identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855.text	D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes 1839)	<div><p>Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839) [N]—Bull shark</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Carcharias (Prionodon) leucas Valenciennes, 1839: 42 [Antilles, western Atlantic; syntypes: (4) MNHN A-9650 (1, dry), A-9652 (1, dry), uncat. (2, lost)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Compagno (1984: 478).—Illustration: photo of teeth in Hussain et al. (2012).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Günther (1874); confirmed by Kennedy (1937); Al-Hassan et al. (1989); Hussain et al. (2012).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf.—General distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas (including the Caribbean Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of California/ Mexico).—Habitat: The species is demersal and pelagic in tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate waters, both inshore and offshore. The species is euryhaline; it commonly moves into estuarine and fresh waters, where females normally give birth and the young can remain for up to five years. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: CLI, FIT, HAB.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D76AFD0FFC9D.text	D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D76AFD0FFC9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg 1833	<div><p>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt &amp; Ratzeburg, 1833 [I]—Russian sturgeon</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt &amp; Ratzeburg, 1833: 13, Pl. 3 (figs. 2, 2A–E) [Caspian Sea and tributaries; Black Sea; no types known].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1948: 78).—Illustration: Kottelat &amp; Freyhof (2007: 51, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Jawad et al. (2021).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River, west of Iraq.—General distribution: Eastern Atlantic; Europe and the Middle East: Basins of Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and Caspian Sea and adjacent watersheds; introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: Marine habitat for this species includes shallow coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwater, it occurs in deep parts of large rivers with moderate to swift currents and spawns in strong currents (1–1.5 m /s) in large and deep rivers on a stone or gravel bottom. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D76AFD0FFC9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D23AFD0FF9C9.text	D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D23AFD0FF9C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atractosteus spatula (Lacepede 1803)	<div><p>Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède, 1803) [I]—Alligator gar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Lepisosteus spatula Lacepède, 1803: 331, 334, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [No locality (North America); holotype: MNHN 0000-5804 (dry, mounted)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Grande (2010: 292).—Illustration: Lacepède (1803: 331, 334, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) as Lepisosteus spatula; Mutlak et al. (2017).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mutlak et al. (2017).—Iraq materials: MSCUB.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River.—General distribution: North America: central and southern U.S.A. and northern Mexico. Introduced in Iran; Java and Bali (Indonesia).—Habitat: This gar is one of the largest freshwater fishes in North America, inhabiting sluggish pools of large rivers and their bayous, oxbow lakes, swamps, backwaters, and brackish and marine waters along the coast. Feeds on mostly fish and crabs, and occasionally other small vertebrates. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFAFFF8198C8D23AFD0FF9C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAFFF8098C8D0E1FCEDFEDC.text	D65887E4FFAFFF8098C8D0E1FCEDFEDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton 1822)	<div><p>Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) [N]—Hilsa</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Clupanodon ilisha Hamilton, 1822: 243, 382, Pl. 19 (fig. 73). [Ganges estuaries, Patua, Goyakarra, Calcutta, and Dhasa, India; no types known].— Iraq synonyms: Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822).—Revisions: Whitehead (1985: 222).—Illustration: Whitehead (1985: 222, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Hora &amp; Misra (1943).—Iraq materials: BNHM.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf.—General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to the South China Sea.—Habitat: This species is pelagic and schools in coastal waters, euryhaline waters, and anadromous ascending rivers. Breeds mainly in rivers. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFAFFF8098C8D0E1FCEDFEDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D7FBFD86FBBC.text	D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D7FBFD86FBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chanos chanos (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Chanos chanos (Fabricius, 1775) [N]—Milkfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil chanos Fabricius in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775: 74, xiv [Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea (not Mediterranean Sea); holotype: ZMUC P17154 (dry skin)].—Iraq synonyms: None.— Revisions: None.—Illustration: Randall (2005: 60, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Qasim et al. (2019).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar, and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and Norfolk Island; eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to northern Peru, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador); Mediterranean Sea immigrant.— Habitat: This species is a marine species that enters estuaries and rivers. It is a benthopelagic, amphidromous species that occurs in tropical waters between depths of 1 and 30 m. It is found in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments; it also frequently enters estuaries and occasionally penetrates freshwater streams. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: COM, FIT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D7FBFD86FBBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D3A3FEE1F854.text	D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D3A3FEE1F854.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof 2015	<div><p>Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger &amp; Freyhof, 2015 [N]—Zagros spined loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger &amp; Freyhof, 2015: 562, figs. 3–7 [Hamedan Province, Gamasiab River at Dehno, a tributary to Karkheh, 34°10’15”N, 48°21’19”E, altitude 1610 meters, Iran; holotype: GUIC CC1462MA].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Mousavi-Sabet et al. (2015: 562, figs. 3–7).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: The Little Zab River in Iraqi Kurdistan.—General distribution: Middle East: Lower Tigris River drainage (Iran) and possibly Kurdistan (Iraq).—Habitat: This species lives in streams and lakes with clear water and bottoms with sand or fine gravel. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFAEFF8098C8D3A3FEE1F854	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D6DAFABDFD0D.text	D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D6DAFABDFD0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eidinemacheilus proudlovei Freyhof, Abdullah, Ararat, Ibrahim & Geiger 2016	<div><p>Eidinemacheilus proudlovei Freyhof, Abdullah, Ararat, Ibrahim &amp; Geiger, 2016</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Eidinemacheilus proudlovei Freyhof, Abdullah, Ararat, Ibrahim &amp; Geiger, 2016: 228, figs. 2–6, 7A [Subterranean waters, Little Zab River, Sulaimani province, ephemeral spring in the Tabeen Gorge at the slope of the northernmost Piramagrun mountain, about 800 m east of the village Kanishok, 35°50’3.40”N, 45°6’22.14”E, Iraq; holotype: ZFMK-ICH 102318].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2016: 228, figs. 2–6, 7A).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Freyhof et al. (2016).—Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Little Zab River.—General distribution: Iraq.—Habitat: This species lives in subterranean caves; it was washed out of an aquifer into an ephemeral spring close to the Kanishok village. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D6DAFABDFD0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D4FEFD4CFAF1.text	D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D4FEFD4CFAF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel 1847)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel, 1847) [N]—Two spot loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis argyrogramma Heckel, 1847: 239, Pl. 18 (fig. 3) [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 48541 (8), 59913 (4)].— Iraq synonyms: Barbatula argyrogrammus (Heckel, 1847); Noemacheilus tschaiyssuensis Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964; Nemacheilus tschaiyssuensis Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964; Orthrias tschaiyssuensis (Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964); Oxynoemacheilus tschaiyssuensis (Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964).—Revisions: Prokofiev (2009: 888 as O. argyrogrammus).—Illustration: Heckel (1847: 239, Pl. 18 (fig. 3)) as Cobitis argyrogramma.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Coad (2010).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats with moderately fast-flowing waters, from small hill streams to the shores of large rivers. Also, in stagnant water bodies of reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI.— Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D4FEFD4CFAF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D35AFE15F88D.text	D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D35AFE15F88D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin 1934)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin, 1934)</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Nemachilus bergianus Derjavin, 1934: 109, fig. 8 [Kisum village, Shah-rud River, Safid Rud basin, Iran; holotype (unique): ZIN 25433].— Iraq synonyms: Nemacheilus bergianus Derjavin, 1934; Orthrias bergianus (Derjavin, 1934); Barbatula erdali Erk’akan, Nalbant &amp; Özeren, 2007; Oxynoemacheilus erdali (Erk’akan, Nalbant &amp; Özeren, 2007).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Sayyadzadeh et al. (2016), Freyhof et al. (2022).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2022).—Iraq material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris river basin.—General distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea, Urmia, Tigris-Euphrates, and Namak Lake basins.—Habitat: This species inhabits fast-flowing streams and rivers with gravel or rocky substrates. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFADFF8398C8D35AFE15F88D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFADFF8298C8D171FE15FE6D.text	D65887E4FFADFF8298C8D171FE15FE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant 2014	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi &amp; Nalbant, 2014 [N]—Choman loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi &amp; Nalbant, 2014: 46, fig. 5 [Baneh River, Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran, 36°01‘03“N, 45°55‘20“E; holotype: FCFUK 176].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustrations: Kamangar et al. (2014: 46, fig. 5).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2022).—Iraq material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River drainages.—General distribution: Tigris River basin (Türkiye, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in streams with moderately to rapidly flowing freshwater in both mountainous and desert landscapes. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, EUT.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFADFF8298C8D171FE15FE6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D7DFFE0BFC2D.text	D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D7DFFE0BFC2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Banarescu & Nalbant 1964)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964) [N]—Euphratecus loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Nemacheilus insignis euphraticus Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964: 175, Pl. 7 (figs. 11–12) [Euphrates (Firat Nehri) Basin, Malatya, eastern Anatolia, Turkey; holotype: ZMH 1889. Type catalog: Wilkens 1977: 158].— Iraq synonyms: Nemacheilus euphraticus Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964; Barbatula euphratica (Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964); Oxynoemacheilus freyhofi Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi &amp; Hosseinpour 2016.—Revisions: Kottelat (2012: 95).—Illustration: Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant (1964: 175, Pl. 7 (figs. 11–12)) as Nemacheilus insignis euphraticus.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021).—Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates Basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates River and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in streams with moderately flowing streams. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D7DFFE0BFC2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D21FFE0BF9ED.text	D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D21FFE0BF9ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843) [N] — Banded Tigris loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cobitis frenatus Heckel, 1843: 1086 [96] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 48552 (5), NRM 15477 (1)].— Iraq synonyms: Nemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, 1843); Orthrias frenatus (Heckel, 1843); Barbatula frenata (Heckel, 1843); Nemachilus frenatus afrenatus Battalgil, 1941.— Revisions: Prokofiev (2009: 880); Sayyadzadeh &amp; Esmaeili (2020).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 12, fig. 1) as Cobitis frenatus; Sayyadzadeh &amp; Esmaeili (2020: 202, 204, figs. 10–11).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW, NRM.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin and Lesser Zab drainage (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB.