identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
73444D3AFFEF91126AD7FD67AE25A0D3.text	73444D3AFFEF91126AD7FD67AE25A0D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion , Selys 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion Selys, 1862</p> <p>Type species: Heteragrion flavovittatum Selys, 1862: 18, by original designation.</p> <p>Other species included: Heteragrion aequatoriale Selys, 1886; H. albifrons Ris, 1918; H. alienum Williamson, 1919; H. angustipenne Selys, 1886; H. archon De Marmels, 2008; H. aurantiacum Selys, 1862; H. azulum Dunkle, 1989; H. bariai De Marmels, 1989; H. beschkii Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. bickorum Daigle, 2005; H. breweri De Marmels, 1989; H. brianmayi Lencioni, 2013; H. calafatiensis Mendoza-Penagos, Juen &amp; Vilela, 2022; H. calendulum Williamson, 1919; H. cauei Ávila-Jr., Lencioni &amp; Carneiro, 2017; H. chlorotaeniatum De Marmels, 1989; H. chrysops Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. cinnamomeum Selys, 1862; H. consors Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. cooki Daigle &amp; Tennessen, 2000; H. corderoi sp. nov.; H. cyane Machado &amp; Souza, 2014; H. demarmelsi Stand-Pérez, Bota-Sierra &amp; Pérez-Gutiérrez, 2019; H. denisye Vilela, Koroiva &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira, 2019; H. dorsale Selys, 1862; H. eboratum Donnelly, 1965; H.erythrogastrum Selys, 1886; H. flavidorsum Calvert, 1909; H. freddiemercuryi Lencioni, 2013; H. gorbi Cezário &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira, 2021; H. gracile Machado, 2006; H. ictericum Williamson, 1919; H. icterops Selys, 1862; H. inca Calvert, 1909; H. itacolomii Ávila-Jr., Lencioni &amp; Carneiro, 2020; H. johndeaconi Lencioni, 2013; H. lencionii Vilela, Farias &amp; Santos, 2021; H. luizfelipei Machado, 2006; H. majus Selys, 1886; H. makiritare De Marmels, 2004; H. mantiqueirae Machado, 2006; H. mitratum Williamson, 1919 H. muryense Costa &amp; Santos, 2000; H. obsoletum Selys, 1886; H. ochraceum Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. ovatum Selys, 1862; H. palmichale Hartung, 2002; H. pemon De Marmels, 1987; H. peregrinum Williamson, 1919; H. petiense Machado, 1988; H. rogertaylori Lencioni, 2013; H. roquei Vilela, Rodrigues &amp; Lencioni, 2022; H. rubrifulvum Donnelly, 1992; H. silvarum Sj ̂stedt, 1918; H. simulatum Williamson, 1919; H. tatama Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2017; H. thais Machado, 2015; H. tiradentense Machado &amp; Bedê, 2006; H. triangulare Hagen in Selys, 1862; H. tricellulare Calvert, 1901; H. valgum Donnelly, 1992. From now on, authors’ names and publication dates will be omitted.</p> <p>Generic characterization and diagnosis (distinct features from other heteragrionids in squared brackets). Medium to large (36–60mm) heteragrionids [Dimeragrion Calvert, 1913 30–52mm; Heteropodagrion Selys, 1885 and Oxystigma 35–50mm]. Head varying from entirely black, black dorsally and yellow ventrally, reddish, and irregular patterns of black, blue, grey and orange [black and blue in Oxystigma; brown to black with pale details in Dimeragrion and Heteropodagrion]; angulated frons (shared with other heteragrionids). Posterolateral margins and hind lobe of prothorax rounded (shared with Oxystigma). Pterothorax often bearing a black humeral stripe; overall coloration black/brown, with pale and vivid yellow/orange areas in most species, others with shades of grey and blue [Dimeragrion with black and pale colors, bearing some dorsal pruinescence in some species; Heteropodagrion with reddish tones]; hind femur almost reaching S2 [reaching mid S 2 in Dimeragrion, Heteropodagrion and Oxystigma]; no accessory veins basal or distal to CuP [with 1 or more basal veins in Dimeragrion]; CuP closer to antenodal 2 than to 1 [closer to antenodal 1 in Heteropodagrion; closer to antenodal 1 or midway between 1 and 2 in Oxystigma]; two cells between quadrangle and vein descending from subnodus in HW discoidal field [1 cell in Oxystigma; 1 or 2 in Heteropodagrion]; RP 3 recessed at subnodus or proximal to nodus [recessed well before subnodus in Dimeragrion and Heteropodagrion; at subnodus in Oxystigma]. Abdomen with no tubercles in ventral S1 [a pair of tubercles in Dimeragrion]; in most species yellow/orange, dark brown or black dorsally with pale apical rings, S8–10 largely orange, with some species presenting lively red or blue/black colors [largely black in Oxystigma; bearing pruinosity in the last segments in Dimeragrion]; distal segment of genital ligula with lateral flagella, lacking inner fold [well-developed inner fold in Dimeragrion and Heteropodagrion]. Cerci elongated, forcipate or spear-like, robust compared to the length of S10, with a well-developed medial lobe [poorly developed on Heteropodagrion]; Group B species with well-developed paraprocts, which vary in size and shape.</p> <p>These features have been described and compiled based on previous studies by Geijskes (1976), De Marmels (1987, 1989), von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison (2007), Garrison et al. (2010), Lencioni (2013), and Garrison (2014).</p> <p>Morphological comments</p> <p>The taxonomic diversity of Heteragrion is evident when examining its representatives, that stands out among other members of the family (Williamson 1919; Garrison et al. 2010; Lencioni 2013; Stand-Pérez et al. 2019). Species delimitation in this genus is mostly based on the morphology of the male anal appendages, as knowledge of female structures is still limited and requires further extensive study, although recent publications have made significant progress on this topic (Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017; Stand-Pérez et al. 2019; Vilela et al. 2019a). When comparing the two groups of species in Heteragrion (A and B), it is possible to observe some distinct differences in their appendages: 1) in Group A species, the cerci have a more truncate and forcipate aspect (“ en crochets ”, as stated by Selys 1862), with basal dilatations and broad plates (see Figs. 1–4 for comparisons between the groups); and 2) in Group B species, the cerci are more slender, spear-like and often with acute tips. However, there are some exceptions. For instance, H. aurantiacum (Figs. 12f–i), a Group A species, has the basal portion of cercus poorly expanded, in contrast to other species from the same group, like H. brianmayi (Fig. 18d) or H. cauei (Fig. 21d). Similarly, H. archon (Fig. 11c) and H. palmichale (Fig. 53c), both Group B species, have broad and downward curved cercus, standing out not only from other Group B species, but from all congeners.</p> <p>The cercus in Heteragrion (see also Lencioni 2013 for further images on different angles) can be divided into three main portions (Figs. 1a–b, 2a–h, 3a–f):</p> <p>(i) the basal portion (BP), which is the part of the cercus attached to S10, displays a wide range of morphological variations among the different species. They can be compact (Figs. 2e–f); bear many degrees of convexities (Figs. 10f, 14e, g) or hollow concavities (Figs. 15c, 25e, 52e); tubercles or apophyses (Figs. 4b–c); or unique ventral branches (H. muryense, Figs. 51c–d). The structural features of the BP are far more diversified in shape and size on Group A species, whereas Group B species have usually compact BPs, lacking any expanded concavities in this area. On the other hand, BP convexities (as seen in Figs. 10f, 14e, g) are a Group B feature. It is important to notice the difference between the convexities present in some Group B species and the ventral tubercle (or apophysis, Figs. 4b–c) present in some Group A species: whereas the convexities are expanded medially on the medial margin of the BP, the tubercles are extended downwards, being restricted to that ventral area.</p> <p>(ii) the medial portion (MP), whose extension is delimited by the size and development of the medial lobe (ML, Fig. 1a) and the extension of the toothed carina (Fig. 1b), bears the most important character-delimiting species on the genus. The ML is a more complex structure in Group A than in Group B species. Some Group A species have the ML composed of a lower plate, an upper plate, and a carina that extends between them, in a “two-story” structure (Figs. 2a–d). Other species of the same group have more simple ML structures, bearing a medial toothed carina (elevated carina in H. cooki, Fig. 26c), dividing the plate and reaching or not its apex (Figs. 3a–c). The apex is also a structure that varies in shape and size, being squared (Fig. 63c, 65c), rounded (Fig. 28c, 45d), bilobate (Fig. 30c) or undulate (Figs. 37c–d). On species from Group B, the medial portion (MP) features a toothed ridge, located immediately above the ML (Figs. 1b, 2g –h, 3d–f). In some species, the toothed ridge is robust, bearing strong teeth and covering part of the ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views (Figs. 2g –h). In other species, the ridge bears only small teeth, not covering the ML in any view (Figs. 9e, 20e, 32c–d). Or the ML is free of any dividing ridges, the plate entire or smooth (Figs. 2e–h). In some cases, a row of small teeth on the ML do not form a ridge (Fig. 62d). In contrast, all Group A species bear a strong ridge dividing the ML, in most cases at its middle.</p> <p>(iii) the apical portion (AP) is delimited from the MP by a junction that may be in different shapes: angled (Fig. 14d–e), rounded (Fig. 14g), or nearly straight (Fig. 19c). Where this junction is not well delimited at the base of ML, as seen in H. calafatiensis (Fig. 19), the MP-AP border is delimited by the apical end of the toothed ridge (i.e., apical tooth, Fig. 19c). AP varies greatly in length, being long, as in H. albifrons (Figs. 8c–d) and H. consors (Fig. 25c), or very short, as in H. archon (Fig. 11c), H. palmichale (Fig. 53c) and H. calendulum (Fig. 20e). In species with long AP portions, it is quite common for these structures to include a longitudinal depression (Fig. 31c). In medial view, the AP does not bear any morphological character important in taxonomic distinction. Instead, it is invariably a slightly concave structure bearing no ridges or carinas; those are confined to the upper margin (Figs. 14e, 16e).</p> <p>Intraspecific variation and species delimitation</p> <p>Especially for species in which we could examine a large series of specimens, a wide range of variation in terms of color and morphology were observed (Figs. 5, 12, 42, 60). As discussed by Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez (2017), color and morphological variation are known and well documented for only a few species of the genus, and based on what we could observe among the examined material and literature, this variability has been recorded for only a few species due to inadequate sampling and, in some cases, poor preservation of deposited specimens.</p> <p>Some boundaries between species are difficult to delimit, mainly because many of them are represented by few individuals, making difficult the analysis of intra- and interspecific variability. For example, similar species such as H. ictericum and H. pemon; H. palmichale and H. archon; H. rogertaylori and H. thais are morphologically close, and new synonymies may be feasible pending studies on a molecular level or further morphological assessment with more specimens. Thus, we can assume that the intraspecific variation of nearly half of the Heteragrion species is unknown or poorly known, and this can lead us to misinterpret variations, causing species to be described as new that later can have their names synonymized.</p> <p>In this study, we treat these species as valid and consider the combination of characters provided by the original authors to separate morphologically close taxa.</p> <p>Several Heteragrion species (14, to be accurate) have their conservation status assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, mainly due to the paucity of specimens known and recent specimens lacking (see species accounts). These species total nearly 23% of the known species, and this percentage may grow even more if we add recently described species (i.e., in the last 30 years) based on small series collected in one or two localities, such as H. muryense, H. gracile, H. mantiqueirae, H. freddiemercuryi, H. brianmayi, H. johndeaconi, H. cyane, H. thais, H. denisye, and H. roquei.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>This genus is widespread in the Neotropical region, being found from Central Mexico to Southern Brazil and Northeastern Argentina (Fig. 6). As discussed in the previous section, the distributional data for most species is probably still inadequate, but even with this data deficit we can spot a difference in distribution between the two distinct groups of species.</p> <p>Group B species (Fig. 6, red dots) are mostly found in the Andean region, Central America, and Mexico, whereas Group A species (Fig. 6, green dots) are found mostly in Brazil (from North to South), but also being recorded in Venezuela, Ecuador and in the southern Brazilian border with Argentina. There is a “common area”, where species from both groups can be found, that ranges from southern Venezuela to the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, comprising, therefore most of the Brazilian and Venezuelan Amazon Basin.</p> <p>Identification key</p> <p>Key to male Heteragrion species (H. dorsale, H. ochraceum and H. obsoletum omitted due to lack of information on types, and taxonomic uncertainty)</p> <p>Important note: This identification key relies heavily on the morphology of the cerci, including their ridges, carinas, and overall ML shape. Other features, such as body coloration, may also be used as secondary characteristics. Frequently the examined structures may be hidden, depending on the specimen, so we recommend relaxing and spreading the anal appendages to obtain a better view of the diagnostic characters.</p> <p>1. Paraprocts poorly developed (vestigial); overall aspect of cercus oblong, swollen (Figs. 2a–c, 4a–c); in most species, BP forming a hollow space that varies in size and shape (Figs. 2a–b, 15c, 18c); ML with a developed ridge or carina (Figs. 3a–c), frequently dividing ML into two plates and forming an additional upper plate (Figs. 2c–d, 18c–d, 25c–e)................................................................................................. Group A key (couplet 2)</p> <p>1’. Paraprocts developed, being short (ca. 1/3 of cercus length, Fig. 4d), medium (ca. 2/3 of cercus length, Fig. 4e) or long sized (over 1/2 of cercus length, Fig. 4f); BP compact, not forming a hollow space (Figs. 2e–h, 7e–f); ML entire, not divided by a ridge or carina (Figs. 3d–f, 8c–e), only with small teeth in a few species (Figs. 55c–e); a longitudinal toothed ridge above ML (Figs. 2g –h, 3e–f, 8c–e)............................................................. Group B key (couplet 2)</p> <p>Key to Group A species</p> <p>2 (1). In the medial portion of cercus (MP, see Fig. 1a), medial lobe (ML) consisting of a single plate with a medial carina, reaching or not ML apex (e.g., Figs. 3a–c, 12f–j, 38c).................................................... 3</p> <p>2’. In the MP, ML consisting of two plates (upper and lower), sustained by a medial ridge (e.g., Figs. 2c–d, 18c–d, 21e).................................................................................................. 19</p> <p>3 (2). BP consisted of a hairy tubercle or apophysis, not forming a hollow ventral concavity (e.g., Figs. 4b–c, 65c–d)....... 4</p> <p>3’. BP lacking a tubercle, its ventral portion poorly dilated or forming a hollow, dilated ventral concavity, varying in expansion ventrally and posteriorly (e.g., Figs. 2a–b, 15c, 18c)...................................................... 6</p> <p>4 (3). ML narrow, with squared apex (Fig. 65c), ridge slightly curved, small, bearing strong teeth (Fig. 65c–d)................................................................................................. H. triangulare</p> <p>4’. ML broad, with roughly squared apex, ridge bearing small teeth (e.g., Figs. 54c–d)............................. 5</p> <p>5 (4’). Head lacking a basal line of the frontoclypeal suture; restricted to Northern Brazil (Figs. 38c–d).......... H. ictericum</p> <p>5’. Head with a basal line on the frontoclypeal suture; restricted to the Venezuelan Tepuis (Figs. 54c–d)........ H. pemon</p> <p>6 (3’). BP the longest cercus portion, little dilated ventrally; MP and AP subequal in length (e.g., Figs. 60d–f)............. 7</p> <p>6’. BP not the longest cercus portion, moderately to dilated ventral concavity; MP and AP not subequal in length (e.g., Fig. 12g, 28c, 30c).................................................................................... 9</p> <p>7 (6). BP margin straight (Figs. 26c–d, 60d); ML broad, roughly squared; ML apex not bilobate, or if so, bearing only a small cleft (Figs. 26c, 60d–g)............................................................................. 8</p> <p>7’. BP slightly curved inwards (Fig. 24c); ML narrow, ridge bearing strong teeth (Fig. 24e); ML apex bilobate, W shaped (Figs. 24c–e)....................................................................... H. cinnamomeum</p> <p>8 (7). ML ridge short, nearly straight, reaching or not ML apex (Fig. 60f); ML apex blunt, lacking cleft......... H. silvarum</p> <p>8’. ML ridge long, bearing an elevated ridge (Fig. 26c); ML apex with a small cleft (Fig. 26d)................. H. cooki</p> <p>9 (6’). Overall body coloration consisting of shades of blue and green, with black background (e.g., Figs. 28a–b, 30b, 36b).................................................................................................. 10</p> <p>9’. Overall body coloration consisting of shades of yellow and orange, with black background (e.g., Figs. 12a–e, 27a, 46ab)............................................................................................ 12</p> <p>10 (9). ML ridge not reaching its apex (Fig. 28c); ML apex rounded, not bilobate (Figs. 28c–d)................... H. cyane</p> <p>10’. ML ridge almost reaching its apex (Figs. 30c, 36); ML apex not rounded, bilobate (Figs. 30d, 36 c–d)............. 11</p> <p>11 (10’). Lobes of ML apex rounded (Fig. 30c)......................................................... H. denisye</p> <p>11’. Anterior lobe of ML acute, posterior lobe rounded (Figs. 36c–d)...................................... H. gorbi</p> <p>12 (9’). ML apex cleft or bilobate (e.g., Figs. 12f–j, 27d, 46d).................................................... 13</p> <p>12’. ML apex entire or undulated, not cleft or bilobate (e.g., Figs. 15c, 37c–d, 45c–d).............................. 15</p> <p>13 (12). ML ridge nearly straight, long, reaching its apex, lacking an additional ridge and hollow space, bearing several small teeth (Figs. 12f, 27e–f)................................................................................ 14</p> <p>13’. ML ridge short, bearing strong teeth (Fig. 46c), with an additional ridge forming a hollow space posteriorly (Figs. 46e–f)..................................................................................... H. luizfelipei</p> <p>14 (13). ML longer than wide, its apex bilobate, ‘W’ shaped (Figs. 27d).............................. H. corderoi sp. nov.</p> <p>14’. ML wider than long, apex not bilobate varying in width, but ending in a usually narrow cleft apex (Figs. 12f–j)........................................................................................... H. aurantiacum</p> <p>15 (12’). BP not greatly expanded or dilated ventrally (e.g., Fig. 15c)............................................... 16</p> <p>15’. BP expanded ventrally, forming a hollow concavity (e.g., Figs. 48d, 49c).................................... 17</p> <p>16 (15). BP densely hairy (Fig. 15c); ML ridge bearing strong teeth, reaching its apex (Fig. 15c); in lateral view, BP with a dorsobasal expansion (Fig. 15d); ML apex square (Fig. 15c)....................................... H. beschkii</p> <p>16’. BP not densely hairy; ML formed by a broad plate (Figs. 45c–d); ML ridge short, not reaching its apex (Fig. 45d); in lateral view, BP lacking dorsobasal expansion; ML apex rounded (Fig. 45d)............................... H. lencionii</p> <p>17 (15’). ML with two parallel ridges on its medial space (Fig. 37d), plus an additional basal ridge (Fig. 37c); ML apex undulate (Figs. 37c–d).............................................................................. H. gracile</p> <p>17’. ML with a single ridge on medial space (Figs. 48c–d, 49c), lacking an additional basal ridge; ML apex not undulate (Figs. 48c, 49c)....................................................................................... 18</p> <p>18 (17’). ML ridge long, sinuous, bearing strong teeth, reaching ML apex (Fig. 49c); AP margin lacking any basal swelling (Fig. 49c)................................................................................ H. mantiqueirae</p> <p>18’. ML ridge short, bearing small teeth, not reaching ML apex (Fig. 48c); AP margin bearing a small basal swelling (Fig. 48d)................................................................................. H. makiritare</p> <p>19 (2’). BP uniquely with a long, narrow ventral branch (Figs. 51c–d)..................................... H. muryense</p> <p>19’. BP lacking a long, narrow ventral branch, instead forming a hollow, dilated ventral concavity, varying in expansion (e.g., Figs. 2a–b, 18c)................................................................................. 20</p> <p>20 (19’). Upper plate of MP subequal in size to lower plate (e.g., Figs. 21e, 25c–e, 56c–d).............................. 21</p> <p>20’. Upper plate of MP smaller than lower plate (e.g., Fig. 18c–d, 43c–e, 52e).................................... 23</p> <p>21 (20). Upper plate rounded, lower plate roughly squared (Figs. 21e, 56c)......................................... 22</p> <p>21’. Upper plate and lower plate with similar shape (Figs. 25c–e)....................................... H. consors</p> <p>22 (21). Upper plate broader than lower plate; lower plate bearing two carinae and squared apex (Fig. 21e)........... H. cauei</p> <p>22’. Upper plate broader than lower plate; lower plate lacking two carinae, bearing acute apex (Fig. 56c)....... H. petiense</p> <p>23 (20’). BP hollow, greatly expanded ventrally, uniquely surpassing MP level (Figs. 52e–h)..................... H. ovatum</p> <p>23’. BP hollow, but ventral expansion not surpassing MP level (remainder of Group A species)...................... 24</p> <p>24 (23’). Upper plate narrow, longer than wide (e.g., Figs. 18c–d, 43c–e)............................................ 25</p> <p>24’. Upper plate in a different shape (small, with rounded edges, as in Figs. 44c, 35c–d; short, wider than long, as in Fig. 64d; or inverted triangle, with angled corners, as in Fig. 57e).................................................. 26</p> <p>25 (24). BP forming a greatly ventral expanded concavity (Fig. 43c); ML ridge not centered (Figs. 43d–e)........ H. itacolomii</p> <p>25’. BP ventral concavity not greatly expanded (Figs. 18c–d); ML ridge centered (Fig. 18d)................ H. brianmayi</p> <p>26 (24’). Upper plate with rounded edges (e.g., Figs. 44c, 35c–d).................................................. 27</p> <p>26’. Upper plate with angled edges (e.g., Figs. 64d, 57e)..................................................... 