taxonID	type	description	language	source
73444D3AFFEF91126AD7FD67AE25A0D3.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Heteragrion flavovittatum Selys, 1862: 18, by original designation. Other species included: Heteragrion aequatoriale Selys, 1886; H. albifrons Ris, 1918; H. alienum Williamson, 1919; H. angustipenne Selys, 1886; H. archon De Marmels, 2008; H. aurantiacum Selys, 1862; H. azulum Dunkle, 1989; H. bariai De Marmels, 1989; H. beschkii Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. bickorum Daigle, 2005; H. breweri De Marmels, 1989; H. brianmayi Lencioni, 2013; H. calafatiensis Mendoza-Penagos, Juen & Vilela, 2022; H. calendulum Williamson, 1919; H. cauei Ávila-Jr., Lencioni & Carneiro, 2017; H. chlorotaeniatum De Marmels, 1989; H. chrysops Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. cinnamomeum Selys, 1862; H. consors Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. cooki Daigle & Tennessen, 2000; H. corderoi sp. nov.; H. cyane Machado & Souza, 2014; H. demarmelsi Stand-Pérez, Bota-Sierra & Pérez-Gutiérrez, 2019; H. denisye Vilela, Koroiva & Guillermo-Ferreira, 2019; H. dorsale Selys, 1862; H. eboratum Donnelly, 1965; H. erythrogastrum Selys, 1886; H. flavidorsum Calvert, 1909; H. freddiemercuryi Lencioni, 2013; H. gorbi Cezário & Guillermo-Ferreira, 2021; H. gracile Machado, 2006; H. ictericum Williamson, 1919; H. icterops Selys, 1862; H. inca Calvert, 1909; H. itacolomii Ávila-Jr., Lencioni & Carneiro, 2020; H. johndeaconi Lencioni, 2013; H. lencionii Vilela, Farias & Santos, 2021; H. luizfelipei Machado, 2006; H. majus Selys, 1886; H. makiritare De Marmels, 2004; H. mantiqueirae Machado, 2006; H. mitratum Williamson, 1919 H. muryense Costa & Santos, 2000; H. obsoletum Selys, 1886; H. ochraceum Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. ovatum Selys, 1862; H. palmichale Hartung, 2002; H. pemon De Marmels, 1987; H. peregrinum Williamson, 1919; H. petiense Machado, 1988; H. rogertaylori Lencioni, 2013; H. roquei Vilela, Rodrigues & Lencioni, 2022; H. rubrifulvum Donnelly, 1992; H. silvarum Sj ̂ stedt, 1918; H. simulatum Williamson, 1919; H. tatama Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2017; H. thais Machado, 2015; H. tiradentense Machado & Bedê, 2006; H. triangulare Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. tricellulare Calvert, 1901; H. valgum Donnelly, 1992. From now on, authors’ names and publication dates will be omitted.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFEF91126AD7FD67AE25A0D3.taxon	diagnosis	Generic characterization and diagnosis (distinct features from other heteragrionids in squared brackets). Medium to large (36 – 60 mm) heteragrionids [Dimeragrion Calvert, 1913 30 – 52 mm; Heteropodagrion Selys, 1885 and Oxystigma 35 – 50 mm]. Head varying from entirely black, black dorsally and yellow ventrally, reddish, and irregular patterns of black, blue, grey and orange [black and blue in Oxystigma; brown to black with pale details in Dimeragrion and Heteropodagrion]; angulated frons (shared with other heteragrionids). Posterolateral margins and hind lobe of prothorax rounded (shared with Oxystigma). Pterothorax often bearing a black humeral stripe; overall coloration black / brown, with pale and vivid yellow / orange areas in most species, others with shades of grey and blue [Dimeragrion with black and pale colors, bearing some dorsal pruinescence in some species; Heteropodagrion with reddish tones]; hind femur almost reaching S 2 [reaching mid S 2 in Dimeragrion, Heteropodagrion and Oxystigma]; no accessory veins basal or distal to CuP [with 1 or more basal veins in Dimeragrion]; CuP closer to antenodal 2 than to 1 [closer to antenodal 1 in Heteropodagrion; closer to antenodal 1 or midway between 1 and 2 in Oxystigma]; two cells between quadrangle and vein descending from subnodus in HW discoidal field [1 cell in Oxystigma; 1 or 2 in Heteropodagrion]; RP 3 recessed at subnodus or proximal to nodus [recessed well before subnodus in Dimeragrion and Heteropodagrion; at subnodus in Oxystigma]. Abdomen with no tubercles in ventral S 1 [a pair of tubercles in Dimeragrion]; in most species yellow / orange, dark brown or black dorsally with pale apical rings, S 8 – 10 largely orange, with some species presenting lively red or blue / black colors [largely black in Oxystigma; bearing pruinosity in the last segments in Dimeragrion]; distal segment of genital ligula with lateral flagella, lacking inner fold [well-developed inner fold in Dimeragrion and Heteropodagrion]. Cerci elongated, forcipate or spear-like, robust compared to the length of S 10, with a well-developed medial lobe [poorly developed on Heteropodagrion]; Group B species with well-developed paraprocts, which vary in size and shape. These features have been described and compiled based on previous studies by Geijskes (1976), De Marmels (1987, 1989), von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2007), Garrison et al. (2010), Lencioni (2013), and Garrison (2014). Morphological comments The taxonomic diversity of Heteragrion is evident when examining its representatives, that stands out among other members of the family (Williamson 1919; Garrison et al. 2010; Lencioni 2013; Stand-Pérez et al. 2019). Species delimitation in this genus is mostly based on the morphology of the male anal appendages, as knowledge of female structures is still limited and requires further extensive study, although recent publications have made significant progress on this topic (Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017; Stand-Pérez et al. 2019; Vilela et al. 2019 a). When comparing the two groups of species in Heteragrion (A and B), it is possible to observe some distinct differences in their appendages: 1) in Group A species, the cerci have a more truncate and forcipate aspect (“ en crochets ”, as stated by Selys 1862), with basal dilatations and broad plates (see Figs. 1 – 4 for comparisons between the groups); and 2) in Group B species, the cerci are more slender, spear-like and often with acute tips. However, there are some exceptions. For instance, H. aurantiacum (Figs. 12 f – i), a Group A species, has the basal portion of cercus poorly expanded, in contrast to other species from the same group, like H. brianmayi (Fig. 18 d) or H. cauei (Fig. 21 d). Similarly, H. archon (Fig. 11 c) and H. palmichale (Fig. 53 c), both Group B species, have broad and downward curved cercus, standing out not only from other Group B species, but from all congeners. The cercus in Heteragrion (see also Lencioni 2013 for further images on different angles) can be divided into three main portions (Figs. 1 a – b, 2 a – h, 3 a – f): (i) the basal portion (BP), which is the part of the cercus attached to S 10, displays a wide range of morphological variations among the different species. They can be compact (Figs. 2 e – f); bear many degrees of convexities (Figs. 10 f, 14 e, g) or hollow concavities (Figs. 15 c, 25 e, 52 e); tubercles or apophyses (Figs. 4 b – c); or unique ventral branches (H. muryense, Figs. 51 c – d). The structural features of the BP are far more diversified in shape and size on Group A species, whereas Group B species have usually compact BPs, lacking any expanded concavities in this area. On the other hand, BP convexities (as seen in Figs. 10 f, 14 e, g) are a Group B feature. It is important to notice the difference between the convexities present in some Group B species and the ventral tubercle (or apophysis, Figs. 4 b – c) present in some Group A species: whereas the convexities are expanded medially on the medial margin of the BP, the tubercles are extended downwards, being restricted to that ventral area.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFEF91126AD7FD67AE25A0D3.taxon	description	(ii) the medial portion (MP), whose extension is delimited by the size and development of the medial lobe (ML, Fig. 1 a) and the extension of the toothed carina (Fig. 1 b), bears the most important character-delimiting species on the genus. The ML is a more complex structure in Group A than in Group B species. Some Group A species have the ML composed of a lower plate, an upper plate, and a carina that extends between them, in a “ two-story ” structure (Figs. 2 a – d). Other species of the same group have more simple ML structures, bearing a medial toothed carina (elevated carina in H. cooki, Fig. 26 c), dividing the plate and reaching or not its apex (Figs. 3 a – c). The apex is also a structure that varies in shape and size, being squared (Fig. 63 c, 65 c), rounded (Fig. 28 c, 45 d), bilobate (Fig. 30 c) or undulate (Figs. 37 c – d). On species from Group B, the medial portion (MP) features a toothed ridge, located immediately above the ML (Figs. 1 b, 2 g – h, 3 d – f). In some species, the toothed ridge is robust, bearing strong teeth and covering part of the ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views (Figs. 2 g – h). In other species, the ridge bears only small teeth, not covering the ML in any view (Figs. 9 e, 20 e, 32 c – d). Or the ML is free of any dividing ridges, the plate entire or smooth (Figs. 2 e – h). In some cases, a row of small teeth on the ML do not form a ridge (Fig. 62 d). In contrast, all Group A species bear a strong ridge dividing the ML, in most cases at its middle. (iii) the apical portion (AP) is delimited from the MP by a junction that may be in different shapes: angled (Fig. 14 d – e), rounded (Fig. 14 g), or nearly straight (Fig. 19 c). Where this junction is not well delimited at the base of ML, as seen in H. calafatiensis (Fig. 19), the MP-AP border is delimited by the apical end of the toothed ridge (i. e., apical tooth, Fig. 19 c). AP varies greatly in length, being long, as in H. albifrons (Figs. 8 c – d) and H. consors (Fig. 25 c), or very short, as in H. archon (Fig. 11 c), H. palmichale (Fig. 53 c) and H. calendulum (Fig. 20 e). In species with long AP portions, it is quite common for these structures to include a longitudinal depression (Fig. 31 c). In medial view, the AP does not bear any morphological character important in taxonomic distinction. Instead, it is invariably a slightly concave structure bearing no ridges or carinas; those are confined to the upper margin (Figs. 14 e, 16 e). Intraspecific variation and species delimitation Especially for species in which we could examine a large series of specimens, a wide range of variation in terms of color and morphology were observed (Figs. 5, 12, 42, 60). As discussed by Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutiérrez (2017), color and morphological variation are known and well documented for only a few species of the genus, and based on what we could observe among the examined material and literature, this variability has been recorded for only a few species due to inadequate sampling and, in some cases, poor preservation of deposited specimens. Some boundaries between species are difficult to delimit, mainly because many of them are represented by few individuals, making difficult the analysis of intra- and interspecific variability. For example, similar species such as H. ictericum and H. pemon; H. palmichale and H. archon; H. rogertaylori and H. thais are morphologically close, and new synonymies may be feasible pending studies on a molecular level or further morphological assessment with more specimens. Thus, we can assume that the intraspecific variation of nearly half of the Heteragrion species is unknown or poorly known, and this can lead us to misinterpret variations, causing species to be described as new that later can have their names synonymized. In this study, we treat these species as valid and consider the combination of characters provided by the original authors to separate morphologically close taxa. Several Heteragrion species (14, to be accurate) have their conservation status assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, mainly due to the paucity of specimens known and recent specimens lacking (see species accounts). These species total nearly 23 % of the known species, and this percentage may grow even more if we add recently described species (i. e., in the last 30 years) based on small series collected in one or two localities, such as H. muryense, H. gracile, H. mantiqueirae, H. freddiemercuryi, H. brianmayi, H. johndeaconi, H. cyane, H. thais, H. denisye, and H. roquei.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFEF91126AD7FD67AE25A0D3.taxon	distribution	Distribution This genus is widespread in the Neotropical region, being found from Central Mexico to Southern Brazil and Northeastern Argentina (Fig. 6). As discussed in the previous section, the distributional data for most species is probably still inadequate, but even with this data deficit we can spot a difference in distribution between the two distinct groups of species. Group B species (Fig. 6, red dots) are mostly found in the Andean region, Central America, and Mexico, whereas Group A species (Fig. 6, green dots) are found mostly in Brazil (from North to South), but also being recorded in Venezuela, Ecuador and in the southern Brazilian border with Argentina. There is a “ common area ”, where species from both groups can be found, that ranges from southern Venezuela to the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, comprising, therefore most of the Brazilian and Venezuelan Amazon Basin.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF991116AD7FDCDAF33A505.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 a – h) [Key locator Key to Group B species, couplet 29 (26 ’)] Heteragrion aequatoriale: Selys 1886: 63 – 64 (description of ♁ and ♀ Bogota (unlikely), Colombia); — Calvert 1909: 107 – 108 (first drawings of ♁ appendages, fig. 37; considerations about specimens collected in Peru; noting some color variations among his and Selys specimens); — Ris 1918: 85 (notices taxonomic variations in specimens collected in Peru); — Williamson 1919: 13, 35 – 36 (key to species, ♁ in couplet g 3; drawings of ♁ and ♀ head figs. 44 – 45, drawing of ♁ right superior appendage figs. 93, 131; notices some inconsistencies on Selys’s original description with ♁♁ from Peru; notes on specimens studied by Calvert and drawn by Menger, fig. 131; remainder figs. 44, 45, 113, 132, 160, 161); — Paulson 1981: 303 – 304 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species); — Donnelly 1992: 58 (comparisons with H. rubrifulvum); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 – 89 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 372 – 373); — Bota-Sierra et al. 2016: 67 – 86 (misidentified as H. calendulum); — Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 555 – 559 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 3, ♀ in couplet 2; taxonomic history of the species, variation among specimens; description of the ♀; figs. 3 a – h, 4 a, 5 a, e, 6 c – d); — Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92 – 93 (notes on localities found in Colombia, altitudinal range, type depository and IUCN category; key to species, ♁ in couplet 5, ♀ in couplet 2).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF991116AD7FDCDAF33A505.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Acre state, Sena Madureira, Resex Cazumbá-Iracema, 21. vii. 2019, (- 9.1348, - 68.9494), V. R. S. Ferreira leg., LABECO; 1 ♁ same date, but 17. viii. 2019, R. C. Bastos leg.; 1 ♁ same date, but 19. viii. 2019, V. R. S. Ferreira leg.; 1 ♁ same date, but 25. viii. 2019, V. R. S. Ferreira leg; 1 ♁ COLOMBIA, Cañón del Río Taibá, 27. vii. 2016, (5.2271, - 76.0828, 1530 m asl), J. Sandoval & C. Bota [Sierra] leg., CEUA. Known distribution. Brazil (Acre state), Colombia (western and central Andes), Ecuador and Peru.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF991116AD7FDCDAF33A505.