— High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFACFF8298C8D21FFE0BF9ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFACFF8D98C8D05FFEE1FF15.text	D65887E4FFACFF8D98C8D05FFEE1FF15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus gyndes Freyhof & Abdullah 2017	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus gyndes Freyhof &amp; Abdullah, 2017 [N]—Sirvan loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Oxynoemacheilus gyndes Freyhof &amp; Abdullah, 2017: 74, figs. 1–5 [Stream Zalm south of Taparezina, 35°18’23”N, 45°58’14”E, Iraq; holotype: ZFMK 103019].— Iraq synonyms: None.— Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof &amp; Abdullah (2017: 74, figs. 1–5).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof &amp; Abdullah (2017).—Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris basin.—General distribution: Middle East: upper Sirwan drainage, Tigris basin, Kurdistan (Iraq and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing waters of streams and rivers with mud or gravel substrate and low pollution level. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFACFF8D98C8D05FFEE1FF15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D707FEE1FD0D.text	D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D707FEE1FD0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus hanae Freyhof & Abdullah 2017	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus hanae Freyhof &amp; Abdullah, 2017 [N] — Hana’s loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Oxynoemacheilus hanae Freyhof &amp; Abdullah, 2017: 79, figs. 6–10 [Stream Zalm south of Taparezina, 35°18’23”N, 45°58’14”E, Iraq; holotype: ZFMK 103020].— Iraq synonyms: None.— Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof &amp; Abdullah (2017: 74, figs. 6–10).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof &amp; Abdullah (2017).—Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris basin.—General distribution: Middle East: upper Sirwan drainage, Tigris basin, Kurdistan (Iraq and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D707FEE1FD0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D4FFFE0BFB61.text	D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D4FFFE0BFB61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya & Turan 2017	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya &amp; Turan, 2017 [N] — Kentrites loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.6275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.356667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.6275/lat 38.356667)">Original</a> description: Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya &amp; Turan, 2017: 552, figs. 1–4 [Stream Kesan about 1 km south of Güntepe, Bitlis Province, 38°21’24’’N, 42°37’39’’E, Turkey; holotype: FFR 01566].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2017: figs. 1–4).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021).—Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: upper Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq, and Syria).—Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D4FFFE0BFB61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D2C2FE0BF952.text	D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D2C2FE0BF952.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant 2014	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi &amp; Nalbant, 2014 [N] — Kurdistan loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi &amp; Nalbant, 2014: 38, fig. 3 [Choman River (Tajaban, sta. 6) Baneh, Kurdistan, 35°56’53“N, 45°41’40“E, Iran; holotype: FCFUK 146].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustrations: Kamangar et al. (2014: 38, fig. 3).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021).—Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River drainages.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River drainage (Turkey and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA3FF8D98C8D2C2FE0BF952	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA3FF8C98C8D0BAFE0BFE49.text	D65887E4FFA3FF8C98C8D0BAFE0BFE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus longipinnis (Coad & Nalbant 2005)	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus longipinnis (Coad &amp; Nalbant, 2005) [N] — Meymeh loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis Coad &amp; Nalbant, 2005: 552, figs. 1–4 [Meymeh River (formerly tributary of Tigris River), Tigris-Euphrates drainage, 17 kilometers west of Dehloran City, about 21 kilometers east of Iraqi border, 32°45’30”N, 47°05’30”E, Iran; holotype: CMNFI 1979-0366 (ex NMC 79-966)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Coad &amp; Nalbant (2005: 304, figs. 1, 3) as Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis. Sayyadzadeh et al. (2017; 2, fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2021).—Iraq materials: ZFMK-ICH, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Meymeh River drainage, Tigris River basin (Iraq, Iran, and Syria).—Habitat: This species occurs in moderately fast-flowing to almost standing waters of clean springs, streams, and rivers with mud or gravel substrate. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA3FF8C98C8D0BAFE0BFE49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D7B3FE0BFC41.text	D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D7B3FE0BFC41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus Freyhof & Geiger 2017	<div><p>Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus Freyhof &amp; Geiger, 2017 [N]—Zagros stone loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus Freyhof &amp; Geiger, 2017: 261, figs. 3–7 [Stream Kunamasi in Sevanja, 35°47.35’N, 45°24.18’E, Iraq; holotype: ZFMK Ich-103667].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof &amp; Geiger (2017: 261, figs. 3–7).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof &amp; Geiger (2017).—Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Lesser Zab drainage.—General distribution: Middle East: Lesser Zab drainage (Iraq), and Marivan (Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in streams with slow to fast-flowing freshwater. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D7B3FE0BFC41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D5ABFE0BFAB9.text	D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D5ABFE0BFAB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracobitis molavii Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger 2014	<div><p>Paracobitis molavii Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh &amp; Geiger, 2014 [N]—Molavi’s crested loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.971&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.30633" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.971/lat 35.30633)">Original</a> description: Paracobitis molavii Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh &amp; Geiger, 2014: 25, figs. 15– 18 [Sulaymaniyah Province, Zalm at Khurmal, 35°18.38’N, 45°58.26’E, Iraq; holotype: ZFMK 56826].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2014: 25, figs. 15–18).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Freyhof et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (Iran and Iraq).—Habitat: This species occurs in streams with slow to fast-flowing freshwater. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D5ABFE0BFAB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D3A3FE0BF855.text	D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D3A3FE0BF855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracobitis zabgawraensis Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger 2014	<div><p>Paracobitis zabgawraensis Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh &amp; Geiger, 2014 [N]—Great Zab crested loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.19533&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.943333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.19533/lat 36.943333)">Original</a> description: Paracobitis zabgawraensis Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh &amp; Geiger, 2014: 33, figs. 23–26 [Erbil Province, Chami Rean River near Ziraran, 36°56.60’N, 44°11.72’E, Iraq; holotype: ZFMK 56827].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2014: 34–35, figs. 23–26).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Freyhof et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: ZFMK, FSJF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River.—General distribution: Middle East: Iraq and Turkey.—Habitat: This species occurs in streams with slow to fast-flowing freshwater. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA2FF8C98C8D3A3FE0BF855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA2FF8F98C8D1BEFD86FDD9.text	D65887E4FFA2FF8F98C8D1BEFD86FDD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Banarescu & Nalbant 1964	<div><p>Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Banarescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964 [N]—Kosswig’s loach</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu &amp; Nalbant, 1964: 178, Pl. 8 (fig. 14) [Kapozik Kadun, Tigris basin, 37°34’40”N, 43°44’10”E, Hakkari, Turkey; holotype: ZMH H1884].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2014).—Illustration: Banarescu &amp; Nalbant (1964: 178, Pl. 8 (fig. 14)).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Esmaeili et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River drainages.—General distribution: Middle East: upper Euphrates and Tigris watersheds (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits fast-flowing sections of rivers and even very small streams, usually in rapids and riffles with coarse gravel or rocks. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA2FF8F98C8D1BEFD86FDD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D4FEFC95FBBD.text	D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D4FEFC95FBBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra elegans (Gunther 1868)	<div><p>Garra elegans (Günther, 1868) [N]—Mesopotamian garra</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Tylognathus elegans Günther, 1868: 64 [Mesopotamia?; no types known].— Iraq synonyms: Hemigarra elegans (Günther, 1868); Hemigrammocapoeta elegans (Günther, 1868).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Freyhof (2016).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof (2016).—Iraq materials: MNH 1850.10.21.31–35.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River drainage.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River drainage (Iraq and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits large lowland rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D4FEFC95FBBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D2AEFE0BF921.text	D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D2AEFE0BF921.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra rufa (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Red garra</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Discognathus rufus Heckel, 1843: 1071 [81] [Aleppo, Syria; lectotype: NMW 53240 (108 mm SL)].— Iraq synonyms: Discognathus obtusus Heckel, 1843; Discognathus crenulatus Heckel, 1847.—Revisions: Sayyadzadeh et al. (2015); Esmaeili et al. (2016 a).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 8 (fig. 2)) as Discognathus rufus; Esmaeili et al. (2016 a: 108, fig. 23); Esmaeili et al. (2016 a: 109, fig. 24) as Discognathus crenulatus).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris river basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. Usually absent from standing waters. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to have a significant impact on this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA1FF8F98C8D2AEFE0BF921	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA1FF8E98C8D10DFE0BFE6C.text	D65887E4FFA1FF8E98C8D10DFE0BFE6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra variabilis (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Small-mouth garra</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Discognathus variabilis Heckel, 1843: 1069 [79] [Aleppo, Syria; Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 53238-40 (3, 8, ca. 10), 53260-69 (1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2), 53272 (4); SMF 403 (ex NMW in 1844) (4); ZMB 3301 (4) (ex NMW)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Sayyadzadeh et al. (2015).— Illustrations: Heckel (1843: pl. 8 (fig. 1)) as Discognathus variabilis.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW, SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq).—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of standing and slowly flowing waters such as rivers, springs, marshes, and streams. It seems to be quite tolerant of pollution and inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be serious enough to really impact this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA1FF8E98C8D10DFE0BFE6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D23BFCE6F9EC.text	D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D23BFCE6F9EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges 1960)	<div><p>Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960) [N]—Kiss-lip himri</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyclocheilichthys kosswigi Ladiges, 1960: 135, fig. 7 [Batman suyu (Batman Çayi), Turkey; holotype: ZMH H 1148].— Iraq synonyms: Barbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960); Kosswigobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960).—Revisions: Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 32).—Illustration: Ladiges (1960: fig. 7); Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 33, figs. 21–22).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Karaman (1971).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris-Euphrates system.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates system (Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits lowland rivers, backwaters, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ponds, rarely in fast-flowing waters. It seems to inhabit summerwarm mountain river stretches with fast-flowing water and gravel bottom. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D23BFCE6F9EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8998C8D05FFEE1FF39.text	D65887E4FFA0FF8998C8D05FFEE1FF39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Mesopotamian himri</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Systomus luteus Heckel, 1843: 1061 [71] [Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 54253: 2].— Iraq synonyms: Barbus luteus (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 34).— Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 6 (fig. 1)); Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 38, figs. 23–24).