taxonID	type	description	language	source
A63387A9F254FFEBFF30FADBE9D5FEA8.taxon	description	Index Fungorum number: IF 563362 (FIGURE 2) Colonies saprobic sooty mold-like, growing on leaves of Carica papaya L. Thallus dark brown to black, dense, easily removed from the host, composed of dark brown to brown, septate hyphae (FIGURE 2 a, b). Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Pycnidia 230 – 312 × 25 – 40 μm (x = 278 × 32 μm, n = 10), scattered or gregarious, blackish brown or slightly greenish, synnematous in structure, ovoid to flask-shaped, elongate, somewhat branched, comprising mostly cylindrical cell, with slight swollen or flattened base (FIGURE 2 d, f, g). Ostiole surrounded by hyaline hyphae (FIGURE 2 e), upper cylindric region tapering to apex. Conidia 3.9 – 5.6 × 1.9 – 2.7 μm (x = 4.6 × 2.3 μm, n = 15), ellipsoidal, smooth, round ends, hyaline, produced within the base of pycnidia, gathering in a terminal droplet on ostiole (FIGURE 2 h).	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F254FFEBFF30FADBE9D5FEA8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THAILAND, Payao Province, on living leaf of Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), 29 October 2022, N Suwannarach SDBR-CMUPPY 01.1 = CMUB 40023, living culture SDBR-CMU 477.	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F254FFEBFF30FADBE9D5FEA8.taxon	discussion	Notes: Our sooty mold collection was found on living leaves of Carica papaya. On a single leaf specimen, we observed 2 – 3 carcasses of aphids and scale insects. However, it remains challenging to definitively identify which of these insects serves as the primary source of sugar excretions, which are nutritional resources for Capnodium coartatum. In phylogenetic analysis (FIGURE 1), our strain (SDBR-CMU 477) grouped with other strains of Ca. coartatum (CPC 1779, MLFUCC 10 - 0070, and MLFUCC 10 - 0069), with 70 % ML and 0.93 PP support (FIGURE 1). Our strain (SDBR-CMU 477) is morphologically identical to Ca. coartatum. However, it has shorter and slightly thinner pycnidia compared to the type material of Ca. coartatum described by Chomnunti et al. (2011) (230 – 312 × 25 – 40 vs. 332 – 401 × 34 – 56 μm). All these specimens have longer pycnidia than those of CPC 1779, identified as Ca. coartatum by Abdollahzadeh et al. (2020) (115 – 203 μm high). Moreover, the pycnidia of SDBR-CMU 477 has a blackish brown or slightly greenish color, while the pycnidia of the other strains have been reported as blackish brown pycnidia. Although there are minor variations between our strain and others in the size and color of pycnidia, the multigene-phylogenetic analysis conducted in this study indicates that they are identical. Therefore, our collection is the first report of Ca. coartatum from Carica papaya.	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F254FFE8FF30FD8FEAA3FB57.taxon	description	Index Fungorum number: IF 900896	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F254FFE8FF30FD8FEAA3FB57.taxon	materials_examined	Typification details: Holotype, MFLU 19 - 2888; ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 14 - 0282.	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F254FFE8FF30FD8FEAA3FB57.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Thailand	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F254FFE8FF30FD8FEAA3FB57.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: on living leaves of Ficus sp. (Moraceae)	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F254FFE8FF30FD8FEAA3FB57.taxon	discussion	Originally described as Capnodium paracoartatum Q. Tian, W. J. Li & K. D. Hyde, in Li & Hyde, Fungal Diversity 100: 372 (2020) in Li et al. (2020), Nom. inval., Art. F. 5.1 (Shenzhen). Notes: Capnodium paracoartatum was first introduced by Li et al. (2020). However, it was shown as invalid due to the absence of a required identifier citation, as per ‘ Nom. inval., Art. F. 5.1 Shenzhen’ (Index Fungorum (2023). This species was reported as saprobic on sugary exudates