 2009 and G. tietzae Cole & Herbert, 2009, but these three species are smooth. The labral complex resembles that of several very small, narrow-range species endemic to Zululand, Gulella genialis (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1903), Gulella laevorsa Burnup, 1925 and Gulella vallaris (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1907) in Group 9 of Herbert & Kilburn (2004), but none of the latter species have a multi-toothed columella lamella. Conservation Gulella benthodon is a narrow-range endemic found only in the Amathole Mountains where, despite fairly extensive collecting efforts throughout the mountain range, it has only been found at three localities. Van Bruggen’s (1980) specimens came from the Pirie Forest near King Williams Town, collected in about 1920. Recently collected specimens are known only from Hogsback and the majority were collected in the Auckland Nature Reserve. In spite of these being protected sites, poaching and illegal harvesting of plant products takes place and there is uncontrolled access of cattle.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA4FFC8FDF75135FD93F9CB.taxon	description	Figs 3 – 5	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA4FFC8FDF75135FD93F9CB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shell very small, sub-cylindrical; sculptured with strong axial ribs; peristome entire and thickened, fused to preceding whorl in parietal region; aperture constricted by teeth; dentition five-fold, including a strong parietal lamella, a large trigonal labral slab running deeply into aperture, a deep-set, oblique in-running ridge-like basal tooth to left of centre, a low, broad, rounded denticle at top of columellar lip and a very large, deep-set columella lamella; apertural tube behind columella lip somewhat expanded and collar-like; umbilicus very small.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA4FFC8FDF75135FD93F9CB.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named in honour of the late Prof. Judith Masters (1956 – 2022), University of Fort Hare and formerly Assistant Director of the Natal Museum (1998 – 2006). Judith, a friend and former colleague of the second author, was a world-renowned primatologist specializing in lemurs, was tragically murdered, together with her partner in life and science, Dr Fabien Génin, in their Hogsback home on October 3, 2022 (Tattersall & Delpero 2022; Andrews et al. 2023). Having recently retired, Judith was beginning what might have been the most productive period of her scientific career.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA4FFC8FDF75135FD93F9CB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • Isidenge State Forest, south-east of Mount Kemp, Artillery Forest, south-facing; 32.6954 ° S, 27.2870 ° E; 1051 m a. s. l.; 5 Apr. 2016; M. Cole leg.; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2354 / T 4603, ex ELMD 18090. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • 2 specs; Isidenge State Forest, south-east of Mount Kemp, Artillery Forest, south-facing; 32.6954 ° S, 27.2870 ° E; 1051 m a. s. l.; 4 Feb. 2021; M. Cole leg.; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2355 / T 4604 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; ELMD 18885 / T 232 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20230168 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; NMW. Z. 2023.001.00002 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; RMNH. MOL. 346279 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Jan. 2022; ELMD 18884 / T 233 • 1 spec.; Isidenge State Forest, south-east of Mount Kemp, Artillery Forest lower site, south-facing; 32.7013 ° S, 27.2921 ° E; 948 m a. s. l.; 7 Jan. 2022; M. Cole leg.; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2356 / T 4605 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; ELMD 18882 / T 234. Other material examined SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • 1 spec.; Isidenge State Forest, south-east of Mount Kemp, Artillery Forest, south-facing; 32.6954 ° S, 27.2870 ° E; 1051 m a. s. l.; 4 Feb. 2021; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 18886 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Jan. 2022; ELMD 18883.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA4FFC8FDF75135FD93F9CB.taxon	description	Description SHELL (FigS 4 – 5). Shell very small, sub-cylindrical, length 3.0 – 3.6 mm, width 1.6 – 1.7 mm, L: W 1.84 – 2.20 (n = 13). Protoconch approx. 0.9 mm in diameter, comprising approx. 2.25 whorls, sculptured with raised microscopic spiral threads, weaker on apical bulb (Fig. 5), last half-whorl also with weak axial riblets; junction between protoconch and teleoconch distinct. Teleoconch comprising approx. 4.25 whorls; whorls moderately convex, suture strongly indented; sculptured by well-developed axial ribs, extending from suture to suture (approx. 