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW, RMNH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates and adjacent basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, from small lowland streams and springs to marshes, lakes, and reservoirs to large and brackish lowland rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: While there are many threats in the area, none is strong enough to threaten this ubiquitous species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA0FF8998C8D05FFEE1FF39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D7DFFD49FC64.text	D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D7DFFD49FC64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra widdowsoni (Trewavas 1955)	<div><p>Garra widdowsoni (Trewavas, 1955) [E]—Haditha cave garra</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Typhlogarra widdowsoni Trewavas, 1955: 553, figs. 1–2 [Cavern 25 feet below ground, 6 miles north of Haditha, 34°04’N, 42°24’E, Iraq; holotype: BMNH 1953.12.31.1].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustrations: Heckel (1955: 553, figs. 1–2) as Typhlogarra widdowsoni.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: BMNH, NMW, SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: only known from a Karst system, Euphrates River basin—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates River basin, Iraq.—Habitat: This species is a subterranean species. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB.— High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA0FF8E98C8D7DFFD49FC64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D723FE0BFD31.text	D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D723FE0BFD31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carasobarbus sublimus (Coad & Najafpour 1997)	<div><p>Carasobarbus sublimus (Coad &amp; Najafpour, 1997) [N]—Himri</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus sublimus Coad &amp; Najafpour, 1997: 274, fig. 1 [A’la River at Pol-e Tighen, 31°23.5’N, 49°53’E, Khuzestan Province, Iran; holotype: CMNFI 1995-0009].— Iraq synonyms: Kosswigobarbus sublimus (Coad &amp; Najafpour, 1997).—Revisions: Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013: 42).— Illustration: Mirza &amp; Javed (1997: 274, fig. 1); Mohamed et al. (2016).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed et al. (2016).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (southwestern Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of streams, rivers, and lakes, including reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D723FE0BFD31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D58EFD0FFACD.text	D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D58EFD0FFACD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) [I]—Goldfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus, 1758: 322 [China; Japanese rivers; no types known].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Guo (2021: 472, fig.),</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Ali (1985).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—General distribution: East Asia: China and Japan; introduced widely elsewhere; many cultivated goldfish varieties.—Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D58EFD0FFACD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D33EFD0FF8E9.text	D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D33EFD0FF8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782)	<div><p>Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) [I]—Gibel carp</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus gibelio Bloch, 1782: 71, Pl. 12 [Olsche River pond, Odra River system, near Czech Teschen, 49°47’11”N, 18°35’24”E, Czech Republic; neotype: ZMB 33979].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Jawad et al. (2012).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Jawad et al. (2012); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—General distribution: Eurasia: Eastern Europe, Russia to northeastern China; introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species inhabits rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and ditches with stagnant or slow-flowing water. It occurs in eutrophic fresh and brackish waters, well-vegetated ponds, and canals. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Unknown: Inadvertently introduced by transboundary waterways for no known reason or method.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA7FF8998C8D33EFD0FF8E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA7FF8898C8D155FCEDFE6C.text	D65887E4FFA7FF8898C8D155FCEDFE6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyprinion kais Heckel 1843	<div><p>Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843 [N]—Smallmouth lotak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843: 1066 (76) [Aleppo, Syria and Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 52803 (148.1 mm)].—Iraq synonyms: Cyprinion cypris Heckel, 1843.—Revisions: Bănărescu &amp; Herzig-Straschil (1995: 416).—Illustration: Heckel (1843, Pl. 7 (fig. 2)).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW, RMNH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seems to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB, EUT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA7FF8898C8D155FCEDFE6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8B98C8D056FD49FF15.text	D65887E4FFA6FF8B98C8D056FD49FF15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Shabout</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843: 1048 [58] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 54160-61 (1, 2), 91023 (1); SMF 2613 [ex NMW] (1, dry), ZMB 8788 (1)].— Iraq synonyms: Tor grypus (Heckel, 1843); Labeobarbus kotschyi Heckel, 1843.—Revisions: Karaman (1971); Borkenhagen &amp; Krupp (2013); Jawad et al. (2018).—Illustration: Borkenhagen (2014: 1184, fig. 1C).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW, ZMB, BNHM.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems and rivers (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits Found in streams. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT, FIT, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.— High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA6FF8B98C8D056FD49FF15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D7DFFA8CFC08.text	D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D7DFFA8CFC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Largemouth lotak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinion macrostomus Heckel, 1843: 1065 [75] [Aleppo, Syria or Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 52805-1].— Iraq synonyms: Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843; Cyprinion neglectus Heckel, 1847.—Revisions: Bănărescu &amp; Herzig-Straschil (1995: 414).—Illustration: Heckel (1843, Pl. 7 (fig. 1)).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in the original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW, RMNH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River systems.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits medium-sized and large rivers and streams. Known to inhabit canals but seems to be absent from reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area none strong enough to impact this species seriously.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D7DFFA8CFC08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D5F3FD0FFA00.text	D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D5F3FD0FFA00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 [I]—Common carp</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758: 320 [Europe; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.139 (1, skin)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 831).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 833, fig. 572).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Introduced by the government of Iraq during the period 1960–1972 (Jawad, 2003); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins and translocated somewhere.— General distribution: Western Europe (native to the Black Sea basin, possibly also Caspian and Aral seas basins), widely introduced worldwide, also many multicolor varieties.—Habitat: This species inhabits Warm, deep, slow-flowing, and still waters, such as lowland rivers and large, well-vegetated lakes. Introduced in all types of water bodies. Spawns along shores or in backwaters. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA6FF8898C8D5F3FD0FFA00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D707FD74FD31.text	D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D707FD74FD31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Barbus lacerta Heckel 1843	<div><p>Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843 [N]—Lizard barbel</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843: 1044 [54] [Kueik (Qwaik) River near Aleppo, Syria; lectotype: NMW 54227-1].— Iraq synonyms: Barbus scincus Heckel, 1843; Barbus kosswigi Karaman, 1971.—Revisions: Khaefi et al. (2017a).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 2., fig. 1); Khaefi et al. (2017a: 102, figs. 6, 7).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: Baghdad Natural History Museum.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq).—Habitat: This species inhabits Mountain and piedmont zones in streams and small rivers with fast, clear, and well oxygenated water and gravel substrate. In lowlands usually most common in small streams and absent from large rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status:Decreasing.— Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D707FD74FD31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D51AFEE1FB05.text	D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D51AFEE1FB05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caecocypris basimi Banister & Bunni 1980	<div><p>Caecocypris basimi Banister &amp; Bunni, 1980 [E]—Haditha cavefish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Caecocypris basimi Banister &amp; Bunni, 1980: 151, figs. 1–5 [Natural well in the Sheik Hadid sink hole, outskirts of Haditha, Euphrates River system, Al Anbar Province, 34°04’N, 42°24’E, Iraq; holotype:BMNH 1979.8.3.1].— Iraq synonyms:None.—Revisions:Proudlove (2006:65).—Illustration: Banister &amp; Bunni (1980: 151, figs. 1–5).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Banister &amp; Bunni (1980).—Iraq materials: BMNH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River drainage.—General distribution: Euphrates River system, Iraq.—Habitat: This species is A cave-dwelling species. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq:Unknown.—IUCN:CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats:HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D51AFEE1FB05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D2F6FCEDF8C5.text	D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D2F6FCEDF8C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes 1842)	<div><p>Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) [N]—Mesopotamian barb</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Gobio damascinus Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1842: 314, Pl. 482 [Damascus, Syria; lectotype: MNHN 0000-4494. Type catalog: Bertin &amp; Estève 1948: 43].— Iraq synonyms: Scaphiodon fratercula Heckel, 1843; Scaphiodon socialis Heckel, 1843; Scaphiodon peregrinorum Heckel, 1843; Capoeta syriaca (Valenciennes, 1844); Capoeta kosswigi Karaman, 1969.—Revisions: Alwan et al. (2016: 17).—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 366. fig. 17).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Coad (2010); confirmed by Agha et al. (2023).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River drainage.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Levant, Mesopotamia, and southeastern Anatolia (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Israel, and Jordan).— Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies at least seasonally with gravel or running water. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA5FF8B98C8D2F6FCEDF8C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA5FF8A98C8D136FE0BFE34.text	D65887E4FFA5FF8A98C8D136FE0BFE34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capoeta umbla (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Tigris scraper</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Scaphiodon umbla Heckel, 1843: 1060 [70] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 55932-33 (1, 1), 79373-74 (1, 1, both dry); SMF 6777 [ex NMW in 1844] (1, dry)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2016:36); Zareian &amp; Esmaeili (2017, molecular phylogeny).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 5 (fig. 3)) as Scaphiodon umbla; Esmaeili et al. (2016: 37, figs. 1–3).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843); subsequently reported by Agha et al. (2023).—Iraq materials: NMW, SMF.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Iran, Iraq, and Turkey).—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of waterbodies from small headwater streams down to large lowland rivers, marshes, lakes and reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be strong enough to threaten this ubiquitous species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA5FF8A98C8D136FE0BFE34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D427FABDFC2C.text	D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D427FABDFC2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus barbulus Heckel 1847	<div><p>Luciobarbus barbulus Heckel, 1847 [N]—Barbel</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus barbulus Heckel, 1847: 256 [Kara Agatsch River (Qarah Aqaj River) near Geré (Jereh), 29°15’N, 51°58’E, Iran; Kueik River at Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 6596 (1)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Khaefi et al. (2017b); Valiallahi (2020: 59).—Illustration: Khaefi et al. (2017b: 837, 840, figs. 2, 3); Valiallahi (2020: 60, figs. 1–2); Esmaeili (2021: 306, fig. 17.7a).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1847).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris river basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran); Zoreh, Mond, and Kol river basins (Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies at least seasonally with gravel or running water. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D427FABDFC2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D216FEE1FA1D.text	D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D216FEE1FA1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Pike barbel</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843: 1054 [64] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 54088 (2), 54091-92 (1, 1); SMF 454 (ex NMW) (1), 6785 (ex NMW) (1)].— Iraq synonyms: Barbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 4, fig. 2); Esmaeili (2021: 307, fig. 17.9).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in large rivers and reservoirs from which they migrate to inflowing rivers to spawn. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: FIT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D216FEE1FA1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D00EFB47F871.text	D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D00EFB47F871.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Kersin barbel</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus kersin Heckel, 1843: 1049 [59] [Syria; syntypes: NMW 54212-13 (1, 4), 54215 (1); SMF 610 (ex NMW in 1844) (1), ZMB 3237 (ex NMW) (1)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Esmaeili (2021: 306, fig. 17.8).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits large to medium sized rivers but habitats are poorly known. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but it is unknown how and if the species is affected.—Low sensitivity to human activities.— Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA4FF8A98C8D00EFB47F871	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D692FD86FD69.text	D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D692FD86FD69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus pectoralis (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Luciobarbus pectoralis (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Heckel’s Orontes barbel</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus pectoralis Heckel, 1843: 1045 [55] [Orontes River, Syria; holotype:?NMW 54474].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 2 (fig. 2)) as Barbus pectoralis.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River system.—General distribution: Euphrates River and Orontes River system in Turkey and Syria; Mediterranean watersheds.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of rivers and larger streams and also occurs in reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing streams and rivers for spawning. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, especially in Asi drainage where this species has lost major part of its range due to massive pollution and water abstraction. However, these threats are not strong enough all over the range to really affect this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D692FD86FD69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D4D2FD86FBBD.text	D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D4D2FD86FBBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus subquincunciatus (Gunther 1868)	<div><p>Luciobarbus subquincunciatus (Günther, 1868) [N]—Mesopotamian/Leopard barbel</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus subquincunciatus Günther, 1868: 86 [Mesopotamia?; holotype: BMNH 1869.3.19.1469 (skin)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Levin et al. (2012: 544).— Illustration: None.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Günther (1868).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates river system.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits large, freeflowing lowland rivers and migrates short distances to breed. Rarely recorded from lakes and reservoirs, which seem to represent largely unsuitable habitats. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: CR (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D4D2FD86FBBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D2AEFD86F959.text	D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D2AEFD86F959.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Yellowfin barbel</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843: 1053 [63] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 54786 (1), 54841 (10), 91215 (1, dry)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Levin et al. (2012: 544).—Illustration: Esmaeili (2021: 306, fig. 17.7c).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris river systems.—General distribution: sia Minor and Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates, and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species is found in large lowland rivers, lakes, and marshes. Also, in reservoirs from which it migrates to inflowing rivers to spawn. Spawns on gravel substrate in shallows of large rivers in water depths of 30–150 cm. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: HAB, CON, ABS, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBBFF9598C8D2AEFD86F959	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBBFF9498C8D0C5FC95FEDC.text	D65887E4FFBBFF9498C8D0C5FC95FEDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Gunther 1874)	<div><p>Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874) [N]—Binni</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus sharpeyi Günther, 1874: 38 (3), Pl. 9 [Tigris River near Baghdad, Iraq; syntypes: BMNH 1874.4.28.20 (1), 1874.4.28.27 (1), 1875.1.14.16 (1)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Ekmekçi &amp; Bănărescu (1998: 95); Borkenhagen (2017: 293).—Illustration: Günther (1874: 38 (3), Pl. 9) as Barbus sharpeyi.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Günther (1874).—Iraq materials: BMNH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River system.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River system (Iraq, Iran).—Habitat: The species occurs in large rivers, lakes, and marshes, mostly in standing waters and marshes with dense vegetation. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, COM, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBBFF9498C8D0C5FC95FEDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D74EFCEDFCF8.text	D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D74EFCEDFCF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracapoeta barroisi (Lortet 1894)	<div><p>Paracapoeta barroisi (Lortet, 1894) [N]—Orontes scraper</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Capoeta barroisi Lortet in Barrois 1894: 308 [Lake Homs, at Schoummarieh Village, Orontes drainage, Hims District, Syria; Antioche (Antakya, Türkiye); syntypes: FMUL uncat. (Several, probably lost), MHNL uncat. (1)].—Synonyms: None.—Revisions: Turan et al. (2022b).— Illustration: Turan et al. (2008: 267, fig. 5).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Coad (2010) as Capoeta barroisi.—Iraq material: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Seyhan, Ceyhan, Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river basins.— General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: eastern Mediterranean watersheds, Tigris River and Gulf basins (Iraq, Syria, and Türkiye).—Habitat: This species inhabits mostly lakes, reservoirs, and larger lowland rivers. Most likely, they migrate to rivers or streams to spawn. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D74EFCEDFCF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D562FAE6FA00.text	D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D562FAE6FA00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracapoeta trutta (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Paracapoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Trout barb</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Scaphiodon trutta Heckel, 1843: 1056 [66] [Aleppo, Syria; Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 55926 (1), 55928 (2), 55935-37 (2, 2, 1), 55939-42 (4, 1, 3, 1);?RMNH 3164 (ex NMW) (1) Aleppo; SMF 923 (ex NMW in 1843) (1), 2567 (ex NMW in 1844) (1); ZMB 8789 (1, dry)].— Iraq synonyms: Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Turan et al. (2022: 205).—Illustration: Heckel, 1843: pl. 4 (fig. 3) as Scaphiodon trutta.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843); subsequently reported by Agha et al. (2023).—Iraq materials: NMW, RMNH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, at least seasonally connected to running waters in which it spawns. Most abundant in lowland rivers, but also very common in reservoirs and marshes, and commonly found in streams in slow current sections. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: While there are many threats in the area, none is so serious to threaten this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBAFF9498C8D562FAE6FA00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBAFF9798C8D0A7FE23FF39.text	D65887E4FFBAFF9798C8D0A7FE23FF39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Barilius mesopotamicus Berg 1932	<div><p>Barilius mesopotamicus Berg, 1932 [N]—Mesopotamian barilius</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Barilius mesopotamicus Berg, 1932: 333, fig. 1 [Gawi River, Tigris River basin, 33°20’N, 46°20’E, Iraq; holotype: ZIN 23955].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Bianco &amp; Bănărescu (1982: 76); Liao et al. (2011).—Illustration: Berg (1932: fig. 1).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Berg (1932).—Iraq materials: ZIN.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Persis River basins (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits the upper water column close to the surface of small to large rivers with slow to moderate current. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: CLI, CON, ABS, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBAFF9798C8D0A7FE23FF39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D797FD0FFC9D.text	D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D797FD0FFC9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes 1844)	<div><p>Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) [I] — Grass carp</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus idella Valenciennes, 1844: 362 (China; no types known).— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 597).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 598, fig. 353).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Introduced by the Government of Iraq in 1968 to culture it in ponds (Coad, 2010); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Introduce somewhere.—General distribution: East Asia: China and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species conducts its spawning and overwintering in middle and lower stretches of large floodplain rivers (below 1,000 m altitude), within lakes, reservoirs, and backwaters during feeding season, preferring warm, clear water and high oxygen concentration. It is tolerant of a wide range of environmental variables. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Bio-control: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D797FD0FFC9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D58FFD0FFAB9.text	D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D58FFD0FFAB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky 1855)	<div><p>Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) [I] — Sharpbelly</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Culter leucisculus Basilewsky, 1855: 238 [Rivers flowing into Bay of Tschili (Chihli), Beijing (Peking), China; syntypes: ZIN 5272 (2)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 808).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 809, fig. 553); Esmaeili et al. (2011: 3, fig. 2); Zareian et al. (2015: 15, fig. 5); Esmaeili &amp; Abbasi (2021: fig. 346: 18.52); Radkhah et al. (2016).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Coad &amp; Hussain (2007); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014); Abdullah &amp; Abdullah (2018).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River.—General distribution: East Asia; introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species is usually found in large and medium-sized rivers in shallow water over sandy bottoms, but sometimes occurs in pools along the bed of mountain streams; also abundant in ponds, lakes, and the backwaters of rivers. It is highly tolerant of water pollution. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. LocWesternally commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D58FFD0FFAB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D3A3FD0FF879.text	D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D3A3FD0FF879.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes 1844)	<div><p>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) [I]—Silver carp</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus molitrix Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1844: 360 (China; no types known).— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 846).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 847, fig. 579).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Introduced by the government of Iraq in 1968 (Jawad, 2003) and recorded from Shatt al-Arab River by Al-Hassan (1994); Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Introduce somewehere in Tigris and Euphrates rivers drainages.— General distribution: Asia: East Asia: Yangtze River basin, China and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere.— Habitat: In its natural range, this species migrates upstream for spawning; eggs and larva float downstream to floodplain zones. An active species well known for its habit of leaping clear of the water when disturbed. Swims just beneath the water’s surface. Very sensitive to low temperatures (below 5°C) and oxygen deficits. It feeds on phytoplankton and zooplankton. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB9FF9798C8D3A3FD0FF879	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D51AFD25FA95.text	D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D51AFD25FA95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843	<div><p>Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843 [N]—Mesopotamian bream</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843: 1075 [85] [Kucik River at Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 55345-48 (2, 2, 2, 2), 79068 (2); RMNH 2537 [ex NMW] (4) Aleppo, 2539 [ex NMW] (2) Aleppo; SMF 543 [ex NMW] (4) Aleppo].— Iraq synonyms: Acanthobrama arrhada Heckel, 1843; Acanthobrama cupida Heckel, 1843.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 9 (fig. 2)).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates, Tigris, and Orontes river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: Very ubiquitous species inhabit all kinds of lowland water bodies with standing or slowly flowing waters such as larger streams, rivers, springs, marshes, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as in moderately polluted water bodies. Usually absent from fast flowing and cold mountain streams. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats throughout the large distribution area of this species, but none is serious enough to impact major parts of the populations.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D51AFD25FA95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D386FD74F88D.text	D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D386FD74F88D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnoides velioglui Turan, Kaya, Ekmekci & Dogan 2014	<div><p>Alburnoides velioglui Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi &amp; Doğan, 2014 [N]—Fırat chub</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnoides velioglui Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi &amp; Doğan, 2014: 106, fig. 3 [Erzurum Province, Sirli Stream, Euphrates River drainage, 40°12’34"N, 41°4’30"E, Turkey; holotype: FFR 01094].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Turan et al. (2014: 106, fig. 3).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River drainages.—General distribution: Asia Minor: Euphrates River [Firat Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Mardin Province (Turkey).—Habitat: This species is frequently found in slow-moving water. The species prefers the mid- and foothill zones of rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.— Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D386FD74F88D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D692FD0FFDFD.text	D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D692FD0FFDFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845)	<div><p>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) [I]—Asian carp, big head carp</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus nobilis Richardson, 1845: 140, pl. 63, fig. 3 (Canton, China; holotype: BMNH 1968.3.11.4].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Richardson (1845: pl. 63, fig. 3) as Leuciscus nobilis.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Introduced by the government of Iraq in 1968 (Jawad 2003).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Introduce somewehere in Tigris and Euphrates rivers drainages.— General distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River basin (China); widely introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species occurs in both fast-running and standing streams in mainly shallow but also deep areas. It is an omnivore and is thought to have a moderate tolerance for habitat degradation. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB8FF9698C8D692FD0FFDFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB8FF9198C8D17EFE23FDFD.text	D65887E4FFB8FF9198C8D17EFE23FDFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Black spotted bleak</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843: 1084 (94) [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 16688 (4), 55511-13 (2, 2, 2), 57161 (3);?RMNH 2656 [ex NMW] (4); SMF 100 [ex NMW] (4)]— Iraq synonyms: Alburnoides recepi Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi &amp; Doğan, 2014.—Revisions: None.—Illustrations: Heckel (1843: pl. 11, fig. 3); Zareian et al. (2015: 16, fig. 8).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris, Euphrates, and Qweik River drainages.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris, Euphrates, and Qweik River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in streams, rivers, and lakes with moderate to slow currents. Also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area inhabited by this species but none is so strong to considerably impact the global population of this fish.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB8FF9198C8D17EFE23FDFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D46FFEE1FAF1.text	D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D46FFEE1FAF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843	<div><p>Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843 [N]—Shah kuli</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843: 1082 [92] [Kueik (Qwaiq River, Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 55664-67 (1, 2, 4, 2); RMNH 2666 (ex NMW) (2)].— Iraq synonyms: Chalcalburnus sellal (Heckel, 1843); Alburnus capito Heckel, 1843; Alburnus hebes Heckel, 1843; Alburnus microlepis Heckel, 1843; Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843; Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843); Alburnus pallidus Heckel, 1843; Leuciscus maxillaris Valenciennes, 1844; Alburnus maxillaris (Valenciennes, 1844); Alburnus caudimacula Heckel, 1847; Alburnus iblis Heckel, 1847; Alburnus megacephalus Heckel, 1847; Alburnus schejtan Heckel, 1847; Alburnus mossulensis delineatus Battalgil, 1942; Alburnus zagrosensis Coad, 2009; Alburnus selcuklui Elp, Şen &amp; Özuluğ, 2015.—Revisions: Mohammadian-Kalat et al. (2017); Birecikligil et al. (2016: 47).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 11 (fig. 1)).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River drainages.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates, Tigris, Zoreh, Persis, and Hormuz River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in lakes, reservoirs, and all kinds of streams and rivers, from the cold Anatolian Highlands down to the subtropical Shatt al Arab and Iranian Gulf Rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but this species is very resistant and can cope with most of them.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D46FFEE1FAF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D35BFAAEF8B1.text	D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D35BFAAEF8B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chondrostoma regium (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) [N]—King nase</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chondochilus regius Heckel, 1843: 1077 (87) [Orontes and Tigris rivers; syntypes: NMW 52532-35 (2, 2, 2, 1) Kueik (Quwik River) near Aleppo, 52536-38 (2, 1, 2) Tigris near Mosul].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Çiftci et al. (2020: 214).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 9 (fig. 3)) as Chondochilus regius.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843 a: 1078) as Chondrochilus regius.— Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River drainage.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from medium-sized streams to large lowland rivers. Inhabits marshes and reservoirs, from which it migrates to rivers and streams to spawn. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none serious enough to threaten this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBFFF9198C8D35BFAAEF8B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBFFF9098C8D19AFD86FDD9.text	D65887E4FFBFFF9098C8D19AFD86FDD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leuciscus vorax (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Leuciscus vorax (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Mesopotamian asp</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Aspius vorax Heckel, 1843: 21 (24), pl. 9 [Heri Rud River near Herat, Syria; holotype: syntypes: NMW 16527 (1, dry), 76776 (1)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.— Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 10 (fig. 3)) as Aspius vorax.</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Migrates from lakes and reservoirs into inflowing rivers or streams to spawn. Sensitive to pollution. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: EUT, FIT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBFFF9098C8D19AFD86FDD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D443FEE1FBF5.text	D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D443FEE1FBF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalius berak Heckel 1843	<div><p>Squalius berak Heckel, 1843 [N]—Mesopotamian chub</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius berak Heckel, 1843: 1078 [88] [Aleppo, Syria; holotype: syntypes: NMW 48915 (6), SMF 469 [ex NMW] (3)].— Iraq synonyms: Squalius orientalis Heckel, 1847.—Revisions: Khaefi et al. (2016); Esmaeili et al. (2016b: 119).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 10, fig. 1); Esmaeili et al. (2016b: 120–123, figs. 1–5).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species occurs in small to medium-sized streams, mostly in mountains and hilly areas. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to significant impact this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D443FEE1FBF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D267FEE1F9ED.text	D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D267FEE1F9ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squalius lepidus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Mesopotamian pike chub</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843: 21 [24], pl. 9 [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 49342 (spec. 1)].— Iraq synonyms: Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Khaefi et al. (2016).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 10 (fig. 2)).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Asi Nehri (Orontes), Quwayq, Euphrates, and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).— Habitat: This species occurs in large to medium-sized rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, non seem to be serious enough to strongly impact this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBEFF9098C8D267FEE1F9ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBEFF9398C8D102FD0FFE81.text	D65887E4FFBEFF9398C8D102FD0FFE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858	<div><p>Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858 [I]—Maculatus piranha</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858: 166 [6] [Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil; lectotype: NMW 17995].—Iraq synonyms: None. — Revisions: Jégu &amp; Santos (2001: 119).— Illustration: Jégu &amp; Santos (2001: 122, fig. 1B).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Jawad and Qasim (2019).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Introduce somewehere in Tigris and Euphrates rivers drainages.— General distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay).—Habitat: This species occurs usually in small groups of up to 20 individuals, which appear to have a definite range within a pond or a creek. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBEFF9398C8D102FD0FFE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D2CBFE0BF8C5.text	D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D2CBFE0BF8C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg 1787)	<div><p>Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) [N]—Striped eel catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus lineatus Thunberg, 1787: 31, footnote 13 [Eastern Indian Ocean; holotype: ZMUU P 28555].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Randall (2005: 61, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mahdi (1962); confirmed by Al-Nasiri &amp; Shamsul Hoda (1976), Nader &amp; Jawdat (1977). — Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf.—General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia) and New Caledonia; eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).—Habitat: This species is an estuarine dependent species found mainly on sandy and muddy grounds in shallow coastal waters. Brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important. Valuable for the aquarium trade.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D2CBFE0BF8C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D46FFD0FFBF5.text	D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D46FFD0FFBF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855)	<div><p>Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) [N]—Amazon sailfin catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Hypostomus pardalis Castelnau, 1855: 42, Pl. 20 (fig. 3) [Amazon River, Brazil; holotype (unique): MNHN A-9574].— Iraq synonyms: Liposarcus pardalis (Castelnau, 1855).—Revisions: Isbrücker (1980: 42).—Illustration: Castelnau (1855: pl. 20, fig. 3).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Qasim &amp; Jawad (2022). — Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: South America:Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru). Introduced in Italy, Turkey, and Asia; established in Florida and Puerto Rico (U.S.A.), Central America (Guatemala, Costa Rica), Colombia and Sri Lanka.— Habitat: This species preferably inhabits quiet, shallow waters in mud-bottomed and sand-bottomed canals and ponds. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBDFF9398C8D46FFD0FFBF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBDFF9298C8D19AFD86FDA1.text	D65887E4FFBDFF9298C8D19AFD86FDA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mystus pelusius (Solander 1794)	<div><p>Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) [N]—Zugzug catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus pelusius Solander in Russell, 1794: 210, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [Kowick River, Aleppo, Syria; Syntype: BMNH 1955.6.25.1 (1)].— Iraq synonyms: Bagrus halepensis Valenciennes, 1840; Macrones colvillii Günther, 1874; Mystus halepensis (Valenciennes, 1840).—Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2022a).—Illustrations: Hamilton (1822: pl. 3, fig. 61) as Pimelodus tengara; Esmaeili et al. (2022a: 338, fig. 10); Esmaeili et al. (2022a: 339, fig. 11).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Günther (1874).—Iraq materials: Fish collection of the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits larger rivers, marshes, reservoirs, and lakes. Feeds on invertebrates and small fish. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBDFF9298C8D19AFD86FDA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D547FE0BFAF1.text	D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D547FE0BFAF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax armeniacus (Linnaeus 1766)	<div><p>Glyptothorax armeniacus (Linnaeus, 1766) [N]—Tigris catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.9764&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.605" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.9764/lat 39.605)">Original</a> description: Glyptosternum armeniacum Berg, 1918: 146 [Mukhlassi-darasi River, Upper Euphrates River system, Turkey (possibly stream Habib at Oyuklu Mahallesi, Çat district, 39.6050, 40.9764); syntypes: (5) ZMT (?4, lost), ZSI [ex ZIN 20806] F11319/1 (1), ZIN 20806 (5, now 4)].