28</p> <p>27 (26). ML apex rounded (Figs. 34c–e).......................................................... H. flavovittatum</p> <p>27’. ML apex roughly square (Figs. 35c, 44c).............................................................. 29</p> <p>28 (26’). Upper plate bearing a posterior row of small teeth, not centered (Fig. 44c); broadly developed BP ventral concavity; ridge fused with ML at the apex (Fig. 44d)...................................................... H. johndeaconi</p> <p>28’. Upper plate bearing a posterior row of strong teeth, centered (Fig. 35c); moderately developed BP concavity; ridge fused with ML up to 1/2 of lower plate (Fig. 35d).............................................. H. freddiemercuryi</p> <p>29 (27’). Upper plate wider than long, roughly triangular, bearing small teeth on its border (Figs. 64d–f); ML apex acute (Fig. 64f) H. tiradentense</p> <p>29’. Upper plate longer than wide, shaped like an inverted triangle (e.g., Figs. 57e, 58c, 63c); ML apex squared (e.g., Fig. 63c) or bilobate (e.g., Fig. 57e)......................................................................... 30</p> <p>30 (29’). ML apex not bilobate, roughly squared (Figs. 58c, 63c–d)................................................ 31</p> <p>30’. ML apex bilobate, ‘W’ shaped (Fig. 57e).................................................... H. rogertaylori</p> <p>31 (30). Posterior margin of upper plate short, straight, bearing small teeth, anterior margin subequal in size (Fig. 63c); upper plate markedly concave at its middle (Fig. 63d); ML apex acutely squared (Figs. 63c–d)........................ H. thais</p> <p>31’. Posterior margin of upper plate long, bearing a row of strong teeth, anterior margin short (Fig. 58c); upper plate slightly concave at its middle; ML apex roughly squared (Fig. 58c)......................................... H. roquei</p> <p>Key to Group B species</p> <p>2 (1’). Paraprocts very long, surpassing 1/2 of cercus, almost reaching its apex (e.g., Figs. 4f. 11c–d).................... 4</p> <p>2’. Paraprocts from short to medium size, not surpassing 1/2 of cercus.......................................... 3</p> <p>3. Paraprocts medium sized, almost reaching 1/2 of cercus length (e.g., Figs. 4e, 17d, 39e)......................... 5</p> <p>3’. Paraprocts short, thin, not surpassing 1/3 of cercus length (e.g., Figs. 4d, 31b, 59c, 62d–e, 67d)................... 7</p> <p>4 (2). In lateral view, cercus arched at midlength (Fig. 53c); abdomen 52 mm............................ H. palmichale</p> <p>4’. In lateral view, overall cercus shape less arched (Fig. 11c) than H. palmichale (Fig. 53c); abdomen 49 mm... H. archon</p> <p>5 (3’). Ridge above ML long, sinuous consisting of small teeth, and a marked carina (Figs. 39d–f); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 39f); AP the shortest (Fig. 39d); S9–10 almost entirely black or dark brown............. H. icterops</p> <p>5’. Morphology as in H. icterops, but larger yellow areas on head, thorax and abdomen............................ 6</p> <p>6 (5’). Small yellow spots above each antenna (Fig. 17a); S9–10 dark brown/yellow.......................... H. breweri</p> <p>6’. Small spots above antennae absent (Fig. 61a); S9–10 paler...................................... H. simulatum</p> <p>7 (3’). Overall body coloration consisting of shades of blue and gray, with black background (Figs. 13a–b), S8–10 yellow (Figs. 13c–e).................................................................................. H. azulum</p> <p>7’. Overall body coloration consisting of shades of yellow and orange, with black background, or largely red areas such as head and abdomen................................................................................ 8</p> <p>8. Largely red abdomen (e.g., H. erythrogastrum and H. albifrons) or head (e.g., H. rubrifulvum).................... 9</p> <p>8’. Abdomen and head not red......................................................................... 11</p> <p>9 (8). Abdomen largely red, head largely black................................................. H. erythrogastrum</p> <p>9’. Some other combination of body coloration........................................................... 10</p> <p>10 (9’). Head and mouthparts largely pale; S3–S7 black and red, S8–10 largely red........................... H. albifrons</p> <p>10’. Head red, remainder of body pale yellow.................................................. H. rubrifulvum</p> <p>11 (8’). Longitudinal toothed ridge not partially covering ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views (e.g., Figs. 9 c–e, 55c–e; 62c).................................................................................................. 12</p> <p>11’. Longitudinal toothed ridge partially covering ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views (e.g., Figs. 2g –h, 7e–f, 10f, 14f–g)................................................................................................. 19</p> <p>12 (11). ML bearing small teeth on its plate (e.g., Figs. 55c–e; 62c)............................................... 13</p> <p>12’. ML bearing no teeth or carina on its plate (e.g., Figs. 8c–e, 10g, 14d–e)..................................... 14</p> <p>13 (12). BP the longest portion, with nearly straight margin (Fig. 55e); MP subequal in length to AP (Fig. 55e); ridge above ML long, bearing small teeth in a straight line, not reaching its apex (Figs. 55c–e); ML apex acute (Figs. 55c–e).............................................................................................. H. peregrinum</p> <p>13’. BP subequal in length to AP, slightly convex margin (Fig. 62c); MP the shortest (Fig. 62c); ridge above ML bearing strong teeth on a nearly straight line, reaching its apex; ML apex with a small cleft (Figs. 62c–e)................. H. tatama</p> <p>14 (12’). BP the longest cercus section in length (e.g., Figs. 9c–e, 20e, 67e).......................................... 15</p> <p>14’. BP not the longest cercus section in length (e.g., Fig. 7e, 23c; 31c)......................................... 18</p> <p>15 (14). Ridge above ML bearing strong teeth in a single row (Figs. 20d–e); AP small, subequal to MP (Fig. 20e)................................................................................................. H. calendulum</p> <p>15’. Ridge above ML consisting of small denticles; AP not as above............................................ 16</p> <p>16 (15’). Ridge above ML consisted of very small denticles in a single row (Figs. 9e, 16e).............................. 17</p> <p>16’. Ridge above ML consisting of a patch of small denticles, not in a single row (Figs. 67d–e)............... H. valgum</p> <p>17 (16). MP lacking an elevated crest on its medial margin (Figs. 9c–e)..................................... H. alienum</p> <p>17’. MP bearing an elevated crest on its medial margin (Figs. 16d–e)................................... H. bickorum</p> <p>18 (14’). Ridge above ML bearing strong teeth on a single row (Figs. 31b–c); ML apex acute (Figs. 31b–c)........ H. eboratum</p> <p>18’. Ridge above ML bearing very small denticles (Figs. 23c–d); ML apex blunt (Figs. 23c–d)............... H. chrysops</p> <p>19 (11’). BP with a nearly straight margin, bearing no swelling or convexity (e.g., Figs. 7e–f, 19c, 47c–e).................. 20</p> <p>19’ BP with some degree of convexity, varying from small to largely swollen (e.g., Figs. 14d–g, 22c–e, 33c–d)......... 23</p> <p>20 (19). MP the shortest portion of cercus in length (e.g., Figs. 7e, 19c, 47c–e)...................................... 21</p> <p>20’. Portions of cercus subequal in size or AP the longest (e.g., Figs. 8c–e, 66c–e)................................. 22</p> <p>21 (20). Ridge above ML upcurved, bearing strong teeth not spaced (Fig. 19c); MP–AP junction forming a nearly straight line with AP (Fig. 19c); ML apex rounded (Fig. 19c)................................................. H. calafatiensis</p> <p>21’. Ridge above ML formed by spaced and very strong teeth (Figs. 47c–e); MP–AP junction forming an angled corner; ML apex acute (Figs. 47c–e)...................................................................... H. majus</p> <p>22 (20’). Portions of cercus all subequal in size (Fig. 8d); ridge above ML long, straight, its apex forming a narrow tip (Figs. 8c–e); ML apex rounded (Fig. 8e); mouthparts and frons largely pale, not yellow (Fig. 8a).................... H. albifrons</p> <p>22’. AP the longest cercus portion, slightly longer than BP (Fig. 66e); ridge above ML short, consisting of strong teeth (Figs. 66c–e); ML apex acute (Figs. 66c–e); mouthparts and frons yellow............................... H. tricellulare</p> <p>23 (19’). BP margin greatly swollen or expanded (e.g., Figs. 14d–e, 22c–d, 33c–d).................................... 24</p> <p>23’. BP margin only slightly convex (e.g., Figs. 10d–g, 16d–e)................................................ 25</p> <p>24 (23). Ridge above ML roughly bean-shaped (Figs. 22c–e)....................................... H. chlorotaeniatum</p> <p>24’. Ridge above ML nearly straight (e.g., Figs. 42e–i, 29c).................................................. 26</p> <p>25 (23’). Ridge above ML nearly straight, with two parallel rows of teeth (Fig. 33c); MP-AP junction not marked, nearly straight (Fig. 33f)............................................................................. H. flavidorsum</p> <p>25’. Ridge above ML with a single row of teeth; MP-AP junction marked, being rounded or angled (Figs. 14d–g, 50c–e).................................................................................................. 27</p> <p>26 (24’). Ridge above ML bearing small teeth (e.g., Figs. 42e–i, 29c)............................................... 28</p> <p>26’. Ridge above ML bearing strong teeth (Figs. 7g –h; Fig. 10g).............................................. 29</p> <p>27 (25’). BP the longest cercus section (Fig. 14d)......................................................... H. bariai</p> <p>27’. All portions of cercus subequal in length (Fig. 50c)............................................. H. mitratum</p> <p>28 (26). Ridge above ML with a single row of teeth (Figs. 29c–d); male postclypeus yellow with brown transverse line (Fig. 29a); in lateral view, cercus slightly elbowed along midlength (Fig. 29e); restricted to the Colombian Amazon................................................................................................. H. demarmelsi</p> <p>28’. Ridge above ML forming a roughly rounded teeth arrangement between the two rows (Figs. 42e–f); male postclypeus yellow with a black transversal line (Figs. 42a, 42c), or lacking a transversal line (Fig. 42b); in lateral view, cercus not elbowed along midlength; Colombian Amazon, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia........................ H. inca</p> <p>29 (26’). Ridge above ML sinuous, bearing strong teeth, with a carina parallel to the ridge (Figs. 7e–f); ML apex blunt (Figs. 7g –h).............................................................................. H. aequatoriale</p> <p>29’. Ridge above ML nearly straight, with an additional row of teeth below the main ridge (Figs. 10d–g); ML apex acute (Figs. 10d–e, g)........................................................................... H. angustipenne</p> <p>Species Accounts</p> <p>Lencioni (2013), Bota-Sierra et al. (2017), and Stand-Pérez et al. (2019) extensively commented on the taxonomy and ecology of most of the species listed. Thus, in the following accounts we provide complementary information. We made no additional conservation comments on species assessed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFEF91126AD7FD67AE25A0D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF991116AD7FDCDAF33A505.text	73444D3AFFF991116AD7FDCDAF33A505.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion aequatoriale : Selys 1886	<div><p>Heteragrion aequatoriale Selys, 1886</p> <p>(Figs. 7a–h)</p> <p>[Key locator Key to Group B species, couplet 29 (26’)] Heteragrion aequatoriale: Selys 1886: 63–64 (description of ♁ and ♀ Bogota (unlikely), Colombia);— Calvert 1909: 107–108 (first drawings of ♁ appendages, fig. 37; considerations about specimens collected in Peru; noting some color variations among his and Selys specimens);— Ris 1918: 85 (notices taxonomic variations in specimens collected in Peru);— Williamson 1919: 13, 35–36 (key to species, ♁ in couplet g3; drawings of ♁ and ♀ head figs. 44–45, drawing of ♁ right superior appendage figs. 93, 131; notices some inconsistencies on Selys’s original description with ♁♁ from Peru; notes on specimens studied by Calvert and drawn by Menger, fig. 131; remainder figs. 44, 45, 113, 132, 160, 161);— Paulson 1981: 303–304 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— Donnelly 1992: 58 (comparisons with H. rubrifulvum);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88–89 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 372–373);— Bota-Sierra et al. 2016: 67–86 (misidentified as H. calendulum);— Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 555–559 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 3, ♀ in couplet 2; taxonomic history of the species, variation among specimens; description of the ♀; figs. 3a–h, 4a, 5a, e, 6c–d);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93 (notes on localities found in Colombia, altitudinal range, type depository and IUCN category; key to species, ♁ in couplet 5, ♀ in couplet 2).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Acre state, Sena Madureira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.9494&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.1348" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.9494/lat -9.1348)">Resex Cazumbá-Iracema</a>, 21.vii.2019, (-9.1348, -68.9494), V.R.S. Ferreira leg., LABECO; 1♁ same date, but 17.viii.2019, R.C. Bastos leg.; 1♁ same date, but 19.viii.2019, V.R.S. Ferreira leg.; 1♁ same date, but 25.viii.2019, V.R.S. Ferreira leg; 1♁ COLOMBIA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.0828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2271" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.0828/lat 5.2271)">Cañón del Río Taibá</a>, 27.vii.2016, (5.2271, -76.0828, 1530m asl), J. Sandoval &amp; C. Bota [Sierra] leg., CEUA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Acre state), Colombia (western and central Andes), Ecuador and Peru.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The syntype illustrations made by von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison (2007, Figs. 7e–h), and the details provided to them by Daigle (von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2007: 5–6) were helpful to a confident diagnosis of this species, which is morphologically close to H. mitratum and H. bariai. This species can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP with a nearly straight margin, bearing no swelling or convexity (Figs. 7e–f); MP the shortest portion of cercus (Figs. 7e–f); ridge above ML sinuous, bearing strong teeth, with a carina parallel to the ridge (Figs. 7e–f); junction of ridge-ML with a marked cleft (Figs. 7g –h); ML apex blunt (Figs. 7g –h). Here we report the first record of this species in Brazil.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFF991116AD7FDCDAF33A505	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFA91106AD7FBB7AE0DA1ED.text	73444D3AFFFA91106AD7FBB7AE0DA1ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion albifrons : Ris 1918	<div><p>Heteragrion albifrons Ris, 1918</p> <p>(Figs. 8a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 10 (9’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion albifrons: Ris 1918: 89 (description of ♁ holotype from Costa Rica, fig. 43);— Williamson 1919: 12, 15, 32–33 (key to species, ♁ in couplet c2, ♀ in couplet c1; mentions specimens in Calvert’s collections that match H. albifrons, considerations on similarities with H. erythrogastrum; figs. 2, 32, 33, 61, 72, 86, 87, 148, 149);— Paulson 1981: 303–304 (behavior and coloration);— González-Soriano et al. 1982: 56 (recorded in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico);— Novelo-Gutiérrez 1987: 11–22 (description of F0 larvae);— Donnelly 1992: 58 (comparisons with H. rubrifulvum);— Ramírez 1992: 361, 364–365 (larval habitats and comparison with other known larvae in Costa Rica);— Ramírez et al. 2000: 247–254 (Costa Rica);— Novelo-Gutiérrez 2007: 13 (listed among larvae described by Mexican authors);— Kalkman et al. 2010: 123 (listed among megapodagrionid known larvae);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Ramírez &amp; Gutiérrez-Fonseca 2013: 100 (key to Heteragrion larvae from Costa Rica, couplet 3’);— Rodríguez-Tapia et al. 2022: 274 (listed among species with an index of environmental vulnerability).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ MEXICO, Oaxaca, mountain road to Tuxtepec, 27.viii.1959, (545 m asl), G.H. &amp; A.F. Beatty leg., ABMM; 1♁ Veracruz, stream near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-95.0666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.5666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -95.0666/lat 18.5666)">Playa Escondida</a>, 9–13.viii.1982, (18.5666, -95.0666), R.W. Garrison leg., ABMM (head missing); 1♁ COSTA RICA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.0468&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.2836" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.0468/lat 10.2836)">Horquetas</a>, 28.v.2013, (10.2836, -84.0468, 764m asl), A.C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO.</p> <p>Known distribution. Costa Rica and Mexico.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Robust and remarkable species, mainly for the male head coloration (Fig. 8a), which is paler than in any other species of the genus. According to Paulson (1981) and CBS (personal observation), the abdomen is entirey red, except for some yellowish on S1–2, as do some H. chrysops (Williamson 1919). Heteragrion albifrons can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP with a nearly straight margin (Figs. 8c–e); portions of cercus all subequal in size (Fig. 8d); ridge above ML straight, partially covering ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views, its apex forming a narrow tip (Figs. 8c–e); ML quite broad, its apex rounded (Fig. 8e); mouthparts and frons largely pale (Fig. 8a). Morphologically close to H. tricellulare.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFFA91106AD7FBB7AE0DA1ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFB91106AD7FB76AA0AA6DB.text	73444D3AFFFB91106AD7FB76AA0AA6DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion alienum : Williamson 1919	<div><p>Heteragrion alienum Williamson, 1919</p> <p>(Figs. 9a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 17 (16)]</p> <p>Heteragrion chrysops: Calvert 1901: 62–64 (misidentification; key to species, ♁ and ♀ in couplet 3; described morphological and coloration differences with H. tricellulare).</p> <p>Heteragrion alienum: Williamson 1919: 13, 33–34 (key to species, ♁ in couplet d2, ♀ in couplet d2; description as a new species by coloration characters, based on material from Guatemala; comparison with H. albifrons and H. chrysops; figs. 5, 37, 38, 39, 57, 68, 88, 89, 105, 152, 153);— Paulson 1981: 303–304 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— Gonzalez-Soriano et al. 1982: 56 (record in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico);— Novelo-Gutiérrez 1987: 11–22 (description of F0 larvae);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88–89 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 371, 376–378);— Rodríguez-Tapia et al. 2022: 274 (listed among species with an index of environmental vulnerability);— Carrillo-Muñoz &amp; García-Miranda 2022: 196–203 (species list from Mexico).</p> <p>Material examined. 2♁♁ MEXICO, Veracruz, “Los Tuxtlas”, Arroyo Tatocapán, 29.viii.1958, G.H. &amp; A.F. Beatty leg., ABMM (two males in the same envelope).</p> <p>Known distribution. Guatemala, Southern Honduras (Dennis Paulson pers. comm.) and Mexico.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Regarding cercus morphology, H. alienum is close to H. chrysops, H. valgum, H. calendulum and H. eboratum, with which it shares the MP ridge bearing only small teeth and not partially covering ML. This species can be separated from these and other Group B species by the following character combination: BP the longest cercus portion in length (Figs. 9c–e); ridge above ML consisting of very small denticles, not partially covering ML (Fig. 9e); ML bearing no teeth or carina on its plate (Fig. 9e); AP longer than MP, bearing a longitudinal depression (Fig. 9c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFFB91106AD7FB76AA0AA6DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFC91166AD7FB1AA8E4A632.text	73444D3AFFFC91166AD7FB1AA8E4A632.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion angustipenne : Selys 1886	<div><p>Heteragrion angustipenne Selys, 1886</p> <p>(Figs. 10a–g)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 29’]</p> <p>Heteragrion angustipenne: Selys 1886: 64–65 (description of ♁ and brief description of ♀, from “ Équateur ”, comparison with other species, states that the male resembles H. aequatoriale and the female that of H. aequatoriale and H. icterops);— Calvert 1909: 108 (examination of ♁ specimen from Peru, comparison with original description; figs. 42–43);—Sĵstedt 1918: 8 (comparison with H. speciosum);— Williamson 1919: 36 (key to species, ♁ in couplet g3; states that the last segments of male holotype were lost; points out inconsistencies with Selys description of the ♀; figs; 29, 109, 110, 158);— Kimmins 1970: 196 (assigns a lectotype, states that the last segments were glued back, poss. by McLachlan);— Paulson 1981: 303–304 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 91 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 385–386);— Vilela et al. 2019a: 188, 192 (comparison with ♀ of H. icterops and H. bariai; key to ♀, couplet 1);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–96 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 5’, ♀ in couplet 4; reports first record for Colombia; full description of ♀, variation among examined specimens; comparison with H. peregrinum; figs. 4c–d, 7d–f, 12d–f, 16f, j, 17).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Rondônia state, Porto Velho, Caicala, 16.i.2014, A.L. Andrade &amp; G. Nicácio leg., LABECO. 13♁♁ COLOMBIA, Putumayo Department, Mocoa Municipality, Quebrada Sangoyaco, (650m asl), L. Pérez, J, Montes &amp; J. Villamil leg., UARC; 3♁♁ Vereda Los Sauces (600m asl), Pérez &amp; J. Montes leg., UARC; 2♁♁ Serranía de los Churumbelos National Park, 26.i.2013, (1000m asl), UARC; 1♁ Putumayo Department, Orito Municipality, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0798&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0798/lat 0.6725)">Nuevo Mundo</a>, (0.6725, -77.0798, 950m asl), M. Vigano leg., CEUA; 1♁ road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0767/lat 0.6613)">Nuevo Mundo island</a>, 20.i.2017, (0.6613, -77.0767, 890m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso, &amp; O. Janni leg., CEUA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Amazonas and Rondônia states), Colombia (eastern Andean foothills), Ecuador, and Peru.