taxonID	type	description	language	source
D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Günther (1874); confirmed by Kennedy (1937); Al-Hassan et al. (1989); Hussain et al. (2012). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf. — General distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas (including the Caribbean Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of California / Mexico). — Habitat: The species is demersal and pelagic in tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate waters, both inshore and offshore. The species is euryhaline; it commonly moves into estuarine and fresh waters, where females normally give birth and the young can remain for up to five years. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: CLI, FIT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D76AFD0FFC9D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Jawad et al. (2021). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D76AFD0FFC9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River, west of Iraq. — General distribution: Eastern Atlantic; Europe and the Middle East: Basins of Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and Caspian Sea and adjacent watersheds; introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: Marine habitat for this species includes shallow coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwater, it occurs in deep parts of large rivers with moderate to swift currents and spawns in strong currents (1 – 1.5 m / s) in large and deep rivers on a stone or gravel bottom. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D76AFD0FFC9D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D23AFD0FF9C9.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mutlak et al. (2017). — Iraq materials: MSCUB.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D23AFD0FF9C9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River. — General distribution: North America: central and southern U. S. A. and northern Mexico. Introduced in Iran; Java and Bali (Indonesia). — Habitat: This gar is one of the largest freshwater fishes in North America, inhabiting sluggish pools of large rivers and their bayous, oxbow lakes, swamps, backwaters, and brackish and marine waters along the coast. Feeds on mostly fish and crabs, and occasionally other small vertebrates. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D23AFD0FF9C9.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8098C8D0E1FCEDFEDC.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Hora & Misra (1943). — Iraq materials: BNHM.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8098C8D0E1FCEDFEDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf. — General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to the South China Sea. — Habitat: This species is pelagic and schools in coastal waters, euryhaline waters, and anadromous ascending rivers. Breeds mainly in rivers. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8098C8D0E1FCEDFEDC.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D7FBFD86FBBC.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Qasim et al. (2019). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D7FBFD86FBBC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar, and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U. S. A.), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and Norfolk Island; eastern Pacific: southern California (U. S. A.) south to northern Peru, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador); Mediterranean Sea immigrant. — Habitat: This species is a marine species that enters estuaries and rivers. It is a benthopelagic, amphidromous species that occurs in tropical waters between depths of 1 and 30 m. It is found in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments; it also frequently enters estuaries and occasionally penetrates freshwater streams. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D7FBFD86FBBC.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: COM, FIT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D3A3FEE1F854.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D3A3FEE1F854.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: The Little Zab River in Iraqi Kurdistan. — General distribution: Middle East: Lower Tigris River drainage (Iran) and possibly Kurdistan (Iraq). — Habitat: This species lives in streams and lakes with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D3A3FEE1F854.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D6DAFABDFD0D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Freyhof et al. (2016). — Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D6DAFABDFD0D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Little Zab River. — General distribution: Iraq. — Habitat: This species lives in subterranean caves; it was washed out of an aquifer into an ephemeral spring close to the Kanishok village. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D6DAFABDFD0D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D4FEFD4CFAF1.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Coad (2010). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D4FEFD4CFAF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats with moderately fast-flowing waters, from small hill streams to the shores of large rivers. Also, in stagnant water bodies of reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D4FEFD4CFAF1.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D35AFE15F88D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2022). — Iraq material: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D35AFE15F88D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris river basin. — General distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea, Urmia, Tigris-Euphrates, and Namak Lake basins. — Habitat: This species inhabits fast-flowing streams and rivers with gravel or rocky substrates. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D35AFE15F88D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8298C8D171FE15FE6D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2022). — Iraq material: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8298C8D171FE15FE6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River drainages. — General distribution: Tigris River basin (Türkiye, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in streams with moderately to rapidly flowing freshwater in both mountainous and desert landscapes. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8298C8D171FE15FE6D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D7DFFE0BFC2D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021). — Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D7DFFE0BFC2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates Basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates River and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in streams with moderately flowing streams. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D7DFFE0BFC2D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D21FFE0BF9ED.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW, NRM.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D21FFE0BF9ED.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin and Lesser Zab drainage (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D21FFE0BF9ED.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8D98C8D05FFEE1FF15.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof & Abdullah (2017). — Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8D98C8D05FFEE1FF15.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris basin. — General distribution: Middle East: upper Sirwan drainage, Tigris basin, Kurdistan (Iraq and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing waters of streams and rivers with mud or gravel substrate and low pollution level. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8D98C8D05FFEE1FF15.