from insects and produced a thallus on the leaf surface. This thallus comprises brown to pale brown, sub-cylindrical, irregularly branched, septate, and constricted at the septa mycelium. The sexual morph of this species is similar to Ca. coartatum and the asexual morph of Ca. paracoartatum differs from Ca. coartatum by its conidial size. Li et al. (2020) mentioned that using conidial size alone is insufficient to distinguish Capnodium species. However, based on phylogenetic analyses, it has been determined that Ca. paracoartatum is a distinct species (Li et al. 2020, FIGURE 1 in this study). Consequently, we hereby validly establish Ca. paracoartatum as a recognized species.	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F257FFE5FF30F9BFE803FF72.taxon	description	Colonies saprobic sooty mold-like, growing on living leaves of Manihot esculenta and Broussonetia papyrifera (FIGURE 3 a, b). Mycelium developing on the surface of the plant leaves, hyaline to brown in color, branching, thin-walled, septate, and constricted at the septa (FIGURE 3 i). Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Pycnidia 220 – 360 × 20 – 55 μm (x = 258 × 38 μm, n = 10) on M. esculenta, and 223 – 280 × 25 – 34 μm (x = 230 × 30 μm, n = 10) on B. papyrifera, superficial, slender or flask-shaped, simple, occur singly or in groups, medium to dark brown, sometimes slightly greenish, synnematous in structure (FIGURE 3 d – f). Ostiole surrounded by hyaline hyphae (FIGURE 3 h), upper cylindrical region tapering to apex. Conidia 4.2 – 6.6 × 2.5 – 3.6 μm (x = 5.9 × 3.0 μm, n = 15) on M. esculenta, and 4.4 – 5.0 × 2.1 – 2.6 μm (x = 4.7 × 2.4 μm, n = 10) on B. papyrifera, oblong to ellipsoid, aseptate, hyaline, with 2 - guttules (FIGURE 3 k, i). Material examined: THAILAND, Payao Province, on living leaf of Manihot esculenta (Solanaceae), 29 October 2022, N Suwannarach SDBR-CMUPTT 01.1 = CMUB 40025, living culture in SDBR-CMU 479; Payao Province, on living leaf of Broussonetia papyrifera (Paper mulberry), 29 October 2022, N Suwannarach SDBR-CMUBPP 01.1 = CMUB 40024, living culture in SDBR-CMU 476. Notes: Our sooty mold collections, SDBR-CMU 476 and SDBR-CMU 479, were found on living leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera, and Manihot esculenta, respectively. We found a few carcasses of aphids on both plant species. In our phylogenetic analyses (FIGURE 1), both strains grouped with other strains of Capnodium gamsii (CBS 892.73, CBS 146153, CBS 146154, CBS 146155, CBS 146156, and MFLUCC 10 - 0066) (76 % ML / 0.97 PP). The morphological characteristics of SDBR-CMU 476 and SDBR-CMU 479 are identical to Ca. gamsii. However, SDBR-CMU 479 has shorter pycnidia (220 – 360 × 20 – 55 μm vs. 210 – 420 × 22 – 35 μm) and larger conidia (4.2 – 6.6 × 2.5 – 3.6 μm vs. 3.6 – 8.1 × 1.6 – 2.9 μm) than those of the type material of Ca. gamsii described by Abdollahzadeh et al. (2020). Furthermore, SDBR-CMU 476 has smaller conidia compared to the type material (4.4 – 5.0 × 2.1 – 2.6 μm vs. 3.6 – 8.1 × 1.6 – 2.9 μm) (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020). In addition, our collection, CMUB 40025 has a darker brown pycnidia, and CMUB 40024 has a slightly greenish to brown pycnidia, while the type material has medium to dark brown pycnidia. Based on the morphology and phylogeny, we identified our collection as Ca. gamsii, and this is the first report of Ca. gamsii from Broussonetia papyrifera and Manihot esculenta.	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F259FFE4FF30FD40EA5BFC21.