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. As already highlighted by Selys (1886), Williamson (1919), and Stand-Pérez et al. (2019), Heteragrion angustipenne is very similar in morphology to H. aequatoriale, with which it shares the cleft on the ridge-ML junction and the ridge bearing two rows of strong teeth (Figs. 7f–h; Fig. 10f–h). Apart from these similarities, H. angustipenne can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP only slightly convex (Figs. 10d–g); ridge above ML nearly straight, long, with an additional row of teeth below the main ridge, partially covering ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views (Figs. 10d–g); ML with acute apex (Figs. 10d–g); MP–AP junction with a marked cleft (Fig. 10g).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFFC91166AD7FB1AA8E4A632	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFD91156AD7F8ACA98AA329.text	73444D3AFFFD91156AD7F8ACA98AA329.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion archon : De Marmels 2008	<div><p>Heteragrion archon De Marmels, 2008</p> <p>(Figs. 11a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 4’] Heteragrion archon: De Marmels 2008: 151–155 (description of ♁ holotype from Venezuela; comparisons with H. palmichale);— von Ellenrieder 2009a: 63 (listed among Neotropical species described between 2004–2009);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 90 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 383–384);— Vivas-Santeliz &amp; De Marmels 2017: 45, 50 (listed among endemic Venezuelan species being assessed by IUCN).</p> <p>Material examined. Known only from type material; examined through original description and holotype images.</p> <p>Known distribution. Venezuela (coastal cordillera).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. See the morphological comments on this species in the section of H. palmichale. Heteragrion archon was assessed as CR by the IUCN Red List, as “recent visits to its type locality and similar habitats in the surrounding region have failed to find this species, which is threatened by tourism and fires” (Vivas-Santeliz et al. 2021a). We hope that additional surveys are conducted within the type locality and the adjacent areas to assess the present conservation status of the species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFFD91156AD7F8ACA98AA329	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFFE911B6AD7F92AAAACA745.text	73444D3AFFFE911B6AD7F92AAAACA745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion aurantiacum : Selys 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion aurantiacum Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 12a–j)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 14’] Heteragrion aurantiacum: Selys 1862: 25 [23 reprint] (description of ♁ and ♀, from “Le Brésil ”);— Selys 1886: 60 (species diagnosis, H. amazonicum and H. cinnamomeum as synonym);— Calvert 1909: 114–115 (discussion, illustration of ♁ appendages in mediodorsal view; fig. 40);— Williamson 1919: 26–28 (key to species, ♁ in couplet d1, ♀ in couplet c1; species diagnosis and illustration of head of ♁ and ♀, ♁ appendages in mediodorsal and lateral views, ♁ and ♀ prothorax in dorsal view; figs. 21–22, 78–79, 111, 121–122, 141–142, 143–144);— Santos 1968: 13–15 (larval description, illustration of larval habitus, antennae, labium, ♀ S9–10;, figs. 1–4);— Santos 1970: 149 (recorded in Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro state);— De Marmels 1987: 231 (color similarity with H. silvarum);— Costa &amp; Santos 1999: 2 (comparison with larvae of H. consors);— Costa &amp; Santos 2000: 4 (key);— Lencioni 2005: 126, Figs. 75a–c (description and distribution in Brazil, illustration of ♁ appendages in mediodorsal, dorsal and lateral views);—Machado 2006: 1065 (comparison with H. beschkii);— von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2007: 6 (mention and illustration of ♁ appendages);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Lencioni 2013: 3, 5–6 (synonymic list, diagnosis, comparison with other congeners; figs. 11a–b, 30a–c, 42a–c, 47a, 50a–b, 60–61, 68);— Souza et al. 2013: 1368 (recorded in Minas Gerais state);— Bedê et al. 2015: 121 (recorded to Serra de São José, Minas Gerais state);— Oliveira-Junior et al. 2015: 740 (list of species);— Lencioni 2017: 129–130 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 56–57);— Storari et al. 2019: 488 (recorded in Espirito Santo state);— Vilela et al. 2021: 476–482 (morphological comparison with H. lencionii; figs. 1d–e, 2c–d);— Araújo &amp; Pinto 2021: 6 (recorded for Paraná state);— Ribeiro et al. 2022: 275–279 (recorded in Bahia state; considered an abundant species);— Santos &amp; Rodrigues 2022: 672 (Recorded in Bahia state; considered an indicator species).</p> <p>Heteragrion amazonicum: Selys 1886: 60 (states that due to the similarities with H. aurantiacum, he refrains from describing H. amazonicum as a new species);— Williamson 1919: 29 (statements about Selys’s comment).</p> <p>Material examined. 9♁♁ BRAZIL, Sergipe state, Serra de Itabaiana National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.3421&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7544" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.3421/lat -10.7544)">Ponto</a> 3, 4.xii.2020, (- 10.7544, -37.3421), A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. Santos leg., UFS; 42♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.0993&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.923" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.0993/lat -10.923)">Riacho Água Fria</a>, 1.xii.2020, (-10.9230, -37.0993), leg., UFS; 35♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.4125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.39" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.4125/lat -11.39)">Ponto</a> 1, 7.xii.2020, (-11.3900, -37.4125), A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. Santos leg., UFS; 9♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.3408&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.3408/lat -10.7475)">Ponto</a> 5, 13.xii.2020, (-10.7475, -37.3408), A.B. Farias &amp; J.C. Santos leg., UFS; 23♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 2 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.3425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7466" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.3425/lat -10.7466)">Well</a>), 7.xii.2020, (-10.7466, -37.3425), A.B. Farias &amp; J.C. Santos leg., UFS; 21♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 3 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.3419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7541" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.3419/lat -10.7541)">Above</a> the well), 7.xii.2020, (-10.7541, -37.3419), A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. Santos leg., UFS; 28♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.3416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7469" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.3416/lat -10.7469)">Serra de Itabaiana National Park</a>, Riacho Poço das Moças, 7.xii.2020, (-10.7469, -37.3416), A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. Santos leg., UFS; 16♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Ponto 2 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.3425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7466" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.3425/lat -10.7466)">Riacho Coqueiro</a>), 7.xii.2020, (-10.7466, -37.3425), A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. Santos leg., UFS; 5♁♁ same locality, but 1.ii.2021, A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. Santos leg., UFS; 16♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.3394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.3394/lat -10.7668)">Ponto</a> 4, 7.xii.2020, (-10.7668, -37.3394), A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. Santos leg., UFS; 4♁♁ Serra de Itabaiana National Park (No specific locality), 7.xii.2020, A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. Santos leg., UFS; 3♁♁ Mata do Junco, Ponto 3 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.0512&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.5425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.0512/lat -10.5425)">Mata Burra</a>), 14.xii.2020, (-10.5425, -37.0512), A.B. Farias &amp; B. Santos leg., UFS; 5♁♁ Mata do Junco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.0588&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.5377" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.0588/lat -10.5377)">Ponto</a> 4, 14.xii.2020, (-10.5377, -37.0588), A.B. Farias &amp; J.C. Santos leg., UFS; 1♁ Paraná state, Cascavel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.3646&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.9675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.3646/lat -25.9675)">Juvinópolis</a>, 1.iii.2015, (- 25.9675, -53.3646), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2♁♁ Bahia state, Ilhéus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.1392&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.3444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.1392/lat -14.3444)">Fazenda São Francisco</a>, 14.x.2019, (- 14.3444, -39.1392), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 3♁♁ Uruçuca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.0398&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.4402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.0398/lat -14.4402)">Serra Grande</a>, 21.ix.2019, (-14.4402, -39.0398), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2♁♁ Porto Seguro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.1394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.295" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.1394/lat -16.295)">Veracel</a>, 4.ix.2018, (-16.2950, -39.1394).</p> <p>Synonyms. H. amazonicum (Williamson 1919; Garrison &amp; von Ellenrieder 2019).</p> <p>Known distribution. Argentina, Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, São Paulo, Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro), Paraguay and Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison (2007) illustrated and confirmed the identity of this species, by examining the syntype housed at RBINS (Fig. 12f courtesy of Jérôme Constant). See further discussion under H. cinnamomeum about the synonymy problem with H. ochraceum. This species can be separated from the remainder of Group A species by the following character combination: BP not the longest section, ventral concavity only slightly dilated; in MP, the medial lobe (ML) consisting of a single plate with a medial carina, reaching ML apex; ML bearing several teeth on its base (Fig. 12f); ML apex varying in width from narrow to wide but ending in a bilobate apex (Figs. 12f–j).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFFE911B6AD7F92AAAACA745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF0911A6AD7F977A985A6E2.text	73444D3AFFF0911A6AD7F977A985A6E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion azulum : Dunkle 1989	<div><p>Heteragrion azulum Dunkle, 1989</p> <p>(Figs. 13a–f)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 7 (3’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion azulum: Dunkle 1989: 195–197 (Illustrated description of the ♁ holotype from Mexico);— Dunkle 1993: 353–356 (description of the ♀, no figs. Provided);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Machado &amp; Souza 2014: 97 (comparisons with H. cyane);— Vilela et al. 2019b: 592 (listed among the “blue Heteragrion ”);— Novelo-Gutiérrez &amp; Gómez-Anaya 2023: 195–200 (additions to the original description of ♀ and ♁).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) MEXICO, Veracruz state, stream 2km E Coyame and 12.4 km ENE Catemaco, 18.viii.1976, J.A. Garrison leg., FSCA (examined through holotype photographs, the same of Fig. 13).</p> <p>Known distribution. Southeastern Mexico.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Rare species, H. azulum was until recently known only from the type series and further female material (Dunkle 1989, 1993; Novelo-Gutiérrez &amp; Gómez-Anaya 2023). Novelo-Gutiérrez &amp; Gómez-Anaya (2023) recently made additional collections of this species and provided remarks on the female description as well as great images of both sexes. This species can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: overall body coloration consisting of shades of blue and gray, with black background, S8– 10 yellow; ridge above ML long, straight, bearing strong teeth; ML broad, with blunt apex; AP with a medial depression. This species was assessed in the IUCN Red List as the Vulnerable (VU) category, for occurring in an area smaller than 6000 km ², always in small numbers and in only two localities (González-Soriano et al. 2021). In that assessment, the authors also state that H. azulum is threatened by “great pressure due to the conversion of the original vegetation for cattle or agriculture purposes”.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFF0911A6AD7F977A985A6E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF291186AD7FF43AEFDA54D.text	73444D3AFFF291186AD7FF43AEFDA54D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion bariai De Marmels 1989	<div><p>Heteragrion bariai De Marmels, 1989</p> <p>(Figs. 14a–g)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 27 (25’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion bariai De Marmels 1989: 15–16 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Venezuela; figs. 8–18);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— Butt 1995: 95 (list of species);— De Marmels 2004: 440 (brief larval description; figs. 25, 30, 38, 42);— Daigle 2005: 167 (comparison with H. bickorum);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 91 (list of Heteragrion species; fig. 393);— Bota-Sierra 2014: 97–100 (first record for Colombia);— Vilela et al. 2019a: 188, 191 (description of ♀ intersternite; key to Group B ♀ occurring in Brazil, in couplet 2; figs. 2, 5, 11);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 96–97 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 8, ♀ in couplet 11; remarks, comparison with other Heteragrion species occurring in Colombia; figs. 4e–f, 7g –i, 12g –i, 17);— Koroiva et al. 2020a: 21 (listed among species deposited at INPA);— Koroiva et al. 2020b: (recorded in Amazonas state, Brazil);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2020: 381 (recorded in Serranía de Chiribiquete National Natural Park, Colombia);—Miranda-Filho et al. 2022: 9 (ocurring in Acre state, Brazil).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Rondônia state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.1166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.8333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.1166/lat -10.8333)">Fazenda Rancho Grande</a>, 2–11.xi.1989, (-10.8333, - 63.1166), R.W. Garrison leg., ABMM; 7♁♁ Porto Velho, Jirau, 12.x.2013, A.L. Andrade &amp; A.P. Faria leg., LABECO; 1♁ Nova Mutum, 5.v.2013, F.G. Carvalho leg., LABECO; 1♁ Amazonas state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.7752&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0405" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.7752/lat -3.0405)">Manacapuru</a>, AM-353, km 66, 25.iii.2008, (-3.0405, -60.7752), INPA; 1♁ Presidente Figueiredo, 18.vii.2007, (km 20), N. Hamada leg., INPA; 1♁ Presidente Figueiredo, Uatumã, Balbina, 30.ix.2009, Ulisses Neiss leg., INPA; 1♁ Presidente Figueiredo, Ramal do km 24, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.0366&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0548" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.0366/lat -2.0548)">Sitio do Sr Jose Souza</a>, 20.iv.2008, (-2.0548, -60.0366), INPA; 1♁ Presidente Figueiredo, Ramal do km 24, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.0398&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.0398/lat -2.0638)">Sitio do Sr Jose Souza</a>, 20.iv.2008, (-2.0638, -60.0398), INPA; 2♁♁ São Gabriel da Cachoeira, BR-307, Km 01, 25.xi.2007, C. Azevedo, R. Keppler leg., INPA; 1♁ São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Sede da Agrotécnica Federal, 15-27.xi.2007, C. Azevedo, R. Keppler leg., INPA; 1♁ Roraima? state, São João da Baliza, 29.xi.2006, INPA; 1♁ Pará state, Flona de Carajás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.4984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9881" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.4984/lat -5.9881)">Igarapé Afluente do Rio Águas Claras</a>, 24.viii.2022, (-5.9881, -50.4984, 240m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 1♁ Acre state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.6327&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.4589" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.6327/lat -7.4589)">Igarapé do Véi</a>, 18.vii.2022, (-7.4589, -73.6327, 220m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 4♁♁ same data, but 25.vii.2022; 4♁♁ same data, but 19.vii.2022; 1 ♁ ECUADOR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.5496&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0531" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.5496/lat -1.0531)">Puerto Ahuano</a>, 16.xi.2010, (-1.0531, -77.5496), A.C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 3♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.6106&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0781" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.6106/lat -1.0781)">Jatún Sacha</a>, 31.x.2014, (-1.0781, -77.6106), I. Sanmartín-Villar leg., ECOEVO; 17♁♁ COLOMBIA, Caquetá Department, Araracuara Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.2497&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6308" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.2497/lat -0.6308)">Guacamayo Guard</a>, xii.2015, (-0.6308, -72.2497), L. Pérez leg., UARC; 3♁♁ Meta Department, San Martín Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.3572&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.5417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.3572/lat 3.5417)">Rey Zamuro Reserve</a>, vi.2014, (3.5417, -73.3572, 265m asl), C. Moreno leg., CEUA. 1♁ Amazonas Department, Leticia Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.9547&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1942" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.9547/lat -4.1942)">Yahuarcaca Lake</a>, (-4.1942, -69.9547), ANDES–E; 2♁♁ Puerto Nariño Municipality, Natura Park, El Vergel Community, (-3.8594, -70.2046, 91m asl), Y. Cano leg., ANDES-E; 1♁ Meta Department, San Martín Municipality, ANDES-E; 2♁♁ Vaupés Department, Mitú Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.2337&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2145" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.2337/lat 1.2145)">Rivera Caño Sangre</a>, (1.2145, -70.2337, 188m asl), M. Sánchez leg., ANDES-E.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Acre, Amazonas Pará and Rondônia states), Colombia (Orinoco basin and Amazon), Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Stand-Pérez et al. (2019) pointed out the close morphological similarity between H. bariai and three other species: H. mitratum, H. flavidorsum, and H. bickorum. However, it can be differentiated from these and other Group B species by the following set of characters: BP the longest cercus portion (Fig. 14d), bearing a developed convexity (Fig. 14e); ridge above ML straight, long, partially covering ML in dorsal and dorsolateral views (Figs. 14f–g); MP-AP junction marked, being rounded or angled (Figs. 14d –g); ML apex acute (Fig. 14d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFF291186AD7FF43AEFDA54D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF391186AD7FB7FA8E1A6C3.text	73444D3AFFF391186AD7FB7FA8E1A6C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion beschkii Hagen 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion beschkii Hagen in Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 15a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 16 (15)]</p> <p>Heteragrion beschkii: Hagen in Selys 1862: 27–28 [25–26 reprint] (description and diagnosis of ♁ from Nova Friburgo, Brazil; comparison with H. aurantiacum and H. consors);— Selys 1886: 59 (species diagnosis);— Williamson 1919: 26 (key to species, ♁ in couplet d2; brief species diagnosis and illustration of ♁ head, appendages in mediodorsal and lateral views and prothorax; figs. 20, 82–83, 139);— Costa &amp; Santos 2000: 4 (identification key);— Lencioni 2005: 128 (description and distribution, illustration of misidentified specimen);—Machado 2006: 1065 (comparison with H. gracile);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Lencioni 2013: 7 (synonymic list, type deposit, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 12, 32a–c, 32d, 73);—Ávila-Jr. et al. 2017: 284–285 (comparison with H. cauei);— Lencioni 2017: 131–132 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 58–59).</p> <p>Material examined. Known only from type material; examined through original description and lectotype images (type housed at MCZ).</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This poorly known species can be separated from the remainder of Group A species by the following character combination: BP slightly hollow, densely hairy (Fig. 15c); ML ridge bearing strong teeth, reaching its apex (Fig. 15c); in lateral view, BP with a dorsobasal expansion (Fig. 15d); ML apex squared (Fig. 15c). The current conservation status of this species is uncertain, as it has only been recorded from a small number of specimens, with the most recent collection dating back over 30 years (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021a). Therefore, further collections are needed to assess its present conservation status. The IUCN Red List has assigned it a Data Deficient (DD) status (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021a).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFF391186AD7FB7FA8E1A6C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF4911E6AD7FB44AE4FA6F3.text	73444D3AFFF4911E6AD7FB44AE4FA6F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion bickorum Daigle 2005	<div><p>Heteragrion bickorum Daigle, 2005</p> <p>(Figs. 16a–g)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 17’]</p> <p>Heteragrion bickorum: Daigle 2005: 165–168 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Ecuador; comparison with H. bariai and H. inca; figs. 1–5);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2011: 40 (list of species for Tiputini, Ecuador); Bota-Sierra et al. 2018: 120 (new record for Colombia);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93, 97–98 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 7, ♀ in couplet 7; remarks and comparison with H. inca and H. demarmelsi; figs. 4g –h, 8a–c, 13a–c, 17);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2020: 381 (list of species recorded in Serranía de Chiribiquete National Natural Park, Colombia);—Miranda-Filho et al. 2022: 9 (list of species occurring in Acre state, Brazil).</p> <p>Material examined. 