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D707FEE1FD0D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof & Abdullah (2017). — Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D707FEE1FD0D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris basin. — General distribution: Middle East: upper Sirwan drainage, Tigris basin, Kurdistan (Iraq and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D707FEE1FD0D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D4FFFE0BFB61.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021). — Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D4FFFE0BFB61.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: upper Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq, and Syria). — Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D4FFFE0BFB61.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D2C2FE0BF952.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021). — Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D2C2FE0BF952.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River drainages. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River drainage (Turkey and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D2C2FE0BF952.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8C98C8D0BAFE0BFE49.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2021). — Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8C98C8D0BAFE0BFE49.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Meymeh River drainage, Tigris River basin (Iraq, Iran, and Syria). — Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8C98C8D0BAFE0BFE49.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D7B3FE0BFC41.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof & Geiger (2017). — Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D7B3FE0BFC41.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Lesser Zab drainage. — General distribution: Middle East: Lesser Zab drainage (Iraq), and Marivan (Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in streams with slow to fast-flowing freshwater. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D7B3FE0BFC41.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D5ABFE0BFAB9.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Freyhof et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D5ABFE0BFAB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (Iran and Iraq). — Habitat: This species occurs in streams with slow to fast-flowing freshwater. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D5ABFE0BFAB9.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D3A3FE0BF855.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D3A3FE0BF855.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River. — General distribution: Middle East: Iraq and Turkey. — Habitat: This species occurs in streams with slow to fast-flowing freshwater. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D3A3FE0BF855.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8F98C8D1BEFD86FDD9.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Esmaeili et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8F98C8D1BEFD86FDD9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River drainages. — General distribution: Middle East: upper Euphrates and Tigris watersheds (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits fast-flowing sections of rivers and even very small streams, usually in rapids and riffles with coarse gravel or rocks. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8F98C8D1BEFD86FDD9.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D4FEFC95FBBD.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof (2016). — Iraq materials: MNH 1850.10.21.31 – 35.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D4FEFC95FBBD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River drainage. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River drainage (Iraq and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits large lowland rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D4FEFC95FBBD.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D2AEFE0BF921.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D2AEFE0BF921.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris river basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. Usually absent from standing waters. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D2AEFE0BF921.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to have a significant impact on this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8E98C8D10DFE0BFE6C.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW, SMF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8E98C8D10DFE0BFE6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq). — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of standing and slowly flowing waters such as rivers, springs, marshes, and streams. It seems to be quite tolerant of pollution and inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8E98C8D10DFE0BFE6C.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be serious enough to really impact this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D23BFCE6F9EC.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Karaman (1971). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D23BFCE6F9EC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris-Euphrates system. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates system (Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits lowland rivers, backwaters, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ponds, rarely in fast-flowing waters. It seems to inhabit summerwarm mountain river stretches with fast-flowing water and gravel bottom. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D23BFCE6F9EC.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8998C8D05FFEE1FF39.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW, RMNH.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8998C8D05FFEE1FF39.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates and adjacent basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, from small lowland streams and springs to marshes, lakes, and reservoirs to large and brackish lowland rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8998C8D05FFEE1FF39.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: While there are many threats in the area, none is strong enough to threaten this ubiquitous species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D7DFFD49FC64.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: BMNH, NMW, SMF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D7DFFD49FC64.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: only known from a Karst system, Euphrates River basin — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates River basin, Iraq. — Habitat: This species is a subterranean species. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D7DFFD49FC64.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D723FE0BFD31.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed et al. (2016). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D723FE0BFD31.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (southwestern Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of streams, rivers, and lakes, including reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D723FE0BFD31.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D58EFD0FFACD.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Ali (1985). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D58EFD0FFACD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — General distribution: East Asia: China and Japan; introduced widely elsewhere; many cultivated goldfish varieties. — Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D58EFD0FFACD.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D33EFD0FF8E9.