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THAILAND, Payao Province, on living leaf of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), 4 November 2022, S Hongsanan SDBR-CMUMG 01 = CMUB 40026, living culture SDBR-CMU 478. Notes: Our collection of Conidiocarpus caucasicus (SDBR-CMU 478) was collected in Thailand (Payao Province). We observed 1 – 2 carcasses of aphids on a single leaf of our specimen. The strain SDBR-CMU 478 is morphologically identical to Co. caucasicus in having dark brown, dense, thallus, long-stalked, black to dark brown pycnidia with hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoid conidia (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020). According to our phylogenetic analysis (FIGURE 1), our strain (SDBR-CMU 478) clustered together with Co. asiticus (MFLUCC 10 - 0062), Co. caucasicus (GUMH 937), and Co. siamensis (MFLUCC 10 - 0064 / 10 - 0063). Moreover, our phylogenetic result is consistent with those of Abdollahzadeh et al. (2020), confirming that the strains of Co. asiticus, Co. caucasicus, and Co. siamensis were not well-separated taxa with significant phylogenetical interference. Herein, we synonymized these species under Co. caucasicus giving priority to the oldest name. Furthermore, the strain of Co. siamensis (MFLUCC 10 - 0061) formed a distinct clade with Conidiocarpus sp. (CPC 20464 and CPC 20468) to the basal of Conidiocarpus clade. This may be due to inconsistencies in the availability of gene regions. We observed that the ITS base pair difference between MFLUCC 10 - 0061 strain and other Co. siamensis strains lacks enough phylogenetic significance (1.4 %) to delineate it as a distinct species.	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
A63387A9F258FFE7FF30FA7DEA9CFE1D.taxon	description	Colonies saprobic, sooty mold-like, growing on leaves of Rosa × damascena (Rosaceae) (FIGURE 5 a, b). Thallus, dark mycelium growing cover leave surface, black, pelliculose. Mycelium superficial or immersed, hyaline to brown, branched, hyphae smooth, thin-walled, septate (FIGURE 5 g). Ascomata 90 – 100 high × up to 120 μm diam. (x = 117 × 98 μm, n = 5), scattered, subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal, firmly attached to the radiating basal hyphae, pale brown, thick-walled, with ostiole when mature. Peridium 14 – 18 μm wide, pale to dark brown, cells arranged in a textura angularis (FIGURE 5 f). Asci 38 – 48 × 17 – 27 μm (x = 45 × 23 μm, n = 7), 8 - spored, bitunicate, broadly clavate, with short pedicle, (FIGURE 5 h, i). Ascospores 20 – 23 × 5 – 6.5 μm (x = 22 × 6 μm, n = 10), hyaline, 4 – 5 - septate, fasciculate, cylindric clavate, ends rounded, upper cell slightly wider than the lower cell, smooth-walled, some surrounded by tiny sheath (FIGURE 5 j). Material examined: THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, on living leaves of Rosa × damascena (Rosaceae), 10 October 2022, S Hongsanan SDBR-CMURS 02.1 / 1 = CMUB 40027, living culture in SDBR-CMU 480 Note: Our sooty mold collection (SDBR-CMU 480) was found on living leaves of Rosa × damascena (Rosaceae). We could not identify the primary insect responsible for producing the sugar excretions that serve as nutrition resources for the sooty mold. Instead, we observed 1 – 2 black garden ants moving around the leaves. In the phylogenetic analysis (FIGURE 1), this strain grouped with other strains of Phragmocapnias betle (CPC 17762, CPC 20476, CPC 21379, and MFLUCC 10 - 0053), with 88 % ML / 1.00 PP support. The morphological characteristics of SDBR-CMU 480 are identical to those epitype specimens of Ph. betle described by Chomnunti et al. (2011). However, our strain SDBR-CMU 480 has larger ascomata (90 – 100 × up to 120 μm diam. vs. 82 – 93 × 84 – 105 μm diam.). The size of asci and ascospores in our strain resemble those of the epitype specimen (asci: 38 – 48 × 17 – 27 μm vs. 43 – 53 × 13 – 33 μm, ascospores: 20 – 23 × 5 – 6.5 μm vs. 20 – 24 × 4.8 – 5.8 μm, Chomnunti et al. 2011). Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, we identified our collection as Ph. betle and this is the first report of Ca. coartatum from Rosa × damascena (Rosaceae).	en	Haituk, Supitchakorn Thungdee Sukanya, Withee, Patchareeya, Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Marasinghe, Diana S., Hongsanan, Sinang (2023): Unraveling Capnodiaceae species in Northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 620 (2): 143-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.620.2.2