3♁♁ ECUADOR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1451&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6321" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1451/lat -0.6321)">Tiputini Biodiversity Station</a>, 7.xii.2012, (-0.6321, -76.1451, 240m asl), A.C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 6♁♁ Napo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.6086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0769" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.6086/lat -1.0769)">Jatún Sacha</a>, 11.xi.2014, (-1.0769, -77.6086, 437m asl), I. Sanmartín-Villar leg., ECOEVO; 1♁ BRAZIL, Acre state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.6327&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.4589" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.6327/lat -7.4589)">Igarapé do Véu</a>, 18.vii.2022, (-7.4589, -73.6327, 220m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 2♁♁ same data, but 19.vii.2022; 4♁♁ same data, but 25.vii.2022; 5♁♁ COLOMBIA, Putumayo Department, Mocoa Municipality, Quebrada Sangoyaco, (650m asl), L. Pérez, J, Montes &amp; J. Villamil leg., UARC; 1♁ Putumayo Department, Orito Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.657" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0722/lat 0.657)">Isla Escondida Natural Reserve</a>, 17.i.2017, (0.657, -77.0722, 850m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso &amp; O. Janni leg., CEUA; 5♁♁ road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0767/lat 0.6613)">Nuevo Mundo island</a>, 18 January 2017, (0.6613, -77.0767, 890m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso &amp; O. Janni leg., CEUA; 1♁ Caquetá Department, Florencia Municipality, ANDES–E.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Acre state), Colombia (Eastern Andean foothills), and Ecuador.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Some degree of morphological variation was observed in the material from Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil. Whereas specimens from Ecuador and Colombia presented a certain degree of BP convexity, the Brazilian specimens have this structure nearly straight or poorly convex. The remaining structures of the cercus (i.e., the crest, ML with acute tip) and overall coloration match the description of H. bickorum; therefore, they were considered conspecific. This species, which shares morphological similarities with H. bariai, H. demarmelsi, and H. inca, can be distinguished from these and other Group B species based on the following combination of characters: BP nearly straight or only slightly convex; AP longer than MP (Fig. 16g); MP bearing an elevated crest on its medial margin (Figs. 16d–e); ML small, with acute apex (Fig. 16e); AP with a longitudinal depression (Fig. 16d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFF4911E6AD7FB44AE4FA6F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF6911C6AD7FF43AAE2A055.text	73444D3AFFF6911C6AD7FF43AAE2A055.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion breweri : De Marmels 1989	<div><p>Heteragrion breweri De Marmels, 1989</p> <p>(Figs. 17a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 6 (5’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion breweri: De Marmels 1989: 17 (description of ♁ from Venezuela; comparison with H. icterops, H. romani, and H. simulatum; figs. 22–29);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— De Marmels 2004: 441 (description of ♀ and F0 larvae);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Pérez-Gutiérrez &amp; Palacino-Rodríguez 2011: 209 (first record to Colombia);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 93, 98–99 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 10, ♀ in couplet 9; remarks and comparison of ♀ with H. bariai; figs. 4i–j, 8d–f, 13d–f, 18);— Florez et al. 2023: 11 (recorded in San José del Guaviare, Colombia).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ VENEZUELA, Bolívar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.8166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.8166/lat 6.5666)">Los Pijiguaos</a>, 4.xi.2004, (6.5666, -66.8166, 150 m asl), J. De Marmels leg., ABMM; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.0166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.4166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.0166/lat 6.4166)">Río Villacos</a>, 6.xi.2004, (6.4166, -67.0166, 165m asl), J. DeMarmels leg., ABMM; 1♁ COLOMBIA, Meta Department, San Martin Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.3572&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.5416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.3572/lat 3.5416)">Rey Zamuro Reserve</a>, 11.vi.2014, (3.5416, -73.3572, 265m asl), C. Moreno, leg., CEUA; 1♁ Caquetá Department, Florencia Municipality, ANDES-E; 2♁♁ Meta Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.9552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0926" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.9552/lat 4.0926)">Puerto López Municipality</a>, (4.0926, -72.9552), ANDES-E; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.2556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.2556/lat 1.2917)">Caño Cuduyari</a>, (1.2917, -70.2556, 176m asl), M. Sánchez leg., ANDES-E; 2♁♁ Guainía Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.9239&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.8684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.9239/lat 3.8684)">Inírida Municipality</a>, (3.8684, -67.9239), ANDES-E.</p> <p>Known distribution. Orinoco basin and Northern Amazon of Colombia and Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion breweri shares a high degree of morphological similarity with H. icterops and H. simulatum, with most of their characters except coloration being identical according to De Marmels (1989). In his description, De Marmels (1987) mentions head coloration as a way of separating these taxa. In fact, H. breweri presents larger yellow areas above the antennae contrasting with the blacker areas. Nevertheless, this species can be distinguished from the remainder of Group B species based on the following combination of characters: paraprocts medium sized, reaching 2/3 of cercus length (Fig. 17d); ridge above cercus ML long, sinuous, consisting of small teeth and a marked carina (Fig. 17c); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 17d); AP the shortest, tip curved downwards (Fig. 17c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFF6911C6AD7FF43AAE2A055	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFF7911C6AD7FE47AAC2A6EE.text	73444D3AFFF7911C6AD7FE47AAC2A6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion brianmayi : Lencioni 2013	<div><p>Heteragrion brianmayi Lencioni, 2013</p> <p>(Figs. 18a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 25’]</p> <p>Heteragrion brianmayi: Lencioni 2013: 15–16 (description of ♁ and ♀ from São Paulo state, Brazil; diagnosis, distribution and comparison with other species; figs. 27, 38d–f, 43a–c, 49a–b, 58b–c, 66–67, 76); Ávila-Jr. et al. 2017: 284 (comparison with H. cauei);— Lencioni 2017: 133–134 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 60–61).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Caraguatatuba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.4186&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.5933" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.4186/lat -23.5933)">Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar</a> —Núcleo Caraguatatuba, 5.ii.2000, (-23.5933, -45.4186, 61 m asl), F.A.A. Lencioni leg., FAAL; 1♁ (PARATYPE) Ubatuba, 12.i.2011, F.A.A. Lencioni leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (coastal areas of São Paulo state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The IUCN Red List has classified H. brianmayi as Data Deficient due to a paucity of information on its distribution and potential threats (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021b). The species is close to H. itacolomii and can be distinguished from this and the remainder of Group A species by the following combination of characteristics: BP ventral concavity not greatly expanded (Figs. 18c–d); ML upper plate narrow, longer than wide, ridge centered (Fig. 18d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFF7911C6AD7FE47AAC2A6EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC891236AD7FF43A8FBA3B0.text	73444D3AFFC891236AD7FF43A8FBA3B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion calafatiensis Mendoza-Penagos, Juen & Vilela 2022	<div><p>Heteragrion calafatiensis Mendoza-Penagos, Juen &amp; Vilela, 2022</p> <p>(Figs. 19a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 21 (20)]</p> <p>Heteragrion calafatiensis: Mendoza-Penagos et al. 2022: 223–229 (description of ♁ from Pará state, Brazil; diagnosis and comparison with H. chlorotaeniatum; figs. 1, 2a–d).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.8632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.668/lat -0.8632)">Pará</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.8632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.668/lat -0.8632)">Magalhães Barata</a>, way to Calafate village, near to the Marapanim River, 26.ix.2021, (-0.8632, -47.6680, 20m asl), C.C. Mendoza-Penagos leg., UFPA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Northeastern Pará state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This newly described species, known only from the male holotype (Mendoza-Penagos et al. 2022), can be separated from the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP with a nearly straight margin (Fig. 19c); MP the shortest portion of cercus in length (Fig. 19c); Ridge above ML upcurved, not very long (Fig. 19c); MP–AP junction forming a nearly straight line with AP (Fig. 19c); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 19d); ML apex rounded (Fig. 19c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC891236AD7FF43A8FBA3B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC891216AD7F961A97AA009.text	73444D3AFFC891216AD7F961A97AA009.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion calendulum : Williamson 1919	<div><p>Heteragrion calendulum Williamson, 1919</p> <p>(Figs. 20a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 15 (14)]</p> <p>Heteragrion calendulum: Williamson 1919: 36–39 (key to species, couplet f1; description of ♁ from Colombia; diagnosis and comparison with H. mitratum; figs. 46, 94, 159);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 556 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 5, ♀ in couplet 3; taxonomic history, remarks and additions to ♀ description; figs. 2, 3i–k, 4b–c, h–i, 5b, 6a–b, i–j, 8f, 9d);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 14’, ♀ on couplet 10; list of Heteragrion species from Colombia, altitude range, type depository, IUCN status; figs. 5a–b, 8g –i, 13g –i, 18).</p> <p>Heteragrion atrolineatum: Donnelly 1992: 60–62 (key to species, both sexes on couplet 5’; description of ♁ and ♀ from Panama and Costa Rica, comparison with H. alienum, H. chrysops, and H. tricellulare; figs. 5.4, 5.7, 5.11, 5.16);— Ramírez et al. 2000: 247–254 (listed among species found in Costa Rica);— Ramírez &amp; Gutiérrez-Fonseca 2013: 99–100 (description of the F0 larvae; key to Heteragrion larvae known from Costa Rica, couplet 4’; figs. 2b, 3b);— Garrison &amp; von Ellenrieder 2013: 14, 23 (record from Costa Rica; fig. 19);— Molinar et al. 2015: 87 (list of species from Panama).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) COLOMBIA, Department of Antioquia, Municipality of Puerto Berrio, La Cristalina Township, 17.ii.1917, J.H. &amp; E.B. Williamson leg., UMMZ; 1♁ Department Risaralda, Municipality of Pueblo Rico, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1735&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1735/lat 5.3203)">Santa Cecilia Township</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1735&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1735/lat 5.3203)">Alto Amurrupá Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1735&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1735/lat 5.3203)">Ranas de Cristal</a> stream, 15.ii.2017, (5.3203, -76.1735, 620m asl), J. Sandoval &amp; C. Bota leg., CEUA; 6♁♁ PANAMA, Darién, Perresénico River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.7325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.0198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.7325/lat 8.0198)">Estación Rancho Frío</a>, 17.xi.2014, (8.0198, -77.7325, 80m asl), D. Delgado, A. Ramírez &amp; R. Novelo leg., IEXA.</p> <p>Synonyms. Heteragrion atrolineatum Donnelly, 1992 (Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017).</p> <p>Known distribution. Northwestern Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Due to its limited distribution and the significant loss of its natural habitats, H. calendulum is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List (Bota-Sierra et al. 2016). H. calendulum is placed in close proximity to H. alienum and H. valgum, although it can be distinguished from these and the remainder of Group B species based on the following combination of characters: BP the longest cercus portion (Figs. 20d–e); ridge above ML not partially covering it in dorsal and dorsolateral views, bearing strong teeth (Figs. 20d–e); AP small, subequal to MP (Fig. 20e).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC891216AD7F961A97AA009	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCA91206AD7FEBBA8CDA1C1.text	73444D3AFFCA91206AD7FEBBA8CDA1C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion cauei Avila Junior, Lencioni & Carneiro 2017	<div><p>Heteragrion cauei Ávila-Jr., Lencioni &amp; Carneiro, 2017</p> <p>(Figs. 21a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 22 (21)]</p> <p>Heteragrion cauei: Ávila-Jr. et al. 2017: 275–286 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Minas Gerais state, Brazil; diagnosis and comparison with other congeners; figs. 2–7);— Ávila Jr. et al. 2021: 3, 5–6 (list of species, IUCN status; figs. 3a, 5);— Guedes et al. 2022: 5 (list of species).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (PARATYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Ouro Preto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.4986&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.3447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.4986/lat -20.3447)">Cachoeira</a> Catarina Mendes, 18.iii.2016, (-20.3447, -43.4986, 1082m asl), W.F. Ávila-Jr. leg., ABMM; 1♁ same date, but 2.iii.1987, A.B.M. Machado leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion cauei is close morphologically to H. consors, sharing the large upper plate on ML. It can be separated from the latter by the shape of upper and lower plates. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate subequal in size with lower plate (Fig. 21e), rounded shape, wider than lower plate, bearing a posterior row of teeth, not centered with lower plate (Figs. 21c–e); lower plate narrow, bearing two carinae and squared apex (Fig. 21e). Heteragrion cauei has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as it currently is known from only a limited region with continuous habitat quality decline (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFCA91206AD7FEBBA8CDA1C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCB91206AD7FEF3AB9CA697.text	73444D3AFFCB91206AD7FEF3AB9CA697.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion chlorotaeniatum : De Marmels 1989	<div><p>Heteragrion chlorotaeniatum De Marmels, 1989</p> <p>(Figs. 22a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 24 (23)]</p> <p>Heteragrion chlorotaeniatum: De Marmels 1989: 18–19 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀ from Venezuela; comparison with H. bariai; figs. 37–47);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— De Marmels 2004: 442 (description of F0 exuvia; figs. 27, 32, 40);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Vivas-Santeliz &amp; De Marmels 2017: 49 (listed among species endemic to Venezuela).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (PARATYPE) VENEZUELA, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Base Camp, 13- 15.iii.1984, J. Clavijo &amp; De Marmels leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Southern Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion chlorotaeniatum is morphologically close to H. flavidorsum, but the following character combination distinguishes it from this and all remainder of Group B species: BP greatly swollen or expanded; ridge above ML roughly bean-shaped, with two rows of teeth (Figs. 22c–e); ML apex acute (Figs. 22c–e).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFCB91206AD7FEF3AB9CA697	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCC91276AD7FF43A998A6ED.text	73444D3AFFCC91276AD7FF43A998A6ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion chrysops Hagen 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion chrysops Hagen in Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 23a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 18’]</p> <p>Heteragrion chrysops: Selys 1862: 26–27 (description of ♁ from Porto-Cabello, Venezuela; comparison with H. aurantiacum);— Selys 1886: 62 (diagnosis from other congeners);— Calvert 1901: 62–63 (fig. 7);— Calvert 1907: 357 (recorded countries: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and Venezuela);— Ris 1918: 88 (synonymic list);— Williamson 1919: 34 (key to species, ♁ in couplet d1; remarks on the type specimen, with broken head; wing characters; comparison with H. alienum; figs. 40, 90, 127–128, 154);— Paulson 1981: 303–304 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— D’Andrea &amp; Carfi 1988: 325–326 (study on spines present on wings; figs. 1c, 5a);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— Hartung 2002: 189 (listed among species present on the type locality of H. palmichale);— De Marmels 2008: 154 (recorded north of the Orinoco River, Venezuela);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Molinar et al. 2015: 87 (list of species from Panama).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ VENEZUELA, Chirgua, Carabobo, 4.ix.1955, J. Rácenis leg., ABMM; 1♁ with no data on the labels, INPA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Regarding cercus morphology, H. chrysops is close to H. alienum, H. valgum, H. calendulum, and H. eboratum, with which it shares the MP ridge bearing only small teeth and not partially covering ML. This species can be separated from these and the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP compact (Fig. 23e), subequal in length with AP (Fig. 23c); ridge above ML bearing very small denticles (Figs. 23c–d); ML apex blunt (Figs. 23c–d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFCC91276AD7FF43A998A6ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCD91256AD7FF43AFFBA5D1.text	73444D3AFFCD91256AD7FF43AFFBA5D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion cinnamomeum : Selys 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion cinnamomeum Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 24a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 7’]</p> <p>Heteragrion cinnamomeum: Selys 1862: 26 [24 reprint] (description of ♁ from Bahia state, Brazil as possible race of H. aurantiacum);— Selys 1886: 60 (as synonym of H. aurantiacum);— Williamson 1919: 25–26 (questions authorship of taxon and synonymy with H. aurantiacum; suggests synonymy with H. ochraceum; illustration of ♁ appendages in dorsal and lateral views; figs. 123–124);— Santos 1970: 149 (compares with H. consors, stating they are similar in color but easily distinguished by appendages);— Lencioni 2005: 139 (as synonym of H. ochraceum, illustrations from Williamson 1919);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 90 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 379–380);— Lencioni 2013: 7 (synonymic list, information on types, distribution, diagnosis, remarks; figs. 13, 32 e –g);— Lencioni 2017: 135–136 (general taxonomic information; distribution; fig. 62);— Ribeiro et al. 2021: 161–186 (species list from Bahia state).</p> <p>Heteragrion macilentum: Hagen in Selys 1862: 26–27 [24–25 reprint] (in part) (description of ♁ and ♀ from Brazil);— Selys 1886: 60–61 (misspelled as “ H. macitentum ”, diagnosis from H. aurantiacum);— Williamson 1919: 23 (discussion);—St. Quentin 1970: 259 (lectotype designation);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— De Marmels 2004: 442–443 (discussion of lectotype; illustration of ♁ head, prothorax and appendages; figs. 14–17);— Lencioni 2005: 135 (mention from Brazil; illustrations from De Marmels 2004);— von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2007: 6 (lectotype name synonymized with H. cinnamomeum; illustration of ♁ appendages in mediodorsal, dorsal, and lateral views; figs. 2j–o).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Bahia state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.0833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.3666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.0833/lat -13.3666)">Valença</a>, 9.xii.1986, (-13.3666, -39.0833, 59m asl), Biriba leg., ABMM; 1♁ (SYNTYPE) Probably Rio de Janeiro, examined through photos, RBINS.</p> <p>Synonyms. Heteragrion macilentum Hagen in Selys, 1862 (Williamson 1919; von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2007).</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Bahia and prob. Rio de Janeiro) and Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Rare species, known from only a few individuals, including the holotype (housed in RBINS), a male collected in Valença, Bahia state, Brazil (in ABMM) and a small series collected in Reserva Serra Bonita, also in Bahia state (Rosser Garrison pers. comm.). Since it was described in 1862, there has been much confusion with the identity of this species, along with H. aurantiacum and H. ochraceum (Williamson 1919). Selys (1862) described H. cinnamomeum as a possible “race” of H. aurantiacum, relying on coloration characters. However, with further information on the types of H. aurantiacum and H. cinnamomeum, we could finally realize that they are in fact two separate species (von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2007). On the other hand, the confusion of the species with H. ochraceum has not yet been resolved, since the male of material type is lost, and the female specimens of the latter species are damaged. The confusion between the two species is long-standing. For example, in label of one female of H. ochraceum was written by Hagen “ Argia cinnamomea ”, leading to the possibility that the specimens belong to H. cinnamomeum (Williamson 1919). Furthermore, in his revision, Williamson (1919) noted that there was evidence in Hagen’s collection that he considered the two names to be synonymous. In fact, despite not formalizing the synonymy, apparently both Hagen and Williamson considered that there was a high probability of H. ochraceum being a senior synonym of H. cinnamomeum. However, according to current knowledge, it is not possible to state that the two species are synonymous of H. ochraceum since the type series of H. ochraceum has lost or damaged specimens. Given this, and with the evidence provided by von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison (2007), in this study we consider H. cinnamomeum as a valid name. The scarcity of information and the old collection dates of the known specimens make it also difficult to assess the conservation status of this species; therefore, it is classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021d). Regarding its distinction, this species has a similar cercus to that of H. silvarum and H. cooki, characterized by a long BP, ending in MP and AP of approximately the same length, and featuring a well-developed ML. The following character combination distinguishes H. cinnamomeum s from the remainder of Group A species: BP slightly curved inwards (Fig. 24c); ML narrow, ridge bearing strong teeth (Fig. 24e); ML apex ‘W’ shaped, bilobate (Figs. 24c–e).