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Jawad et al. (2012); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D33EFD0FF8E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — General distribution: Eurasia: Eastern Europe, Russia to northeastern China; introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater, brackish.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D33EFD0FF8E9.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8898C8D155FCEDFE6C.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW, RMNH.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8898C8D155FCEDFE6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seems to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8898C8D155FCEDFE6C.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8B98C8D056FD49FF15.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW, ZMB, BNHM.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8B98C8D056FD49FF15.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems and rivers (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits Found in streams. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8B98C8D056FD49FF15.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT, FIT, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D7DFFA8CFC08.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW, RMNH.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D7DFFA8CFC08.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River systems. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seems to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D7DFFA8CFC08.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area none strong enough to impact this species seriously. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D5F3FD0FFA00.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Introduced by the government of Iraq during the period 1960 – 1972 (Jawad, 2003); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D5F3FD0FFA00.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins and translocated somewhere. — General distribution: Western Europe (native to the Black Sea basin, possibly also Caspian and Aral seas basins), widely introduced worldwide, also many multicolor varieties. — Habitat: This species inhabits Warm, deep, slow-flowing, and still waters, such as lowland rivers and large, well-vegetated lakes. Introduced in all types of water bodies. Spawns along shores or in backwaters. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D5F3FD0FFA00.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D707FD74FD31.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: Baghdad Natural History Museum.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D707FD74FD31.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq). — Habitat: This species inhabits Mountain and piedmont zones in streams and small rivers with fast, clear, and well oxygenated water and gravel substrate. In lowlands usually most common in small streams and absent from large rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D707FD74FD31.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D51AFEE1FB05.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Banister & Bunni (1980). — Iraq materials: BMNH.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D51AFEE1FB05.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River drainage. — General distribution: Euphrates River system, Iraq. — Habitat: This species is A cave-dwelling species. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D51AFEE1FB05.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D2F6FCEDF8C5.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Coad (2010); confirmed by Agha et al. (2023). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D2F6FCEDF8C5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River drainage. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Levant, Mesopotamia, and southeastern Anatolia (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Jordan). — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies at least seasonally with gravel or running water. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D2F6FCEDF8C5.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8A98C8D136FE0BFE34.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843); subsequently reported by Agha et al. (2023). — Iraq materials: NMW, SMF.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8A98C8D136FE0BFE34.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Iran, Iraq, and Turkey). — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of waterbodies from small headwater streams down to large lowland rivers, marshes, lakes and reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8A98C8D136FE0BFE34.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be strong enough to threaten this ubiquitous species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D427FABDFC2C.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1847). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D427FABDFC2C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris river basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran); Zoreh, Mond, and Kol river basins (Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies at least seasonally with gravel or running water. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D427FABDFC2C.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D216FEE1FA1D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D216FEE1FA1D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in large rivers and reservoirs from which they migrate to inflowing rivers to spawn. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D216FEE1FA1D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: FIT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D00EFB47F871.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D00EFB47F871.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits large to medium sized rivers but habitats are poorly known. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D00EFB47F871.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but it is unknown how and if the species is affected. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D692FD86FD69.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D692FD86FD69.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River system. — General distribution: Euphrates River and Orontes River system in Turkey and Syria; Mediterranean watersheds. — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of rivers and larger streams and also occurs in reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing streams and rivers for spawning. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D692FD86FD69.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, especially in Asi drainage where this species has lost major part of its range due to massive pollution and water abstraction. However, these threats are not strong enough all over the range to really affect this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D4D2FD86FBBD.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Günther (1868). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D4D2FD86FBBD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates river system. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits large, freeflowing lowland rivers and migrates short distances to breed. Rarely recorded from lakes and reservoirs, which seem to represent largely unsuitable habitats. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D4D2FD86FBBD.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D2AEFD86F959.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D2AEFD86F959.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris river systems. — General distribution: sia Minor and Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates, and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species is found in large lowland rivers, lakes, and marshes. Also, in reservoirs from which it migrates to inflowing rivers to spawn. Spawns on gravel substrate in shallows of large rivers in water depths of 30 – 150 cm. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D2AEFD86F959.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: HAB, CON, ABS, EUT. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9498C8D0C5FC95FEDC.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Günther (1874). — Iraq materials: BMNH.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9498C8D0C5FC95FEDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River system. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River system (Iraq, Iran). — Habitat: The species occurs in large rivers, lakes, and marshes, mostly in standing waters and marshes with dense vegetation. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9498C8D0C5FC95FEDC.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, COM, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D74EFCEDFCF8.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Coad (2010) as Capoeta barroisi. — Iraq material: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D74EFCEDFCF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Seyhan, Ceyhan, Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river basins. — General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: eastern Mediterranean watersheds, Tigris River and Gulf basins (Iraq, Syria, and Türkiye). — Habitat: This species inhabits mostly lakes, reservoirs, and larger lowland rivers. Most likely, they migrate to rivers or streams to spawn. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D74EFCEDFCF8.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D562FAE6FA00.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843); subsequently reported by Agha et al. (2023). — Iraq materials: NMW, RMNH.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D562FAE6FA00.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, at least seasonally connected to running waters in which it spawns. Most abundant in lowland rivers, but also very common in reservoirs and marshes, and commonly found in streams in slow current sections. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D562FAE6FA00.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: While there are many threats in the area, none is so serious to threaten this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9798C8D0A7FE23FF39.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Berg (1932). — Iraq materials: ZIN.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9798C8D0A7FE23FF39.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Persis River basins (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits the upper water column close to the surface of small to large rivers with slow to moderate current. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9798C8D0A7FE23FF39.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: CLI, CON, ABS, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D797FD0FFC9D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Introduced by the Government of Iraq in 1968 to culture it in ponds (Coad, 2010); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D797FD0FFC9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Introduce somewhere. — General distribution: East Asia: China and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: This species conducts its spawning and overwintering in middle and lower stretches of large floodplain rivers (below 1,000 m altitude), within lakes, reservoirs, and backwaters during feeding season, preferring warm, clear water and high oxygen concentration. It is tolerant of a wide range of environmental variables. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D797FD0FFC9D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D58FFD0FFAB9.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Coad & Hussain (2007); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014); Abdullah & Abdullah (2018). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D58FFD0FFAB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River. — General distribution: East Asia; introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: This species is usually found in large and medium-sized rivers in shallow water over sandy bottoms, but sometimes occurs in pools along the bed of mountain streams; also abundant in ponds, lakes, and the backwaters of rivers. It is highly tolerant of water pollution. Freshwater, brackish.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D58FFD0FFAB9.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D3A3FD0FF879.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Introduced by the government of Iraq in 1968 (Jawad, 2003) and recorded from Shatt al-Arab River by Al-Hassan (1994); Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D3A3FD0FF879.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Introduce somewehere in Tigris and Euphrates rivers drainages. — General distribution: Asia: East Asia: Yangtze River basin, China and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: In its natural range, this species migrates upstream for spawning; eggs and larva float downstream to floodplain zones. An active species well known for its habit of leaping clear of the water when disturbed. Swims just beneath the water’s surface. Very sensitive to low temperatures (below 5 ° C) and oxygen deficits. It feeds on phytoplankton and zooplankton. Freshwater, brackish.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D3A3FD0FF879.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D51AFD25FA95.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D51AFD25FA95.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates, Tigris, and Orontes river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: Very ubiquitous species inhabit all kinds of lowland water bodies with standing or slowly flowing waters such as larger streams, rivers, springs, marshes, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as in moderately polluted water bodies. Usually absent from fast flowing and cold mountain streams. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D51AFD25FA95.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats throughout the large distribution area of this species, but none is serious enough to impact major parts of the populations. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D386FD74F88D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D386FD74F88D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River drainages. — General distribution: Asia Minor: Euphrates River [Firat Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Mardin Province (Turkey). — Habitat: This species is frequently found in slow-moving water. The species prefers the mid- and foothill zones of rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D386FD74F88D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D692FD0FFDFD.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Introduced by the government of Iraq in 1968 (Jawad 2003). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D692FD0FFDFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Introduce somewehere in Tigris and Euphrates rivers drainages. — General distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River basin (China); widely introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: This species occurs in both fast-running and standing streams in mainly shallow but also deep areas. It is an omnivore and is thought to have a moderate tolerance for habitat degradation. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D692FD0FFDFD.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9198C8D17EFE23FDFD.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9198C8D17EFE23FDFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris, Euphrates, and Qweik River drainages. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris, Euphrates, and Qweik River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in streams, rivers, and lakes with moderate to slow currents. Also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9198C8D17EFE23FDFD.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area inhabited by this species but none is so strong to considerably impact the global population of this fish. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D46FFEE1FAF1.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D46FFEE1FAF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River drainages. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates, Tigris, Zoreh, Persis, and Hormuz River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in lakes, reservoirs, and all kinds of streams and rivers, from the cold Anatolian Highlands down to the subtropical Shatt al Arab and Iranian Gulf Rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D46FFEE1FAF1.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but this species is very resistant and can cope with most of them. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D35BFAAEF8B1.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1078) as Chondrochilus regius. — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D35BFAAEF8B1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River drainage. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from medium-sized streams to large lowland rivers. Inhabits marshes and reservoirs, from which it migrates to rivers and streams to spawn. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D35BFAAEF8B1.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none serious enough to threaten this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9098C8D19AFD86FDD9.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9098C8D19AFD86FDD9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Migrates from lakes and reservoirs into inflowing rivers or streams to spawn. Sensitive to pollution. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9098C8D19AFD86FDD9.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: EUT, FIT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D443FEE1FBF5.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D443FEE1FBF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in small to medium-sized streams, mostly in mountains and hilly areas. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D443FEE1FBF5.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to significant impact this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D267FEE1F9ED.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D267FEE1F9ED.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Asi Nehri (Orontes), Quwayq, Euphrates, and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species occurs in large to medium-sized rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D267FEE1F9ED.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, non seem to be serious enough to strongly impact this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9398C8D102FD0FFE81.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Jawad and Qasim (2019). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9398C8D102FD0FFE81.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Introduce somewehere in Tigris and Euphrates rivers drainages. — General distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). — Habitat: This species occurs usually in small groups of up to 20 individuals, which appear to have a definite range within a pond or a creek. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9398C8D102FD0FFE81.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D2CBFE0BF8C5.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mahdi (1962); confirmed by Al-Nasiri & Shamsul Hoda (1976), Nader & Jawdat (1977). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D2CBFE0BF8C5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf. — General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia) and New Caledonia; eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). — Habitat: This species is an estuarine dependent species found mainly on sandy and muddy grounds in shallow coastal waters. Brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D2CBFE0BF8C5.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D46FFD0FFBF5.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Qasim & Jawad (2022). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D46FFD0FFBF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru). Introduced in Italy, Turkey, and Asia; established in Florida and Puerto Rico (U. S. A.), Central America (Guatemala, Costa Rica), Colombia and Sri Lanka. — Habitat: This species preferably inhabits quiet, shallow waters in mud-bottomed and sand-bottomed canals and ponds. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D46FFD0FFBF5.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9298C8D19AFD86FDA1.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Günther (1874). — Iraq materials: Fish collection of the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9298C8D19AFD86FDA1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits larger rivers, marshes, reservoirs, and lakes. Feeds on invertebrates and small fish. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9298C8D19AFD86FDA1.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D547FE0BFAF1.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Berg (1931); confirmed by Coad (2010). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D547FE0BFAF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris-Euphrates River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates River basin, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. — Habitat: This is a freshwater species that occurs in slow-running and standing streams Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D547FE0BFAF1.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D35BFE0BF8C5.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Berg (1931); confirmed by Coad (2010). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D35BFE0BF8C5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris-Euphrates River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates River basin, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. — Habitat: This is a freshwater species that occurs in slow-running and standing streams. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D35BFE0BF8C5.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9D98C8D12EFE0BFE48.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021 b). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9D98C8D12EFE0BFE48.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Great Zab River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: upper Tigris and Great Zab River basins, Turkey and Iraq. — Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast-running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9D98C8D12EFE0BFE48.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D7B3FC85FC08.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Berg, 1931; confirmed by Jawad et al. (2009) (Garraf River a branch of Euphrates River). — Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D7B3FC85FC08.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast-running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D7B3FC85FC08.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CON, HAB. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D5F3FE0BFA5C.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Pietschmann (1913). — Iraq materials: NMW.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D5F3FE0BFA5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates River basins, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. — Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast-running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D5F3FE0BFA5C.