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2021: 461); Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022).—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2021: 461, fig. 5).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Berg (1931); confirmed by Coad (2010).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris-Euphrates River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates River basin, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.—Habitat: This is a freshwater species that occurs in slow-running and standing streams Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D547FE0BFAF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D35BFE0BF8C5.text	D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D35BFE0BF8C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax cous (Linnaeus 1766)	<div><p>Glyptothorax cous (Linnaeus, 1766) [N]—Tigris cat</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus cous Linnaeus, 1766: 504 [Quweiq River, at Aleppo, Syria; holotype: BMNH 1955.6.25.2].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2021: 465); Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022).—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2021: 467, figs. 11–12); Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022: 22, fig. 9).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Berg (1931); confirmed by Coad (2010).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris-Euphrates River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris-Euphrates River basin, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.—Habitat: This is a freshwater species that occurs in slow-running and standing streams. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBCFF9298C8D35BFE0BF8C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFBCFF9D98C8D12EFE0BFE48.text	D65887E4FFBCFF9D98C8D12EFE0BFE48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax daemon Freyhof, Kaya, Abdullah & Geiger 2021	<div><p>Glyptothorax daemon Freyhof, Kaya, Abdullah &amp; Geiger, 2021 [N]—Catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Glyptothorax daemon Freyhof, Kaya, Abdullah &amp; Geiger, 2021: 482, figs. 31–36 [Stream Dilektaşı, 16 km northeast of Yüksekova, Hakkari province, 37.6664, 44.1393, Turkey; holotype: FFR 3928].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022, molecular systematics).— Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2021b: 482, figs. 31–36).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Freyhof et al. (2021b).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Great Zab River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: upper Tigris and Great Zab River basins, Turkey and Iraq.—Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast-running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFBCFF9D98C8D12EFE0BFE48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D7B3FC85FC08.text	D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D7B3FC85FC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg 1931)	<div><p>Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931) [N]—Mesopotamian sucking catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Glyptosternum kurdistanicus Berg, 1931: 384 [Serdesht, at Little Zab (36°N), River Bané basin, Iran, elevation 1500 meters; holotype: ZIN 20780].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2021: 472); Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022, molecular systematics).— Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2021: 473, fig. 18).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Berg, 1931; confirmed by Jawad et al. (2009) (Garraf River a branch of Euphrates River).—Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast-running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: DD (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, HAB.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D7B3FC85FC08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D5F3FE0BFA5C.text	D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D5F3FE0BFA5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax steindachneri (Pietschmann 1913)	<div><p>Glyptothorax steindachneri (Pietschmann, 1913) [N]—Steindachner’s cat</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Glyptosternum steindachneri Pietschmann, 1913: 93 [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: (2, NMW?)].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Freyhof et al. (2021: 479); Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022, molecular systematics).—Illustration: Freyhof et al. (2021: 480, fig. 28).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Pietschmann (1913).—Iraq materials: NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris and Euphrates River basins, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.—Habitat: All species of this genus in the Middle East inhabit fast-running sections of streams and rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB3FF9D98C8D5F3FE0BFA5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB3FF9C98C8D033FD0FFF14.text	D65887E4FFB3FF9C98C8D033FD0FFF14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878)	<div><p>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) [I]—Striped catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Helicophagus hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878: 235 [3] [Bangkok, Thailand; holotype: ANSP 67902].— Iraq synonyms: Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878).—Revisions: Roberts &amp; Vidthayanon (1991: 121).—Illustration: Roberts &amp; Vidthayanon (1991: 122, fig. 9).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Khamees et al. (2013); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River.—General distribution: Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong basin, and Chao Phraya, Thailand; introduced elsewhere in southern Asia, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico (U.S.A.).—Habitat: This species inhabits the main channels and floodplains of large rivers and seasonally moves up to floodplains and marshland for feeding and nursing. It is an omnivore, feeding primarily on algae, plants, zooplankton, insects, fruits, crustaceans, and fish. It Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB3FF9C98C8D033FD0FFF14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D76BFD86FC40.text	D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D76BFD86FC40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Silurus glanis Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 [I]—Wels catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758: 304 [Orient, less frequently in European lakes; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.168 (1, skin), NRM 59 (1)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 904).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 904–905, figs. 656–657); Jawad et al. (2021a).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by anecdotal reports of S. glanis in an unspecified locality in Iraq exist; confirmed by Jawad et al. (2020).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: unspecified locality in Iraq exists.—General distribution: North America; Eastern Europe to central Asia. Widely introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species inhabits large and medium-sized lowland rivers, backwaters, and well-vegetated lakes. Spawns in shallow, warm, and well vegetated riverine habitats without current. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D76BFD86FC40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D5ABFCEDFA24.text	D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D5ABFCEDFA24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Silurus triostegus Heckel 1843	<div><p>Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Mesopotamian catfish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843: 1090 [100] [Tigris River, near Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: (4) NMW, SMF 2623 (ex NMW in 1844) (1, dry)].— Iraq synonyms: Parasilurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843).—Revisions: Coad &amp; Holčík (2000: 139).—Illustration: Heckel (1843, pl. 13, fig. 1); Esmaeili (2021: 309, fig. 17.12).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW, SMF, Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River basins.—General distribution: Middle East: Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.—Habitat: This species inhabits large rivers, marshes, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area affection this species but none seem to be strong enough to let the species decline so fast, that it qualifies for a threat category.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB2FF9C98C8D5ABFCEDFA24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB2FF9F98C8D07AFD0FFE6D.text	D65887E4FFB2FF9F98C8D07AFD0FFE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch 1794)	<div><p>Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) [I]—Singee</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus fossilis Bloch, 1794: 46, Pl. 370 (fig. 2) [Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India; lectotype: ZMB 3074].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Ratmuangkhwang et al. (2014: 82).— Illustration: Bloch (1794: 46, Pl. 370 (fig. 2)).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Khalaf (1961). This species has been introduced in Iraq in late 1950s (Jawad, 2015) and Al-Hassan &amp; Muhsin (1986) from the marine waters of Iraq; confirmed by Al-Hassan &amp; Muhsin (1986); Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River.—General distribution: South Asia: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos and? China. Introduced in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.—Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater and, rarely, brackish waters as well. This is primarily a fish of ponds, ditches, creeks, swamps, and marshes, but it is sometimes found in muddy rivers. Its air-breathing apparatus enables it to exist in almost any kind of water quality. Generally, during the dry season, it lives in semi-liquid and semi-dry mud, and, even when the mud dries, they take their bodies to the bottom of the fissures and crevices formed by the cracking mud. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB2FF9F98C8D07AFD0FFE6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F9A48D3CFFB1EF855.text	D65887E4FFB1FF9F9A48D3CFFB1EF855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes 1837	<div><p>Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1837 [N]—Mud skipper</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1837: 207, Pl. 354 [Mumbai, India: holotype (unique): MNHN A-1468].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.— Illustration: Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes (1837: 207, pl. 354).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed &amp; Abood (2017a).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: Northwest Indian Ocean: East coast of Africa, Persian Gulf and Oman east to India. Occurrence in Indonesia and Mauritius needs verification.—Habitat: This species is a demersal, amphidromous, and amphibious species that inhabits the marine, brackish, and estuarine waters of intertidal mudflats. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are no major threats known to impact this species at a global scale.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB1FF9F9A48D3CFFB1EF855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB1FF9F98C8D4D3FE57FAF1.text	D65887E4FFB1FF9F98C8D4D3FE57FAF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)	<div><p>Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) [I]—Rainbow trout</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo mykiss Walbaum, 1792: 59 [Kamchatka, Russia; no types known].— Iraq synonyms: Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, 1836.—Revisions: Berg (1948: 267) as Salmo mykiss; Stearley &amp; Smith (1993: 21) as Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss.—Illustration: Berg (1948: 268, fig. 155) as Salmo mykiss, Jawad et al. (2019).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Abdulrahman et al. 2017; confirmed by Jawad et al. 2019.—Iraq materials: Fish collection at the Marine Science Cente, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: This species is mostly cultured cold-water fish. Can not be breeding in the wild water. Therefore, can find around fish farming facility are established in suitable habitats.— General distribution: North Pacific and adjacent basins; widely introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species usually occurs in cold streams, rivers, and lakes, but is also found in various habitats. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p> <p>Remarks. This specie does not reproduce naturally in the wild. It may be locally present due to specimens escaping from fish farms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB1FF9F98C8D4D3FE57FAF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D5AAFD86FAB9.text	D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D5AAFD86FAB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander 1794)	<div><p>Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks &amp; Solander, 1794) [N]—Mesopotamian spiny eel</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Ophidium mastacembelus Banks &amp; Solander in Russell, 1794: 209, Pl. 6 [locality unknown; no types known].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Gholamhosseini et al. (2022).—Illustration: Banks &amp; Solander in Russell (1794: 209, pl. 6).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mahdi (1962); confirmed by Jawad et al. (2016).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River drainages.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River, Kor River, and Persian Gulf basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from reservoirs and large rivers to small mountain streams. Often very abundant in rapids and riffles. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: EUT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D5AAFD86FAB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D692FD86FD45.text	D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D692FD86FD45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans 1941	<div><p>Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 [N]—Walton’s mudskipper</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941: 288 [Iraq and Pakistan: syntypes: RMNH 17004 (2), ZSI (4, not found) Iraq and Pakistan. Syntypes: RMNH 17004 (2), ZSI (4, not found)].