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFCD91256AD7FF43AFFBA5D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFCE91246AD7FAC3ABA5A6DE.text	73444D3AFFCE91246AD7FAC3ABA5A6DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion consors Hagen 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion consors Hagen in Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 25a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 21’]</p> <p>Heteragrion consors: Selys 1862: 27 [25 reprint] (description of ♁ from Bahia state, based on at least two specimens, one in Hagen collection, the other in NHMV [“Mus. de Vienne”], comparing it with H. aurantiacum);— Selys 1886: 60 (diagnosis);— Williamson 1919: 29 (key to species, ♁ in couplet d2; discussion of species, designating MCZ specimen the lectotype [“This specimen is the type.”], illustration of ♁ head, appendages in mediodorsal and lateral view, prothorax; figs. 24, 80–81, 145);— Santos 1968: 13–14 (distribution in Rio de Janeiro state; comparison with the ♀ of H. aurantiacum);— Santos 1970: 149–151 (description of ♀; comparison with H. cinnamomeum similar in color but easily distinguished by appendages; illustration of ♀ head, prothorax and S8–10; figs. 1–3);—St. Quentin 1970: 259 (states that the specimen in NHMV is probably from the type series and must be considered a syntype);— De Marmels 1987: 233 (similarity with H. pemon);— Carvalho &amp; Pujol-Luz 1992: 159 (list of species from coastal areas of Rio de Janeiro state);— Costa &amp; Santos 1999: 1–7 (larval description, comparison with the larva of H. aurantiacum; larva inhabits both lotic and lentic environments; illustration of larval habitus, gill, labium, labial palp, and mandibles; figs. 1–6);— Costa &amp; Santos 2000: 4 (key to species of Heteragrion from Rio de Janeiro state, couplet 2’);— Lencioni 2005: 129 (data on description and distribution, illustration of male appendages in lateral view, female illustrations from Santos 1970; figs. 78a–d);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88–89 (list and comments on larval habitat);— Loiola &amp; De Marco 2011: 373–380 (behavioral ecology);— Lencioni 2013: 8 (synonymic list, information on types, distribution, diagnosis, remarks; figs. 14, 30df, 42df, 47cd, 51ab, 62, 73);— Kittel &amp; Engels 2014: 49–55 (list of species from Rio Grande do Sul; figs. 1, 2b);— Lencioni 2017: 137–138 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 63–64);— Dalzochio et al. 2018: 7 (list of species from Rio Grande do Sul);— Storari et al. 2019: 488 (recorded to Espirito Santo state);— Santos &amp; Rodrigues 2022: 672 (recorded to Bahia state; considered an indicator species).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Bahia state, Igrapiúna, Reserva Ecológica Michelin, 14.x.2013, A. Nemésio leg., ABMM; 2♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.1502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.3566" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.1502/lat -16.3566)">Una</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.1502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.3566" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.1502/lat -16.3566)">Fazenda Baculere</a>, 16.ix.2019, (-15.3095, -39.1838), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2♁♁ Urucuca, Serra Grande, 3.ix.2020, (-14.3919, -39.1025), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2♁♁ Una, Fazenda Ararauna, 13.ix.2019, (-15.3071, -39.1594), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2♁♁ Ilhéus, Fazenda São Francisco, 14.x.2019, (- 14.8993, -39.1043), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 2♁♁ Una, Fazenda Vera Cruz, 15.ix.2019, (-15.3065, -39.1571), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 1♁ Una, Fazenda Santa Dulce, 2.xi.2019, (-14.3931, -39.0936), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 5♁♁ Porto Seguro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.1502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.3566" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.1502/lat -16.3566)">Reserva Particular de Patrimônio Natural</a> (RPPN) Veracel, 4.ii.2019, (-16.3566, -39.1502), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 1♁ Minas Gerais state, Brumadinho, Fazenda Luis Ofeu, xii.2008, Paulo &amp; Mariana leg., ABMM (abdomen missing); 1♁ Santa Maria do Salto (trail in the forest), 3.ii.2011, A. Nemésio leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Rio Grande do Sul).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion consors is close morphologically to H. cauei, sharing the large upper plate on ML. It can be separated from the latter by the shape of upper and lower plates and secondarily by body coloration patterns. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate roughly triangular (Fig. 25c), subequal in size and shape with lower plate (Figs. 25c–e), bearing a posterior row of teeth and an anterior depression (Fig. 25e). Here we report its first record from Minas Gerais state.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFCE91246AD7FAC3ABA5A6DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC0912B6AD7FF43AFE5A7DC.text	73444D3AFFC0912B6AD7FF43AFE5A7DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion cooki : Daigle & Tennessen 2000	<div><p>Heteragrion cooki Daigle &amp; Tennessen, 2000</p> <p>(Figs. 26a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 8’]</p> <p>Heteragrion cooki: Daigle &amp; Tennessen 2000: 255–259 (description of ♁ and ♀; diagnosis and comparison with H. alienum and H. aurantiacum; figs. 1–10);— De Marmels 2004: 447 (comparison with H. makiritare and other Heteragrion species; figs. 18–19);— Tennessen &amp; Johnson 2008: 9–11 (list of species from southern Ecuador);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 91 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 387–388);— Rivas-Torres et al. 2017: 123–135 (demographics and behavioral ecology);— Medina-Espinoza 2022: 236–240 (first record to Peru).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ ECUADOR, El Oro Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.9166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.6333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.9166/lat -3.6333)">Piedras</a>, 4.vii.1941, (-3.6333, -79.9166, 300m asl), D.B. Laddey leg., ABMM; 4♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.1485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.0834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.1485/lat -0.0834)">Bosque Seco Lalo Loor</a>, 30.xi.2012, (-0.0834, -80.1485, 65m asl), A.C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 6♁♁ El Oro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.7652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.6529" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.7652/lat -3.6529)">Cantón Piñas</a>, 18.vi.2016, (-3.6529, -79.7652, 532m asl), I. Sanmartín-Villar &amp; A. Rivas-Torres leg., ECOEVO.</p> <p>Known distribution. Ecuador and Peru.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species shares with H. silvarum and H. cinnamomeum the cercus with a long BP, ending in subequal MP and AP, with a developed ML. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP the longest cercus portion, nearly straight (Figs. 26c–d); on the MP, ML broad, bearing an elevated ridge (Fig. 26c); ML apex with a small cleft (Fig. 26d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC0912B6AD7FF43AFE5A7DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC091296AD7F8CEA90DA7A9.text	73444D3AFFC091296AD7F8CEA90DA7A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion corderoi Vilela, Lencioni & Bispo 2023	<div><p>Heteragrion corderoi Vilela, Lencioni &amp; Bispo, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 27a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 14 (13)]</p> <p>Heteragrion mantiqueirae: Machado 2006: 1065–1068 (one specimen designated as a paratype of H. mantiqueirae, with no further details on its morphology).</p> <p>Holotype. ♁, BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Campos do Jordão, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.5894&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.7072" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.5894/lat -22.7072)">Condomínio Paradise</a>, 24.i.1999, (-22.7072, - 45.5894, 1796m asl), F.A.A. Lencioni leg., UFPA.</p> <p>Paratypes. 1♁, BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Campos do Jordão, (Coll. before 1975), K. Lenko leg., ABMM (head and right cercus missing, UFMG-IOD-2200149); 8♁♁ same data as holotype, but: 1 ♁, 25.i.1999; 2♁♁ 30.x.1999; 2♁♁ 21.xi.1999; 2♁♁ 14.i.2001; 1♁ 2.i.2005.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named in honor of Adolfo Cordero Rivera, a fellow odonatologist and cherished friend, whose invaluable contributions to the fields of ethology and evolution have greatly enhanced our understanding of behavioral patterns and sexual roles in damselflies.</p> <p>Description of holotype</p> <p>Head. Black, with the following yellow areas:postocular lobes; on each side below postocular lobes; oval spots lateral to lateral ocelli; genae; lateral areas of postclypeus. Labrum dark brown. Antennae black. Mouthparts yellow.</p> <p>Thorax (Figs. 27a–c). Prothorax light yellow laterally, dark brown to black dorsally; hind lobe black. Pterothorax mostly orange/yellow, with a thick black middorsal carina; mesepisternum orange with a black diffuse basal spot; mesopleural suture pale; mesepimeron and mesinfraepisternum dark brown; remainder of pterothorax yellow. Coxae and trochanter pale; legs light brown.</p> <p>Wings (Fig. 27a). Hyaline, almost reaching S7; venation dark brown; Pt brown with darker contours; Pt overlying 2 cells in Fw, 2 cells in Hw, oblique proximally; 2 Pq cells in all wings; 18 Px in FW, 16 Px in HW.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 27a). S1 mostly pale yellow, with a brown dorsal spot; S2 light brown laterally, with a black dorsal stripe; S3–6 mostly black with paler areas on its lateral 4/5; S7 dark brown; S8 dark brown basally, becoming orange towards its apex; S9–10 orange. S10 with darker dorsal areas.</p> <p>Anal appendages. Overall brown, with darker basal shades; all portions of cercus subequal in length; BP moderately dilated; MP with a developed ML, bearing a sinuous ridge with small teeth; ML longer than wide, its apex ‘W’ shaped, bilobate. Paraprocts greatly reduced.</p> <p>Measurements. Fw 30.6; Hw 29.9; Abdomen 39.7; Total 46.5.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Variations in paratypes. Slight differences were observed in relation to anal appendages morphology (Figs. 27e–f) and coloration, probably due to aging.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. While reviewing Machado’s types, we discovered an intriguing result during our examination of the single paratype of H. mantiqueirae, deposited along with the holotype at ABMM (see under H. mantiqueira ’s section for more notes on its holotype). The paratype of H. mantiqueirae, missing the head and right cercus, has greatly distinct cercal morphology, when compared to the holotype (examined by Frederico Lencioni) and other specimens collected by Frederico Lencioni also compared with the holotype. Upon further search for additional specimens, we found nine males in perfect preservation conditions at FAAL’s collection, which we used in the description. The new species can be diagnosed using the following character combination (features of H. mantiqueirae in squared brackets): ML longer than wide (Fig. 27d) [wider than long, not greatly developed medially (Fig. 49c)], ML apex ‘W’ shaped (Fig. 27d) [ML apex rounded (Fig. 49c)], bilobate (Fig. 27d) [not bilobate (Fig. 49c)]. Those features, along with the overall cercal proportions, had convinced us that the specimen assigned as a paratype of H. mantiqueirae was in fact an undescribed species. Coloration is also contrasting on H. corderoi and H. mantiqueirae, with the latter presenting a smaller orange mesepisternal stripenand less darker areas on overall body coloration. On the other hand, coloration has also been proven to be greatly variable in Heteragrion, so this feature is less trustworthy than cercal morphology.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC091296AD7F8CEA90DA7A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC291286AD7F8DBAF4BA78C.text	73444D3AFFC291286AD7F8DBAF4BA78C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion cyane : Machado & Souza 2014	<div><p>Heteragrion cyane Machado &amp; Souza, 2014</p> <p>(Figs. 28a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 10 (9)]</p> <p>Heteragrion obsoletum: Souza et al. 2013: 1369 (misidentification; mention of specimen in checklist as H. obsoletum).</p> <p>Heteragrion cyane: Machado &amp; Souza 2014: 95–99 (description and diagnosis of ♁; discussion on species with blue coloration; figs. 1–6);— Lencioni 2017: 139–140 (general taxonomic information; distribution; fig. 65);— Vilela et al. 2019b: 591–593 (comparison with H. denisye and original description of H. obsoletum; figs. 4f–h);— Cezário &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021: 78–86 (comparison with Heteragrion “blue species”).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Barroso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.9761&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1869" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.9761/lat -21.1869)">Mata do Baú</a>, 27.iii.2010, (- 21.1869, -43.9761, centroid), M.M. Souza leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion cyane is one of the “blue species” of Group A, along with H. denisye and H. gorbi. This species is poorly known, being described from a single male (Machado &amp; Souza 2014), with very few specimens found after its description (Walter Ávila pers. comm.). For this reason and for inhabiting an area threatened with deforestation, its conservation status has been assessed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List (Cano-Cobos &amp; Lozano 2021). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: overall body coloration consisting of shades of blue and green, with black background (Figs. 28a–b); ML ridge not reaching its apex (Fig. 28c); ML apex rounded (Figs. 28c–d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC291286AD7F8DBAF4BA78C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC3912F6AD7F93EA890A70C.text	73444D3AFFC3912F6AD7F93EA890A70C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion demarmelsi Stand-Perez, Bota-Sierra & Perez-Gutierrez 2019	<div><p>Heteragrion demarmelsi Stand-Pérez, Bota-Sierra &amp; Pérez-Gutiérrez, 2019</p> <p>(Figs. 29a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 28 (26)]</p> <p>Heteragrion demarmelsi: Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 90–112 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 9, ♀ in couplet 7’; description and diagnosis of specimens from Colombia; comparison with H. inca and H. chlorotaeniatum; figs. 5c–d, 9a–c, 14g –i, 16d–e, h–i, 18).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) COLOMBIA, Amazonas Department, Leticia Municipality, Monifue Amena Center, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.9305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.9305/lat -4.0953)">Tacana River</a>, 6.x.2005, (-4.0953, -69.9305, 71m asl), (Code MPUJ_ENT 0061372), MPUJ; 15♁♁ Amazona Department, Leticia Municipality, Monifue Amena Center, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.9305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0952" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.9305/lat -4.0952)">Tacana River</a>, 6.x.2005, (-4.0952, -69.9305, 71m asl), MPUJ; 1♁ (PARATYPE) Amazonas Departament, Leticia Municipality, Km 11 Multi-ethnic Refuge Ticuna-Uitoto, Road to Zafire, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.9305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0952" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.9305/lat -4.0952)">Tacana River</a>, (80m asl), A. Clavijo leg., CEUA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Colombian Amazon.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This newly described species was already assessed as Endangered by the IUCN Red List, as it “occurs in a small area threatened by urban and agricultural expansion” (Bota-Sierra &amp; Sandoval 2021). Regarding its identity, it is close to H. inca, being separated by the lateral view of cercus and some head coloration patterns. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: ridge above ML with a single row of teeth (Figs. 29c–d); male postclypeus yellow with brown transverse line (Fig. 29a); in dorsal view, cercus slightly elbowed along its midlength (Fig. 29e).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC3912F6AD7F93EA890A70C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC4912E6AD7F9BDABA7A4D0.text	73444D3AFFC4912E6AD7F9BDABA7A4D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion denisye Vilela, Koroiva & Guillermo-Ferreira 2019	<div><p>Heteragrion denisye Vilela, Koroiva &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira, 2019</p> <p>(Figs. 30a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 11 (10’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion denisye: Vilela et al. 2019b: 589–594 (description of ♁ from Minas Gerais state; diagnosis and comparison with the original description of H. obsoletum and H. cyane);— Cezário &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021: 78–86 (comparison with H. gorbi and other Heteragrion “blue species”).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, São Roque de Minas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.6085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.2323" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.6085/lat -20.2323)">Serra da Canastra National Park</a>, 25.x.2018, (-20.2323, -46.6085, 1305 m asl), D.S. Vilela, R. Koroiva, V. Nobrega &amp; M. Lera leg., LESTES.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Western Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Known only from the male holotype, H. denisye is one of the “blue species” of Group A, along with H. cyane and H. gorbi. This paucity of individuals caused it to be assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, pending further search of specimens at the type location to evaluate its actual conservation status (Lozano 2022). The taxonomic placement of H. denisye was extensively discussed in Vilela et al. (2019b) and the following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML ridge almost reaching its apex (Fig. 30c); ML formed by a broad plate (Fig. 30d); ML apex bilobate, both lobes rounded (Fig. 30c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC4912E6AD7F9BDABA7A4D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC5912D6AD7F9C2AAE8A1C1.text	73444D3AFFC5912D6AD7F9C2AAE8A1C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion dorsale : Selys 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion dorsale Selys, 1862</p> <p>Material examined. None.</p> <p>Heteragrion dorsale: Selys 1862: 23–24 [21–22 reprint] (description of ♁ from Nova Friburgo);— Selys 1886: 57 (species diagnosis);— Williamson 1919: 24 (discussion);— Costa &amp; Santos 2000: 4 (key to Heteragrion species from Rio de Janeiro, in couplet 3);—Machado 2006: 1065 (redescription of holotype);— Garrison et al, 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Lencioni 2013: 8–9 (synonymic list, distribution, remarks);— Lencioni 2017: 141– 132 (general taxonomic information; distribution; fig. 66).</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species is poorly known, with only the male holotype that is missing its cerci assigned to this name (Machado 2006). Recently, Tom Kompier collected the “real” H. dorsale in Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The specimens compared with the holotype (housed in RBINS) were destroyed by the 2018 fire at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro where they were deposited (RWG pers. comm.). Further collections of specimens at the type location and a further comparison with the incomplete holotype may help shed some light to this enigmatic taxon.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC5912D6AD7F9C2AAE8A1C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC6912C6AD7FEF3A9F9A009.text	73444D3AFFC6912C6AD7FEF3A9F9A009.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion eboratum : Donnelly 1965	<div><p>Heteragrion eboratum Donnelly, 1965</p> <p>(Figs. 31a–c)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 18 (14’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion eboratum: Donnelly 1965: 96–100 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀ from Guatemala; comparison with H. majus; figs. 1–6);— Paulson 1981: 304 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— Dunkle 1988: 44 (list of species from Honduras);— Donnelly 1989: 427 (among specimens collected in Honduras);— Garrison et al, 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ HONDURAS, Comayagua, 16 km SW of Siguatepeque, 22.v.1972, (ca. 1600m asl), E.W. Stiles leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Honduras and Guatemala.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Regarding cercus morphology, H. eboratum is close to H. chrysops, H. valgum, H. calendulum and H. alienum, with which it shares the MP ridge bearing only small teeth and not partially covering ML. This species can be separated from these and the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: BP subequal in length with AP, ML the shortest portion; ridge above ML short, bearing teeth on a single row (Figs. 31b–c); ML apex acute (Figs. 31b–c); AP with a longitudinal depression (Figs. 31b–c). Additionally, it is also worth mentioning that its ivory-white face contrasts with a mostly black thorax. According to the IUCN Red List, H. eboratum is considered Near Threatened as it occurs in isolated populations and its preferred habitats are under threat of deforestation (Paulson 2009).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC6912C6AD7FEF3A9F9A009	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFC791336AD7FEBBAAD8A201.text	73444D3AFFC791336AD7FEBBAAD8A201.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion erythrogastrum : Selys 1886	<div><p>Heteragrion erythrogastrum Selys, 1886</p> <p>(Figs. 32a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 9 (8)]</p> <p>Heteragrion erythrogastrum: Selys 1886: 61–62 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Panama);— Calvert 1901: 62, 65 (recorded in Costa Rica and Panama);— Calvert 1907: 357 (recorded in Costa Rica and Panama);— Ris 1918: 88 (synonymic list; figs. 41–42);— Williamson 1919: 30–32 (key to species, ♁ in couplet c1, ♀ in couplet d1; remarks and comparison with H. chrysops and H. mitratum; figs. 1, 30–31, 58, 64, 71, 84–85, 125–126, 146– 147);— Paulson 1981: 304 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— Ramírez 1992: 361–365 (description and discussion on larval habitats and comparison with other known larvae to Costa Rica);— Ramírez et al. 2000: 247–254 (listed among species found in Costa Rica);— Hartung 2002: 191 (comparison with H. palmichale);— Pérez-Gutiérrez et al. 2007: 183–199 (list of species from Chocó, Colombia);— Garrison et al, 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Garrison &amp; von Ellenrieder 2013: 14, 23 (list of species from Costa Rica; fig. 18);— Molinar et al. 2015: 87 (list of species from Panama);— Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 555–556, 562 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 1, ♀ in couplet 5’; remarks about ecological preferences; figs. 1, 4j, 8a);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93, 103–104 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 1, ♀ in couplet 12’; remarks on coloration and differences with other species; figs. 5e–f, 9d–f, 14a–c, 18).