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The syntype illustrations made by von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2007, Figs. 7 e – h), and the details provided to them by Daigle (von Ellenrieder & Garrison 2007: 5 – 6) were helpful to a confident diagnosis of this species, which is morphologically close to H. mitratum and H. bariai. This species can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP with a nearly straight margin, bearing no swelling or convexity (Figs. 7 e – f); MP the shortest portion of cercus (Figs. 7 e – f); ridge above ML sinuous, bearing strong teeth, with a carina parallel to the ridge (Figs. 7 e – f); junction of ridge-ML with a marked cleft (Figs. 7 g – h); ML apex blunt (Figs. 7 g – h). Here we report the first record of this species in Brazil.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFA91106AD7FBB7AE0DA1ED.taxon	description	(Figs. 8 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 10 (9 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFA91106AD7FBB7AE0DA1ED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ MEXICO, Oaxaca, mountain road to Tuxtepec, 27. viii. 1959, (545 m asl), G. H. & A. F. Beatty leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ Veracruz, stream near Playa Escondida, 9 – 13. viii. 1982, (18.5666, - 95.0666), R. W. Garrison leg., ABMM (head missing); 1 ♁ COSTA RICA, Horquetas, 28. v. 2013, (10.2836, - 84.0468, 764 m asl), A. C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO. Known distribution. Costa Rica and Mexico.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFA91106AD7FBB7AE0DA1ED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Robust and remarkable species, mainly for the male head coloration (Fig. 8 a), which is paler than in any other species of the genus. According to Paulson (1981) and CBS (personal observation), the abdomen is entirey red, except for some yellowish on S 1 – 2, as do some H. chrysops (Williamson 1919). Heteragrion albifrons can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP with a nearly straight margin (Figs. 8 c – e); portions of cercus all subequal in size (Fig. 8 d); ridge above ML straight, partially covering ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views, its apex forming a narrow tip (Figs. 8 c – e); ML quite broad, its apex rounded (Fig. 8 e); mouthparts and frons largely pale (Fig. 8 a). Morphologically close to H. tricellulare.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFB91106AD7FB76AA0AA6DB.taxon	description	(Figs. 9 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 17 (16)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFB91106AD7FB76AA0AA6DB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♁♁ MEXICO, Veracruz, “ Los Tuxtlas ”, Arroyo Tatocapán, 29. viii. 1958, G. H. & A. F. Beatty leg., ABMM (two males in the same envelope). Known distribution. Guatemala, Southern Honduras (Dennis Paulson pers. comm.) and Mexico.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFB91106AD7FB76AA0AA6DB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Regarding cercus morphology, H. alienum is close to H. chrysops, H. valgum, H. calendulum and H. eboratum, with which it shares the MP ridge bearing only small teeth and not partially covering ML. This species can be separated from these and other Group B species by the following character combination: BP the longest cercus portion in length (Figs. 9 c – e); ridge above ML consisting of very small denticles, not partially covering ML (Fig. 9 e); ML bearing no teeth or carina on its plate (Fig. 9 e); AP longer than MP, bearing a longitudinal depression (Fig. 9 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFC91166AD7FB1AA8E4A632.taxon	description	(Figs. 10 a – g) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 29 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFC91166AD7FB1AA8E4A632.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Rondônia state, Porto Velho, Caicala, 16. i. 2014, A. L. Andrade & G. Nicácio leg., LABECO. 13 ♁♁ COLOMBIA, Putumayo Department, Mocoa Municipality, Quebrada Sangoyaco, (650 m asl), L. Pérez, J, Montes & J. Villamil leg., UARC; 3 ♁♁ Vereda Los Sauces (600 m asl), Pérez & J. Montes leg., UARC; 2 ♁♁ Serranía de los Churumbelos National Park, 26. i. 2013, (1000 m asl), UARC; 1 ♁ Putumayo Department, Orito Municipality, near Nuevo Mundo, (0.6725, - 77.0798, 950 m asl), M. Vigano leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ road to Nuevo Mundo island, 20. i. 2017, (0.6613, - 77.0767, 890 m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso, & O. Janni leg., CEUA. Known distribution. Brazil (Amazonas and Rondônia states), Colombia (eastern Andean foothills), Ecuador, and Peru.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFC91166AD7FB1AA8E4A632.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. As already highlighted by Selys (1886), Williamson (1919), and Stand-Pérez et al. (2019), Heteragrion angustipenne is very similar in morphology to H. aequatoriale, with which it shares the cleft on the ridge-ML junction and the ridge bearing two rows of strong teeth (Figs. 7 f – h; Fig. 10 f – h). Apart from these similarities, H. angustipenne can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP only slightly convex (Figs. 10 d – g); ridge above ML nearly straight, long, with an additional row of teeth below the main ridge, partially covering ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views (Figs. 10 d – g); ML with acute apex (Figs. 10 d – g); MP – AP junction with a marked cleft (Fig. 10 g).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFD91156AD7F8ACA98AA329.taxon	description	(Figs. 11 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 4 ’] Heteragrion archon: De Marmels 2008: 151 – 155 (description of ♁ holotype from Venezuela; comparisons with H. palmichale); — von Ellenrieder 2009 a: 63 (listed among Neotropical species described between 2004 – 2009); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 90 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 383 – 384); — Vivas-Santeliz & De Marmels 2017: 45, 50 (listed among endemic Venezuelan species being assessed by IUCN).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFD91156AD7F8ACA98AA329.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Known only from type material; examined through original description and holotype images. Known distribution. Venezuela (coastal cordillera).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFD91156AD7F8ACA98AA329.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. See the morphological comments on this species in the section of H. palmichale. Heteragrion archon was assessed as CR by the IUCN Red List, as “ recent visits to its type locality and similar habitats in the surrounding region have failed to find this species, which is threatened by tourism and fires ” (Vivas-Santeliz et al. 2021 a). We hope that additional surveys are conducted within the type locality and the adjacent areas to assess the present conservation status of the species.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFE911B6AD7F92AAAACA745.taxon	description	(Figs. 12 a – j) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 14 ’] Heteragrion aurantiacum: Selys 1862: 25 [23 reprint] (description of ♁ and ♀, from “ Le Brésil ”); — Selys 1886: 60 (species diagnosis, H. amazonicum and H. cinnamomeum as synonym); — Calvert 1909: 114 – 115 (discussion, illustration of ♁ appendages in mediodorsal view; fig. 40); — Williamson 1919: 26 – 28 (key to species, ♁ in couplet d 1, ♀ in couplet c 1; species diagnosis and illustration of head of ♁ and ♀, ♁ appendages in mediodorsal and lateral views, ♁ and ♀ prothorax in dorsal view; figs. 21 – 22, 78 – 79, 111, 121 – 122, 141 – 142, 143 – 144); — Santos 1968: 13 – 15 (larval description, illustration of larval habitus, antennae, labium, ♀ S 9 – 10;, figs. 1 – 4); — Santos 1970: 149 (recorded in Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro state); — De Marmels 1987: 231 (color similarity with H. silvarum); — Costa & Santos 1999: 2 (comparison with larvae of H. consors); — Costa & Santos 2000: 4 (key); — Lencioni 2005: 126, Figs. 75 a – c (description and distribution in Brazil, illustration of ♁ appendages in mediodorsal, dorsal and lateral views); — Machado 2006: 1065 (comparison with H. beschkii); — von Ellenrieder & Garrison 2007: 6 (mention and illustration of ♁ appendages); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species); — Lencioni 2013: 3, 5 – 6 (synonymic list, diagnosis, comparison with other congeners; figs. 11 a – b, 30 a – c, 42 a – c, 47 a, 50 a – b, 60 – 61, 68); — Souza et al. 2013: 1368 (recorded in Minas Gerais state); — Bedê et al. 2015: 121 (recorded to Serra de São José, Minas Gerais state); — Oliveira-Junior et al. 2015: 740 (list of species); — Lencioni 2017: 129 – 130 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 56 – 57); — Storari et al. 2019: 488 (recorded in Espirito Santo state); — Vilela et al. 2021: 476 – 482 (morphological comparison with H. lencionii; figs. 1 d – e, 2 c – d); — Araújo & Pinto 2021: 6 (recorded for Paraná state); — Ribeiro et al. 2022: 275 – 279 (recorded in Bahia state; considered an abundant species); — Santos & Rodrigues 2022: 672 (Recorded in Bahia state; considered an indicator species).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFE911B6AD7F92AAAACA745.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 9 ♁♁ BRAZIL, Sergipe state, Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 3, 4. xii. 2020, (- 10.7544, - 37.3421), A. B. Farias & A. E. Santos leg., UFS; 42 ♁♁ Riacho Água Fria, 1. xii. 2020, (- 10.9230, - 37.0993), leg., UFS; 35 ♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 1, 7. xii. 2020, (- 11.3900, - 37.4125), A. B. Farias & A. E. Santos leg., UFS; 9 ♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 5, 13. xii. 2020, (- 10.7475, - 37.3408), A. B. Farias & J. C. Santos leg., UFS; 23 ♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 2 (Well), 7. xii. 2020, (- 10.7466, - 37.3425), A. B. Farias & J. C. Santos leg., UFS; 21 ♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 3 (Above the well), 7. xii. 2020, (- 10.7541, - 37.3419), A. B. Farias & A. E. Santos leg., UFS; 28 ♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Riacho Poço das Moças, 7. xii. 2020, (- 10.7469, - 37.3416), A. B. Farias & A. E. Santos leg., UFS; 16 ♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 2 (Riacho Coqueiro), 7. xii. 2020, (- 10.7466, - 37.3425), A. B. Farias & A. E. Santos leg., UFS; 5 ♁♁ same locality, but 1. ii. 2021, A. B. Farias & A. E. Santos leg., UFS; 16 ♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 4, 7. xii. 2020, (- 10.7668, - 37.3394), A. B. Farias & A. E. Santos leg., UFS; 4 ♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park (No specific locality), 7. xii. 2020, A. B. Farias & A. E. Santos leg., UFS; 3 ♁♁ Mata do Junco, Ponto 3 (Mata Burra), 14. xii. 2020, (- 10.5425, - 37.0512), A. B. Farias & B. Santos leg., UFS; 5 ♁♁ Mata do Junco, Ponto 4, 14. xii. 2020, (- 10.5377, - 37.0588), A. B. Farias & J. C. Santos leg., UFS; 1 ♁ Paraná state, Cascavel, Juvinópolis, 1. iii. 2015, (- 25.9675, - 53.3646), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2 ♁♁ Bahia state, Ilhéus, Fazenda São Francisco, 14. x. 2019, (- 14.3444, - 39.1392), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 3 ♁♁ Uruçuca, Serra Grande, 21. ix. 2019, (- 14.4402, - 39.0398), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2 ♁♁ Porto Seguro, Veracel, 4. ix. 2018, (- 16.2950, - 39.1394). Synonyms. H. amazonicum (Williamson 1919; Garrison & von Ellenrieder 2019). Known distribution. Argentina, Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, São Paulo, Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro), Paraguay and Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFE911B6AD7F92AAAACA745.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2007) illustrated and confirmed the identity of this species, by examining the syntype housed at RBINS (Fig. 12 f courtesy of Jérôme Constant). See further discussion under H. cinnamomeum about the synonymy problem with H. ochraceum. This species can be separated from the remainder of Group A species by the following character combination: BP not the longest section, ventral concavity only slightly dilated; in MP, the medial lobe (ML) consisting of a single plate with a medial carina, reaching ML apex; ML bearing several teeth on its base (Fig. 12 f); ML apex varying in width from narrow to wide but ending in a bilobate apex (Figs. 12 f – j).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF0911A6AD7F977A985A6E2.taxon	description	(Figs. 13 a – f) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 7 (3 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF0911A6AD7F977A985A6E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) MEXICO, Veracruz state, stream 2 km E Coyame and 12.4 km ENE Catemaco, 18. viii. 1976, J. A. Garrison leg., FSCA (examined through holotype photographs, the same of Fig. 13). Known distribution. Southeastern Mexico.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF0911A6AD7F977A985A6E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Rare species, H. azulum was until recently known only from the type series and further female material (Dunkle 1989, 1993; Novelo-Gutiérrez & Gómez-Anaya 2023). Novelo-Gutiérrez & Gómez-Anaya (2023) recently made additional collections of this species and provided remarks on the female description as well as great images of both sexes. This species can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: overall body coloration consisting of shades of blue and gray, with black background, S 8 – 10 yellow; ridge above ML long, straight, bearing strong teeth; ML broad, with blunt apex; AP with a medial depression. This species was assessed in the IUCN Red List as the Vulnerable (VU) category, for occurring in an area smaller than 6000 km ², always in small numbers and in only two localities (González-Soriano et al. 2021). In that assessment, the authors also state that H. azulum is threatened by “ great pressure due to the conversion of the original vegetation for cattle or agriculture purposes ”.