47 on penultimate whorl); rib intervals lacking sculpture (Fig. 4 A – B). Peristome fused with base of penultimate whorl in parietal region; parietal callus well developed, peristome thickened. Aperture markedly constricted by teeth, dentition five-fold (Fig. 4 C): 1) a strong parietal lamella, outer portion oblique; 2) a large trigonal wedge-like labral slab with a point on its upper margin near lip edge, its upper margin running deeply into aperture, more or less parallel to lower margin of parietal lamella initially, angled progressively more toward columella internally; 3) a deep-set, oblique in-running ridge-like basal tooth to left of centre; 4) a low, broad, rounded denticle at top of columella; 5) a very large, deep-set columella lamella. Labral slab corresponds with a deep pit behind outer lip (Fig. 4 B); basal ridge corresponds with a shallow indentation behind basal lip (Fig. 4 D). Apertural tube behind columella lip somewhat inflated and collar-like; umbilicus very small, elongate-ovate (Fig. 4 D). Shell translucent, uniformly milky-white when fresh. Distribution (Fig. 3) Endemic to the Isidenge area of the Amathole Mountains; at altitudes between 950 m and 1050 m above sea level. Habitat Amathole Mistbelt Forest (Southern Mistbelt Forest group) (von Maltitz et al. 2003); in leaf-litter and under logs.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFA4FFC8FDF75135FD93F9CB.taxon	discussion	Remarks Gulella judithmastersae sp. nov. resembles Gulella dejae Bursey & Herbert, 2004 from coastal Eastern Cape and G. viae Burnup, 1925 from Afromontane forests in KwaZulu-Natal and northwards into Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces. These three species have a very large parietal lamella with oblique outer portion, a trigonal labral tooth running into the aperture, a concave columella lip with a tooth or thickening at the upper and lower ends and an inflated, collar-like apertural tube behind the columella lip. There are differences in the dimensions of the apertural teeth between the three species. The parietal lamella of G. judithmastersae is larger than that of G. dejae; the outer portion projects outwards, but not as prominently as in G. viae. In side view the outer lip arches forward in the vicinity of the labral tooth in G. judithmastersae and even more strongly in G. viae. The labral slab of G. dejae is largest and hence the aperture is more constricted by teeth. Gulella viae has a more pointed tooth on the upper margin of the labral slab. In G. judithmastersae there is a deep-set, oblique in-running ridge-like basal tooth to left of centre at the base of the columella lip, while G. dejae and G. viae have a tooth at the lower end of columella lip in this position, but it does not run into the aperture. Gulella judithmastersae is similar to G. dejae, G. phyllisae Burnup, 1925, G. hamerae Bursey & Herbert, 2004 and G. claustralis Connolly, 1939 in the possession of spiral threads on the protoconch, absent in G. viae. Gulella judithmastersae also bears resemblance to G. arnoldi (Sturany, 1898), but that species also lacks spiral sculpture on the protoconch. Gulella judithmastersae differs from G. phyllisae and G. arnoldi in the large size of the parietal lamella, the position of the basal tooth (to the left not right of centre) and the shape of the columella lamella. Gulella judithmastersae does not resemble G. hamerae or G. claustralis in the shape of the aperture and its dentition. The aperture of the latter two species is y-shaped and the columella lip is indented. Conservation Despite fairly extensive collecting efforts throughout the Amathole mountain range, Gulella judithmastersae sp. nov. has been found at only two localities, both in the Isidenge area. It therefore appears to be a very narrow-range endemic. Isidenge is a State Forest protected under the National Forest Act (Act 84 of 1998).	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFABFFCDFDD45246FBBBFDBF.taxon	description	Figs 3, 6	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFABFFCDFDD45246FBBBFDBF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shell minute, sub-cylindrical; sculptured by well-developed axial ribs, extending from suture to suture, aperture narrowing towards base on right; apertural dentition four-fold, including an oblique parietal lamella, a large roundly triangular somewhat bicuspid labral slab, a ridge-like basal tooth in centre of base, and a large inset elongate columella lamella; the columella lip is also thickened, and has an indistinct swelling at either end in some specimens; umbilicus widely open.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFABFFCDFDD45246FBBBFDBF.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named for the first author’s husband, Kevin Cole, who was a volunteer at Hobbiton-on-Hogsback helping at 32 two-week camps for disadvantaged children between 1979 and 1986, and subsequently Chairman of its board, and who helped collect specimens of this species.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFABFFCDFDD45246FBBBFDBF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • Hogsback, Auckland Nature Reserve, base of vertical cliff near Madonna and Child waterfall; 32.6063 ° S, 26.9625 ° E; 1065 m a. s. l.; 27 Sep. 2021; M. Cole leg.; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2357 / T 4506. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • 1 spec.; Hogsback Forest, base of vertical cliff near Madonna and Child waterfall; 32.6063 ° S, 26.9625 ° E; 1065 m a. s. l.; 27 Sep. 2021; M. Cole leg.; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2358 / T 4607 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; ELMD 18887 / T 235 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20230167. Other material examined SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • 1 spec.; Hogsback, Auckland Nature Reserve, Tyume River valley, downstream of Madonna and Child waterfall; 32.6055 ° S, 26.9603 ° E; 1030 m a. s. l.; 31 Dec. 2008; M. and K. Cole leg.; NMSA W 9361 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; ELMD 19089 • 1 spec.; Hogsback Forest, base of vertical cliff near Madonna and Child waterfall; 32.6063 ° S, 26.9625 ° E; 1065 m a. s. l.; 4 Jan. 2022; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 18880.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFABFFCDFDD45246FBBBFDBF.taxon	description	Description SHELL (Fig. 6). Shell minute, sub-cylindrical, length 2.5 – 3.0 mm, width 1.2 – 1.5 mm, L: W 1.98 – 2.15 (n = 6). Protoconch approx. 0. 9 mm in diameter, comprising approx. 2.5 whorls, smooth; junction with teleoconch distinct. Teleoconch comprising approx. 4.5 whorls; whorls convex; sculptured with well-developed axial ribs from suture to suture (approx. 32 on penultimate whorl; rib intervals lacking sculpture (Fig. 6 A – B). Aperture narrowing towards base on right (in apertural view); peristome thickened and reflected; base flattened rather than rounded, dentition four-fold (Fig. 6 C): 1) an almost vertical parietal lamella, concave on side facing labral sinus, 2) a large roundly triangular labral slab, somewhat bicuspid in some specimens, leaving only a narrow slit between it and parietal lamella, 3) a ridge-like basal tooth in centre of base, 4) a large, deep-set, elongate columella lamella; in addition, in some specimens the thickened columella may bear a low, broad denticle near its parietal insertion and another near its base, but in other specimens these are scarcely evident. Labral tooth corresponds with a deep pit behind outer lip (Fig. 6 B); basal tooth corresponds with a pit behind basal lip. Apertural tube behind columella lip collar-like with fine close-set riblets. Umbilicus widely open, elongate-oval, approx. 0.12 mm in length (Fig. 6 D). Shell almost transparent when fresh, yellow-orange coloration of dried tissue of animal visible internally. Distribution (Fig. 3) Known only from Hogsback in the Amathole Mountains; at altitudes between 1000 m and 1100 m above sea level. Habitat Amathole Mistbelt Forest (Southern Mistbelt Forest group) (von Maltitz et al. 2003); in leaf-litter and under logs.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFABFFCDFDD45246FBBBFDBF.taxon	discussion	Remarks Gulella kevincolei sp. nov. resembles the variable species Gulella farquhari (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1895) but the following differences appear to be consistent. The sculpture of G. kevincolei is much stronger than that of G. farquhari which has variable sculpture, usually in the form of milling just below the suture or weak axial ribbing. Gulella kevincolei has a larger, ridge-like basal tooth which reaches the aperture margin, distinct from the inset basal tooth of G. farquhari. The umbilicus of G. kevincolei is widely open and it has a large, smooth protoconch (0.9 mm in the holotype) clearly distinct from the teleoconch. Conservation Gulella kevincolei sp. nov. has been found at only one locality, Hogsback, in the Amathole Mountains, despite fairly extensive collecting efforts throughout the mountain range. It therefore appears to be a very narrow-range endemic, restricted to the main Hogsback forest block.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFAEFFCFFDD556F3FB39FEB3.taxon	description	Figs 3, 7	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFAEFFCFFDD556F3FB39FEB3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shell very small to minute, cylindrical; sculptured with well-developed, but not strong axial ribs; edge of labrum projecting outward in side-view; dentition eight-fold, including a strong parietal lamella, three labral teeth, one at lip edge and two within aperture, the lower stronger, a low, inset transverse basal tooth to right of centre, a basal tooth to left of centre, a tooth on mid-upper columella lip, a very large, deep-set rounded columella lamella; umbilicus closed.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFAEFFCFFDD556F3FB39FEB3.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named for the late Cameron McMaster who had a keen interest in natural history and whose brother, Nigel, farms at the type locality.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFAEFFCFFDD556F3FB39FEB3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • Cathcart Nature Reserve, Windvogelberg Hiking Trail, south-facing slope of watercourse; 32.2851 ° S, 27.1347 ° E; 1266 m a. s. l.; 6 Mar. 2007; D. Herbert, L. Davis and M. Bursey leg.; riverine forest, alive in leaf-litter; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2359 / T 4608 ex ELMD 15178. Paratypes (listed north to south) SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • 7 specs; Middledrift Farm, southern end of Windvogelberg, 6 km SW of Cathcart; 32.3290 ° S, 27.0883 ° E; 1500 m a. s. l.; 6 Mar. 2007; D. Herbert, L. Davis and M. Bursey leg.; grassy slope with rocks and scrubby forest, in leaf-litter and under rocks; NMSA W 5291 / T 4599 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; RMNH. MOL. 