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ COLOMBIA, Chocó Department, N. Donnelly leg., no further information, ABMM; 21♁♁ Chocó Department, Unión Panamericana Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.5771&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.6108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.5771/lat 6.6108)">Corregimiento Salero</a>, 24.vii.2010, (6.6108, -74.5771, 100m asl), L. Pérez &amp; J. Montes leg., UARC; 2♁♁ Acandí Municipality, Vereda Rufino, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.3108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5787" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.3108/lat 8.5787)">Quebrada Capitancito</a>, 10.XII.2005, (8.5787, -77.3108, 30m asl), C. Botero leg., UARC; 1♁ Tutunendo Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.5331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7513" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.5331/lat 5.7513)">Quebrada El Diablo</a>, (5.7513, -76.5331, 71m ASL), L. Pérez leg., UARC; 1♁ Boyacá Department, Puerto Boyacá Municipality, Vereda Patio Bonito, 5.i.2011, J. Cardona leg., CEUA; 1♁ Valle del Cauca Department, Buenaventura Municipality, Uramba Bahía Málaga National Park, C. Bota leg., CEUA; 10♁♁ Chocó Department, Union Panamericana Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.5771&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.6108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.5771/lat 6.6108)">Corregimiento Salero</a>, 24.vii.2010, (6.6108, -74.5771, 100m asl), L. Pérez &amp; J. Montes leg., ANDES-E; 32♁♁ Acandí Municipality, Vereda Rufino, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.3109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5787" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.3109/lat 8.5787)">Quebrada Capitancito</a>, 10.xii.2005, (8.5787, -77.3109, 30m asl), ANDES-E; 35♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.3158&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5906" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.3158/lat 8.5906)">Quebrada Charanga</a>, (8.5906, 77.3158, 27m asl), ANDES-E; 4♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.3108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5874" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.3108/lat 8.5874)">Quebrada Bocatoma</a>, (8.5874, -77.3108, 50m asl), ANDES-E; 7♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.3232&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5691" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.3232/lat 8.5691)">Quebrada Tomas</a>, (8.5691, -77.3232, 34m asl), ANDES-E; 1♁ Quibdó Municipality, Quebrada Chaparraidó COO., ANDES-E; 4♁♁ Chocó Department, Acandí Municipality, MPUJ.</p> <p>Known distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Remarkable and common species, males of H. erythrogastrum (as the name implies) possess a vibrant red abdomen, an almost unique feature within Heteragrion (H. albifrons comes close) that distinguishes this species from the other species of both groups. Additionally, the following character combination separates it from the remainder of Group B species: ridge above ML consisting of two rows of small teeth, the lower very weak (Figs. 32c–d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFC791336AD7FEBBAAD8A201	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD891336AD7FCB3A9BCA6C3.text	73444D3AFFD891336AD7FCB3A9BCA6C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion flavidorsum : Calvert 1909	<div><p>Heteragrion flavidorsum Calvert, 1909</p> <p>(Figs. 33a–g)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 25 (23’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion flavidorsum: Calvert 1909: 111–112 (description of ♁ from Bolivia; comparison with H. inca and H. aequatoriale; plate III fig. 41);— Williamson 1919: 35 (key to species, ♁ in couplet d1; brief comment on the type specimen, not examined by him; figs. 41, 108, 155);— Hartung 2002: 191 (comparison with H. palmichale);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 91 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 389–390, 396 as H. speciosum);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93, 104–106 (first time recorded to Colombia; table 1; key to species, ♁ in couplet 3, ♀ in couplet 4’; remarks and ♀ description; figs. 5g –h, 9g –i, 14d–f, 16g, k, 19).</p> <p>Heteragrion speciosum: Sjöstedt 1918: 7–8 (description of ♁ from Peru; comparison with H. aequatoriale and H. angustipenne; plate 1 fig. 13, plate 2 fig. 14);— Williamson 1919: 64 (mentions inconsistencies on Sĵstedt’s description; mentions a possible synonymy with H. aequatoriale);— Paulson 1981: 303 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— De Marmels 1987: 231 (examines the ♁ holotype, proposes the synonymy with H. flavidorsum; additional observations; figs. 20–24, 49).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Rondonia state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.1166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.8333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.1166/lat -10.8333)">Rio Pardo</a>, 5-10.xi.1989, (-10.8333, -63.1166, 187m asl), R.W. Garrison leg., ABMM; 18♁♁ COLOMBIA, Putumayo Department, Mocoa Municipality, Serraníade los Churumbelos National Park, 20.i.2013, (1000m asl), L. Pérez &amp; J. Montes leg., UARC; 5♁♁ Putumayo Department, Orito Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6578" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0722/lat 0.6578)">Isla Escondida Natural Reserve</a>, 12.iii.2017, (0.6578, -77.0722, 850m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso &amp; O. Janni leg., CEUA; 3♁♁ road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0767/lat 0.6613)">Nuevo Mundo island</a>, 7-8.i.2017, (0.6613, -77.0767, 890m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso &amp; O. Janni leg., CEUA.</p> <p>Synonyms. Heteragrion speciosum Sj ̂stedt, 1918 (De Marmels 1987).</p> <p>Known distribution. Bolivia, Brazil (Rondônia state), Colombia (eastern Andean foothills and Amazon) and Peru.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The IUCN Red List assessment of H. flavidorsum classifies this species as Data Deficient, as “much confusion surrounds its taxonomy and distribution” (Hoffmann et al. 2016). We consider this assessment outdated, as since this assessment was published Stand-Pérez et al. (2019) discovered this species to Colombia, providing additional information on its taxonomy and distribution. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: ridge above ML nearly straight, with two parallel rows of teeth, one being very short (Fig. 33c); ML apex blunt (Fig. 33g) or acute (Figs. 33c–e); in dorsal view, MP-AP junction not marked, nearly straight (Fig. 33f).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFD891336AD7FCB3A9BCA6C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD991316AD7FA87A976A771.text	73444D3AFFD991316AD7FA87A976A771.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion flavovittatum : Selys 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion flavovittatum Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 34a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 27 (26)]</p> <p>Heteragrion flavovittatum: Selys 1862: 18–19 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Minas Gerais state, Brazil; final remark: “distinct from the others [Heteragrion species] by its robust structure, its shorter abdomen, the front of the thorax blackish with a wide yellow humeral stripe”);— Selys 1886: 56 (species diagnosis);— Williamson 1919: 15 (key to species, ♁ in couplet b1, ♀ in couplet a1; discussion of MCZ specimens illustration of head of ♁ and ♀; ♁ appendages in dorsal and lateral views, ♁ prothorax in dorsal view; figs. 12–13, 119–120, 133);— Machado 1988: 273 (comparison with H. petiense);— Lencioni 2005: 131 (description and distribution, illustration of ♁ syntype appendages in dorsal and lateral view, habitus and thorax in lateral view; figs. 80a–c);— Machado &amp; Bedê 2006: 50–52 (differences from H. muryense, H. petiense, H. ovatum and H. tiradentense);— von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2007: 6 (mention and illustration of ♁ appendages; fig. 2e);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 91 (list, illustration of wings and appendages in mediodorsal view; figs. 374, 394);— Lencioni 2013: 9 (information on types, synonymic list, distribution, remarks; figs. 15, 34a–c, 46a–c, 48e–f, 54a–b, 71);— Lencioni 2017: 143–144 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 67–68).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó (km. 128), 31.x.1966, N. Santos, J. Machado &amp; J. Martins leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Southern-Central Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This is the type species of the genus, designated by Selys (1862). It is not a common species, known by few individuals and assessed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, as its known localities are threatened by the loss of Atlantic Forest (von Ellenrieder 2020). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: extensive dark areas on head and pterothorax (Figs. 34a–b); upper plate small, slightly concave at its middle, bearing a posterior row of small teeth, not centered (Figs. 34c–e); ML apex rounded (Figs. 34c–e).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFD991316AD7FA87A976A771	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDA91306AD7F963A9FFA4F3.text	73444D3AFFDA91306AD7F963A9FFA4F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion freddiemercuryi : Lencioni 2013	<div><p>Heteragrion freddiemercuryi Lencioni, 2013</p> <p>(Figs. 35a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 28’]</p> <p>Heteragrion freddiemercuryi: Lencioni 2013: 15 (description of ♁ from São Paulo state, Brazil; diagnosis, distribution and comparison with other species; figs. 26, 38a–c, 58a, 76);— Lencioni 2017: 145–146 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 69–70);—Ávila-Jr. et al. 2020: 121–130 (comparison with H. itacolomii; table 1; figs. 5c–d);— Araújo &amp; Pinto 2021: 6 (recorded for Paraná state).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Itatins, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.0777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.38" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.0777/lat -24.38)">Estação Ecológica Juréia</a>, 9.iii.2000, (-24.3800, -47.0777, 10m asl), F.A.A. Lencioni leg., FAAL; 1♁ (PARATYPE) same data as holotype, but ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (São Paulo and Paraná states).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Last collected in the year 2000, this rare species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, pending additional collections to assess its actual status (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021e). Morphologically close to H. flavovittatum and H. itacolomii, the following character combination distinguishes H. freddiemercuryi from these and the remainder of Group A species: upper plate small, slightly concave at its middle, bearing a posterior row of strong teeth (Fig. 35c), ridge fused with ML up to 1/2 of lower plate (Fig. 35d); ML apex squared, slightly angled medially (Fig. 35c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFDA91306AD7F963A9FFA4F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F935A8E0A6E2.text	73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F935A8E0A6E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion gorbi : Cezario & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021	<div><p>Heteragrion gorbi: Cezário &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021: 78–86 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; figs. 1–5).</p> <p>Material examined. 2♁♁ (PARATYPES) BRAZIL, São Paulo, São Carlos, Cerrado UFSCar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.8739&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.9815" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.8739/lat -21.9815)">Espraiado</a>, 29.ix.2020, (-21.9815, -47.8739, 845 m asl), Cezário &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira, leg., LESTES.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Center-Eastern São Paulo state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion gorbi is one of the “blue species” of Group A, along with H. cyane and H. denisye, being very close morphologically to the latter (Cezário &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML ridge almost reaching its apex; ML apex bilobate, anterior lobe with acute tip (Fig. 36c–d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F935A8E0A6E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F9ECA9EBA7A6.text	73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F9ECA9EBA7A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion gorbi : Cezario & Guillermo-Ferreira 2021	<div><p>Heteragrion gorbi Cezário &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira, 2021</p> <p>(Figs. 36a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 11’]</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFDB91306AD7F9ECA9EBA7A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDD91366AD7FF43A872A3DC.text	73444D3AFFDD91366AD7FF43A872A3DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion gracile Machado 2006	<div><p>Heteragrion gracile Machado, 2006</p> <p>(Figs. 37a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 17 (15’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion gracile: Machado 2006: 1065 (description and diagnosis of ♁; figs. 3, 7, 11, 15–16);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Lencioni 2013: 9–10 (information on types, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 16, 31a–c, 52c, 74);— Lencioni 2017: 147–148 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 71–72);—Ávila-Jr. et al. 2021: 3 (list of species for Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Carmo do Rio Claro, 15.ix.1984, J. Augusto leg., ABMM (abdomen placed in a diferent envelope); 1 ♁ Espírito Santo State, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 21.xii.2001, K.S. Furieri leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and São Paulo).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML with two parallel ridges on its medial space (unique to the genus, Fig. 37d), plus an additional basal ridge (Fig. 37c); ML apex undulate (Figs. 37c–d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFDD91366AD7FF43A872A3DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDD91356AD7F902A8EDA3D9.text	73444D3AFFDD91356AD7F902A8EDA3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion ictericum : Williamson 1919	<div><p>Heteragrion ictericum Williamson, 1919</p> <p>(Figs. 38a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 5 (4’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion ictericum: Williamson 1919: 17–20 (key to species, ♁ in couplet c1, ♀ in couplet c2; description of ♁ and ♀, illustrations of wings, ♁ and ♀ head, genital valves in ventral view, head profile, appendages in mediodorsal and lateral view, ♁ and ♀ prothorax; figs. 8, 14–15, 54, 65, 74–75, 134–135);— De Marmels 1987: 229 (states that H. ictericum differs from H. silvarum in color pattern of thorax and in denticulation of ♀ valves; comparison with H. pemon);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— Garrison et al. 2003: 15 (data on holotype);— Lencioni 2005: 132 (data on description and distribution, illustration from Williamson 1919; figs. 81a– e);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— von Ellenrieder 2012: 59, 67, 73 (list of species from Suriname; Plate III a);— Lencioni 2013: 10 (information on types, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 17, 33a–c, 46d–f, 48g –h, 57, 72);— von Ellenrieder et al. 2017: 3 (list of species from Guyana);—Garcia-Jr. et al. 2021: 4 (list of species from Amapá state, Brazil);— Rochas et al. 2022: 200 (species recorded from French Guiana).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Amapá state, Serra do Navio, Represa, ii.1957, A.B.M. Machado leg., ABMM; 1♁ Laranjal do Jari, Resex Cajari, 28.xi.2017, T.B. Miguel leg., LABECO; 1♁ 21.viii.1943, “Wilh”? leg., ABMM; 1♁ Amazonas state, Manaus, 26.vi.1922, J. H. Williamson &amp; J.W. Strohm leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Amazonas and Amapá), Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname and Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species possesses a tubercle or apophysis on the ventral BP portion, a feature that is shared only with H. triangulare and H. pemon. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP the shortest portion of the cercus (Figs. 38c–d); MP the longest, ML a broad plate, bearing small teeth, roughly squared apex (Figs. 38c–d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFDD91356AD7F902A8EDA3D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFDE913A6AD7FCCBAE61A505.text	73444D3AFFDE913A6AD7FCCBAE61A505.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion icterops : Selys 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion icterops Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 39a–f, 40a–f, 41a–b)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 5 (3’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion icterops: Selys 1862: 27 (description of ♁ from Santarém, Pará state, Brazil; comparison with Oxystigma petiolatum);— Selys 1886: 65–66 (additions to the original description; ♀ description; specimens probably represent H. inca);— Calvert 1909: 110–111 (compares H. inca with H. icterops);— Williamson 1919: 10, 13, 51 (key to species, couplet d2; taxonomic history, inconsistencies and comparison with H. inca);— De Marmels 1987: 227– 229 (propose H. romani as junior synonym of H. icterops; states also similarities with H. simulatum; figs. 8–12, 46);— von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2007: 8 (taxonomic uncertainties; brief synonymic list; figs. 2g –i);— Garrison et al., 2010: 88, 90 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 375, 381–382);— Vilela et al. 2019a: 187–194 (description of ♀; comparison with H. angustipenne and H. bariai; key to Group B female Heteragrion found in Brazil, couplet 2’; figs. 3, 6, 7–10, 12);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 107 (mentions taxonomic uncertainty and comparisons with H. inca).</p> <p>Heteragrion romani: Sjöstedt 1918: 8–10 (description of ♁ from Manaus);— Williamson 1919: 64 (comparison with H. simulatum).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Manaus, Campus UFAM, Terra Firme, 21.iv.2008, H. Gasca leg., INPA; 1♁ Novo Airão, 20.viii.2008, INPA; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.7427&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6191" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.7427/lat -2.6191)">Rio Preto da Eva</a>, 25.ix.2008, (-2.6191, -59.7427), INPA; 2♁♁ Pará state, Tailândia, Agropalma, F 9 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.719&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.3568" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.719/lat -2.3568)">Novo</a>, 4.xi.2016, (-2.3568, -48.7190), D.S. Vilela leg., LESTES; 2♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.8301&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.8301/lat -2.6183)">Tailândia</a>, Agropalma, H 48H50, 25.x.2016, (-2.6183, -48.8301), D.S. Vilela leg., LESTES; 3♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.8174&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.5737" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.8174/lat -2.5737)">Tailândia</a>, Agropalma, P 24- 14, 21.x.2016, (-2.5737, -48.8174), D.S. Vilela, A. Rivas-Torres, A. Cordero-Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 1♁ Rondônia state, Porto Velho, Rio Caracol (Cachoeira Rio Bonito), 30.iii.2004, N. Hamada, R.L.M. Ferreira, J.O. Silva &amp; J. Pinto leg., FAAL (3845).</p> <p>Synonyms. Heteragrion romani Sj ̂stedt, 1918 (De Marmels 1987).