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Murdy (1989: 44).—Illustration: Randall (1995: 341, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Khalaf (1961); confirmed by Mohamed &amp;Abood (2017a).—Iraq materials: RMNH.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan.—Habitat: This species is a demersal species that occurs in brackish to marine waters and is found in open mudflats and nearby stunted mangroves. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: EUT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB0FF9E98C8D692FD86FD45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB0FF9998C8D05EFD0FFF14.text	D65887E4FFB0FF9998C8D05EFD0FFF14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz 1831)	<div><p>Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) [I]—Oscar</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Lobotes ocellatus Agassiz in Spix &amp; Agassiz, 1831: 129, Pl. 68 [Atlantic (in error): no types known].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Silvano et al. (2020: 329, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Jawad et al. (2022) from one of the branches of the Euphrates River to the east of Barnun city, ca. 5 km to the NW of Hilla city in Babylon Province in central Iraq.—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River.—General distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, and Peru. Introduced elsewhere, including southern Florida and Puerto Rico (U.S.A.).—Habitat: This species prefers to inhabit quiet, shallow waters in mud-bottomed and sand-bottomed canals and ponds. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB0FF9998C8D05EFD0FFF14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D707FD0FFC9C.text	D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D707FD0FFC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptodon zillii (Gervais 1848)	<div><p>Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848) [I]—Redbelly tilapia</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Acerina zillii Gervais, 1848: 203 [Artesian well, Tuggurth, Algeria (North Africa); syntypes: MNHN (lost)].— Iraq synonyms: Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Krupp &amp; Schneider (1989: 400, fig. 52); Esmaeili (2021: 309, fig. 17.13).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Saleh (2007) (Tigris River); Al-Saadi et al. (2012) (Euphrates River); confirmed by confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014); Jawad et al. (2018) (Shatt al-Arab River).—Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: North Africa: Morocco east to Egypt, south to Nigeria and Central African Republic; Middle East: Syria south to Israel and Jordan. Introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperature (below 10–13 oC) is restricted for distribution. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D707FD0FFC9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D58FFD0FFAB8.text	D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D58FFD0FFAB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner 1864)	<div><p>Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) [I]—Blue tilapia</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chromis aureus Steindachner, 1864: 229, Pl. 8 (fig. 5) [locality unknown; no types known].— Iraq synonyms: Tilapia aurea (Steindachner, 1864).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Steindachner (1864: 229, pl. 8, fig. 5); Esmaeili (2021: 310, fig. 17.4).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mutlak &amp; Al-Faisal (2009); confirmed by Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: MSCUB.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River.—General distribution: Middle East and Africa. Introduced widely elsewhere.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperature (below 10–13 oC) is restricted for distribution. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D58FFD0FFAB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D39AFD0FF839.text	D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D39AFD0FF839.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) [I]—Nile tilapia</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Perca niloticus Linnaeus, 1758: 290 [Nile River; holotype:?NRM LP 10].— Iraq synonyms: Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1758); Chromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758).—Revisions: None.— Illustration: Teugels &amp; Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. (1992: 760, fig.); Esmaeili et al. (2022b: 490, fig. 46).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Al-Faisal &amp; Mutlak (2014); confirmed by Mohamed and Al-Wan (2020) — Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates River.—General distribution: North Africa and East Africa. Widely introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of flowing water habitats, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is the most environmentally tolerant of all tilapia species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Low water temperature (below 10–13 oC) is restricted for distribution. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB7FF9998C8D39AFD0FF839	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D7B2FD0FFC2D.text	D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D7B2FD0FFC2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gambusia holbrooki Girard 1859	<div><p>Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 [I]—Eastern mosquitofish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859: 390 [Palatka, eastern Florida, (Palatka, eastern Florida and Charleston, South Carolina), USA; lectotype: ANSP 6976; lectotype selected by Huber (2019: 64)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Rauchenberger (1989: 3).—Illustration: McEachran &amp; Fechhelm (1998: 924, fig.); Esmaeili (2021: 313, fig. 17.18).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by the government of Iraq during 1950s to combat malaria); confirmed by Jawad (2003); Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Widespread all basins of Iraq.—General distribution: North America: Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages, eastern USA; widely introduced elsewhere for mosquito control.—Habitat: This species often occurs in shallow, often stagnant ponds and the shallow edges of lakes and streams where predatory fishes are largely absent and temperatures are high. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. No commercial importance.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Bio-control: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D7B2FD0FFC2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D21EFD0FFA25.text	D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D21EFD0FFA25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur 1821)	<div><p>Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) [I]—Sailfin molly</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mollienesia latipinna Lesueur, 1821a: 3, Pl. 3 [Freshwater ponds in the vicinity of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; lectotype: MNHN B-0929].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Miller (2006: 234).—Illustration: Miller (2006: 235, fig. 6.275); Esmaeili (2021: 313, fig. 17.19).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Kennedy (1937); confirmed by Hussain et al. (2009); Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Somewhere Tigris and Euphrates River drainages.—General distribution: North America: southeastern U.S.A. south to Tuxpan (Veracruz, Mexico); introduced widely elsewhere.—Habitat: This species lives in springs, lakes, and ponds; backwaters and pools of streams; drainage ditches; and salt marshes. Freshwater, brackish.</p> <p>Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.</p> <p>Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.</p> <p>Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB6FF9898C8D21EFD0FFA25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB6FF9B98C8D07DFEE1FE6C.text	D65887E4FFB6FF9B98C8D07DFEE1FE6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphaniops stoliczkanus (Day 1872)	<div><p>Aphaniops stoliczkanus (Day, 1872) [N]—Killifish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinodon stoliczkanus Day, 1872: 258 [Stream at the village Joorun and along edge of the Rann River, Lodai, India, 22°30’N, 69°20’E; Stream at the village Joorun and along edge of the Rann River, Lodai, India, 22°30’N, 69°20’E].— Iraq synonyms: Aphanius stoliczkanus (Day, 1872).— Revisions: Charmpila et al. (2020: 2); Esmaeili et al. (2020).—Illustration: Kärst et al. (2020: 115, figs.); Esmaeili et al. (2022b: 450, fig. 50).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Unknown introduction; confirmed by Freyhof et al. (2021a).—Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Oman and Persian Gulf.—General distribution: Middle East, South Asia: Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan and Gujarat (India).—Habitat: This species lives in euyhyaline, inshore habitats with dense structures of vegetation or stones. Also common in coral reefs in the Red Sea and widely distributed in the lower parts of rivers, streams, and all kinds of inland water bodies, especially if these have brackish waters. They can also be found in freshwater environments. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB6FF9B98C8D07DFEE1FE6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D267FD25F9B4.text	D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D267FD25F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 [N]—Flathead mullet</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758: 316 [European sea, Europe; syntypes: NRM 43 (1), 44 (2), 143 (1)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Thomson (1997: 483).— Illustration: Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1202, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mahdi (1971); confirmed by Jawad (2021).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf.—General distribution: Nearly circumglobal in temperate and tropical seas and estuaries (including Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sea of Japan); introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This is a euryhaline, pelagic nearshore species that sometimes forages in lagoons, estuaries, and lower courses of rivers and can tolerate freshwater. It inhabits inshore marine waters, estuaries, lagoons, and rivers, where it can tolerate wide ranges of temperature and salinity. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D267FD25F9B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D7DFFAD9FC40.text	D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D7DFFAD9FC40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphanius mento (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Paraphanius mento (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Pearl-spotted killifish</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Lebias mento Heckel, 1843: 1089 [99] [Mossul, northern Iraq (36°18’N, 43°18’E); Possible syntypes: NMW 21699-704 (6), 59832 (21)].— Iraq synonyms: Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843).— Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2020).—Illustration: Heckel (1843: pl. 6 (fig. 4)).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. Recorded from Iraq in original description by Heckel (1843).—Iraq materials: NMW.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris River basin.—General distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (southern Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, streams, lakes, and rivers. Freshwater.</p> <p>Economic importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be strong enough to threaten this species.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB5FF9B98C8D7DFFAD9FC40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB5FF9A98C8D0A7FD86FE49.text	D65887E4FFB5FF9A98C8D0A7FD86FE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiliza abu (Heckel 1843)	<div><p>Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Abu mullet</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil abu Heckel, 1843: 1097 [107] [Tigris River, near Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 9224-30 (7), 67868 (2)].— Iraq synonyms: Chelon abu (Heckel, 1843); Liza abu (Heckel, 1843).— Revisions: Thomson (1997: 513 as Liza abu).—Illustration: Randall (1995: 234, fig., as Chelon abu).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Heckel (1843); confirmed by Al-Hassan et al. (1989).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Euphrates and Tigris River drainages.—General distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and adjacent Euphrates and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Habitat: This is a freshwater mullet, found in streams, rivers, drains, channels, canals, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, including fish farms. It is found in schools. It is found in surface waters and the submerged vegetation of lakes and marshes, preferring a gentle flow of water, and it enters deeper waters in cold winters. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: CLI, EUT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB5FF9A98C8D0A7FD86FE49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D7B3FE0BFC09.text	D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D7B3FE0BFC09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiliza carinata (Valenciennes 1836)	<div><p>Planiliza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836) [N]—Keeled mullet</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil carinatus Valenciennes (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1836: 148 [Red Sea; lectotype: MNHN A-3643].— Iraq synonyms: Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836); Liza carinatus (Valenciennes, 1836); Chelon carinata (Valenciennes, 1836); Chelon carinatus (Valenciennes, 1836).—Revisions: Thomson (1997: 518 as Liza carinata).—Illustration: Ben-Tuvia in Whitehead et al. (1986: 1200, fig., as Liza carinata).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed &amp; Hameed (2019).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar, and Persian Gulf east to India; immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea through Suez Canal (Red Sea immigrant).—Habitat: This species occurs in shallow coastal waters and in brackish and freshwater regions of rivers. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D7B3FE0BFC09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D5F3FE0BFA25.text	D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D5F3FE0BFA25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiliza klunzingeri (Day 1888)	<div><p>Planiliza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) [N]—Mullet</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Planiliza klunzingeri Day, 1888: 264 [Mumbai, India; lectotype: ZSI 1407].— Iraq synonyms: Liza klunzingeri (Day, 1888); Chelon klunzingeri (Day, 1888).—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Randall (1995: 235, fig., as Chelon klunzingeri).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Hussain et al. (2009); confirmed by Abood (2010).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf watersheds.—General distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Mumbai (India).—Habitat: This species inhabits coral reefs and occurs in coastal waters in marine, freshwater, and brackish habitats. It forms schools in shallow coastal waters and enters lagoons, marshes, estuaries, and the lower courses of rivers to feed. Brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Moderate priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB4FF9A98C8D5F3FE0BFA25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FFB4FFA598C8D017FC56FF39.text	D65887E4FFB4FFA598C8D017FC56FF39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiliza macrolepis (Smith 1846)	<div><p>Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846) [N]—Largescale mullet</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil macrolepis Smith, 1846: no pagination, Pl. 28 (fig. 2) [Rivers and freshwater lakes, South Africa; holotype (unique): BMNH 1859.5.7.56 (dry)].— Iraq synonyms: Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1846); Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1846).—Revisions:Thomson (1997:524) as Liza macrolepis.—Illustration: Harrison &amp; Senou (1999: 2088, fig.) as Liza macrolepis; Esmaeili et al. (2022b: 486, fig. 42).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Al-Hassan &amp; Hussain (1985).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar, and eastern Mascarenes (Rodrigues) east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Korea and Osumi Islands (southern Japan), south to New Caledonia, Aitutaki (Cook Islands) and Austral Islands (French Polynesia).—Habitat: This species occurs in shallow coastal waters and in brackish and freshwater regions of rivers. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are no known major threats to this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.— Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFB4FFA598C8D017FC56FF39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D723FCACFC2D.text	D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D723FCACFC2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes 1836)	<div><p>Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) [N]—Greenback mullet</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Mugil subviridis Valenciennes in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1836: 115 [Ganges River, Malabar, India; syntypes: MNHN A-3649 (now 1) Mumbai, A-3650 (1) Ganges, A-3651 (1) Puducherry, 1990-0132 (ex MNHN A-3649) (1);?ZMB (ex MNHN) 1834 (1) Mumbai].— Iraq synonyms: Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836); Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836).—Revisions: Thomson (1997: 533 as Chelon subviridis).—Illustration: Harrison &amp; Senou (1999: 2093, fig., as Chelon subviridis).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Al-Nasiri et al. (1976); confirmed by Al-Hassan &amp; Madhi (1987).—Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf watersheds.—General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and kwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf and Socotra (Yemen) east to Philippines, Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia.—Habitat: This species inhabits coral reefs and occurs in coastal waters in marine, freshwater, and brackish habitats. It forms schools in shallow coastal waters and enters lagoons, marshes, estuaries, and the lower courses of rivers to feed. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, EUT, FIT, TOU.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D723FCACFC2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D2CAFE0BF959.text	D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D2CAFE0BF959.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Terapon puta Cuvier 1829	<div><p>Terapon puta Cuvier, 1829 [N]—Small-scaled terapon</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Terapon puta Cuvier in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1829: 148 [Visakhapatnam, India: holotype: Not known].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Vari (1978: 262).—Illustration: Randall (1995: 152, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed &amp; Abood (2017a).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Persian Gulf, and Madagascar east to Philippines, south to Western Australia and Queensland (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).—Habitat: This species inhabits coastal and brackish waters. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: NE (2023).—Threats: Unknown.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8BFFA598C8D2CAFE0BF959	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8BFFA498C8D0C5FD86FEA5.text	D65887E4FF8BFFA498C8D0C5FD86FEA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Terapon theraps Cuvier 1829	<div><p>Terapon theraps Cuvier, 1829 [N]—Largescaled terapon</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Terapon theraps Cuvier (ex Commerson) in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1829: 129, Pl. 53 [Java, Indonesia; Mahé [Seychelles, western Indian Ocean].: syntypes: MNHN A-5518 (1, dry) Indian Ocean, 7901 (1) Java, A-0210 (2, dry)].— Iraq synonyms: Pseudoterapon theraps (Cuvier, 1829); Eutherapon theraps (Cuvier, 1829).—Revisions: Vari (1978: 259).—Illustration: Randall (1995: 153, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed and Abood (2017a).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Philippines and Rotuma (Fiji), north to Korea and central Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (immigrant through Suez Canal).—Habitat: This species inhabits coastal and brackish waters. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats:Threats are unknown.— Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8BFFA498C8D0C5FD86FEA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D7FBFE0BFC65.text	D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D7FBFE0BFC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki 2013	<div><p>Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 [N]—Arabian yellowfin seabream</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013: 83, fig. 4 (b) [Western Coast of Qatar (market specimen): holotype: MUFS 33840].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Iwatsuki (2013: fig. 4b); Esmaeili et al. (2014: 24, figs. 2–5).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Mohamed &amp; Abood (2017a).—Iraq materials: None.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Shatt al-Arab River.—General distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Pakistan and India.—Habitat: This species occurs throughout the gulf in shallow waters. Brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: FIT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D7FBFE0BFC65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D5D7FD86F9ED.text	D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D5D7FD86F9ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthopagrus berda (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Acanthopagrus berda (Fabricius, 1775) [N]—Picnic seabream</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Sparus berda Fabricius, 1775: 32, xi [Al-Luhayya (Luhaiya), Yemen, Red Sea, approximately 15°41’52”N, 41°41’07”E; holotype: ZMUC P50555 (left dry skin, poor condition)].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Iwatsuki (2013: 87).—Illustration: Randall (1995: 223, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Hora &amp; Misra (1943) confirmed by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi (1962), Al-Hassan &amp; Hussain (1985), Al-Dubaikel (1986), Al-Hassan et al. (1989) —Iraq materials: Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Tigris and Euphrates River drainages.—General distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to Malaysia and Singapore.—Habitat: This species is an estuarine-dependent species that is found mainly on sandy and muddy grounds in shallow coastal waters to depths of 50 m and rarely enters freshwaters. Juveniles inhabit protected bays and estuaries. It feeds on invertebrates, including worms, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms, and small fish. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Commercially important.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: FIT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8AFFA498C8D5D7FD86F9ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8AFFA798C8D0C3FE0BFE49.text	D65887E4FF8AFFA798C8D0C3FE0BFE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus 1766)	<div><p>Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) [N]—Spotted scat</p> <p>Taxonomy. Original description: Chaetodon argus Linnaeus, 1766: 464 [India; holotype: MJAS (whereabouts unknown)].—Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Randall (1995: 383, fig.).</p> <p>Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by Al-Nasiri &amp; Shamsul Hoda (1975).; confirmed by Jawad et al. (2021).— Iraq materials:</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Persian Gulf.—General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Korea and central Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia.—Habitat: This species is usually found in estuaries, harbors, mangrove sloughs, and the lower reaches of freshwater streams, especially those with high mineral concentrations. This species feeds on benthic algae, plant matter, and small benthic invertebrates. Freshwater, brackish, marine.</p> <p>Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance. Has the potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p>Conservation. Conservation Status in Iraq: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: FIT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered a keystone species.—Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8AFFA798C8D0C3FE0BFE49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D692FA84FEA5.text	D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D692FA84FEA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acipenser baerii Brandt 1869	<div><p>Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869</p> <p>Remarks. This species was reported by Mousavi-Sabet et al.(2019) from Tigris River. 34°33′0.39′′N, 045°46′20.02′′E) and from the Ghuretu Stream where it enters the reservoir (34°32′42.11′′N, 45°47′33.59′′E) (both about 1.5-3.5 km away from the cage-culture farm within the reservoir) in the Tigris-Euphrates basin, Kermanshah Province, western Iran, at the border of Iraq. Its presence and establishment success in Iraq should be confirmed by specimen.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D692FA84FEA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D7B2FE0DFD69.text	D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D7B2FE0DFD69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alburnoides diclensis Turan, Bektas, Kaya & Baycelebi 2016	<div><p>Alburnoides diclensis Turan, Bektaş, Kaya &amp; Bayçelebi, 2016</p> <p>Remarks. Alburnoides bipunctatus was reported from Iraq by Coad (2010). However, Iraq is not in the natural distribution of the species. This record refers one of recently identified species in this region. Alburnoides diclensis was identified from the Eziki stream, Tigris River drainage, Hakkari Province, Turkey. It has not yet been recorded from Iraq; it is, however, distributed in transboundary waters. Therefore, the presence of the species should be clarified by a field sample.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D7B2FE0DFD69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D4FEFF20FC65.text	D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D4FEFF20FC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garra rezai Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof 2022	<div><p>Garra rezai Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya &amp; Freyhof, 2022</p> <p>Remarks. This species was identified from Stream Bouein-Sofla, Iran. It has not yet been recorded from Iraq; it is, however, distributed in transboundary waters. Therefore, the presence of the species should be clarified by a field sample.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D4FEFF20FC65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D5F2FDF8FB61.text	D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D5F2FDF8FB61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax pallens Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Vatandoust & Freyhof 2021	<div><p>Glyptothorax pallens Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Vatandoust &amp; Freyhof, 2021</p> <p>Remarks. This species was identified from Stream Zemkan, Kermanshah Province, Iran. This species has not yet been recorded from Iraq; it is, however, distributed in transboundary waters. Therefore, the presence of the species should be clarified by a field sample.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D5F2FDF8FB61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D2F6FA93FA01.text	D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D2F6FA93FA01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Huso huso (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Remarks. This species was reported by Mosavi-Sabet et al. (2019) from Tigris River. 34°33′0.39′′N, 045°46′20.02′′E) and from the Ghuretu Stream where it enters the reservoir (34°32′42.11′′N, 45°47′33.59′′E) (both about 1.5-3.5 km away from the cage-culture farm within the reservoir) in the Tigris-Euphrates basin, Kermanshah Province, western Iran, at the border of Iraq. Its presence and establishment success in Iraq should be confirmed by a specimen.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FF8DFFA398C8D2F6FA93FA01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Çiçek, Erdoğan;Jawad, Laith;Eagderi, Soheil;Esmaeili, Hamid Reza;Mouludi-Saleh, Atta;Sungur, Sevil;Fricke, Ronald	Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald (2023): Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023. Zootaxa 5357 (1): 1-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