346280, ex NMSA W 5291 • 5 specs; same collection data as for preceding; ELMD 15170 / T 240 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20230169, ex ELMD 15170 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NMW. Z. 2023.001.00003, ex ELMD 15170 • 5 specs; Patchwood Farm, forest north of homestead; 32.3875 ° S, 27.4501 ° E; 1196 m a. s. l.; 18 Dec. 2012; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 17105 / T 236 • 4 specs; Patchwood Farm, forest at source of Quanti River; 32.3824 ° S, 27.4470 ° E; 1238 m a. s. l.; 18 Dec. 2012; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 17102 / T 237 • 3 specs; same collection data as for preceding; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2360 / T 4609, ex ELMD 17102 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20230170, ex ELMD 17102 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NMW. Z. 2023.001.00004, ex ELMD 17102 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; RMNH. MOL. 346281, ex ELMD 17102 • 1 spec.; same locality data as for preceding; 6 Apr. 2016; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 18145 / T 238 • 2 specs; Qacu Forest Nature Reserve, NNE of Stutterheim; 32.4031 ° S, 27.4486 ° E; 1273 m a. s. l.; 6 Apr. 2016; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 18136 / T 239. Other material examined SOUTH AFRICA – Eastern Cape • 5 specs (3 adult, 1 immature, 1 juvenile); Middledrift farm, southern end of Windvogelberg, 6 km SW of Cathcart; 32.3290 ° S, 27.0883 ° E; 6 Mar. 2007; D. Herbert, L. Davis and M. Bursey leg.; grassy slope with rocks and scrubby forest, in leaf-litter and under rocks; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2351 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; ELMD 19088 (was 15170).	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFAEFFCFFDD556F3FB39FEB3.taxon	description	Description SHELL (Fig. 7). Shell very small to minute, elongate-cylindrical, length 2.4 – 2.7 mm, width 1.0 – 1.2 mm, L: W 2.07 – 2.42 (n = 12). Protoconch approx. 0. 8 mm in diameter, comprising approx. 2.25 – 2.5 whorls, smooth (Fig. 7 A – B); junction with teleoconch not distinct. Teleoconch comprising approx. 3.75 whorls; the first convex, but subsequent ones more flat-sided; sculptured by well-developed, but not strong axial ribs, extending from suture to suture (approx. 42 on penultimate whorl), weak on early part of first whorl; rib intervals lacking obvious microsculpture (Fig. 7 A – B). Aperture somewhat asymmetrical due to narrowing from labral tooth towards base, rounded at base; peristome broadly interrupted in parietal region, middle region of labrum projecting outward in side-view (Fig. 7 B). Dentition eight-fold (Fig. 7 C): 1) a strong parietal lamella, outer portion oblique and projecting beyond aperture in side-view, extending to level of upper labral tooth, curves and runs into aperture so that side facing labral sinus is concave; 2 – 4) a strong mid-labral base beginning at lip edge with three labral teeth, one on lip edge (a low bulge), and two further into aperture, lower one stronger; 5) a very low, inset transverse basal tooth to right of centre; 6) a basal tooth to left of centre usually near lip edge; 7) a low, broad tooth on mid to upper columellar lip; 8) a very large, deep-set, rounded columella lamella with thickened distal rim. Labral tooth corresponds with a pit behind outer lip (Fig. 7 B). Umbilicus closed (Fig. 7 D). Shell almost transparent when fresh, reddish-orange dried tissue of animal visible internally. Distribution (Fig. 3) Recorded from isolated forest patches on the Windvogelberg south of Cathcart, and the Qacu forests north-east of Stutterheim, Eastern Cape; at altitudes between 1200 m and 1500 m above sea level. These forests lie between the Amatholes and the Kei River valley and are disjunct from the large forest blocks of the Amathole Mountains. Habitat Southern Mistbelt Forest (Mucina & Geldenhuys 2006); in leaf-litter and under rocks.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFAEFFCFFDD556F3FB39FEB3.taxon	discussion	Remarks Amongst other Eastern Cape species of Gulella, the apertural dentition of G. mcmasteri sp. nov. resembles that of G. ponsonbyi (Burnup, 1914), G. caryatis (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898) and G. phragma (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1907), but G. mcmasteri has three labral teeth, its basal tooth to the left of centre is close to the lip edge and its columella lamella is differently shaped, resulting in a closed umbilicus. The aperture rim is less thickened than that of G. ponsonbyi, the parietal lamella is smaller and the columella lamella is not mammillate as in G. ponsonbyi, but is concave with a raised edge. Gulella caryatis is more elongate and its axial ribs are weaker, extending only half-way down each whorl and the aperture of G. mcmasteri is markedly more obstructed by teeth. Gulella phragma is a poorly known species also recorded from the Cathcart area, but it is larger (length 4.3 mm) and has a prominent superficial tooth on the columella lip mirrored by the underlying columella lamella, and joined to it by a ridge. Conservation Gulella mcmasteri sp. nov. is found in relict forest patches including two formally protected areas, Cathcart Nature Reserve and Qacu Forest Nature Reserve, although this status does not always guarantee protection due to lack of compliance. Cathcart Nature Reserve is on the outskirts of the town with uncontrolled access to people and cattle. Qacu is probably relatively undisturbed due to its isolation. The present landowners of the two private farms on which the species has been recorded are both conservationists and its forest habitats at these localities are therefore safe at present.