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9C98C8D033FD0FFF14.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Khamees et al. (2013); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9C98C8D033FD0FFF14.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River. — General distribution: Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong basin, and Chao Phraya, Thailand; introduced elsewhere in southern Asia, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico (U. S. A.). — Habitat: This species inhabits the main channels and floodplains of large rivers and seasonally moves up to floodplains and marshland for feeding and nursing. It is an omnivore, feeding primarily on algae, plants, zooplankton, insects, fruits, crustaceans, and fish. It Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9C98C8D033FD0FFF14.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D76BFD86FC40.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by anecdotal reports of S. glanis in an unspecified locality in Iraq exist; confirmed by Jawad et al. (2020). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D76BFD86FC40.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: unspecified locality in Iraq exists. — General distribution: North America; Eastern Europe to central Asia. Widely introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: This species inhabits large and medium-sized lowland rivers, backwaters, and well-vegetated lakes. Spawns in shallow, warm, and well vegetated riverine habitats without current. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D76BFD86FC40.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D5ABFCEDFA24.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW, SMF, Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D5ABFCEDFA24.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins. — General distribution: Middle East: Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. — Habitat: This species inhabits large rivers, marshes, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D5ABFCEDFA24.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area affection this species but none seem to be strong enough to let the species decline so fast, that it qualifies for a threat category. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9F98C8D07AFD0FFE6D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Khalaf (1961). This species has been introduced in Iraq in late 1950 s (Jawad, 2015) and Al-Hassan & Muhsin (1986) from the marine waters of Iraq; confirmed by Al-Hassan & Muhsin (1986); Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9F98C8D07AFD0FFE6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River. — General distribution: South Asia: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos and? China. Introduced in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. — Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater and, rarely, brackish waters as well. This is primarily a fish of ponds, ditches, creeks, swamps, and marshes, but it is sometimes found in muddy rivers. Its air-breathing apparatus enables it to exist in almost any kind of water quality. Generally, during the dry season, it lives in semi-liquid and semi-dry mud, and, even when the mud dries, they take their bodies to the bottom of the fissures and crevices formed by the cracking mud. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9F98C8D07AFD0FFE6D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F9A48D3CFFB1EF855.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed & Abood (2017 a). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F9A48D3CFFB1EF855.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: Northwest Indian Ocean: East coast of Africa, Persian Gulf and Oman east to India. Occurrence in Indonesia and Mauritius needs verification. — Habitat: This species is a demersal, amphidromous, and amphibious species that inhabits the marine, brackish, and estuarine waters of intertidal mudflats. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F9A48D3CFFB1EF855.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are no major threats known to impact this species at a global scale. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F98C8D4D3FE57FAF1.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Abdulrahman et al. 2017; confirmed by Jawad et al. 2019. — Iraq materials: Fish collection at the Marine Science Cente, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F98C8D4D3FE57FAF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: This species is mostly cultured cold-water fish. Can not be breeding in the wild water. Therefore, can find around fish farming facility are established in suitable habitats. — General distribution: North Pacific and adjacent basins; widely introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: This species usually occurs in cold streams, rivers, and lakes, but is also found in various habitats. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F98C8D4D3FE57FAF1.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F98C8D4D3FE57FAF1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This specie does not reproduce naturally in the wild. It may be locally present due to specimens escaping from fish farms.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D5AAFD86FAB9.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mahdi (1962); confirmed by Jawad et al. (2016). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D5AAFD86FAB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River drainages. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River, Kor River, and Persian Gulf basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from reservoirs and large rivers to small mountain streams. Often very abundant in rapids and riffles. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D5AAFD86FAB9.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: EUT. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D692FD86FD45.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Khalaf (1961); confirmed by Mohamed & Abood (2017 a). — Iraq materials: RMNH.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D692FD86FD45.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan. — Habitat: This species is a demersal species that occurs in brackish to marine waters and is found in open mudflats and nearby stunted mangroves. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D692FD86FD45.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: EUT, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9998C8D05EFD0FFF14.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Jawad et al. (2022) from one of the branches of the Euphrates River to the east of Barnun city, ca. 5 km to the NW of Hilla city in Babylon Province in central Iraq. — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9998C8D05EFD0FFF14.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River. — General distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, and Peru. Introduced elsewhere, including southern Florida and Puerto Rico (U. S. A.). — Habitat: This species prefers to inhabit quiet, shallow waters in mud-bottomed and sand-bottomed canals and ponds. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9998C8D05EFD0FFF14.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D707FD0FFC9C.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Saleh (2007) (Tigris River); Al-Saadi et al. (2012) (Euphrates River); confirmed by confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014); Jawad et al. (2018) (Shatt al-Arab River). — Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D707FD0FFC9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: North Africa: Morocco east to Egypt, south to Nigeria and Central African Republic; Middle East: Syria south to Israel and Jordan. Introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperature (below 10 – 13 oC) is restricted for distribution. Freshwater, brackish.