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF291186AD7FF43AEFDA54D.taxon	description	(Figs. 14 a – g) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 27 (25 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF291186AD7FF43AEFDA54D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Rondônia state, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 2 – 11. xi. 1989, (- 10.8333, - 63.1166), R. W. Garrison leg., ABMM; 7 ♁♁ Porto Velho, Jirau, 12. x. 2013, A. L. Andrade & A. P. Faria leg., LABECO; 1 ♁ Nova Mutum, 5. v. 2013, F. G. Carvalho leg., LABECO; 1 ♁ Amazonas state, Manacapuru, AM- 353, km 66, 25. iii. 2008, (- 3.0405, - 60.7752), INPA; 1 ♁ Presidente Figueiredo, 18. vii. 2007, (km 20), N. Hamada leg., INPA; 1 ♁ Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã, Balbina, 30. ix. 2009, Ulisses Neiss leg., INPA; 1 ♁ Presidente Figueiredo, Ramal do km 24, Sitio do Sr Jose Souza, 20. iv. 2008, (- 2.0548, - 60.0366), INPA; 1 ♁ Presidente Figueiredo, Ramal do km 24, Sitio do Sr Jose Souza, 20. iv. 2008, (- 2.0638, - 60.0398), INPA; 2 ♁♁ São Gabriel da Cachoeira, BR- 307, Km 01, 25. xi. 2007, C. Azevedo, R. Keppler leg., INPA; 1 ♁ São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Sede da Agrotécnica Federal, 15 - 27. xi. 2007, C. Azevedo, R. Keppler leg., INPA; 1 ♁ Roraima? state, São João da Baliza, 29. xi. 2006, INPA; 1 ♁ Pará state, Flona de Carajás, Igarapé Afluente do Rio Águas Claras, 24. viii. 2022, (- 5.9881, - 50.4984, 240 m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 1 ♁ Acre state, Igarapé do Véi, 18. vii. 2022, (- 7.4589, - 73.6327, 220 m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 4 ♁♁ same data, but 25. vii. 2022; 4 ♁♁ same data, but 19. vii. 2022; 1 ♁ ECUADOR, Puerto Ahuano, 16. xi. 2010, (- 1.0531, - 77.5496), A. C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 3 ♁♁ Jatún Sacha, 31. x. 2014, (- 1.0781, - 77.6106), I. Sanmartín-Villar leg., ECOEVO; 17 ♁♁ COLOMBIA, Caquetá Department, Araracuara Municipality, Guacamayo Guard, xii. 2015, (- 0.6308, - 72.2497), L. Pérez leg., UARC; 3 ♁♁ Meta Department, San Martín Municipality, Rey Zamuro Reserve, vi. 2014, (3.5417, - 73.3572, 265 m asl), C. Moreno leg., CEUA. 1 ♁ Amazonas Department, Leticia Municipality, Yahuarcaca Lake, (- 4.1942, - 69.9547), ANDES – E; 2 ♁♁ Puerto Nariño Municipality, Natura Park, El Vergel Community, (- 3.8594, - 70.2046, 91 m asl), Y. Cano leg., ANDES-E; 1 ♁ Meta Department, San Martín Municipality, ANDES-E; 2 ♁♁ Vaupés Department, Mitú Municipality, Rivera Caño Sangre, (1.2145, - 70.2337, 188 m asl), M. Sánchez leg., ANDES-E. Known distribution. Brazil (Acre, Amazonas Pará and Rondônia states), Colombia (Orinoco basin and Amazon), Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF291186AD7FF43AEFDA54D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Stand-Pérez et al. (2019) pointed out the close morphological similarity between H. bariai and three other species: H. mitratum, H. flavidorsum, and H. bickorum. However, it can be differentiated from these and other Group B species by the following set of characters: BP the longest cercus portion (Fig. 14 d), bearing a developed convexity (Fig. 14 e); ridge above ML straight, long, partially covering ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views (Figs. 14 f – g); MP-AP junction marked, being rounded or angled (Figs. 14 d – g); ML apex acute (Fig. 14 d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF391186AD7FB7FA8E1A6C3.taxon	description	(Figs. 15 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 16 (15)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF391186AD7FB7FA8E1A6C3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Known only from type material; examined through original description and lectotype images (type housed at MCZ). Known distribution. Brazil (Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF391186AD7FB7FA8E1A6C3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This poorly known species can be separated from the remainder of Group A species by the following character combination: BP slightly hollow, densely hairy (Fig. 15 c); ML ridge bearing strong teeth, reaching its apex (Fig. 15 c); in lateral view, BP with a dorsobasal expansion (Fig. 15 d); ML apex squared (Fig. 15 c). The current conservation status of this species is uncertain, as it has only been recorded from a small number of specimens, with the most recent collection dating back over 30 years (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 a). Therefore, further collections are needed to assess its present conservation status. The IUCN Red List has assigned it a Data Deficient (DD) status (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 a).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF4911E6AD7FB44AE4FA6F3.taxon	description	(Figs. 16 a – g) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 17 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF4911E6AD7FB44AE4FA6F3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 3 ♁♁ ECUADOR, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 7. xii. 2012, (- 0.6321, - 76.1451, 240 m asl), A. C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 6 ♁♁ Napo, Jatún Sacha, 11. xi. 2014, (- 1.0769, - 77.6086, 437 m asl), I. Sanmartín-Villar leg., ECOEVO; 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Acre state, Igarapé do Véu, 18. vii. 2022, (- 7.4589, - 73.6327, 220 m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 2 ♁♁ same data, but 19. vii. 2022; 4 ♁♁ same data, but 25. vii. 2022; 5 ♁♁ COLOMBIA, Putumayo Department, Mocoa Municipality, Quebrada Sangoyaco, (650 m asl), L. Pérez, J, Montes & J. Villamil leg., UARC; 1 ♁ Putumayo Department, Orito Municipality, Isla Escondida Natural Reserve, 17. i. 2017, (0.657, - 77.0722, 850 m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso & O. Janni leg., CEUA; 5 ♁♁ road to Nuevo Mundo island, 18 January 2017, (0.6613, - 77.0767, 890 m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso & O. Janni leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Caquetá Department, Florencia Municipality, ANDES – E. Known distribution. Brazil (Acre state), Colombia (Eastern Andean foothills), and Ecuador.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF4911E6AD7FB44AE4FA6F3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Some degree of morphological variation was observed in the material from Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil. Whereas specimens from Ecuador and Colombia presented a certain degree of BP convexity, the Brazilian specimens have this structure nearly straight or poorly convex. The remaining structures of the cercus (i. e., the crest, ML with acute tip) and overall coloration match the description of H. bickorum; therefore, they were considered conspecific. This species, which shares morphological similarities with H. bariai, H. demarmelsi, and H. inca, can be distinguished from these and other Group B species based on the following combination of characters: BP nearly straight or only slightly convex; AP longer than MP (Fig. 16 g); MP bearing an elevated crest on its medial margin (Figs. 16 d – e); ML small, with acute apex (Fig. 16 e); AP with a longitudinal depression (Fig. 16 d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF6911C6AD7FF43AAE2A055.taxon	description	(Figs. 17 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 6 (5 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF6911C6AD7FF43AAE2A055.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ VENEZUELA, Bolívar, Los Pijiguaos, 4. xi. 2004, (6.5666, - 66.8166, 150 m asl), J. De Marmels leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ Río Villacos, 6. xi. 2004, (6.4166, - 67.0166, 165 m asl), J. DeMarmels leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ COLOMBIA, Meta Department, San Martin Municipality, Rey Zamuro Reserve, 11. vi. 2014, (3.5416, - 73.3572, 265 m asl), C. Moreno, leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Caquetá Department, Florencia Municipality, ANDES-E; 2 ♁♁ Meta Department, Puerto López Municipality, (4.0926, - 72.9552), ANDES-E; 1 ♁ Caño Cuduyari, (1.2917, - 70.2556, 176 m asl), M. Sánchez leg., ANDES-E; 2 ♁♁ Guainía Department, Inírida Municipality, (3.8684, - 67.9239), ANDES-E. Known distribution. Orinoco basin and Northern Amazon of Colombia and Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF6911C6AD7FF43AAE2A055.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion breweri shares a high degree of morphological similarity with H. icterops and H. simulatum, with most of their characters except coloration being identical according to De Marmels (1989). In his description, De Marmels (1987) mentions head coloration as a way of separating these taxa. In fact, H. breweri presents larger yellow areas above the antennae contrasting with the blacker areas. Nevertheless, this species can be distinguished from the remainder of Group B species based on the following combination of characters: paraprocts medium sized, reaching 2 / 3 of cercus length (Fig. 17 d); ridge above cercus ML long, sinuous, consisting of small teeth and a marked carina (Fig. 17 c); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 17 d); AP the shortest, tip curved downwards (Fig. 17 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF7911C6AD7FE47AAC2A6EE.taxon	description	(Figs. 18 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 25 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF7911C6AD7FE47AAC2A6EE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Caraguatatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar — Núcleo Caraguatatuba, 5. ii. 2000, (- 23.5933, - 45.4186, 61 m asl), F. A. A. Lencioni leg., FAAL; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) Ubatuba, 12. i. 2011, F. A. A. Lencioni leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (coastal areas of São Paulo state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF7911C6AD7FE47AAC2A6EE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The IUCN Red List has classified H. brianmayi as Data Deficient due to a paucity of information on its distribution and potential threats (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 b). The species is close to H. itacolomii and can be distinguished from this and the remainder of Group A species by the following combination of characteristics: BP ventral concavity not greatly expanded (Figs. 18 c – d); ML upper plate narrow, longer than wide, ridge centered (Fig. 18 d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC891236AD7FF43A8FBA3B0.taxon	description	(Figs. 19 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 21 (20)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC891236AD7FF43A8FBA3B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Pará, Magalhães Barata, way to Calafate village, near to the Marapanim River, 26. ix. 2021, (- 0.8632, - 47.6680, 20 m asl), C. C. Mendoza-Penagos leg., UFPA. Known distribution. Brazil (Northeastern Pará state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC891236AD7FF43A8FBA3B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This newly described species, known only from the male holotype (Mendoza-Penagos et al. 2022), can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP with a nearly straight margin (Fig. 19 c); MP the shortest portion of cercus in length (Fig. 19 c); Ridge above ML upcurved, not very long (Fig. 19 c); MP – AP junction forming a nearly straight line with AP (Fig. 19 c); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 19 d); ML apex rounded (Fig. 19 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC891216AD7F961A97AA009.taxon	description	(Figs. 20 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 15 (14)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC891216AD7F961A97AA009.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) COLOMBIA, Department of Antioquia, Municipality of Puerto Berrio, La Cristalina Township, 17. ii. 1917, J. H. & E. B. Williamson leg., UMMZ; 1 ♁ Department Risaralda, Municipality of Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia Township, Alto Amurrupá Reserve, Ranas de Cristal stream, 15. ii. 2017, (5.3203, - 76.1735, 620 m asl), J. Sandoval & C. Bota leg., CEUA; 6 ♁♁ PANAMA, Darién, Perresénico River, Estación Rancho Frío, 17. xi. 2014, (8.0198, - 77.7325, 80 m asl), D. Delgado, A. Ramírez & R. Novelo leg., IEXA. Synonyms. Heteragrion atrolineatum Donnelly, 1992 (Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017). Known distribution. Northwestern Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC891216AD7F961A97AA009.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Due to its limited distribution and the significant loss of its natural habitats, H. calendulum is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List (Bota-Sierra et al. 2016). H. calendulum is placed in close proximity to H. alienum and H. valgum, although it can be distinguished from these and the remainder of Group B species based on the following combination of characters: BP the longest cercus portion (Figs. 20 d – e); ridge above ML not partially covering it in dorsal and dorsolateral views, bearing strong teeth (Figs. 20 d – e); AP small, subequal to MP (Fig. 20 e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCA91206AD7FEBBA8CDA1C1.taxon	description	(Figs. 21 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 22 (21)] Heteragrion cauei: Ávila-Jr. et al. 2017: 275 – 286 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Minas Gerais state, Brazil; diagnosis and comparison with other congeners; figs. 2 – 7); — Ávila Jr. et al. 2021: 3, 5 – 6 (list of species, IUCN status; figs. 3 a, 5); — Guedes et al. 2022: 5 (list of species).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCA91206AD7FEBBA8CDA1C1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Ouro Preto, Cachoeira Catarina Mendes, 18. iii. 2016, (- 20.3447, - 43.4986, 1082 m asl), W. F. Ávila-Jr. leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ same date, but 2. iii. 1987, A. B. M. Machado leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCA91206AD7FEBBA8CDA1C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion cauei is close morphologically to H. consors, sharing the large upper plate on ML. It can be separated from the latter by the shape of upper and lower plates. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate subequal in size with lower plate (Fig. 21 e), rounded shape, wider than lower plate, bearing a posterior row of teeth, not centered with lower plate (Figs. 21 c – e); lower plate narrow, bearing two carinae and squared apex (Fig. 21 e). Heteragrion cauei has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as it currently is known from only a limited region with continuous habitat quality decline (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCB91206AD7FEF3AB9CA697.taxon	description	(Figs. 22 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 24 (23)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCB91206AD7FEF3AB9CA697.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) VENEZUELA, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Base Camp, 13 - 15. iii. 1984, J. Clavijo & De Marmels leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Southern Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCB91206AD7FEF3AB9CA697.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion chlorotaeniatum is morphologically close to H. flavidorsum, but the following character combination distinguishes it from this and all remainder of Group B species: BP greatly swollen or expanded; ridge above ML roughly bean-shaped, with two rows of teeth (Figs. 22 c – e); ML apex acute (Figs. 22 c – e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCC91276AD7FF43A998A6ED.taxon	description	(Figs. 23 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 18 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCC91276AD7FF43A998A6ED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ VENEZUELA, Chirgua, Carabobo, 4. ix. 1955, J. Rácenis leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ with no data on the labels, INPA. Known distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCC91276AD7FF43A998A6ED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Regarding cercus morphology, H. chrysops is close to H. alienum, H. valgum, H. calendulum, and H. eboratum, with which it shares the MP ridge bearing only small teeth and not partially covering ML. This species can be separated from these and the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP compact (Fig. 23 e), subequal in length with AP (Fig. 23 c); ridge above ML bearing very small denticles (Figs. 23 c – d); ML apex blunt (Figs. 23 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCD91256AD7FF43AFFBA5D1.taxon	description	(Figs. 24 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 7 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCD91256AD7FF43AFFBA5D1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Bahia state, Valença, 9. xii. 1986, (- 13.3666, - 39.0833, 59 m asl), Biriba leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ (SYNTYPE) Probably Rio de Janeiro, examined through photos, RBINS. Synonyms. Heteragrion macilentum Hagen in Selys, 1862 (Williamson 1919; von Ellenrieder & Garrison 2007). Known distribution. Brazil (Bahia and prob. Rio de Janeiro) and Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCD91256AD7FF43AFFBA5D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Rare species, known from only a few individuals, including the holotype (housed in RBINS), a male collected in Valença, Bahia state, Brazil (in ABMM) and a small series collected in Reserva Serra Bonita, also in Bahia state (Rosser Garrison pers. comm.). Since it was described in 