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFADFFD3FDDE5576FED8FD9E.taxon	description	Figs 8 – 9	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFADFFD3FDDE5576FED8FD9E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shell minute, cylindrical; smooth and glossy; aperture quadrate, base truncate; dentition five-fold, including a large parietal lamella, a simple in-running, ridge-like labral tooth extending from lip edge, a short, broad basal tooth slightly to left of centre beginning very near lip edge, a prominent swelling in middle of columella lip and a large, convex columella lamella; peristome protruding at position of labral and superficial columella teeth; umbilicus closed.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFADFFD3FDDE5576FED8FD9E.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named for the Hlathikhulu [Gwaliweni] Forest Reserve, translated from isiZulu as ‘ Big Bush’ or ‘ Big Forest’.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFADFFD3FDDE5576FED8FD9E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • Lebombo Mountains, Gwaliweni Forest, site 2, mesic scarp forest; 27.3242 ° S, 31.9966 ° E, 563 m a. s. l.; Feb. 2008; N. Crouch and T. Edwards leg.; NMSA W 6129 / T 4598. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • 2 specs; Lebombo Mountains, Hlathikhulu Forest Nature Reserve, scarp forest; 27.3247 ° S, 31.990 ° E; 647 m a. s. l.; 29 Dec. 2006; A. Moussalli and D. Stuart-Fox leg.; NMSA W 5730 / T 4597 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; RMNH. MOL. 346282, ex NMSA W 5730 • 1 spec.; Lebombo Mountains, Hlathikhulu Forest Nature Reserve, scarp forest; 27.3243 ° S, 31.9906 ° E; 640 m a. s. l.; 15 Aug. 2015; T. Nxele leg.; NMSA P 0363 / T 4596 • 3 specs; Lebombo Mountains, eastern side, Hlathikhulu Forest Nature Reserve, 70 km from coast; 27.3244 ° S, 31.9910 ° E; 643 m a. s. l.; 18 Jan. 2010; M. and K. Cole leg.; ELMD 16339 / T 241 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; ELMW 3395 / T 242 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20230171, ex ELMD 16339 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NMW. Z. 2023.001.00005, ex ELMD 16339. Other material examined SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • 3 specs; Lebombo Mountains, eastern side, Hlathikhulu Forest Nature Reserve, 70 km from coast; 27.3244 ° S, 31.9910 ° E; 643 m a. s. l.; 18 Jan. 2010; M. and K. Cole leg.; ELMD 18893, ex ELMD 16339.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFADFFD3FDDE5576FED8FD9E.taxon	description	Description SHELL (Fig. 8). Shell minute, cylindrical, length 2.7 – 3.3 mm, width 1.2 – 1.4 mm, L: W 2.03 – 2.36 (n = 7). Protoconch approx. 1.0 mm in diameter, comprising approx. 2.5 whorls, smooth (Fig. 8 A – B); junction between protoconch and teleoconch not distinct. Teleoconch comprising approx. 4.25 whorls; first whorl convex, others weakly so, suture not strongly indented; smooth and glossy with a few axial pleats behind labrum and around base (Fig. 8 A – B). Peristome little thickened, interrupted in parietal region. Aperture quadrate, base flattened rather than rounded; apertural dentition five-fold (Fig. 8 C): 1) a large parietal lamella which curves and runs into aperture; side facing labral sinus concave; 2) a simple labral tooth in the form of an in-running ridge beginning at lip edge; 3) a low, broad, somewhat oblique basal tooth slightly to left of centre beginning very near lip edge; 4) a prominent swelling on columella lip; 5) a large, convex columella lamella with no bulb or swelling. Labral tooth corresponds with a very shallow pit behind outer lip. When viewed from laterally, profile of aperture juts out in position of teeth on labral and columella lips, which lie opposite each other (Fig. 8 B). Umbilicus closed (Fig. 8 D). Shell translucent when fresh, orange coloration of dried tissue of animal visible internally. Distribution (Fig. 9) Evidently endemic to the Hlathikhulu Forest near the southern limit of the Lebombo Mountains in northeastern KwaZulu-Natal, between 550 m and 650 m above sea level. Habitat Northern Scarp forest of the Lebombo Scarp subtype (Mucina et al. 2018); in leaf-litter and under logs.