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D707FD0FFC9C.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D58FFD0FFAB8.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mutlak & Al-Faisal (2009); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: MSCUB.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D58FFD0FFAB8.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River. — General distribution: Middle East and Africa. Introduced widely elsewhere. — Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperature (below 10 – 13 oC) is restricted for distribution. Freshwater, brackish.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D58FFD0FFAB8.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D39AFD0FF839.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Al-Faisal & Mutlak (2014); confirmed by Mohamed and Al-Wan (2020) — Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D39AFD0FF839.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River. — General distribution: North Africa and East Africa. Widely introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperature (below 10 – 13 oC) is restricted for distribution. Freshwater, brackish.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D39AFD0FF839.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D7B2FD0FFC2D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by the government of Iraq during 1950 s to combat malaria); confirmed by Jawad (2003); Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D7B2FD0FFC2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Widespread all basins of Iraq. — General distribution: North America: Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages, eastern USA; widely introduced elsewhere for mosquito control. — Habitat: This species often occurs in shallow, often stagnant ponds and the shallow edges of lakes and streams where predatory fishes are largely absent and temperatures are high. Freshwater, brackish.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D7B2FD0FFC2D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D21EFD0FFA25.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Kennedy (1937); confirmed by Hussain et al. (2009); Al-Faisal et al. (2014). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D21EFD0FFA25.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Somewhere Tigris and Euphrates River drainages. — General distribution: North America: southeastern U. S. A. south to Tuxpan (Veracruz, Mexico); introduced widely elsewhere. — Habitat: This species lives in springs, lakes, and ponds; backwaters and pools of streams; drainage ditches; and salt marshes. Freshwater, brackish.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D21EFD0FFA25.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9B98C8D07DFEE1FE6C.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Unknown introduction; confirmed by Freyhof et al. (2021 a). — Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9B98C8D07DFEE1FE6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Oman and Persian Gulf. — General distribution: Middle East, South Asia: Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan and Gujarat (India). — Habitat: This species lives in euyhyaline, inshore habitats with dense structures of vegetation or stones. Also common in coral reefs in the Red Sea and widely distributed in the lower parts of rivers, streams, and all kinds of inland water bodies, especially if these have brackish waters. They can also be found in freshwater environments. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9B98C8D07DFEE1FE6C.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D267FD25F9B4.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mahdi (1971); confirmed by Jawad (2021). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D267FD25F9B4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf. — General distribution: Nearly circumglobal in temperate and tropical seas and estuaries (including Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sea of Japan); introduced elsewhere. — Habitat: This is a euryhaline, pelagic nearshore species that sometimes forages in lagoons, estuaries, and lower courses of rivers and can tolerate freshwater. It inhabits inshore marine waters, estuaries, lagoons, and rivers, where it can tolerate wide ranges of temperature and salinity. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D267FD25F9B4.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: No major threats known. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D7DFFAD9FC40.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843). — Iraq materials: NMW.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D7DFFAD9FC40.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin. — General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (southern Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, streams, lakes, and rivers. Freshwater.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D7DFFAD9FC40.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be strong enough to threaten this species. — High sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Decreasing. — High priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9A98C8D0A7FD86FE49.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843); confirmed by Al-Hassan et al. (1989). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9A98C8D0A7FD86FE49.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River drainages. — General distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and adjacent Euphrates and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). — Habitat: This is a freshwater mullet, found in streams, rivers, drains, channels, canals, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, including fish farms. It is found in schools. It is found in surface waters and the submerged vegetation of lakes and marshes, preferring a gentle flow of water, and it enters deeper waters in cold winters. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9A98C8D0A7FD86FE49.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: CLI, EUT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D7B3FE0BFC09.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed & Hameed (2019). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D7B3FE0BFC09.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar, and Persian Gulf east to India; immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea through Suez Canal (Red Sea immigrant). — Habitat: This species occurs in shallow coastal waters and in brackish and freshwater regions of rivers. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D7B3FE0BFC09.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered as a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D5F3FE0BFA25.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Hussain et al. (2009); confirmed by Abood (2010). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D5F3FE0BFA25.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf watersheds. — General distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Mumbai (India). — Habitat: This species inhabits coral reefs and occurs in coastal waters in marine, freshwater, and brackish habitats. It forms schools in shallow coastal waters and enters lagoons, marshes, estuaries, and the lower courses of rivers to feed. Brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D5F3FE0BFA25.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Moderate sensitivity to human activities. — Keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Moderate priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FFA598C8D017FC56FF39.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FFA598C8D017FC56FF39.