1862, there has been much confusion with the identity of this species, along with H. aurantiacum and H. ochraceum (Williamson 1919). Selys (1862) described H. cinnamomeum as a possible “ race ” of H. aurantiacum, relying on coloration characters. However, with further information on the types of H. aurantiacum and H. cinnamomeum, we could finally realize that they are in fact two separate species (von Ellenrieder & Garrison 2007). On the other hand, the confusion of the species with H. ochraceum has not yet been resolved, since the male of material type is lost, and the female specimens of the latter species are damaged. The confusion between the two species is long-standing. For example, in label of one female of H. ochraceum was written by Hagen “ Argia cinnamomea ”, leading to the possibility that the specimens belong to H. cinnamomeum (Williamson 1919). Furthermore, in his revision, Williamson (1919) noted that there was evidence in Hagen’s collection that he considered the two names to be synonymous. In fact, despite not formalizing the synonymy, apparently both Hagen and Williamson considered that there was a high probability of H. ochraceum being a senior synonym of H. cinnamomeum. However, according to current knowledge, it is not possible to state that the two species are synonymous of H. ochraceum since the type series of H. ochraceum has lost or damaged specimens. Given this, and with the evidence provided by von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2007), in this study we consider H. cinnamomeum as a valid name. The scarcity of information and the old collection dates of the known specimens make it also difficult to assess the conservation status of this species; therefore, it is classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 d). Regarding its distinction, this species has a similar cercus to that of H. silvarum and H. cooki, characterized by a long BP, ending in MP and AP of approximately the same length, and featuring a well-developed ML. The following character combination distinguishes H. cinnamomeum s from the remainder of Group A species: BP slightly curved inwards (Fig. 24 c); ML narrow, ridge bearing strong teeth (Fig. 24 e); ML apex ‘ W’ shaped, bilobate (Figs. 24 c – e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCE91246AD7FAC3ABA5A6DE.taxon	description	(Figs. 25 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 21 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCE91246AD7FAC3ABA5A6DE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Bahia state, Igrapiúna, Reserva Ecológica Michelin, 14. x. 2013, A. Nemésio leg., ABMM; 2 ♁♁ Una, Fazenda Baculere, 16. ix. 2019, (- 15.3095, - 39.1838), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2 ♁♁ Urucuca, Serra Grande, 3. ix. 2020, (- 14.3919, - 39.1025), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2 ♁♁ Una, Fazenda Ararauna, 13. ix. 2019, (- 15.3071, - 39.1594), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2 ♁♁ Ilhéus, Fazenda São Francisco, 14. x. 2019, (- 14.8993, - 39.1043), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2 ♁♁ Una, Fazenda Vera Cruz, 15. ix. 2019, (- 15.3065, - 39.1571), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 1 ♁ Una, Fazenda Santa Dulce, 2. xi. 2019, (- 14.3931, - 39.0936), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 5 ♁♁ Porto Seguro, Reserva Particular de Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Veracel, 4. ii. 2019, (- 16.3566, - 39.1502), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 1 ♁ Minas Gerais state, Brumadinho, Fazenda Luis Ofeu, xii. 2008, Paulo & Mariana leg., ABMM (abdomen missing); 1 ♁ Santa Maria do Salto (trail in the forest), 3. ii. 2011, A. Nemésio leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Rio Grande do Sul).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCE91246AD7FAC3ABA5A6DE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion consors is close morphologically to H. cauei, sharing the large upper plate on ML. It can be separated from the latter by the shape of upper and lower plates and secondarily by body coloration patterns. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate roughly triangular (Fig. 25 c), subequal in size and shape with lower plate (Figs. 25 c – e), bearing a posterior row of teeth and an anterior depression (Fig. 25 e). Here we report its first record from Minas Gerais state.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC0912B6AD7FF43AFE5A7DC.taxon	description	(Figs. 26 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 8 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC0912B6AD7FF43AFE5A7DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ ECUADOR, El Oro Province, Piedras, 4. vii. 1941, (- 3.6333, - 79.9166, 300 m asl), D. B. Laddey leg., ABMM; 4 ♁♁ Bosque Seco Lalo Loor, 30. xi. 2012, (- 0.0834, - 80.1485, 65 m asl), A. C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 6 ♁♁ El Oro, Cantón Piñas, 18. vi. 2016, (- 3.6529, - 79.7652, 532 m asl), I. Sanmartín-Villar & A. Rivas-Torres leg., ECOEVO. Known distribution. Ecuador and Peru.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC0912B6AD7FF43AFE5A7DC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species shares with H. silvarum and H. cinnamomeum the cercus with a long BP, ending in subequal MP and AP, with a developed ML. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP the longest cercus portion, nearly straight (Figs. 26 c – d); on the MP, ML broad, bearing an elevated ridge (Fig. 26 c); ML apex with a small cleft (Fig. 26 d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC091296AD7F8CEA90DA7A9.taxon	description	(Figs. 27 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 14 (13)] Heteragrion mantiqueirae: Machado 2006: 1065 – 1068 (one specimen designated as a paratype of H. mantiqueirae, with no further details on its morphology).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC091296AD7F8CEA90DA7A9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ♁, BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Campos do Jordão, Condomínio Paradise, 24. i. 1999, (- 22.7072, - 45.5894, 1796 m asl), F. A. A. Lencioni leg., UFPA. Paratypes. 1 ♁, BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Campos do Jordão, (Coll. before 1975), K. Lenko leg., ABMM (head and right cercus missing, UFMG-IOD- 2200149); 8 ♁♁ same data as holotype, but: 1 ♁, 25. i. 1999; 2 ♁♁ 30. x. 1999; 2 ♁♁ 21. xi. 1999; 2 ♁♁ 14. i. 2001; 1 ♁ 2. i. 2005.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC091296AD7F8CEA90DA7A9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honor of Adolfo Cordero Rivera, a fellow odonatologist and cherished friend, whose invaluable contributions to the fields of ethology and evolution have greatly enhanced our understanding of behavioral patterns and sexual roles in damselflies.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC091296AD7F8CEA90DA7A9.taxon	description	Description of holotype Head. Black, with the following yellow areas: postocular lobes; on each side below postocular lobes; oval spots lateral to lateral ocelli; genae; lateral areas of postclypeus. Labrum dark brown. Antennae black. Mouthparts yellow. Thorax (Figs. 27 a – c). Prothorax light yellow laterally, dark brown to black dorsally; hind lobe black. Pterothorax mostly orange / yellow, with a thick black middorsal carina; mesepisternum orange with a black diffuse basal spot; mesopleural suture pale; mesepimeron and mesinfraepisternum dark brown; remainder of pterothorax yellow. Coxae and trochanter pale; legs light brown. Wings (Fig. 27 a). Hyaline, almost reaching S 7; venation dark brown; Pt brown with darker contours; Pt overlying 2 cells in Fw, 2 cells in Hw, oblique proximally; 2 Pq cells in all wings; 18 Px in FW, 16 Px in HW. Abdomen (Fig. 27 a). S 1 mostly pale yellow, with a brown dorsal spot; S 2 light brown laterally, with a black dorsal stripe; S 3 – 6 mostly black with paler areas on its lateral 4 / 5; S 7 dark brown; S 8 dark brown basally, becoming orange towards its apex; S 9 – 10 orange. S 10 with darker dorsal areas. Anal appendages. Overall brown, with darker basal shades; all portions of cercus subequal in length; BP moderately dilated; MP with a developed ML, bearing a sinuous ridge with small teeth; ML longer than wide, its apex ‘ W’ shaped, bilobate. Paraprocts greatly reduced. Measurements. Fw 30.6; Hw 29.9; Abdomen 39.7; Total 46.5. Female. Unknown. Variations in paratypes. Slight differences were observed in relation to anal appendages morphology (Figs. 27 e – f) and coloration, probably due to aging.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC091296AD7F8CEA90DA7A9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. While reviewing Machado’s types, we discovered an intriguing result during our examination of the single paratype of H. mantiqueirae, deposited along with the holotype at ABMM (see under H. mantiqueira ’ s section for more notes on its holotype). The paratype of H. mantiqueirae, missing the head and right cercus, has greatly distinct cercal morphology, when compared to the holotype (examined by Frederico Lencioni) and other specimens collected by Frederico Lencioni also compared with the holotype. Upon further search for additional specimens, we found nine males in perfect preservation conditions at FAAL’s collection, which we used in the description. The new species can be diagnosed using the following character combination (features of H. mantiqueirae in squared brackets): ML longer than wide (Fig. 27 d) [wider than long, not greatly developed medially (Fig. 49 c)], ML apex ‘ W’ shaped (Fig. 27 d) [ML apex rounded (Fig. 49 c)], bilobate (Fig. 27 d) [not bilobate (Fig. 49 c)]. Those features, along with the overall cercal proportions, had convinced us that the specimen assigned as a paratype of H. mantiqueirae was in fact an undescribed species. Coloration is also contrasting on H. corderoi and H. mantiqueirae, with the latter presenting a smaller orange mesepisternal stripenand less darker areas on overall body coloration. On the other hand, coloration has also been proven to be greatly variable in Heteragrion, so this feature is less trustworthy than cercal morphology.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC291286AD7F8DBAF4BA78C.taxon	description	(Figs. 28 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 10 (9)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC291286AD7F8DBAF4BA78C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Barroso, Mata do Baú, 27. iii. 2010, (- 21.1869, - 43.9761, centroid), M. M. Souza leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC291286AD7F8DBAF4BA78C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion cyane is one of the “ blue species ” of Group A, along with H. denisye and H. gorbi. This species is poorly known, being described from a single male (Machado & Souza 2014), with very few specimens found after its description (Walter Ávila pers. comm.). For this reason and for inhabiting an area threatened with deforestation, its conservation status has been assessed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List (Cano-Cobos & Lozano 2021). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: overall body coloration consisting of shades of blue and green, with black background (Figs. 28 a – b); ML ridge not reaching its apex (Fig. 28 c); ML apex rounded (Figs. 28 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC3912F6AD7F93EA890A70C.taxon	description	(Figs. 29 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 28 (26)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC3912F6AD7F93EA890A70C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) COLOMBIA, Amazonas Department, Leticia Municipality, Monifue Amena Center, Tacana River, 6. x. 2005, (- 4.0953, - 69.9305, 71 m asl), (Code MPUJ _ ENT 0061372), MPUJ; 15 ♁♁ Amazona Department, Leticia Municipality, Monifue Amena Center, Tacana River, 6. x. 2005, (- 4.0952, - 69.9305, 71 m asl), MPUJ; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) Amazonas Departament, Leticia Municipality, Km 11 Multi-ethnic Refuge Ticuna-Uitoto, Road to Zafire, Tacana River, (80 m asl), A. Clavijo leg., CEUA. Known distribution. Colombian Amazon.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC3912F6AD7F93EA890A70C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This newly described species was already assessed as Endangered by the IUCN Red List, as it “ occurs in a small area threatened by urban and agricultural expansion ” (Bota-Sierra & Sandoval 2021). Regarding its identity, it is close to H. inca, being separated by the lateral view of cercus and some head coloration patterns. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: ridge above ML with a single row of teeth (Figs. 29 c – d); male postclypeus yellow with brown transverse line (Fig. 29 a); in dorsal view, cercus slightly elbowed along its midlength (Fig. 29 e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC4912E6AD7F9BDABA7A4D0.taxon	description	(Figs. 30 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 11 (10 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC4912E6AD7F9BDABA7A4D0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, São Roque de Minas, Serra da Canastra National Park, 25. x. 2018, (- 20.2323, - 46.6085, 1305 m asl), D. S. Vilela, R. Koroiva, V. Nobrega & M. Lera leg., LESTES. Known distribution. Brazil (Western Minas Gerais state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC4912E6AD7F9BDABA7A4D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Known only from the male holotype, H. denisye is one of the “ blue species ” of Group A, along with H. cyane and H. gorbi. This paucity of individuals caused it to be assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, pending further search of specimens at the type location to evaluate its actual conservation status (Lozano 2022). The taxonomic placement of H. denisye was extensively discussed in Vilela et al. (2019 b) and the following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML ridge almost reaching its apex (Fig. 30 c); ML formed by a broad plate (Fig. 30 d); ML apex bilobate, both lobes rounded (Fig. 30 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC5912D6AD7F9C2AAE8A1C1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC5912D6AD7F9C2AAE8A1C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species is poorly known, with only the male holotype that is missing its cerci assigned to this name (Machado 2006). Recently, Tom Kompier collected the “ real ” H. dorsale in Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The specimens compared with the holotype (housed in RBINS) were destroyed by the 2018 fire at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro where they were deposited (RWG pers. comm.). Further collections of specimens at the type location and a further comparison with the incomplete holotype may help shed some light to this enigmatic taxon.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC6912C6AD7FEF3A9F9A009.taxon	description	(Figs. 31 a – c) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 18 (14 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC6912C6AD7FEF3A9F9A009.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ HONDURAS, Comayagua, 16 km SW of Siguatepeque, 22. v. 1972, (ca. 1600 m asl), E. W. Stiles leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Honduras and Guatemala.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC6912C6AD7FEF3A9F9A009.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Regarding cercus morphology, H. eboratum is close to H. chrysops, H. valgum, H. calendulum and H. alienum, with which it shares the MP ridge bearing only small teeth and not partially covering ML. This species can be separated from these and the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP subequal in length with AP, ML the shortest portion; ridge above ML short, bearing teeth on a single row (Figs. 31 b – c); ML apex acute (Figs. 31 b – c); AP with a longitudinal depression (Figs. 31 b – c). Additionally, it is also worth mentioning that its ivory-white face contrasts with a mostly black thorax. According to the IUCN Red List, H. eboratum is considered Near Threatened as it occurs in isolated populations and its preferred habitats are under threat of deforestation (Paulson 2009).