</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species was described in 1862, based on a single male lacking the superior appendages, and with the paraptocts “ courts, finissant subitement en pointe noire ”, that is, “short, suddenly ending in a black tip” (Selys 1862). In a further treatment, Selys (1886) made additions to the original description of H. icterops, including the ♀ description, based on a series from three different countries: Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru. In this treatment, Selys (1886) describes the inferior appendages of the examined males, which were quite differently from the type specimen: “ les inférieurs très courts, cylindriques ”, that is, “the inferiors short, cylindrical”. The paraprocts of the species treated here as H. icterops are not cylindrical, but enlarged at their base, tapering to an acute point, nearly at 1/2 of cercus length (Figs. 39e, 40e). On the other hand, the paraprocts of H. inca are, in fact, short and cylindrical (Figs. 42j–m). This is the first evidence that the specimens studied in 1862 and 1886 may represent different species. Calvert (1909) described H. inca based on specimens from Peru, compares it with H. icterops, and among other morphological differences such as body size, pterostigma shape and head coloration, he also notices the differences on the paraprocts. Williamson (1919) added information on this species, also stating that “it seems possible there have been some misidentifications” [in the material examined by Selys] and pointing some inconsistencies concerning the identity of some specimens assigned as H. icterops in Selys’s collection. Further, in the taxonomic history of this taxon, De Marmels (1987, 1989) suggested the synonymy of H. romani with H. icterops, based on coloration characters, mentioning that the type specimen “lacks the superior appendages”. De Marmels (2004) also made considerations about the unlikely presence of H. icterops on Venezuela, suggesting confusion with the locality labels. Von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison (2007) examined the type material housed at RBINS, including the same H. icterops male examined by De Marmels, and the holotype of H. romani. In their rationale, von Ellenrieder and Garrison argue that there is a “small series from São João Del-Rei which are not H. icterops ”. This makes total sense, first taxonomically, and second because H. icterops is an Amazonian species, restricted to its lowlands; and the small series examined by von Ellenrieder and Garrison is from São João Del-Rei, Minas Gerais state, located at the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes at nearly 1000m asl, separated by at least 2.500 km from the Amazonian region. Stand-Pérez et al. (2019) also mentioned the problem concerning these two species, and correctly assigns their examined specimens to H. inca, based on the accurate head description of Williamson (1919). Although some studies have helped to clarifying some taxonomic aspects, doubts about what really is H. icterops have remained over the years, and we have some considerations about this issue: (i) there is a male specimen depicted by Menger (in Williamson 1919) as being H. icterops (Plate X, figs. 117-118) and this specimen is really similar to what we consider to be H. inca, both in dorsal and lateral views (see Fig. 42); (ii) specimens assigned to H. icterops in the NHMUK are, in fact, H. inca (Figs. 42l–m, compared in this plate with a male from Colombia in Figs. 42j–k), and definitely not part of any type series (Fig. 42n; in fact, not listed as a type series by Kimmins 1970); (iii) FAAL borrowed and drew the type of H. icterops (Fig. 40) from the RBINS and, although missing the cercus, it has the paraprocts, and they did match those of H. icterops and H. romani, its junior synonym (Fig. 40e), matching also regarding the coloration, as argued by De Marmels (1987). In fact, Williamson (1919) and De Marmels (1987) have stated that the male “lacks the superior appendages”, and not all appendages. Furthermore, Williamson (1919) comments that “Menger’s drawings of a male in the Selys collection is one of these specimens (possibly H. icterops posteriorly collected in Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru), but the drawings do not indicate which one”, and “were it certain that the specimen figured by Menger is conspecific with de Se1ys’ type of icterops, I should conclude that inca Calvert is a synonym of icterops ” (Williamson 1919). These statements by Williamson, and the different description of male paraprocts by Selys in 1862 and 1886, clearly pose a severe doubt about the specimen drawn by Menger really representing H. icterops. From all this, we can conclude that: (i) the synonymy applied by De Marmels concerning H. icterops and H. romani (junior synonym) is correct, concerning coloration and morphology, as the paraprocts of the type specimen of H. icterops are typically enlarged (Fig. 40e), contrasting with those of H. inca, which are greatly reduced (Fig. 42j–m); (ii) the specimen depicted by Menger (Williamson 1919, Plate X, figs. 117-118) does not belong to H. icterops, but in fact is part of a series of H. inca (Ecuador and Peru are within the range of H. inca, while H. icterops is restricted to Brazil, and has never been collected in those aforementioned countries, despite large collection efforts in the last century) (De Marmels 1987; Vilela et al. 2019a; Stand-Pérez et al. 2019); (iii) H. inca is definitely not a junior synonym of H. icterops and this possibility was only raised due to an error of labeling or identification (whether by Menger or Selys), that caused many specimens of H. inca to be labeled as H. icterops over the decades (e.g., the NHMUK specimens); (iv) apart from the coloration and anal appendages morphology, comparisons between the accessory structures of the genital fossa of the two species allow us to see the differences between them, mainly in the sclerotization of the structures and size of the vesica spermalis (Figs. 41a–c). The following character combination distinguishes H. icterops from H. inca and all other Group B species: ridge above ML long, sinuous consisting of small teeth, and a marked carina (Figs. 39d–f); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 39f); AP the shortest (Fig. 39d); S9–10 almost entirely black or dark brown.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFDE913A6AD7FCCBAE61A505	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD191386AD7FBB7AF81A65A.text	73444D3AFFD191386AD7FBB7AF81A65A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion inca : Calvert 1909	<div><p>Heteragrion inca Calvert, 1909</p> <p>(Figs. 41c, 42a–n)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 28’]</p> <p>Heteragrion inca: Calvert 1909: 108–111 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Peru; comparison with H. icterops; plate III, fig. 38);— Williamson 1919: 10, 50 (key to species, couplet d1; taxonomic history and comparison with H. icterops);— Daigle 2005: 167–168 (comparison with H. bickorum);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2011: 40–46 (recorded in Tiputini, Ecuador);— Bota-Sierra et al. 2015: 256 (first record in Colombia);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 107–108 (remarks; mentions taxonomic uncertainty and comparisons with H. icterops; figs. 5i–j, 10a–c, 15a–c, 19).</p> <p>Material examined. 4♁♁ ECUADOR, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.146/lat -0.635)">Querbrada Harpía</a>, 4.xii.2012, (-0.6350, -76.1460, 217m asl), A.C. Rivera &amp; M.S. Herrera leg., ECOEVO; 4♁♁, 4♀♀ same data, but 5.xii.2012, ECOEVO; 1♁, 1♀ same data, but 8.xii.2012, ECOEVO; 3♁♁, 1♀ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1457&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6284" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1457/lat -0.6284)">Sendero Harpía</a>, 7.xii.2012, (-0.6284, -76.1457, 228m asl), A.C. Rivera &amp; M.S. Herrera leg., ECOEVO; 5♁♁ Napo, Jatún Sacha, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.6105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.6105/lat -1.0777)">Río Shinquipino</a>, 31.x.2014, (-1.0777, -77.6105, 400m asl), I. Sanmartín-Villar leg., ECOEVO; 2♁♁, 2♀♀ same data, but 3.xi.2014, A.C. Rivera leg., ECOEVO; 1♁ BRAZIL, Rondônia state, Ariquemes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.1166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.8333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.1166/lat -10.8333)">Fazenda Rancho Grande</a>, 16-24.iii.1989, (-10.8333, -63.1166), S.W. Dunkle leg., ABMM; 1♁ Acre state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.7185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.4878" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.7185/lat -7.4878)">Igarapé do Jenilson</a>, 21.viii.2022, (-7.4878, -73.7185, 260m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 1♁ (wrongly assigned as TYPE) PERU, Pebas, Cod. 013388786, McLachlan leg. (1938?), NHMUK; 1♀ (wrongly assigned as PARATYPE) Pebas, Cod. 012504988, McLachlan leg. (1938?), NHMUK; 1♁ Chanchamayo, Cod. 013388788, Morton leg., NHMUK; 1♁ “Equateur”, Cod. 013388789, (1800m asl), [F.C. Fraser Bequest], NHMUK; 1♁ COLOMBIA, Putumayo Department, Orito Municipality, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0798&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0798/lat 0.6725)">Nuevo Mundo</a>, 10.i.2017, (0.6725, -77.0798, 950m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso &amp; O. Janni leg., CEUA; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.0525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6204" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.0525/lat 0.6204)">Río Guámez</a>, 22.i.2017, (0.6204, -77.0525, 630m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso &amp; O. Janni leg., CEUA; 1♁ Puerto Leguízamo Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.3265&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.1065" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.3265/lat -0.1065)">Vereda La Tregua</a>, 30.i.2017, (-0.1065, -74.3265, 180m asl), M. Vigano, A. Corso &amp; O. Janni leg., CEUA; 3♁♁ Amazonas Department, Leticia Municipality, ICN; 1♁ Amazonas Department, Puerto Nariño Municipality, Natural Park, El Vergel Community, (-3.8594, -70.2047, 91m asl), Y. Cano leg., ANDES–E.</p> <p>Known distribution. Amazonian regions of Bolivia, Brazil (states of Acre and Rondônia), Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. See the taxonomic discussion under H. icterops section. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: ridge above ML forming a roughly rounded teeth arrangement between the two rows (Figs. 42e–f); in lateral view, cercus elbowing varying in intensity along its midlength (Figs. 42k, m); male postclypeus yellow with a black transversal line (Figs. 42a, 42c), or lacking a transversal line (Fig. 42b); distribution in Colombian Amazon, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFD191386AD7FBB7AF81A65A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD5913E6AD7FF43AE16A394.text	73444D3AFFD5913E6AD7FF43AE16A394.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion itacolomii Avila, Lencioni & Carneiro 2020	<div><p>Heteragrion itacolomii Ávila-Jr., Lencioni &amp; Carneiro, 2020</p> <p>(Figs. 43a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 25 (24)]</p> <p>Heteragrion itacolomii: Ávila-Jr. et al. 2020: 121–130 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. freddiemercuryi; figs. 1–7, 9–10);— Stefani-Santos et al. 2021: 188 (comparison with the ♀ of H. mantiqueirae).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁, 1♀ (HOLOTYPE and ALLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.5075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.4325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.5075/lat -20.4325)">Trilha da Lagoa</a>, 23.xii.2018 (female collected on 20.iii.2019), (-20.4325, -43.5075, 1350 m asl), W.F. Ávila-Jr. leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species (morphologically close to H. freddiemercuryi and H. brianmayi): BP forming a greatly expanded concavity (Fig. 43c); upper plate narrow, longer than wide (Fig. 43c–e); ML ridge not centered (Figs. 43d–e).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFD5913E6AD7FF43AE16A394	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD5913D6AD7F90EAF13A4B5.text	73444D3AFFD5913D6AD7F90EAF13A4B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion johndeaconi : Lencioni 2013	<div><p>Heteragrion johndeaconi Lencioni, 2013</p> <p>(Figs. 44a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 28 (26’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion johndeaconi: Lencioni 2013: 18–19 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. freddiemercuryi, H. brianmayi and H. rogertaylori; figs. 29, 39d–f, 44d–f, 49e–f, 59c–d, 76).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Goiás state, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.6433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.1819" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.6433/lat -14.1819)">Córrego João de Melo</a>, 18.vi.2008, (-14.1819, -47.6433, 1198m asl), M.C. Almeida &amp; S.L. Dutra leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Northeastern Goiás state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Little is known of this species other than its morphology; for this it has been assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021f). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate small, rounded, bearing a posterior row of small teeth, not centered (Fig. 44c); broadly developed BP ventral concavity; in lateral view, BP very broad, tapering towards the apex, ML visible (Fig. 44d); ML apex roughly squared (Fig. 44c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFD5913D6AD7F90EAF13A4B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD6913C6AD7FA27AADAA44F.text	73444D3AFFD6913C6AD7FA27AADAA44F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion lencionii Vilela, Farias & Santos 2021	<div><p>Heteragrion lencionii Vilela, Farias &amp; Santos, 2021</p> <p>(Figs. 45a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 16’]</p> <p>Heteragrion lencionii: Vilela et al. 2021: 476–482 (diagnosis and description of ♁; comparison with H. aurantiacum, H. cinnamomeum and H. silvarum; figs. 1a–c, 2a–b).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE), BRAZIL, Sergipe, Areia Branca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.7484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.339/lat -10.7484)">Serra de Itabaiana National Park</a>, (-10.7484, -37.3390, 179 m asl), 7.xii.2020, A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. dos Santos leg, UFS; 1♁ (PARATYPE), same data as holotype, FAAL; 4♁♁ (PARATYPES), Brazil, Sergipe, Capela, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.0589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.5379" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.0589/lat -10.5379)">Mata do Junco Wildlife Refuge</a>, (-10.5379, - 37.0589, 120 m asl), 14.xii.2020, A.B. Farias &amp; J.C. Santos leg., UFS; 1♁ (PARATYPE) Brazil, Sergipe, Capela, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.0512&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.5427" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.0512/lat -10.5427)">Mata do Junco Wildlife Refuge</a>, (-10.5427, -37.0512, 120 m asl), 14.xii.2020, A.B. Farias &amp; B. dos Santos leg., UFS; 1♁ (PARATYPE), Brazil, Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Federal Institute of Sergipe, (-10.9198, -37.1862, 30m asl), 3.xii.2020, A.B. Farias &amp; A.E. dos Santos leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Center-Northern Sergipe state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species is morphologically close to and in some areas sympatric with H. aurantiacum, from which it differs mainly by the ML morphology and overall body coloration. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP not greatly expanded or dilated ventrally; ML formed by a broad plate (Figs. 45c–d); ML ridge short, not reaching its apex (Fig. 45d); ML apex rounded (Fig. 45d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFD6913C6AD7FA27AADAA44F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFD791436AD7FA78AFC5A486.text	73444D3AFFD791436AD7FA78AFC5A486.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion luizfelipei Machado 2006	<div><p>Heteragrion luizfelipei Machado, 2006</p> <p>(Figs. 46a–f)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 13’]</p> <p>Heteragrion luizfelipei: Machado 2006: 1062–1065 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. gracile and H. mantiqueirae; figs. 2, 5–6, 9–10, 13–14);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Lencioni 2013: 10–11 (information on types, distribution, diagnosis; comparison with H. beschkii and H. gracile; figs. 18, 31d–f, 43d–g, 47e–f, 52a–b, 70);— Renner et al. 2016: 3–5 (first record to Rio Grande do Sul state; fig. 3b);— Dalzochio et al. 2018: 7 (list of species from Rio Grande do Sul; misspelled as “ luisfelipei ”).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Santa Catarina state, Urubuci, 15.i.2005, (1300m asl), P.A. Machado &amp; M.B. Machado leg., ABMM; 1♁ (PARATYPE) same data, but 12.1.2001, P.A. Machado leg., ABMM (right cercus missing, left cercus broken at 1/2); 1♁ Seara (formerly Nova Teutonia), 27.xii.1939, F. Plaumann leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML ridge short, bearing strong teeth (Fig. 46c), with an additional ridge forming a hollow space posteriorly (Figs. 46e–f), unique in Heteragrion; ML apex ‘W’ shaped, bilobate (Figs. 46c–f).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFD791436AD7FA78AFC5A486	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA891426AD7FA30A81FA4E0.text	73444D3AFFA891426AD7FA30A81FA4E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion majus : Selys 1886	<div><p>Heteragrion majus Selys, 1886</p> <p>(Figs. 47a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 21’]</p> <p>Heteragrion majus: Selys 1886: 62–63 (description of ♁ from Panama; comparison with H. aequatoriale);— Calvert 1901: 62–63 (remarks; fig. 6);— Calvert 1909: 108 (comparison with H. aequatoriale);— Ris 1918: 86–87 (additions to original description; description of ♀; comparison with H. erythrogastrum);— Williamson 1919: 35 (key to species, ♁ in couplet f1, ♀ in couplet d1; comparison with H. albifrons; figs. 42–43, 62, 67, 91–92, 106, 129–130, 156–157);— Paulson 1981: 303 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 91 (list of Heteragrion species; fig. 395);— Garrison &amp; von Ellenrieder 2013: 15, 23 (list of species from Costa Rica; fig. 20);— Ramírez &amp; Gutiérrez-Fonseca 2013: 97–100 (description of F0 larvae; key to larvae known to Costa Rica, couplet 2);— Molinar et al. 2015: 87 (list of species from Panama).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁, 1♀ COSTA RICA, San Jose, Hacienda Zurqui, 16.viii.1979, (1500m asl), R.W. &amp; J.A. Garrison leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Costa Rica, Panama.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: BP with a nearly straight margin, bearing no swelling or convexity (Figs. 47c–e); MP the shortest portion of cercus in length (Figs. 47c–e); ridge above ML formed by spaced and very strong teeth (Figs. 47c–e), 2–3 strong teeth on its apex (Fig. 47e); ML apex acute (Figs. 47c–e).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA891426AD7FA30A81FA4E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA991416AD7F991AF17A71F.text	73444D3AFFA991416AD7F991AF17A71F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion makiritare : De Marmels 2004	<div><p>Heteragrion makiritare De Marmels, 2004</p> <p>(Figs. 48a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 18’]</p> <p>Heteragrion makiritare: De Marmels 2004: 439–458 (description and diagnosis of ♁ from Venezuela; comparison with H. ictericum; figs. 1–8);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 91 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 391–392);— Vivas-Santeliz &amp; De Marmels 2017: 50 (species endemic to Venezuela).</p> <p>Material examined. None. Examined through original description and holotype images (holotype housed at MIZA).</p> <p>Known distribution. Southeastern Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Although its IUCN Red List assessment classifies H. makiritare as Least Concern, the evaluation needs updating (as indicated in the annotations section in the IUCN’s website), as this species is known from only two localities, not collected since 1985 (De Marmels 2004; von Ellenrieder 2009b). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP expanded ventrally, forming a hollow concavity (Fig. 48d); ML forming a broad plate (Figs. 48c–d); ML ridge short, bearing small teeth, not reaching ML apex (Fig. 48c); AP margin bearing a small basal swelling (Fig. 48d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA991416AD7F991AF17A71F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAA91406AD7F989A8DAA4FF.text	73444D3AFFAA91406AD7F989A8DAA4FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion mantiqueirae Machado 2006	<div><p>Heteragrion mantiqueirae Machado, 2006</p> <p>(Figs. 49a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 18 (17’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion mantiqueirae: Machado 2006: 1065–1068 (description of ♁, illustration of ♁ head, thorax dorsal and lateral, ♁ appendages in dorsal and lateral views; figs. 4, 8, 12, 17–18);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Lencioni 2013: 11 (synonymic list, types, distribution and diagnosis; figs. 19, 37a–c, 51c, 63, 69);— Lencioni 2017: 149–150 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 73–74);—Ávila-Jr. et al. 2020: 128–129 (comparison with H. itacolomii; figs. 9c, g, k);— Stefani-Santos et al. 2021: 188–189 (description and diagnosis of ♀; fig. 6).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, São Paulo state, Campos do Jordão, State Park of Campos do Jordão, 25.i.1992, (1600 m asl), Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., ABMM (missing head and anal appendages); 1 ♁ São Paulo state, Salesópolis, 03.xi.2000, F.A.A. Lencioni leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species is assessed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List, due to its limited range and presence in areas threatened with deforestation (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021g). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML forming a broad plate (Fig. 49c); ML ridge long, sinuous, reaching ML apex (Fig. 49c); in lateral view, BP only slightly expanded, ML visible, quite sinuous (Fig. 49d); ML wider than long, with rounded apex (Fig. 49c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFAA91406AD7F989A8DAA4FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAB91466AD7F9E9A8C2A0B9.text	73444D3AFFAB91466AD7F9E9A8C2A0B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion mitratum : Williamson 1919	<div><p>Heteragrion mitratum Williamson, 1919</p> <p>(Figs. 50a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 27’]</p> <p>Heteragrion mitratum: Williamson 1919: 39–47 (key to species, ♁ in couplet g1, ♀ in couplet c1; description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀ from Colombia; comparison to H. aequatoriale by Ris; figs. 3–4, 50–51, 56, 63, 69, 95, 162–163);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— Ramírez 1992: 361 (species recorded in Costa Rica);— De Marmels 2004: 446 (brief larval description; figs. 28, 33, 41a, 43–44);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 555, 564–567 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 6, ♀ in couplet 4; remarks and distribution in Colombia; figs. 2, 4l–m, 7a–b);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 13, ♀ in couplet 11’; comparison with congeners; figs. 6a–b, 10g –i, 15d–f, 19).</p> <p>Heteragrion mitratum atroterminatum: Donnelly 1992: 59–60 (description and diagnosis of ♁; figs. 5.1, 5.5, 5.9, 5.14);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Garrison &amp; von Ellenrieder 2013: 14, 23 (list of species from Costa Rica; fig. 19, misspelled as “ H. m. atrolineatum ”);— Molinar et al. 2015: 87 (list of species from Panama);— Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 555–556, 567 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 6’; remarks, extensive comparison with H. mitratum and H. aequatoriale and distribution in Colombia; figs. 2, 3m –n, 4d, k, 5c, 7c–f, 8d–e, 9e);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 13’; brief remarks; figs. 6c, 10d–f, 19).