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFADFFD3FDDE5576FED8FD9E.taxon	discussion	Remarks Gulella hlathikhulu sp. nov. resembles two species occurring in the adjacent coastal regions of Zululand, Gulella appletoni van Bruggen, 1975 and Gulella perspicuaeformis (Sturany, 1898). Gulella hlathikhulu is larger than G. appletoni (length <2.0 mm), and its labral tooth is a simple, in-running ridge rather than a bicuspid trigonal tooth, and the basal tooth is more robust, beginning very near the lip edge. In addition, the mid-region of the columella does not protrude in G. appletoni. The aperture of G. perspicuaeformis is noticeably less obstructed by teeth than that of G. hlathikhulu; it lacks a basal and superficial columella tooth, and the columella lamella, parietal and labral teeth are all relatively small (Herbert 2006). Conservation Gulella hlathikhulu sp. nov. appears to be a very rare species, with few records. The Hlathikhulu Forest Reserve (also known as the Gwaliweni Forest) is a formally protected area under the jurisdiction of Ezemvelo-KZN Wildlife, the provincial conservation authority for KwaZulu-Natal, although lack of compliance may limit the effectiveness of protected status. The forest habitat crosses the Eswatini [Swaziland] border and probably also occurs further north along the Lebombo Mountains, straddling this international boundary, especially in the surrounds of the Ingwavuma Gorge (Mucina et al. 2018). It is thus possible that G. hlathikhulu occurs at additional, as yet unsampled, sites along this ridge of mountains.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB0FFD5FD285610FBCBFBD8.taxon	description	Figs 9 – 10	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB0FFD5FD285610FBCBFBD8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shell very small, sub-cylindrical; smooth and glossy; aperture markedly constricted by teeth and narrower towards base; apertural dentition four-fold, including an oblique parietal lamella, a large rounded labral tooth, its outer face concave and its upper margin sinuous, bearing a small cusp near lip edge, an inset tooth in centre of base and a large elongate inset columella lamella; apertural tube behind columella lip somewhat expanded and collar-like; umbilicus very small with distinct peri-umbilical pleats.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB0FFD5FD285610FBCBFBD8.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named for the type locality, the Nkandla Forest Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB0FFD5FD285610FBCBFBD8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • Nkandla Forest Reserve, 37 km NW of Eshowe, Chibini area; 28.7233 ° S, 31.1317 ° E; ± 1200 m a. s. l.; 14 Jan. 2010; M. Cole leg.; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2361 / T 4610, ex ELMD 16456. Paratype SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • 1 spec.; Nkandla Forest Reserve, near picnic site north of main road, mistbelt forest; 28.7347 ° S, 31.1439 ° E; ± 1040 m a. s. l.; 9 Apr. 2015; M. and K. Cole leg.; alive in leaf-litter; ELMD 18624 / T 243.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB0FFD5FD285610FBCBFBD8.taxon	description	Description SHELL (Fig. 10). Shell very small, sub-cylindrical, length 3.7 – 4.0 mm, width 1.8 – 1.9 mm, L: W 2.07 – 2.10 (n = 2). Protoconch approx. 1.0 mm in diameter, comprising approx. 2.5 whorls, smooth (Fig. 10 B); junction between protoconch and teleoconch not distinct. Teleoconch comprising approx. 4.5 whorls; whorls weakly convex; smooth and glossy (Fig. 10 A – B); axial pleats on last whorl behind labrum and around umbilicus (Fig. 10 B, D). Aperture narrower towards base on right and slightly pinched in below parietal insertion; peristome thickened and reflected; aperture markedly constricted by teeth, dentition four-fold (Fig. 10 C): 1) a parietal lamella, with outer portion markedly oblique and then curving inward so that remainder runs into aperture, 2) a large rounded labral tooth with concave outer face and thickened, sinuous upper margin bearing a small cusp near lip edge, 3) an inset tooth in centre of base, 4) a large deeply-inset, elongate columella lamella with a hollow in its centre. Edge of the columella lip slightly thickened. Labral tooth corresponds with a narrow slit behind outer lip (Fig. 10 B). Apertural tube behind columella lip somewhat expanded and collar-like, bearing axial pleats; umbilicus very small, elongate-oval, approx. 0.12 mm in length and with distinct peri-umbilical pleats (Fig. 10 D). Shell almost transparent when fresh, orange coloration of dried tissue of animal visible internally. Distribution (Fig. 9) Known only from Nkandla Forest Reserve, in northern KwaZulu-Natal; between approx. 1000 m and 1200 m above sea level. Habitat Patches of KwaZulu-Natal Scarp forest of the KwaZulu-Natal Inland Scarp subtype (Mucina et al. 2018); in leaf-litter and under logs.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB0FFD5FD285610FBCBFBD8.taxon	discussion	Remarks Gulella nkandla sp. nov. resembles the variable G. farquhari (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1895), but the latter has some form of axial sculpture while G. nkandla is smooth and glossy with axial pleats only on the last whorl behind the labrum and around the umbilicus. Furthermore, the labral tooth of G. nkandla has a definite cusp on its upper margin near the lip edge, lacking in G. farquhari and the columella lamella is more elongate. The labral tooth of G. nkandla bears some resemblance to that of G. contraria Connolly, 1932, in particular the upper denticle, but in the latter species the bulk of the tooth is in the form of an inset ridge that extends inward and basally from the upper denticle, behind the more superficial labral ridge. Gulella contraria also has a very strong, broad, squarish tooth in the middle of the columella lip. Conservation Gulella nkandla sp. nov. has been found only at Nkandla Forest Reserve, a protected area under the jurisdiction of the provincial conservation authority, Ezemvelo-KZN Wildlife.