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC791336AD7FEBBAAD8A201.taxon	description	(Figs. 32 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 9 (8)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC791336AD7FEBBAAD8A201.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ COLOMBIA, Chocó Department, N. Donnelly leg., no further information, ABMM; 21 ♁♁ Chocó Department, Unión Panamericana Municipality, Corregimiento Salero, 24. vii. 2010, (6.6108, - 74.5771, 100 m asl), L. Pérez & J. Montes leg., UARC; 2 ♁♁ Acandí Municipality, Vereda Rufino, Quebrada Capitancito, 10. XII. 2005, (8.5787, - 77.3108, 30 m asl), C. Botero leg., UARC; 1 ♁ Tutunendo Municipality, Quebrada El Diablo, (5.7513, - 76.5331, 71 m ASL), L. Pérez leg., UARC; 1 ♁ Boyacá Department, Puerto Boyacá Municipality, Vereda Patio Bonito, 5. i. 2011, J. Cardona leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Valle del Cauca Department, Buenaventura Municipality, Uramba Bahía Málaga National Park, C. Bota leg., CEUA; 10 ♁♁ Chocó Department, Union Panamericana Municipality, Corregimiento Salero, 24. vii. 2010, (6.6108, - 74.5771, 100 m asl), L. Pérez & J. Montes leg., ANDES-E; 32 ♁♁ Acandí Municipality, Vereda Rufino, Quebrada Capitancito, 10. xii. 2005, (8.5787, - 77.3109, 30 m asl), ANDES-E; 35 ♁♁ Quebrada Charanga, (8.5906, 77.3158, 27 m asl), ANDES-E; 4 ♁♁ Quebrada Bocatoma, (8.5874, - 77.3108, 50 m asl), ANDES-E; 7 ♁♁ Quebrada Tomas, (8.5691, - 77.3232, 34 m asl), ANDES-E; 1 ♁ Quibdó Municipality, Quebrada Chaparraidó COO., ANDES-E; 4 ♁♁ Chocó Department, Acandí Municipality, MPUJ. Known distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC791336AD7FEBBAAD8A201.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Remarkable and common species, males of H. erythrogastrum (as the name implies) possess a vibrant red abdomen, an almost unique feature within Heteragrion (H. albifrons comes close) that distinguishes this species from the other species of both groups. Additionally, the following character combination separates it from the remainder of Group B species: ridge above ML consisting of two rows of small teeth, the lower very weak (Figs. 32 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD891336AD7FCB3A9BCA6C3.taxon	description	(Figs. 33 a – g) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 25 (23 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD891336AD7FCB3A9BCA6C3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Rondonia state, Rio Pardo, 5 - 10. xi. 1989, (- 10.8333, - 63.1166, 187 m asl), R. W. Garrison leg., ABMM; 18 ♁♁ COLOMBIA, Putumayo Department, Mocoa Municipality, Serraníade los Churumbelos National Park, 20. i. 2013, (1000 m asl), L. Pérez & J. Montes leg., UARC; 5 ♁♁ Putumayo Department, Orito Municipality, Isla Escondida Natural Reserve, 12. iii. 2017, (0.6578, - 77.0722, 850 m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso & O. Janni leg., CEUA; 3 ♁♁ road to Nuevo Mundo island, 7 - 8. i. 2017, (0.6613, - 77.0767, 890 m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso & O. Janni leg., CEUA. Synonyms. Heteragrion speciosum Sj ̂ stedt, 1918 (De Marmels 1987). Known distribution. Bolivia, Brazil (Rondônia state), Colombia (eastern Andean foothills and Amazon) and Peru.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD891336AD7FCB3A9BCA6C3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The IUCN Red List assessment of H. flavidorsum classifies this species as Data Deficient, as “ much confusion surrounds its taxonomy and distribution ” (Hoffmann et al. 2016). We consider this assessment outdated, as since this assessment was published Stand-Pérez et al. (2019) discovered this species to Colombia, providing additional information on its taxonomy and distribution. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: ridge above ML nearly straight, with two parallel rows of teeth, one being very short (Fig. 33 c); ML apex blunt (Fig. 33 g) or acute (Figs. 33 c – e); in dorsal view, MP-AP junction not marked, nearly straight (Fig. 33 f).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD991316AD7FA87A976A771.taxon	description	(Figs. 34 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 27 (26)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD991316AD7FA87A976A771.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó (km. 128), 31. x. 1966, N. Santos, J. Machado & J. Martins leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (Southern-Central Minas Gerais state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD991316AD7FA87A976A771.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This is the type species of the genus, designated by Selys (1862). It is not a common species, known by few individuals and assessed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, as its known localities are threatened by the loss of Atlantic Forest (von Ellenrieder 2020). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: extensive dark areas on head and pterothorax (Figs. 34 a – b); upper plate small, slightly concave at its middle, bearing a posterior row of small teeth, not centered (Figs. 34 c – e); ML apex rounded (Figs. 34 c – e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDA91306AD7F963A9FFA4F3.taxon	description	(Figs. 35 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 28 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDA91306AD7F963A9FFA4F3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Itatins, Estação Ecológica Juréia, 9. iii. 2000, (- 24.3800, - 47.0777, 10 m asl), F. A. A. Lencioni leg., FAAL; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) same data as holotype, but ABMM. Known distribution. Brazil (São Paulo and Paraná states).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDA91306AD7F963A9FFA4F3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Last collected in the year 2000, this rare species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, pending additional collections to assess its actual status (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 e). Morphologically close to H. flavovittatum and H. itacolomii, the following character combination distinguishes H. freddiemercuryi from these and the remainder of Group A species: upper plate small, slightly concave at its middle, bearing a posterior row of strong teeth (Fig. 35 c), ridge fused with ML up to 1 / 2 of lower plate (Fig. 35 d); ML apex squared, slightly angled medially (Fig. 35 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F935A8E0A6E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♁♁ (PARATYPES) BRAZIL, São Paulo, São Carlos, Cerrado UFSCar, Espraiado, 29. ix. 2020, (- 21.9815, - 47.8739, 845 m asl), Cezário & Guillermo-Ferreira, leg., LESTES. Known distribution. Brazil (Center-Eastern São Paulo state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F935A8E0A6E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion gorbi is one of the “ blue species ” of Group A, along with H. cyane and H. denisye, being very close morphologically to the latter (Cezário & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML ridge almost reaching its apex; ML apex bilobate, anterior lobe with acute tip (Fig. 36 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F9ECA9EBA7A6.taxon	description	(Figs. 36 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 11 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDD91366AD7FF43A872A3DC.taxon	description	(Figs. 37 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 17 (15 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDD91366AD7FF43A872A3DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Carmo do Rio Claro, 15. ix. 1984, J. Augusto leg., ABMM (abdomen placed in a diferent envelope); 1 ♁ Espírito Santo State, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 21. xii. 2001, K. S. Furieri leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and São Paulo).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDD91366AD7FF43A872A3DC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML with two parallel ridges on its medial space (unique to the genus, Fig. 37 d), plus an additional basal ridge (Fig. 37 c); ML apex undulate (Figs. 37 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDD91356AD7F902A8EDA3D9.taxon	description	(Figs. 38 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 5 (4 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDD91356AD7F902A8EDA3D9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Amapá state, Serra do Navio, Represa, ii. 1957, A. B. M. Machado leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ Laranjal do Jari, Resex Cajari, 28. xi. 2017, T. B. Miguel leg., LABECO; 1 ♁ 21. viii. 1943, “ Wilh ”? leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ Amazonas state, Manaus, 26. vi. 1922, J. H. Williamson & J. W. Strohm leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (states of Amazonas and Amapá), Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname and Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDD91356AD7F902A8EDA3D9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species possesses a tubercle or apophysis on the ventral BP portion, a feature that is shared only with H. triangulare and H. pemon. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP the shortest portion of the cercus (Figs. 38 c – d); MP the longest, ML a broad plate, bearing small teeth, roughly squared apex (Figs. 38 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDE913A6AD7FCCBAE61A505.taxon	description	(Figs. 39 a – f, 40 a – f, 41 a – b) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 5 (3 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDE913A6AD7FCCBAE61A505.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Manaus, Campus UFAM, Terra Firme, 21. iv. 2008, H. Gasca leg., INPA; 1 ♁ Novo Airão, 20. viii. 2008, INPA; 1 ♁ Rio Preto da Eva, 25. ix. 2008, (- 2.6191, - 59.7427), INPA; 2 ♁♁ Pará state, Tailândia, Agropalma, F 9 Novo, 4. xi. 2016, (- 2.3568, - 48.7190), D. S. Vilela leg., LESTES; 2 ♁♁ Tailândia, Agropalma, H 48 H 50, 25. x. 2016, (- 2.6183, - 48.8301), D. S. Vilela leg., LESTES; 3 ♁♁ Tailândia, Agropalma, P 24 - 14, 21. x. 2016, (- 2.5737, - 48.8174), D. S. Vilela, A. Rivas-Torres, A. Cordero-Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 1 ♁ Rondônia state, Porto Velho, Rio Caracol (Cachoeira Rio Bonito), 30. iii. 2004, N. Hamada, R. L. M. Ferreira, J. O. Silva & J. Pinto leg., FAAL (3845). Synonyms. Heteragrion romani Sj ̂ stedt, 1918 (De Marmels 1987). Known distribution. Brazil (states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDE913A6AD7FCCBAE61A505.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species was described in 1862, based on a single male lacking the superior appendages, and with the paraptocts “ courts, finissant subitement en pointe noire ”, that is, “ short, suddenly ending in a black tip ” (Selys 1862). In a further treatment, Selys (1886) made additions to the original description of H. icterops, including the ♀ description, based on a series from three different countries: Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru. In this treatment, Selys (1886) describes the inferior appendages of the examined males, which were quite differently from the type specimen: “ les inférieurs très courts, cylindriques ”, that is, “ the inferiors short, cylindrical ”. The paraprocts of the species treated here as H. icterops are not cylindrical, but enlarged at their base, tapering to an acute point, nearly at 1 / 2 of cercus length (Figs. 39 e, 40 e). On the other hand, the paraprocts of H. inca are, in fact, short and cylindrical (Figs. 42 j – m). This is the first evidence that the specimens studied in 1862 and 1886 may represent different species. Calvert (1909) described H. inca based on specimens from Peru, compares it with H. icterops, and among other morphological differences such as body size, pterostigma shape and head coloration, he also notices the differences on the paraprocts. Williamson (1919) added information on this species, also stating that “ it seems possible there have been some misidentifications ” [in the material examined by Selys] and pointing some inconsistencies concerning the identity of some specimens assigned as H. icterops in Selys’s collection. Further, in the taxonomic history of this taxon, De Marmels (1987, 1989) suggested the synonymy of H. romani with H. icterops, based on coloration characters, mentioning that the type specimen “ lacks the superior appendages ”. De Marmels (2004) also made considerations about the unlikely presence of H. icterops on Venezuela, suggesting confusion with the locality labels. Von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2007) examined the type material housed at RBINS, including the same H. icterops male examined by De Marmels, and the holotype of H. romani. In their rationale, von Ellenrieder and Garrison argue that there is a “ small series from São João Del-Rei which are not H. icterops ”. This makes total sense, first taxonomically, and second because H. icterops is an Amazonian species, restricted to its lowlands; and the small series examined by von Ellenrieder and Garrison is from São João Del-Rei, Minas Gerais state, located at the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes at nearly 1000 m asl, separated by at least 2.500 km from the Amazonian region. Stand-Pérez et al. (2019) also mentioned the problem concerning these two species, and correctly assigns their examined specimens to H. inca, based on the accurate head description of Williamson (1919). Although some studies have helped to clarifying some taxonomic aspects, doubts about what really is H. icterops have remained over the years, and we have some considerations about this issue: (i) there is a male specimen depicted by Menger (in Williamson 1919) as being H. icterops (Plate X, figs. 117 - 118) and this specimen is really similar to what we consider to be H. inca, both in dorsal and lateral views (see Fig. 42); (ii) specimens assigned to H. icterops in the NHMUK are, in fact, H. inca (Figs. 42 l – m, compared in this plate with a male from Colombia in Figs. 42 j – k), and definitely not part of any type series (Fig. 42 n; in fact, not listed as a type series by Kimmins 1970); (iii) FAAL borrowed and drew the type of H. icterops (Fig. 40) from the RBINS and, although missing the cercus, it has the paraprocts, and they did match those of H. icterops and H. romani, its junior synonym (Fig. 40 e), matching also regarding the coloration, as argued by De Marmels (1987). In fact, Williamson (1919) and De Marmels (1987) have stated that the male “ lacks the superior appendages ”, and not all appendages. Furthermore, Williamson (1919) comments that “ Menger’s drawings of a male in the Selys collection is one of these specimens (possibly H. icterops posteriorly collected in Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru), but the drawings do not indicate which one ”, and “ were it certain that the specimen figured by Menger is conspecific with de Se 1 ys’ type of icterops, I should conclude that inca Calvert is a synonym of icterops ” (Williamson 1919). These statements by Williamson, and the different description of male paraprocts by Selys in 1862 and 1886, clearly pose a severe doubt about the specimen drawn by Menger really representing H. icterops. From all this, we can conclude that: (i) the synonymy applied by De Marmels concerning H. icterops and H. romani (junior synonym) is correct, concerning coloration and morphology, as the paraprocts of the type specimen of H. icterops are typically enlarged (Fig. 40 e), contrasting with those of H. inca, which are greatly reduced (Fig. 42 j – m); (ii) the specimen depicted by Menger (Williamson 1919, Plate X, figs. 117 - 118) does not belong to H. icterops, but in fact is part of a series of H. inca (Ecuador and Peru are within the range of H. inca, while H. icterops is restricted to Brazil, and has never been collected in those aforementioned countries, despite large collection efforts in the last century) (De Marmels 1987; Vilela et al. 2019 a; Stand-Pérez et al. 2019); (iii) H. inca is definitely not a junior synonym of H. icterops and this possibility was only raised due to an error of labeling or identification (whether by Menger or Selys), that caused many specimens of H. inca to be labeled as H. icterops over the decades (e. g., the NHMUK specimens); (iv) apart from the coloration and anal appendages morphology, comparisons between the accessory structures of the genital fossa of the two species allow us to see the differences between them, mainly in the sclerotization of the structures and size of the vesica spermalis (Figs. 41 a – c). The following character combination distinguishes H. icterops from H. inca and all other Group B species: ridge above ML long, sinuous consisting of small teeth, and a marked carina (Figs. 39 d – f); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 39 f); AP the shortest (Fig. 39 d); S 9 – 10 almost entirely black or dark brown.