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar, and eastern Mascarenes (Rodrigues) east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea and Osumi Islands (southern Japan), south to New Caledonia, Aitutaki (Cook Islands) and Austral Islands (French Polynesia). — Habitat: This species occurs in shallow coastal waters and in brackish and freshwater regions of rivers. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FFA598C8D017FC56FF39.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: There are no known major threats to this species. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Stable. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D723FCACFC2D.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Al-Nasiri et al. (1976); confirmed by Al-Hassan & Madhi (1987). — Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D723FCACFC2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf watersheds. — General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and kwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf and Socotra (Yemen) east to Philippines, Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. — Habitat: This species inhabits coral reefs and occurs in coastal waters in marine, freshwater, and brackish habitats. It forms schools in shallow coastal waters and enters lagoons, marshes, estuaries, and the lower courses of rivers to feed. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D723FCACFC2D.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, EUT, FIT, TOU. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D2CAFE0BF959.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed & Abood (2017 a). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D2CAFE0BF959.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Persian Gulf, and Madagascar east to Philippines, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). — Habitat: This species inhabits coastal and brackish waters. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D2CAFE0BF959.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: NE (2023). — Threats: Unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA498C8D0C5FD86FEA5.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed and Abood (2017 a). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA498C8D0C5FD86FEA5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Philippines and Rotuma (Fiji), north to Korea and central Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (immigrant through Suez Canal). — Habitat: This species inhabits coastal and brackish waters. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA498C8D0C5FD86FEA5.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: Threats are unknown. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D7FBFE0BFC65.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed & Abood (2017 a). — Iraq materials: None.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D7FBFE0BFC65.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River. — General distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Pakistan and India. — Habitat: This species occurs throughout the gulf in shallow waters. Brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D7FBFE0BFC65.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: FIT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D5D7FD86F9ED.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Hora & Misra (1943) confirmed by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi (1962), Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Al-Dubaikel (1986), Al-Hassan et al. (1989) — Iraq materials: Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D5D7FD86F9ED.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River drainages. — General distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to Malaysia and Singapore. — Habitat: This species is an estuarine-dependent species that is found mainly on sandy and muddy grounds in shallow coastal waters to depths of 50 m and rarely enters freshwaters. Juveniles inhabit protected bays and estuaries. It feeds on invertebrates, including worms, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms, and small fish. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D5D7FD86F9ED.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: FIT, HAB. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA798C8D0C3FE0BFE49.taxon	discussion	Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Al-Nasiri & Shamsul Hoda (1975).; confirmed by Jawad et al. (2021). — Iraq materials:	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA798C8D0C3FE0BFE49.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf. — General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Korea and central Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. — Habitat: This species is usually found in estuaries, harbors, mangrove sloughs, and the lower reaches of freshwater streams, especially those with high mineral concentrations. This species feeds on benthic algae, plant matter, and small benthic invertebrates. Freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA798C8D0C3FE0BFE49.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown. — IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023). — Threats: FIT. — Low sensitivity to human activities. — Not considered a keystone species. — Decline status: Unknown. — Low priority for conservation action.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D692FA84FEA5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was reported by Mousavi-Sabet et al. (2019) from Tigris River. 34 ° 33 ′ 0.39 ′′ N, 045 ° 46 ′ 20.02 ′′ E) and from the Ghuretu Stream where it enters the reservoir (34 ° 32 ′ 42.11 ′′ N, 45 ° 47 ′ 33.59 ′′ E) (both about 1.5 - 3.5 km away from the cage-culture farm within the reservoir) in the Tigris-Euphrates basin, Kermanshah Province, western Iran, at the border of Iraq. Its presence and establishment success in Iraq should be confirmed by specimen.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D7B2FE0DFD69.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Alburnoides bipunctatus was reported from Iraq by Coad (2010). However, Iraq is not in the natural distribution of the species. This record refers one of recently identified species in this region. Alburnoides diclensis was identified from the Eziki stream, Tigris River drainage, Hakkari Province, Turkey. It has not yet been recorded from Iraq; it is, however, distributed in transboundary waters. Therefore, the presence of the species should be clarified by a field sample.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D4FEFF20FC65.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was identified from Stream Bouein-Sofla, Iran. It has not yet been recorded from Iraq; it is, however, distributed in transboundary waters. Therefore, the presence of the species should be clarified by a field sample.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D5F2FDF8FB61.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was identified from Stream Zemkan, Kermanshah Province, Iran. This species has not yet been recorded from Iraq; it is, however, distributed in transboundary waters. Therefore, the presence of the species should be clarified by a field sample.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D2F6FA93FA01.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was reported by Mosavi-Sabet et al. (2019) from Tigris River. 34 ° 33 ′ 0.39 ′′ N, 045 ° 46 ′ 20.02 ′′ E) and from the Ghuretu Stream where it enters the reservoir (34 ° 32 ′ 42.11 ′′ N, 45 ° 47 ′ 33.59 ′′ E) (both about 1.5 - 3.5 km away from the cage-culture farm within the reservoir) in the Tigris-Euphrates basin, Kermanshah Province, western Iran, at the border of Iraq. Its presence and establishment success in Iraq should be confirmed by a specimen.	en	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