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB6FFD7FD245056FD0DF8B9.taxon	description	Figs 9, 11	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB6FFD7FD245056FD0DF8B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shell very small, sub-cylindrical; sculptured with axial ribs extending from suture to suture with spiral microsculpture between them; apertural dentition eight-fold, including a parietal lamella running into the aperture with a sinuous lower margin bearing a notch, a low sinular denticle, a large triangular labral tooth with a peg-like tooth at its upper limit, a low, deeply inset transverse basal tooth to right of centre, a deeply inset trigonal basal tooth to left of centre and a large inset columella lamella consisting of a vertical slab with two ridge-like teeth, pointing obliquely downwards, in its lower half; apertural tube collar-like behind columella lip, umbilicus very small.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB6FFD7FD245056FD0DF8B9.taxon	etymology	Etymology From the Greek ‘ mystikos ’ (‘ μυσΤΙΚός ’): ‘ a mystery, mysterious’; with reference to the environs of Nkandla – long considered a region of mystery in Zulu folklore.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB6FFD7FD245056FD0DF8B9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • Nkandla Forest Reserve, 38 km NW of Eshowe, Chibini area, mistbelt forest; 28.7227 ° S, 31.1283 ° E; ± 1175 m a. s. l.; 20 Oct. 2003; D. Herbert leg.; under logs and in leaf-litter; NMSA W 1181 / T 4600. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • 1 spec.; Nkandla Forest Reserve, Chibini area, 38 km NW of Eshowe, mistbelt forest; 28.7227 ° S, 31.1283 ° E; ± 1175 m a. s. l.; 9 Apr. 2015; M. and K. Cole leg.; ELMD 18701 / T 244 • 1 spec.; Nkandla Forest Reserve, 37 km NW of Eshowe, near picnic site north of main road, mistbelt forest; 28.7347 ° S, 31.1439 ° E; ± 1040 m a. s. l.; 9 Apr. 2015; M. and K. Cole leg.; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2362 / T 4611, ex ELMD 18622. Other material examined SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • 1 spec.; Nkandla Forest Reserve, Mdonini area near eastern boundary, 36 km NW of Eshowe, mistbelt forest; 28.7453 ° S, 31.1361 ° E; ± 1050 m a. s. l.; 14 Jan. 2010; M. Cole leg.; ELMD 18888.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB6FFD7FD245056FD0DF8B9.taxon	description	Description SHELL (Fig. 11). Shell very small, sub-cylindrical to squat, length 3.2 – 3.3 mm, width 1.7 – 1.8 mm, L: W 1.88 – 2.00 (n = 4). Protoconch approx. 0.8 mm in diameter, comprising approx. 2.5 whorls, smooth; junction between protoconch and teleoconch distinct. Teleoconch comprising approx. 5.5 convex whorls; sculptured with well-developed axial ribs, extending from suture to suture, prosocline on spire whorls and almost orthocline on last whorl, rib intervals with spiral microsculpture (Fig. 11 A – B). Aperture sub-quadrate with rounded base; outer lip shallowly indented, columella straight (in aperture view); peristome thickened and reflected; dentition eight-fold (Fig. 11 C): 1) an almost vertical parietal lamella, its lower margin sinuous and notched, 2) a minute sinular denticle, 3 – 4) a large triangular labral tooth extending into aperture, with a small peg-like tooth at its upper limit near lip edge, 5) a deeply inset low, transverse basal tooth to right of centre, 6) a deeply inset pointed trigonal tooth to left of centre, 7 – 8) a large deeply inset columella lamella consisting of a truncate vertical slab set with two ridge-like downward-pointing teeth in lower half, upper one larger. Aperture indented in region of labral teeth and with a deep pit behind outer lip corresponding to labral tooth base (Fig. 11 B). Apertural tube behind columella lip collar-like; umbilicus very small, elongate-ovate, approx. 0.08 mm in length (Fig. 11 D). Shell almost transparent when fresh, yellow-orange coloration of dried tissue of animal visible internally. Distribution (Fig. 9) Known only from Nkandla Forest Reserve, in northern KwaZulu-Natal; between 1000 m and 1200 m above sea level. Habitat Patches of KwaZulu-Natal Scarp forest of the KwaZulu-Natal Inland Scarp subtype (Mucina et al. 2018); in leaf-litter and under logs.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB6FFD7FD245056FD0DF8B9.taxon	discussion	Remarks Gulella mystica sp. nov. does not bear close resemblance to any other species. The truncate columella lamella with downward-pointing ridge-like teeth at its lower end is unique. Its apertural dentition bears superficial resemblance to certain features of G. mfongosiensis Burnup, 1925 and G. perissodonta (Sturany, 1898), namely the large labral tooth with a small tooth on its upper base, basal teeth to right and left of centre and the columella lamella with two ridges. Both G. mfongosiensis and G. perissodonta have an additional parietal denticle and the former also has a denticle in the middle of the columella lip. Gulella mystica occurs in the same broad vicinity as these other two species (inland in northern KwaZulu-Natal), but they occur in drier bushveld habitats while G. mystica occurs in tall, moist forest. Conservation Gulella mystica sp. nov. has been found only at Nkandla Forest Reserve, a protected area under the jurisdiction of Ezemvelo-KZN Wildlife.