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD191386AD7FBB7AF81A65A.taxon	description	(Figs. 41 c, 42 a – n) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 28 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD191386AD7FBB7AF81A65A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 4 ♁♁ ECUADOR, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Querbrada Harpía, 4. xii. 2012, (- 0.6350, - 76.1460, 217 m asl), A. C. Rivera & M. S. Herrera leg., ECOEVO; 4 ♁♁, 4 ♀♀ same data, but 5. xii. 2012, ECOEVO; 1 ♁, 1 ♀ same data, but 8. xii. 2012, ECOEVO; 3 ♁♁, 1 ♀ Sendero Harpía, 7. xii. 2012, (- 0.6284, - 76.1457, 228 m asl), A. C. Rivera & M. S. Herrera leg., ECOEVO; 5 ♁♁ Napo, Jatún Sacha, Río Shinquipino, 31. x. 2014, (- 1.0777, - 77.6105, 400 m asl), I. Sanmartín-Villar leg., ECOEVO; 2 ♁♁, 2 ♀♀ same data, but 3. xi. 2014, A. C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Rondônia state, Ariquemes, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 - 24. iii. 1989, (- 10.8333, - 63.1166), S. W. Dunkle leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ Acre state, Igarapé do Jenilson, 21. viii. 2022, (- 7.4878, - 73.7185, 260 m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 1 ♁ (wrongly assigned as TYPE) PERU, Pebas, Cod. 013388786, McLachlan leg. (1938?), NHMUK; 1 ♀ (wrongly assigned as PARATYPE) Pebas, Cod. 012504988, McLachlan leg. (1938?), NHMUK; 1 ♁ Chanchamayo, Cod. 013388788, Morton leg., NHMUK; 1 ♁ “ Equateur ”, Cod. 013388789, (1800 m asl), [F. C. Fraser Bequest], NHMUK; 1 ♁ COLOMBIA, Putumayo Department, Orito Municipality, near Nuevo Mundo, 10. i. 2017, (0.6725, - 77.0798, 950 m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso & O. Janni leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Río Guámez, 22. i. 2017, (0.6204, - 77.0525, 630 m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso & O. Janni leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Puerto Leguízamo Municipality, Vereda La Tregua, 30. i. 2017, (- 0.1065, - 74.3265, 180 m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso & O. Janni leg., CEUA; 3 ♁♁ Amazonas Department, Leticia Municipality, ICN; 1 ♁ Amazonas Department, Puerto Nariño Municipality, Natural Park, El Vergel Community, (- 3.8594, - 70.2047, 91 m asl), Y. Cano leg., ANDES – E. Known distribution. Amazonian regions of Bolivia, Brazil (states of Acre and Rondônia), Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD191386AD7FBB7AF81A65A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. See the taxonomic discussion under H. icterops section. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: ridge above ML forming a roughly rounded teeth arrangement between the two rows (Figs. 42 e – f); in lateral view, cercus elbowing varying in intensity along its midlength (Figs. 42 k, m); male postclypeus yellow with a black transversal line (Figs. 42 a, 42 c), or lacking a transversal line (Fig. 42 b); distribution in Colombian Amazon, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD5913E6AD7FF43AE16A394.taxon	description	(Figs. 43 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 25 (24)] Heteragrion itacolomii: Ávila-Jr. et al. 2020: 121 – 130 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. freddiemercuryi; figs. 1 – 7, 9 – 10); — Stefani-Santos et al. 2021: 188 (comparison with the ♀ of H. mantiqueirae).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD5913E6AD7FF43AE16A394.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁, 1 ♀ (HOLOTYPE and ALLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, Trilha da Lagoa, 23. xii. 2018 (female collected on 20. iii. 2019), (- 20.4325, - 43.5075, 1350 m asl), W. F. Ávila-Jr. leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD5913E6AD7FF43AE16A394.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species (morphologically close to H. freddiemercuryi and H. brianmayi): BP forming a greatly expanded concavity (Fig. 43 c); upper plate narrow, longer than wide (Fig. 43 c – e); ML ridge not centered (Figs. 43 d – e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD5913D6AD7F90EAF13A4B5.taxon	description	(Figs. 44 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 28 (26 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD5913D6AD7F90EAF13A4B5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Goiás state, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Córrego João de Melo, 18. vi. 2008, (- 14.1819, - 47.6433, 1198 m asl), M. C. Almeida & S. L. Dutra leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (Northeastern Goiás state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD5913D6AD7F90EAF13A4B5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Little is known of this species other than its morphology; for this it has been assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 f). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate small, rounded, bearing a posterior row of small teeth, not centered (Fig. 44 c); broadly developed BP ventral concavity; in lateral view, BP very broad, tapering towards the apex, ML visible (Fig. 44 d); ML apex roughly squared (Fig. 44 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD6913C6AD7FA27AADAA44F.taxon	description	(Figs. 45 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 16 ’] Heteragrion lencionii: Vilela et al. 2021: 476 – 482 (diagnosis and description of ♁; comparison with H. aurantiacum, H. cinnamomeum and H. silvarum; figs. 1 a – c, 2 a – b).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD6913C6AD7FA27AADAA44F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE), BRAZIL, Sergipe, Areia Branca, Serra de Itabaiana National Park, (- 10.7484, - 37.3390, 179 m asl), 7. xii. 2020, A. B. Farias & A. E. dos Santos leg, UFS; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE), same data as holotype, FAAL; 4 ♁♁ (PARATYPES), Brazil, Sergipe, Capela, Mata do Junco Wildlife Refuge, (- 10.5379, - 37.0589, 120 m asl), 14. xii. 2020, A. B. Farias & J. C. Santos leg., UFS; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) Brazil, Sergipe, Capela, Mata do Junco Wildlife Refuge, (- 10.5427, - 37.0512, 120 m asl), 14. xii. 2020, A. B. Farias & B. dos Santos leg., UFS; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE), Brazil, Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Federal Institute of Sergipe, (- 10.9198, - 37.1862, 30 m asl), 3. xii. 2020, A. B. Farias & A. E. dos Santos leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (Center-Northern Sergipe state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD6913C6AD7FA27AADAA44F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species is morphologically close to and in some areas sympatric with H. aurantiacum, from which it differs mainly by the ML morphology and overall body coloration. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP not greatly expanded or dilated ventrally; ML formed by a broad plate (Figs. 45 c – d); ML ridge short, not reaching its apex (Fig. 45 d); ML apex rounded (Fig. 45 d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD791436AD7FA78AFC5A486.taxon	description	(Figs. 46 a – f) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 13 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD791436AD7FA78AFC5A486.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Santa Catarina state, Urubuci, 15. i. 2005, (1300 m asl), P. A. Machado & M. B. Machado leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) same data, but 12.1.2001, P. A. Machado leg., ABMM (right cercus missing, left cercus broken at 1 / 2); 1 ♁ Seara (formerly Nova Teutonia), 27. xii. 1939, F. Plaumann leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD791436AD7FA78AFC5A486.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML ridge short, bearing strong teeth (Fig. 46 c), with an additional ridge forming a hollow space posteriorly (Figs. 46 e – f), unique in Heteragrion; ML apex ‘ W’ shaped, bilobate (Figs. 46 c – f).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA891426AD7FA30A81FA4E0.taxon	description	(Figs. 47 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 21 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA891426AD7FA30A81FA4E0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁, 1 ♀ COSTA RICA, San Jose, Hacienda Zurqui, 16. viii. 1979, (1500 m asl), R. W. & J. A. Garrison leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA891426AD7FA30A81FA4E0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: BP with a nearly straight margin, bearing no swelling or convexity (Figs. 47 c – e); MP the shortest portion of cercus in length (Figs. 47 c – e); ridge above ML formed by spaced and very strong teeth (Figs. 47 c – e), 2 – 3 strong teeth on its apex (Fig. 47 e); ML apex acute (Figs. 47 c – e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA991416AD7F991AF17A71F.taxon	description	(Figs. 48 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 18 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA991416AD7F991AF17A71F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None. Examined through original description and holotype images (holotype housed at MIZA). Known distribution. Southeastern Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA991416AD7F991AF17A71F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Although its IUCN Red List assessment classifies H. makiritare as Least Concern, the evaluation needs updating (as indicated in the annotations section in the IUCN’s website), as this species is known from only two localities, not collected since 1985 (De Marmels 2004; von Ellenrieder 2009 b). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP expanded ventrally, forming a hollow concavity (Fig. 48 d); ML forming a broad plate (Figs. 48 c – d); ML ridge short, bearing small teeth, not reaching ML apex (Fig. 48 c); AP margin bearing a small basal swelling (Fig. 48 d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAA91406AD7F989A8DAA4FF.taxon	description	(Figs. 49 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 18 (17 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAA91406AD7F989A8DAA4FF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Campos do Jordão, State Park of Campos do Jordão, 25. i. 1992, (1600 m asl), Mielke & Casagrande leg., ABMM (missing head and anal appendages); 1 ♁ São Paulo state, Salesópolis, 03. xi. 2000, F. A. A. Lencioni leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAA91406AD7F989A8DAA4FF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species is assessed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List, due to its limited range and presence in areas threatened with deforestation (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 g). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML forming a broad plate (Fig. 49 c); ML ridge long, sinuous, reaching ML apex (Fig. 49 c); in lateral view, BP only slightly expanded, ML visible, quite sinuous (Fig. 49 d); ML wider than long, with rounded apex (Fig. 49 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAB91466AD7F9E9A8C2A0B9.taxon	description	(Figs. 50 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 27 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAB91466AD7F9E9A8C2A0B9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Acre state, Rio Branco, Igarapé do Tucuman, 10. x. 1983, A. B. M. Machado leg., ABMM; 6 ♁♁ COLOMBIA, Chocó Department, Unión Panamericana Municipality, Corregimiento Salero, 24. vii. 2010, (6.6108, - 74.5771, 100 m asl), L. Pérez & J. Montes leg., UARC; 1 ♁ Córdoba Department, Tierralta Municipality, vereda La Oscurana, (8.1172, - 76.1076), ICN; 1 ♁ Chocó Department, Nuquí Municipality, Corregimiento Arusi, iv. 2018, C. Flórez leg., CEBUCES; 3 ♁♁, Department of Antioquia, Maceo Municipality, 22. i. 2001, (6.5441, - 74.6402, 490 m asl), S. Pérez & A. Vélez leg., CEUA; 2 ♁♁ Puerto Berrio, Estación La Cristalina, Hacienda La Guajira, 4 – 6. ix. 2008, (6.3700, - 74.5752, 300 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ San Roque Municipality, San Jose del Nus Township, 7. ii. 2009, (6.4875, - 74.8342, 800 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ El Topacio Township, 23. vii. 2013, (6.4694, - 74.9019, 950 m asl), J. Cogollo & Yenny Correa leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Nariño Municipality, Puente Linda Township, 26. vii. 2009, (5.5841, - 75.1286, 750 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 4 ♁♁ Remedios Municipality, La Cruz Township, (6.9088, - 74.5672, 523 m asl), L. Campuzano & C. Bota leg.; 4 ♁♁, San Luis Municipality, La Garrucha Township, 23. xii. 2009, (6.0040, - 74.9390, 397 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 3 ♁♁ San Carlos Municipality, Samana Township, 27. iii. 2012, (6.1500, - 74.8000, 600 m asl), Flórez & C. Bota leg., CEUA; 4 ♁♁ El Carmen de Viboral Municipality, El Porvenir Township, 29. xi. 2016, (5.8969, - 75.1795, 950 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ VENEZUELA, Táchira State, San Felix, 12. iv. 1996, (350 m asl), J ̧ rg DeMarmels leg., CEUA. Known distribution. Brazil (Acre state), Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama and Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAB91466AD7F9E9A8C2A0B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: BP greatly swollen or expanded (Figs. 50 c – d); all portions of cercus subequal in length (Fig. 50 c); ridge above ML straight, long; ML apex acute (Fig. 50 e) or blunt (Figs. 50 c – d); in dorsal view, MP-AP junction rounded (Fig. 50 e). Donnelly (1992) proposed the subspecies H. mitratum atroterminatum for populations of Central Panama, which was later recognized in some populations found in Colombia (Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017). The main characteristic used to separate H. mitratum from its subspecies is the absence of black coloration on dorsal S 8, which is black in H. mitratum atroterminatum.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAD91456AD7FE2BAB9BA09D.taxon	description	(Figs. 51 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 19 (2 ’)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAD91456AD7FE2BAB9BA09D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♁♁ BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro state, Nova Friburgo, Pico São João, 26. i. 1996, (type locality, 1500 m asl), Mielke leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Brazil (Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAD91456AD7FE2BAB9BA09D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This is a very rare and unique species, which has been collected on only two occasions (1990 and 1996), not seen ever since, and assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 h). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP uniquely consisted of a long, narrow ventral branch (Fig. 51 c – d); upper plate small, shaped like an inverted triangle, bearing a small row of teeth posteriorly; ridge fused with ML up to 1 / 2 of lower plate (Figs. 51 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FE00A925A53B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None, only known from type holotype, which was lost (Vilela et al. 2019), originally housed at RBINS. Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FE00A925A53B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Described from a single male collected in Caxambu, Minas Gerais state, this species has not been collected again, despite some search in that area by A. B. M. Machado (pers. comm. in 2019). Because of this, the assessment of H. obsoletum in the IUCN Red List is Data Deficient (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 i). According to Selys (1886), this species can be separated from the other congeners by the broad shape of the MP plate, which has a rounded apex. Vilela et al. (2019 b) made a thorough analysis of this enigmatic species, separating it from H. denisye and other congeners.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FB54A856A7EB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None. Known distribution. Brazil (Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FB54A856A7EB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Regarding H. ochraceum, it was described by Selys (1862) based on the two sexes, including one male and two females (one of them teneral). According to Williamson (1919), Hagen considered H. cinnamomeum to be a junior synonym of H. ochraceum, though not formalizing this proposition. Additionally, one can observe many similarities between the female assigned as H. ochraceum (depicted by Williamson 1919, Plate IV fig. 19) and the female assigned as H. aurantiacum (Lencioni 2013, fig. 50 b). The main problem is that the type specimens are now incomplete (the male is missing) and impossible to associate with any valid name (von Ellenrieder & Garrison 2007). However, as we have not studied the types in person, for now we do not consider this name as nomen dubium. Currently, there is not enough taxonomic information on this species to formalize a proper diagnosis. See further discussion under H. cinnamomeum.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE914A6AD7F884AB87A3E5.taxon	description	(Figs. 52 a – j) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 23 (20 ’)] Heteragrion ovatum: Selys 1862: 19 – 20 (description of ♁ from Brazil; comparison with H. dorsale); — Selys 1886: 56 (assigns the ♀ as H. ochraceum); — Williamson 1919: 11, 16 – 17 (key to species, ♁ in couplet b 2; remarks); — Machado 1988: 273 (comparison with H. petiense); — Machado & Bedê 2006: 50 – 51 (comparison with other Heteragrion species); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE914A6AD7F884AB87A3E5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Examined through original description and images of supposed representatives of this species. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Campos do Jordão, i. 1966, (- 22.7458, - 45.5797, 1700 m asl), Ebert leg., RWG; 1 ♁ Rio de Janeiro state, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 11. i. 1973, (- 22.4166, - 44.6166, 1300 m asl), O. H. H. Mielke leg., RWG. Known distribution. Brazil (states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE914A6AD7F884AB87A3E5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. It should be noted that the specimens discussed in this study may only represent potential examples of the elusive H. ovatum, although they closely resemble the description and the small illustration provided by Selys (Figs. 52 i – j). See the original description below (translated from French by Rosser Garrison): “ Abdomen ♁: 44; ♀: 31. HW: 31. Wings hyaline, almost reaching the seventh [abdominal] segment, fairly narrow, stalked up to about the basal third of the quadrilateral; the latter short, extending less than halfway up between the arculus and nodus. CuP a little closer to the arculus than to the first Ax. Pt dark brown, surmounting three cells, slightly oblique distally, pointed proximally, touching the costal margin at its terminal two-third. About twenty Px in the fore wings. [Head] Brown above, yellowish below. Labrum, anteriorly rimmed with a line, some designs between the eyes, and the rear of the head yellow. Prothorax and front of synthorax [mesepisterna] brown, having on each side [of the mesepisternum] a rounded oval yellowish spot and the sides [remainder of the thorax] yellow. A narrow basal ring on S 3 – 7, the posterior half of S 8, [and] S 9 – 10 entirely yellowish. Legs dirty yellowish. Anal appendages yellowish, the cerci twice as long as S 10, cerci robust slightly hairy externally, swollen below the base and having, after the middle, a very strong rounded, flattened inner tooth. The paraprocts large, rounded, very short, barely visible. ♀? (1) [♀ later synonymized with H. ochraceum]. Country: Brazil, after a male in the St. Petersburg Museum that I reviewed and illustrated there fifteen years ago [this specimen is now lost]. NB. I do not have this species before me, but from my description and my drawing, it should resemble the dorsale differing by the two well-defined oval spots on the mesepisterna that are much smaller, non-contiguous, the absence of lateral lines black thorax and upper appendages more robust. ” At any rate, the H. ovatum specimens treated here represent very precisely the description by Selys. The only impediment to a fully correct diagnosis for this species is the lack of the originally described material. Its remarkably expanded BP region is unique among the genus (see Fig. 52), and its distribution is coherent with most Group A species.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA1914A6AD7FC97A80EA653.taxon	description	(Figs. 53 a – c) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 4 (2)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA1914A6AD7FC97A80EA653.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Known only from type material; examined through original description and holotype images (holotype housed at MIZA). Known distribution. Northern Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA1914A6AD7FC97A80EA653.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion palmichale is an enigmatic species, described from two males collected at “ Via Palmichal ”, a road area near Cerro de Paja mountain (Carabobo, Venezuela), in 1992 (Hartung 2002). According to Hartung (2002), the main characteristics of this species, setting it apart from the remaining Heteragrion species were: the large size (abdomen 52.5 mm), the large paraptocts (referred by him as “ spine-like inferior appendages ”), and the “ strongly arched ” (curved downwards at its midlength) cercus (Fig. 53 c). De Marmels (2008) described H. archon, which shares several morphological similarities with H. palmichale, such as (in parenthesis the nomenclature used in this study): “ cercus arched downwards, expanding towards tip ”, “ paraproct long and robust ”, “ total body size unusually large ”, “ tip apparently trifid, due to shortening of terminal branch ” (AP referred to as the terminal branch, forming a trifid branch with ML), and “ apical excision of internal branch as to suggest presence of a third, median branch ” (ML with a medial excision, that is, bilobate). In contrast, De Marmels also pointed out the characters separating the two species: H. archon having larger body size, including wings; head color pattern, and the arching of cercus in lateral view, which is more angled in H. palmichale (Fig. 53 c) than in H. archon (Fig. 11 c). Regarding its conservation status, H. palmichale was recently assessed in the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered (CR), and possibly extinct, “ as it has not been seen since its initial discovery in 1992 ” and “ no conservation actions are protecting it and it is threatened by urban and agriculture expansion, natural fires and water extraction for crop irrigation ” (Vivas-Santeliz et al. 2021 b).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA291496AD7FB41AB87A68A.taxon	description	(Figs. 54 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 5 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA291496AD7FB41AB87A68A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ VENEZUELA, Bolivar state, El Pauji, 4. viii. 1990, (1000 m asl), R. W. Garrison leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Southeastern Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA291496AD7FB41AB87A68A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species possesses a tubercle or apophysis on the ventral BP portion, a feature that is shared only with H. triangulare and H. ictericum. De Marmels (1987) stated that H. pemon keys out to H. ictericum following Williamson’s key (1919), but no further morphological characters are provided to separate the two species. In fact, it is highlighted that “ H. pemon is probably restricted to the “ Gran Sabana ”, a highland plateau on which the famous “ Tepuis ” (table mountains) stand ” (De Marmels 1987). DSV and FAAL have seen specimens of both species (not the types), and, apart from coloration characters, they seem to be identical in their morphology. At any rate, we are waiting for examination of the types and a molecular analysis to test the monophyly of these species.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA391486AD7FBEDAA45A657.taxon	description	(Figs. 55 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 13 (12)]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA391486AD7FBEDAA45A657.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ Chocó Department, Unión Panamericana Municipality, Corregimiento Salero, 24. vii. 2010, (6.6108, - 74.5771, 100 m asl), L. Pérez & J. Montes leg., UARC; 1 ♁ Risaralda Department, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Corregimiento Santa Cecilia, Alto Amurrupá Reserve, Ranas de Cristal stream, 26. ix. 2018, (5.3203, - 76.1736, 620 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA. Known distribution. Northwestern Colombia.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA391486AD7FBEDAA45A657.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. According to the IUCN Red List, H. peregrinum is assessed as Vulnerable, based on “ its restricted range and decline in potential habitat ”, and the type location has been severely modified since its discovery (Bota-Sierra 2021). The species was recently rediscovered in some other areas, but always in small numbers (Bota-Sierra 2021). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: BP the longest, with nearly straight margin (Fig. 55 e); MP subequal in length to AP (Fig. 55 e); ridge above ML long, bearing strong teeth on a straight line, not reaching its apex (Figs. 55 c – e); ML apex acute (Figs. 55 c – e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA4914E6AD7FA03A86DA77B.taxon	description	(Figs. 56 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 22 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA4914E6AD7FA03A86DA77B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Caeté, 6. xii. 1987 C. M. S. Miranda, G. C. Oliveira, R. O. P. Queiroz-Filho & L. H. F. Souza e Silva leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) Santa Barbara, Reserva de Peti, 25. x. 1987, (- 19.9000, - 43.3833), A. B. M. Machado leg., ABMM; 2 ♁♁ Bahia state, Macarani, Mata do Passarinho, 30. i. 2014, J. E. Santos-Jr. leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, 21 – 28. i. 2012 (1000 m asl), A. Nemésio leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA4914E6AD7FA03A86DA77B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate broad, slightly concave, bearing a posterior row of teeth (Figs. 56 c – d); ML ridge located posteriorly, its apex bluntly shaped (Figs. 56 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA5914C6AD7F914A9DDA1C1.taxon	description	(Figs. 57 a – g) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 30 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA5914C6AD7F914A9DDA1C1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRASIL, São Paulo state, Pindamonhangaba, Fazenda Trabiju, 26. iii. 1999, F. A. A. Lencioni leg., FAAL; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) same data, but 21. xi. 1998, FAAL; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) same data, but 29. xi. 1998, ABMM. Known distribution. Brazil (states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA5914C6AD7F914A9DDA1C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, due to its restricted range and rarity, having been collected only three times, in 1998, 1999 and 2018, the latter in a Malaise trap (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 j). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: posterior margin of upper plate sinuous, bearing small teeth, anterior margin nearly curved, upper plate concave at its middle (Fig. 57 e); ridge centered (Fig. 57 f); in lateral view, cercus tapering towards its apex (Fig. 57 g); ML apex ‘ W’ shaped, bilobate (Fig. 57 e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FE02AFE7A6BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Bahia state, Municipality of Una, Fazenda Araruna, 19. ix. 2019, (- 15.3146, - 39.1621, 40 m asl), M. E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) same data as holotype, but (- 15.3101, - 39.1621), FAAL. Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Bahia state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FE02AFE7A6BE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: posterior margin of upper plate long, bearing a row of strong teeth, anterior margin short (Fig. 58 c); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 58 d); ML apex roughly squared (Fig. 58 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FEF3A9EBA0B3.taxon	description	(Figs. 58 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 31 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB891536AD7FF43AF87A636.taxon	description	(Figs. 59 a – c) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 10 ’]	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB891536AD7FF43AF87A636.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Examined through original description and holotype images (holotype housed at MCZ). Known distribution. Central Panama.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB891536AD7FF43AF87A636.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, as it is a poorly known taxon, known from only the type locality, pending additional collections to determine its current conservation status (González-Soriano & Guzmán Ojeda 2021 a). Donnelly (1992) stated that this species “ stands quite alone in the genus for near absence of black markings ”. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: head red, remainder of body pale yellow; ridge above ML straight, its apex sclerotized (Fig. 59 c); ML with acute apex (Fig. 59 c); AP with a longitudinal depression (Fig. 59 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB891516AD7F8A7A91CA30D.taxon	description	(Figs. 60 a – g) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 8 (7)] Heteragrion silvarum: Sjöstedt 1918: 4 – 6 (description of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. aurantiacum, H. cinnamomeum and “ H. malicentum ” [misspelled]; plate 1, fig. 10); — Williamson 1919: 63 – 64 (discussion and comparison with other species); — De Marmels 1987: 229 – 231 (redescription of holotype and ♀ paratype, differences from H. ictericum, illustration of ♁ and ♀ head and prothorax, ♁ thorax, ♀ S 8 – 10 in lateral view, ♀ S 9 – 10 in ventral view; figs. 13 – 19, 47 – 48); — Lencioni 2005: 141 (data on description and distribution, illustration from Sj ̂ stedt 1918 and De Marmels 1987; figs. 88 a – j); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species); — von Ellenrieder 2012: 59, 62, 73 (list of species from Suriname; mentions synonymy with H. melanurum); — Lencioni 2013: 13 (synonymic list, types, distribution, diagnosis, remarks; figs. 23, 33 d – f, 54 c, 72); — von Ellenrieder et al. 2017: 3 (list of species from Guyana); — Rochas et al. 2022: 200 (species recorded from French Guiana).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB891516AD7F8A7A91CA30D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Pará state, Flona de Carajás, Igarapé Afluente do Rio Águas Claras, 22. viii. 2022, (- 5.9881, - 50.4984, 240 m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 1 ♁ Tailândia, Agropalma, 7. iv. 2012, J. M. B. Oliveira-Jr. leg., LABECO; 5 ♁♁ Tailândia, Agropalma (H 48 H 50), 25. x. 2016, (- 2.6183, - 48.8301), Vilela, Cordero-Rivera, Amorim & Rivas-Torres leg., LESTES; 4 ♁♁ same data, but (P 1 F 1), 27. x. 2016, (- 2.6191, - 48.7811); 3 ♁♁ same data, but (P 10 P 2), 3. xi. 2016, (- 2.3116, - 48.6692); 1 ♁ same data, but (P 21 P 13 Novo), 4. xi. 2016, (- 2.2663, - 48.6268); 1 ♁ same data, but (P 24 P 14), 23. x. 2016; (- 2.5737, - 48.8174); 1 ♁ Rondônia state, Porto Velho, 3. v. 1922, (- 8.7500, - 63.9000, 100 m asl), J. H. Williamson & J. W. Strohm leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ same data, but FAAL. Synonyms. Heteragrion melanurum Williamson, 1919 (De Marmels 1987) Known distribution. Brazil (states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB891516AD7F8A7A91CA30D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species shares with H. cooki and H. cinnamomeum the cercus with a long BP, ending in subequal MP and AP, with a developed ML. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: straight BP margin (Fig. 60 d); ML broad, roughly squared (Figs. 60 d – g); ML ridge short, nearly straight, reaching or not ML apex (Fig. 60 f); ML apex blunt, not bilobate; MP – AP junction rounded or angled (Figs. 60 d – g).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBA91506AD7F8B1A9B8A3BD.taxon	description	(Figs. 61 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 6 ’] Heteragrion simulatum: Williamson 1919: 47 – 50 (key to species, ♁ in couplet g 2; description of ♁ and ♀ from Guyana; comparison with H. ictericum; 48 – 49, 70, 97 – 98, 164 – 165); — De Marmels 1989: 17 (comparison with H. breweri, H romani and H icterops); — De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela); — Hartung 2002: 191 (comparison with H. palmichale); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species); — von Ellenrieder et al. 2017: 3 (list of species from Guyana); — Rochas et al. 2022: 200 (species recorded from French Guiana).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBA91506AD7F8B1A9B8A3BD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Manaus, Igarapé Barro Branco, 20. iv. 1995, C. Delgado leg., INPA. Known distribution. Brazil (Amazonas state), Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBA91506AD7F8B1A9B8A3BD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion simulatum shares a high degree of morphological similarity with H. icterops and H. breweri, with most of their characters except for coloration being identical according to De Marmels (1989). In other words, the head color pattern in H. simulatum is quite darker than in H. icterops and H. breweri, the latter having the most yellow areas between the three. Nevertheless, this species can be distinguished from other Group B (except H. icterops and H. breweri) species based on the following combination of characters: ridge above ML long, sinuous consisting of small teeth, and a marked carina (Fig. 61 d); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 61 e); AP the shortest (Fig. 61 d); S 9 – 10 paler.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBB91576AD7FD2FAAA1A2AA.taxon	description	(Figs. 62 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 13 ’] Heteragrion tatama: Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 555 – 556, 567 – 570 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 3 ’, ♀ in couplet 2 ’; description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. aequatoriale and other congeners; figs. 2, 3 o – p, 4 e – f, p, 5 d, 6 e – g, 9 a – b, f); — Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92 – 93 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 4, ♀ in couplet 2 ’; figs. 6 g – h, 11 d – f, 16 a – c, 20).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBB91576AD7FD2FAAA1A2AA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) COLOMBIA, Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Monte Bello Township, Minas de Cuarzo stream, 22. vii. 2016, (5.2286, - 76.0980, 1480 m asl), C. Bota, F. García & J. Sandoval leg., CEUA; 4 ♁♁ (PARATYPES) Stream at Taibá’s river canyon, 16. iv. 2014, (5.2163, - 76.0883, 1660 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 5 ♁♁ Minas de Cuarzo stream, 15. ix. 2014, (5.2286, - 76.0980, 1480 m asl), C. Bota, C. Flórez & M. Loaíza leg., CEUA; 4 ♁♁ Stream at Taibá’s river canyon, 16. ix. 2014, (5.2163, - 76.0883, 1660 m asl), C. Bota, C. Flórez & M. Loaíza leg., CEUA; 3 ♁♁ Taibá’s river canyon, 2. ii. 2015, (5.2163, - 76.0883, 1660 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 6 ♁♁ Taibá’s river canyon, 24. iii. 2015, (5.2163, - 76.0883, 1660 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 2 ♁♁ Taibá’s river canyon, 30. v. 2015, (5.2163, - 76.0883, 1660 m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Minas de Cuarzo stream, 24. vi. 2016, (5.2286, - 76.0980, 1480 m asl), C. Bota, A. Orejuela & D. Ayala leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Minas de Cuarzo stream, 13. vii. 2016, (5.2286, - 76.0980, 1480 m asl), C. Bota, A. Orejuela, F. García & D. Ayala leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ La Escuela stream, 27. vii. 2016, (5.2271, 76.0823, 1385 m asl), C. Bota & J. Sandoval leg., CEUA; 1 ♁ Taibá’s river canyon, 8. viii. 2016, (5.2163, 76.0883, 1660 m asl), C. Bota, N. Uribe & J. Sandoval leg., CEUA; 2 ♁♁ Path to Río Bravo, 9. viii. 2016, (1500 m asl), C. Bota, N. Uribe & J. Sandoval leg., CEUA; 3 ♁♁ Stream at Taibá’s river canyon, 16. viii. 2016, (5.2163, 76.0883, 1660 m asl), C. Bota & J. Sandoval leg., CEUA. Known distribution. Western Colombian Andes.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBB91576AD7FD2FAAA1A2AA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: BP subequal in length to AP (Figs. 62 c – d); MP the shortest; ridge above ML bearing strong teeth on a nearly straight line (Fig. 62 c); ML bearing small teeth on a single row, reaching its apex (Figs. 62 c – d); ML apex with a small cleft (Fig. 62 c).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBC91566AD7FBD7A882A30D.taxon	description	(Figs. 63 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 31 (30)] Heteragrion thais: Machado 2015: 391 – 396 (description and diagnosis of ♁; comparison with H. beschkii and H. luizfelipei; figs. 1 – 5); — Lencioni 2017: 157 – 158 (general taxonomic information; distribution; fig. 81).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBC91566AD7FBD7A882A30D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Municipality of Barroso, Mata do Baú (Baú Forest), 28. i. 2011, (- 21.1869, - 43.9761, centroid, 1100 m asl), M. M. de Souza leg., ABMM (head missing); 2 ♁♁ (PARATYPES) same data, but 20. xi. 2010, and 05. ii. 2011. Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBC91566AD7FBD7A882A30D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This rare species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, as despite being recently collected in 2011, little is known about its distribution and preferred habitats, pending further collections to determine its actual conservation state (Vilela & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021 k). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: posterior margin of upper plate straight (Fig. 63 c), upper plate concave at its middle (Fig. 63 d); ML apex squared (Figs. 63 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBD91556AD7FDBFA966A375.taxon	description	(Figs. 64 a – f) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 29 (27 ’)] Heteragrion tiradentense: Machado & Bedê 2006: 4754 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; compared with H. muryense, H. ovatum and H. petiense; figs. 1 – 5); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species); — Souza et al. 2013: 1368 (list of species from Mata do Baú); — Lencioni 2013: 13 – 14 (synonymic list, types, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 24, 36 d – f, 45 d – f, 48 c – d, 54, 64, 73); — Bedê et al. 2015: 121 (recorded to Serra de São José, Minas Gerais state); — Lencioni 2017: 159 – 160 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 82 – 83); — Ávila-Jr. et al. 2020: 128 – 129 (comparison with H. itacolomii; figs. 9 a, e, i).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBD91556AD7FDBFA966A375.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Tiradentes, Libélulas da Serra de São Jose State Wildelife Refuge (Chafariz creek at the Mãe D’ - Água forest), 11. xi. 1996, (- 21.1044, - 44.1783), L. C. Bede & W. Piper leg., ABMM; 2 ♁♁ (PARATYPES) same data, but 1. xi. 1999. Known distribution. Brazil (states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBD91556AD7FDBFA966A375.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate very short, wider than long, roughly triangular, bearing small teeth on its border (Figs. 64 d – f); ML apex acute (Fig. 64 f).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBE91546AD7FD67A8F8A225.taxon	description	(Figs. 65 a – d) [Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 4 (3)] Heteragrion triangulare: Hagen in Selys 1862: 22 – 23 [20 – 21 reprint] (♀ description); — Selys 1886: 58 – 59 (description of ♁ and ♀ unsure if they are conspecific); — Calvert 1909: 112 – 114, Fig. 39 (description of ♁ and ♀, illustration of ♁ appendages in mediodorsal view); — Williamson 1919: (key to species, ♁ in couplet d 1, ♀ in couplet c 1; discussion on species, authorship and Selys’s 1886 descriptions, illustrations of ♁ and ♀ head and prothorax in dorsal view, ♁ appendages from Calvert 1909; figs. 17 – 18, 112, 137 – 138); — St. Quentin 1970: 259 (erroneously designates Vienna female as lectotype instead of holotype); — Lencioni 2005: 142 (data on description and distribution, illustration from Calvert, 1909; fig. 89 a); — Machado 2006: 1068 – 1069 (differences from H. mantiqueirae and H. dorsale); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species); — Storari et al. 2019: 488 (list of species); — Lencioni 2013: 14 (synonymic list, information on types, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 25, 34 d – f, 35, 40 d – g, 41, 47 g – h, 55, 65, 75); — Lencioni 2017: 161 – 162 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 84 – 85); — Dalzochio et al. 2018: 7 (list of species from Rio Grande do Sul).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBE91546AD7FD67A8F8A225.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♁♁ BRAZIL, Mato Grosso state, Chapada dos Guimarães, Olho de Peixe, xi. 1963, Werner & Alvarenga leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ Goiás State, Barro Alto, 20. v. 2009, (- 15.0883, - 48.9738), S. L. Dutra, N. S. Pinto, C. C. Nóbrega & E. Santos leg., FAAL. Known distribution. Argentina and Brazil (states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBE91546AD7FD67A8F8A225.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The IUCN Red List currently classifies H. triangulare as Data Deficient. However, this assessment requires updating, as additional data on collections and taxonomy of this taxon have been added since its publication in 2009 (von Ellenrieder 2009 c; Lencioni 2013). This species possesses a tubercle or apophysis on the ventral BP portion, a feature that is shared only with H. ictericum and H. pemon. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML narrow, with squared apex (Fig. 65 c), ridge slightly curved, small, bearing strong teeth (Fig. 65 c – d).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBF915B6AD7FCA1A85BA329.taxon	description	(Figs. 66 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 22 ’] Heteragrion tricellulare: Calvert 1901: XX, 62 – 63 (key to species, couplet 1; description of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. aequatoriale; plate V, fig. 5); — Williamson 1919: 33 (key to species, ♁ in couplet c 1, ♀ in couplet a 1; remarks, comparison with H. albifrons; figs. 34 – 36, 107, 150 – 151); — Paulson 1981: 303 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species); — Novelo-Gutiérrez 1987: 11 – 22 (description of F 0 larvae); — Dunkle 1993: 355 (comparison with the ♀ of H. azulum); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species); — Escoto-Moreno et al. 2017: 386 (record from Hidalgo state, Mexico); — Carrillo-Muñoz & García-Miranda 2022: 196 – 203 (species list from Mexico).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBF915B6AD7FCA1A85BA329.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♁♁ MEXICO, Chiapas, Trinitaria Santa Rosa, vi. 1969, P. Hubbell leg., ABMM. Known distribution. Guatemala and Mexico.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBF915B6AD7FCA1A85BA329.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: AP the longest cercus portion, slightly longer than BP (Fig. 66 e); ridge above ML small, consisting of strong teeth (Figs. 66 c – e); ML apex acute (Figs. 66 c – e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB0915A6AD7FD5BAFFFA3BD.taxon	description	(Figs. 67 a – e) [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 16 ’] Heteragrion valgum: Donnelly 1992: 56 – 57 (key to species, couplet 5; description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀ from Panama; comparison with H. mitratum and H. erythrogastrum; figs. 5.3, 5.8, 5.10, 5.15); — Suhling 1999: 51 (recorded in El Valle, Panama); — Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species); — Molinar et al. 2015: 87 (list of species from Panama); — Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92 – 93, 110 (table of information; key to species, ♁ in couplet 14; remarks; figs. 6 d, 11 g – i, 20).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB0915A6AD7FD5BAFFFA3BD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♁ (PARATYPE) PANAMA, Panama, Cerro Azul, 2. vii. 1970, (ca. 700 m asl), E. S. Morton leg., FAAL; 1 ♁ COLOMBIA, Chocó Department, Acandí Municipality, Vereda Rufino, Quebrada Capitancito, 10. xii. 2005, (8.5787, - 77.3109, 30 m asl), C. Botero leg., UARC; 5 ♁♁ same data, but ANDES – E. Known distribution. Panama and Northwestern Colombia.	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB0915A6AD7FD5BAFFFA3BD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and remarks. This species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, as it occurs at a limited number of localities and has been collected only once recently (González-Soriano & Guzmán Ojeda 2021 b). In cercus morphology, H. valgum is close to H. chrysops, H. eboratum, H. calendulum and H. alienum, with which it shares the MP ridge bearing only small teeth and not partially covering ML. This species can be separated from these and the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: ridge above ML consisting of a patch of small denticles, not in a single row (Figs. 67 d – e); ML apex acute (Figs. 67 d – e).	en	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