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB5FFD8FD235576FCD3FC41.taxon	description	Figs 9, 12	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB5FFD8FD235576FCD3FC41.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shell minute, sub-cylindrical; sculptured with weak widely-spaced axial ribs; dentition seven-fold, including an angular parietal lamella, a large, bicuspid labral tooth, the lower cusp stronger, a low, deeply inset transverse basal tooth slightly to right of centre, an in-running tooth at base of columella lip, a prominent tooth in middle of columella lip and a large, convex columella lamella; peristome protruding at position of labral and superficial columella teeth; umbilicus widely open, more or less circular.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB5FFD8FD235576FCD3FC41.taxon	etymology	Etymology From Latin ‘ libertas ’ meaning ‘ freedom’. The type locality is in the town Vryheid, Afrikaans for freedom, an area with a history of battles.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB5FFD8FD235576FCD3FC41.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • Vryheid, indigenous forest behind Lancaster Lodge; 27.7507 ° S, 30.7624 ° E; 1140 m a. s. l.; 14 Dec. 2012; A. Ndaba, B. Mkhize and G. Zamisa leg.; sorted from leaf-litter; NMSA W 9287 / T 4601. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • 2 specs; same collection data as for holotype; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2352 / T 4602 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for holotype; ELMD 19090 / T 245, ex NMSA W 9287 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for holotype; NHMUK 20230172, ex NMSA W 9287. Other material examined SOUTH AFRICA – KwaZulu-Natal • 2 specs (1 adult, 1 juvenile); same collection data as for holotype; NMSA-Mol 0 P 2353.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB5FFD8FD235576FCD3FC41.taxon	description	Description SHELL (Fig. 12). Shell minute, sub-cylindrical, length 2.2 – 2.7 mm, width 1.1 – 1.2 mm, L: W 2.03 – 2.29 (n = 6). Protoconch approx. 0.7 mm in diameter, comprising 2.25 whorls, smooth (Fig. 12 A – B); junction between protoconch and teleoconch distinct. Teleoconch comprising approx. 5 whorls; first whorl convex, others weakly so; first 0.25 whorl with fine, closely spaced riblets, remainder with widely-spaced axial ribs, strong below suture and fading out before reaching next suture except on body whorl (Fig. 12 A – B). Peristome very thick and reflected. Aperture more or less quadrate, base rounded; apertural dentition seven-fold (Fig. 12 C): 1) an angular parietal lamella, with an oblique ridge extending from angle to middle of parietal region, almost forming a buttress, side of lamella facing labral sinus concave, running into aperture medial to angle, 2 – 3) two labral teeth fused to form a large plate, the lower tooth stronger, 4) a low, inset transverse basal tooth slightly to right of centre, 5) an in-running, ridge-like basal tooth well to left of centre beginning at base of columella lip, 6) a prominent tooth in middle of columella lip and 7) a large, broadly rounded columella lamella. A weak ridge appears to join the tooth on columella lip and columella lamella in some specimens. Labral tooth corresponds with a deep pit behind outer lip (Fig. 12 B). When viewed from either side, profile of aperture juts out in position of teeth on labrum and columella lip, which lie opposite each other. Umbilicus widely open, more or less circular, approx. 0.12 mm in diameter (Fig. 12 D). Tooth in middle of columella lip corresponds with an elongated pit behind columella lip which joins the umbilicus (Fig. 12 D). Shell translucent when fresh, red-orange coloration of dried tissue of animal visible internally. Distribution (Fig. 9) Known only from the outskirts of the town of Vryheid in north-central KwaZulu-Natal, at approx. 1140 m above sea level. Habitat Northern Afrotemperate Forest (Mucina & Geldenhuys 2006).	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
E60087E6FFB5FFD8FD235576FCD3FC41.taxon	discussion	Remarks Gulella libertas sp. nov. resembles Gulella melvilli (Burnup, 1914), an uncommon species widely distributed in the interior of KwaZulu-Natal. The major differences are that the axial ribs of G. libertas are stronger, rendering the subsutural region crenulate, and there is a prominent tooth in the middle of the columella lip. Gulella sylvia (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1903) from the Eastern Cape has similar apertural dentition, but it is smooth and has a bicuspid columella lamella. Conservation Gulella libertas sp. nov. appears to be a very rare species, known only from the type locality, which is not within a formally protected area. A local, municipal nature reserve, Vryheid Hill Nature Reserve, is nearby and it is likely that the species also occurs there.	en	Cole, Mary L., Herbert, David G. (2023): Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another. European Journal of Taxonomy 900 (1): 1-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2299, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2299/9967