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Acre state, Rio Branco, Igarapé do Tucuman, 10.x.1983, A.B.M. Machado leg., ABMM; 6♁♁ COLOMBIA, Chocó Department, Unión Panamericana Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.5771&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.6108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.5771/lat 6.6108)">Corregimiento Salero</a>, 24.vii.2010, (6.6108, -74.5771, 100m asl), L. Pérez &amp; J. Montes leg., UARC; 1♁ Córdoba Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.1172" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1076/lat 8.1172)">Tierralta Municipality</a>, vereda La Oscurana, (8.1172, -76.1076), ICN; 1♁ Chocó Department, Nuquí Municipality, Corregimiento Arusi, iv.2018, C. Flórez leg., CEBUCES; 3♁♁, Department of Antioquia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.6402&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.6402/lat 6.5441)">Maceo Municipality</a>, 22.i.2001, (6.5441, -74.6402, 490m asl), S. Pérez &amp; A. Vélez leg., CEUA; 2♁♁ Puerto Berrio, Estación La Cristalina, Hacienda La Guajira, 4–6.ix.2008, (6.3700, -74.5752, 300m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 1♁ San Roque Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.8342&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.4875" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.8342/lat 6.4875)">San Jose del Nus Township</a>, 7.ii.2009, (6.4875, -74.8342, 800m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.9019&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.4694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.9019/lat 6.4694)">El Topacio Township</a>, 23.vii.2013, (6.4694, -74.9019, 950m asl), J. Cogollo &amp; Yenny Correa leg., CEUA; 1♁ Nariño Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.1286&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.1286/lat 5.5841)">Puente Linda Township</a>, 26.vii.2009, (5.5841, -75.1286, 750m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 4♁♁ Remedios Municipality, La Cruz Township, (6.9088, -74.5672, 523m asl), L. Campuzano &amp; C. Bota leg.; 4♁♁, San Luis Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.5672&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.9088" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.5672/lat 6.9088)">La Garrucha Township</a>, 23.xii.2009, (6.0040, -74.9390, 397m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 3♁♁ San Carlos Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.8/lat 6.15)">Samana Township</a>, 27.iii.2012, (6.1500, -74.8000, 600m asl), Flórez &amp; C. Bota leg., CEUA; 4♁♁ El Carmen de Viboral Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.1795&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8969" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.1795/lat 5.8969)">El Porvenir Township</a>, 29.xi.2016, (5.8969, -75.1795, 950m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 1♁ VENEZUELA, Táchira State, San Felix, 12.iv.1996, (350m asl), J̧rg DeMarmels leg., CEUA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Acre state), Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama and Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: BP greatly swollen or expanded (Figs. 50c–d); all portions of cercus subequal in length (Fig. 50c); ridge above ML straight, long; ML apex acute (Fig. 50e) or blunt (Figs. 50c–d); in dorsal view, MP-AP junction rounded (Fig. 50e). Donnelly (1992) proposed the subspecies H. mitratum atroterminatum for populations of Central Panama, which was later recognized in some populations found in Colombia (Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017). The main characteristic used to separate H. mitratum from its subspecies is the absence of black coloration on dorsal S8, which is black in H. mitratum atroterminatum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFAB91466AD7F9E9A8C2A0B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAD91456AD7FE2BAB9BA09D.text	73444D3AFFAD91456AD7FE2BAB9BA09D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion muryense Costa & Santos 2000	<div><p>Heteragrion muryense Costa &amp; Santos, 2000</p> <p>(Figs. 51a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 19 (2’)]</p> <p>Heteragrion muryense: Costa &amp; Santos 2000: 1–8 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; key to species of Heteragrion recorded to Rio de Janeiro state, ♁ in couplet 2’; figs. 1–8);— Lencioni 2005: 136 (data on description and distribution, illustration from Costa &amp; Santos 2000; figs. 85a–h);— Machado &amp; Bedê 2006: 50–52 (differences from H. tiradentense, H. petiense, H. flavovittatum and H. ovatum);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Lencioni 2013: 12 (synonymic list, types, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 20–21, 36a–c, 45a–c, 48a–b, 53a–b, 68);— Lencioni 2017: 151–152 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 75–76);—Ávila-Jr. et al. 2020: 121–130 (comparison with H. itacolomii).</p> <p>Material examined. 2♁♁ BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro state, Nova Friburgo, Pico São João, 26.i.1996, (type locality, 1500m asl), Mielke leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This is a very rare and unique species, which has been collected on only two occasions (1990 and 1996), not seen ever since, and assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021h). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: BP uniquely consisted of a long, narrow ventral branch (Fig. 51c–d); upper plate small, shaped like an inverted triangle, bearing a small row of teeth posteriorly; ridge fused with ML up to 1/2 of lower plate (Figs. 51c–d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFAD91456AD7FE2BAB9BA09D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FE00A925A53B.text	73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FE00A925A53B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion obsoletum : Selys 1886	<div><p>Heteragrion obsoletum Selys, 1886</p> <p>Heteragrion obsoletum: Selys 1886: 57–58 (description of ♁ from Minas Gerais state; mention that the appendages were missing);— Williamson 1919: 29 (general remarks);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Souza et al. 2013: 1368–1369 (misidentification, it is in fact H. cyane; fig. 2);— Machado &amp; Souza 2014: 95, 97–98 (remarks and differences from H. cyane);—Vilela et al. 2019: 590–593 (remarks and differences with H. denisye; images of the original labels; figs. 1, 5);— Cezário &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021: 78–86 (remarks and differences with H. gorbi).</p> <p>Material examined. None, only known from type holotype, which was lost (Vilela et al. 2019), originally housed at RBINS.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Described from a single male collected in Caxambu, Minas Gerais state, this species has not been collected again, despite some search in that area by A.B.M. Machado (pers. comm. in 2019). Because of this, the assessment of H. obsoletum in the IUCN Red List is Data Deficient (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021i). According to Selys (1886), this species can be separated from the other congeners by the broad shape of the MP plate, which has a rounded apex. Vilela et al. (2019b) made a thorough analysis of this enigmatic species, separating it from H. denisye and other congeners.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FE00A925A53B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FB54A856A7EB.text	73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FB54A856A7EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion ochraceum Hagen 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion ochraceum Hagen in Selys, 1862</p> <p>Heteragrion ochraceum: Selys 1862: 22–23 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Rio de Janeiro state; comparison of ♁ with H. beschkii; Selys states that he did not see the male and could not perform a good comparison with other species);— Williamson 1919: 24–25 (suggests synonymy with H. cinnamomeum, also similarities with H. aurantiacum; states that the tubercle mentioned by Selys in the ♀ head is absent);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Lencioni 2013: 4 (mentions taxonomic problems concerning this name).</p> <p>Material examined. None.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Regarding H. ochraceum, it was described by Selys (1862) based on the two sexes, including one male and two females (one of them teneral). According to Williamson (1919), Hagen considered H. cinnamomeum to be a junior synonym of H. ochraceum, though not formalizing this proposition. Additionally, one can observe many similarities between the female assigned as H. ochraceum (depicted by Williamson 1919, Plate IV fig. 19) and the female assigned as H. aurantiacum (Lencioni 2013, fig. 50b). The main problem is that the type specimens are now incomplete (the male is missing) and impossible to associate with any valid name (von Ellenrieder &amp; Garrison 2007). However, as we have not studied the types in person, for now we do not consider this name as nomen dubium. Currently, there is not enough taxonomic information on this species to formalize a proper diagnosis. See further discussion under H. cinnamomeum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFAE91456AD7FB54A856A7EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFAE914A6AD7F884AB87A3E5.text	73444D3AFFAE914A6AD7F884AB87A3E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion ovatum : Selys 1862	<div><p>Heteragrion ovatum Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 52a–j)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 23 (20’)] Heteragrion ovatum: Selys 1862: 19–20 (description of ♁ from Brazil; comparison with H. dorsale);— Selys 1886: 56 (assigns the ♀ as H. ochraceum);— Williamson 1919: 11, 16–17 (key to species, ♁ in couplet b2; remarks);— Machado 1988: 273 (comparison with H. petiense);— Machado &amp; Bedê 2006: 50–51 (comparison with other Heteragrion species);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species).</p> <p>Material examined. Examined through original description and images of supposed representatives of this species. 1♁ BRAZIL, São Paulo state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.5797&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.7458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.5797/lat -22.7458)">Campos do Jordão</a>, i.1966, (-22.7458, -45.5797, 1700m asl), Ebert leg., RWG; 1♁ Rio de Janeiro state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.6166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.4166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.6166/lat -22.4166)">Parque Nacional do Itatiaia</a>, 11.i.1973, (-22.4166, -44.6166, 1300m asl), O.H.H. Mielke leg., RWG.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. It should be noted that the specimens discussed in this study may only represent potential examples of the elusive H. ovatum, although they closely resemble the description and the small illustration provided by Selys (Figs. 52i–j). See the original description below (translated from French by Rosser Garrison):</p> <p>“Abdomen ♁: 44; ♀: 31. HW: 31.</p> <p>Wings hyaline, almost reaching the seventh [abdominal] segment, fairly narrow, stalked up to about the basal third of the quadrilateral; the latter short, extending less than halfway up between the arculus and nodus. CuP a little closer to the arculus than to the first Ax. Pt dark brown, surmounting three cells, slightly oblique distally, pointed proximally, touching the costal margin at its terminal two-third. About twenty Px in the fore wings.</p> <p>[Head] Brown above, yellowish below. Labrum, anteriorly rimmed with a line, some designs between the eyes, and the rear of the head yellow. Prothorax and front of synthorax [mesepisterna] brown, having on each side [of the mesepisternum] a rounded oval yellowish spot and the sides [remainder of the thorax] yellow. A narrow basal ring on S3–7, the posterior half of S8, [and] S9–10 entirely yellowish. Legs dirty yellowish.</p> <p>Anal appendages yellowish, the cerci twice as long as S10, cerci robust slightly hairy externally, swollen below the base and having, after the middle, a very strong rounded, flattened inner tooth. The paraprocts large, rounded, very short, barely visible.</p> <p>♀? (1) [♀ later synonymized with H. ochraceum].</p> <p>Country: Brazil, after a male in the St. Petersburg Museum that I reviewed and illustrated there fifteen years ago [this specimen is now lost].</p> <p>NB. I do not have this species before me, but from my description and my drawing, it should resemble the dorsale differing by the two well-defined oval spots on the mesepisterna that are much smaller, non-contiguous, the absence of lateral lines black thorax and upper appendages more robust.”</p> <p>At any rate, the H. ovatum specimens treated here represent very precisely the description by Selys. The only impediment to a fully correct diagnosis for this species is the lack of the originally described material. Its remarkably expanded BP region is unique among the genus (see Fig. 52), and its distribution is coherent with most Group A species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFAE914A6AD7F884AB87A3E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA1914A6AD7FC97A80EA653.text	73444D3AFFA1914A6AD7FC97A80EA653.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion palmichale : Hartung 2002	<div><p>Heteragrion palmichale Hartung, 2002</p> <p>(Figs. 53a–c)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 4 (2)]</p> <p>Heteragrion palmichale: Hartung 2002: 187–191 (description and diagnosis of ♁ from Venezuela; compared in size with H. tricellulare, morphologically with H. simulatum, H. peregrinum and H. icterops; figs. 1–9);— De Marmels 2004: 443 (recorded in Porto Cabello, Venezuela);— De Marmels 2008: 151–155 (comparisons with H. archon);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Vivas-Santeliz &amp; De Marmels 2017: 50 (species endemic to Venezuela).</p> <p>Material examined. Known only from type material; examined through original description and holotype images (holotype housed at MIZA).</p> <p>Known distribution. Northern Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion palmichale is an enigmatic species, described from two males collected at “Via Palmichal”, a road area near Cerro de Paja mountain (Carabobo, Venezuela), in 1992 (Hartung 2002). According to Hartung (2002), the main characteristics of this species, setting it apart from the remaining Heteragrion species were: the large size (abdomen 52.5mm), the large paraptocts (referred by him as “spine-like inferior appendages”), and the “strongly arched” (curved downwards at its midlength) cercus (Fig. 53c). De Marmels (2008) described H. archon, which shares several morphological similarities with H. palmichale, such as (in parenthesis the nomenclature used in this study): “cercus arched downwards, expanding towards tip”, “paraproct long and robust”, “total body size unusually large”, “tip apparently trifid, due to shortening of terminal branch” (AP referred to as the terminal branch, forming a trifid branch with ML), and “apical excision of internal branch as to suggest presence of a third, median branch” (ML with a medial excision, that is, bilobate). In contrast, De Marmels also pointed out the characters separating the two species: H. archon having larger body size, including wings; head color pattern, and the arching of cercus in lateral view, which is more angled in H. palmichale (Fig. 53c) than in H. archon (Fig. 11c). Regarding its conservation status, H. palmichale was recently assessed in the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered (CR), and possibly extinct, “as it has not been seen since its initial discovery in 1992” and “no conservation actions are protecting it and it is threatened by urban and agriculture expansion, natural fires and water extraction for crop irrigation” (Vivas-Santeliz et al. 2021b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA1914A6AD7FC97A80EA653	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA291496AD7FB41AB87A68A.text	73444D3AFFA291496AD7FB41AB87A68A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion pemon : De Marmels 1987	<div><p>Heteragrion pemon De Marmels, 1987</p> <p>(Figs. 54 a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 5’]</p> <p>Heteragrion pemon: De Marmels 1987: 231–233 (description and diagnosis of ♁; comparison with H. ictericum and H. consors, figs. 25–30, 50);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— De Marmels 1992: 39 (description of ♀; figs. 1–3);— Hartung 2002: 191 (comparison of genital ligula with H. palmichale);— De Marmels 2004: 447 (remarks and additional ♀ characters; figs. 24, 29);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Vivas-Santeliz &amp; De Marmels 2017: 50 (species endemic to Venezuela);— von Ellenrieder et al. 2017: 3 (list of species from Guyana).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ VENEZUELA, Bolivar state, El Pauji, 4.viii.1990, (1000m asl), R.W. Garrison leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Southeastern Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species possesses a tubercle or apophysis on the ventral BP portion, a feature that is shared only with H. triangulare and H. ictericum. De Marmels (1987) stated that H. pemon keys out to H. ictericum following Williamson’s key (1919), but no further morphological characters are provided to separate the two species. In fact, it is highlighted that “ H. pemon is probably restricted to the “Gran Sabana”, a highland plateau on which the famous “Tepuis” (table mountains) stand” (De Marmels 1987). DSV and FAAL have seen specimens of both species (not the types), and, apart from coloration characters, they seem to be identical in their morphology. At any rate, we are waiting for examination of the types and a molecular analysis to test the monophyly of these species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA291496AD7FB41AB87A68A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA391486AD7FBEDAA45A657.text	73444D3AFFA391486AD7FBEDAA45A657.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion peregrinum : Williamson 1919	<div><p>Heteragrion peregrinum Williamson, 1919</p> <p>(Figs. 55a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 13 (12)]</p> <p>Heteragrion peregrinum: Williamson 1919: 51–56 (key to species, ♁ in couplet b1, ♀ in couplet d2; diagnosis and description of ♁ and ♀ from Colombia; figs. 6, 7, 52–53, 59, 73, 96, 167–168);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 555, 567 (table of information; key to species, ♁ in couplet 4, ♀ in couplet 5; remarks; figs. 1, 3l, 4n–o, 8b–c);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93, 109–110 (table of information; key to species, ♁ in couplet 12, ♀ in couplet 12; remarks; figs. 6e–f, 11a–c, 15g –i, 20).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ Chocó Department, Unión Panamericana Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.5771&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.6108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.5771/lat 6.6108)">Corregimiento Salero</a>, 24.vii.2010, (6.6108, -74.5771, 100m asl), L. Pérez &amp; J. Montes leg., UARC; 1♁ Risaralda Department, Pueblo Rico Municipality, Corregimiento Santa Cecilia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1736/lat 5.3203)">Alto Amurrupá Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.1736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.1736/lat 5.3203)">Ranas de Cristal</a> stream, 26.ix.2018, (5.3203, -76.1736, 620m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Northwestern Colombia.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. According to the IUCN Red List, H. peregrinum is assessed as Vulnerable, based on “its restricted range and decline in potential habitat”, and the type location has been severely modified since its discovery (Bota-Sierra 2021). The species was recently rediscovered in some other areas, but always in small numbers (Bota-Sierra 2021). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: BP the longest, with nearly straight margin (Fig. 55e); MP subequal in length to AP (Fig. 55e); ridge above ML long, bearing strong teeth on a straight line, not reaching its apex (Figs. 55c–e); ML apex acute (Figs. 55c–e).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA391486AD7FBEDAA45A657	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA4914E6AD7FA03A86DA77B.text	73444D3AFFA4914E6AD7FA03A86DA77B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion petiense : Machado 1988	<div><p>Heteragrion petiense Machado, 1988</p> <p>(Figs. 56a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 22’]</p> <p>Heteragrion petiense: Machado 1988: 267–274 (description of ♁ and ♀ from Minas Gerais state; comparison with H. flavovittatum and H. ovatum; figs. 1–3);— Lencioni 2005: 140 (data on description and distribution, illustration from Machado 1988; figs. 87a–b);— Machado &amp; Bedê 2006: 50–52 (differences from H. tiradentense, H. muryense, H. flavovittatum and H. ovatum);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Machado et al. 2008: 459–460 (distribution and threatening status);— Blanke 2008: 13–14 (distribution record);— Lencioni 2013: 12 (synonymic list, types, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 22, 37d–f, 50c, 71);— Lencioni 2017: 153–154 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 77–78);— Storari et al. 2019: 488 (list of species from Espírito Santo state).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Caeté, 6.xii.1987 C.M.S. Miranda, G.C. Oliveira, R.O.P. Queiroz-Filho &amp; L.H.F. Souza e Silva leg., ABMM; 1♁ (PARATYPE) Santa Barbara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.3833/lat -19.9)">Reserva de Peti</a>, 25.x.1987, (-19.9000, -43.3833), A.B.M. Machado leg., ABMM; 2♁♁ Bahia state, Macarani, Mata do Passarinho, 30.i.2014, J.E. Santos-Jr. leg., ABMM; 1♁ Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, 21–28.i.2012 (1000m asl), A. Nemésio leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate broad, slightly concave, bearing a posterior row of teeth (Figs. 56c–d); ML ridge located posteriorly, its apex bluntly shaped (Figs. 56c–d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA4914E6AD7FA03A86DA77B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA5914C6AD7F914A9DDA1C1.text	73444D3AFFA5914C6AD7F914A9DDA1C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion rogertaylori : Lencioni 2013	<div><p>Heteragrion rogertaylori Lencioni, 2013</p> <p>(Figs. 57a–g)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 30’]</p> <p>Heteragrion rogertaylori: Lencioni 2013: 16–17 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀ from São Paulo state; figs. 28, 39a–c, 44a–c, 49c–d, 59a–b, 76);— Lencioni 2017: 155–156 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 79–80);— Stefani-Santos et al. 2021: 185, 190 (list of species from Minas Gerais state);—Ávila-Jr. et al. 2021: 3 (list of species for Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRASIL, São Paulo state, Pindamonhangaba, Fazenda Trabiju, 26.iii.1999, F.A.A. Lencioni leg., FAAL; 1♁ (PARATYPE) same data, but 21.xi.1998, FAAL; 1♁ (PARATYPE) same data, but 29.xi.1998, ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, due to its restricted range and rarity, having been collected only three times, in 1998, 1999 and 2018, the latter in a Malaise trap (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021j). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: posterior margin of upper plate sinuous, bearing small teeth, anterior margin nearly curved, upper plate concave at its middle (Fig. 57e); ridge centered (Fig. 57f); in lateral view, cercus tapering towards its apex (Fig. 57g); ML apex ‘W’ shaped, bilobate (Fig. 57e).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA5914C6AD7F914A9DDA1C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FE02AFE7A6BE.text	73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FE02AFE7A6BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion gracile Machado 2006	<div><p>Heteragrion gracile: Ribeiro et al. 2021: 176 (misidentification, list of odonates from Bahia state).</p> <p>Heteragrion roquei: Vilela et al. 2022: 493–500 (description and diagnosis of ♁; figs. 1a–b, 2, 3a–b, 4a–b, 5d).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Bahia state, Municipality of Una, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.1621&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.3146" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.1621/lat -15.3146)">Fazenda Araruna</a>, 19.ix.2019, (-15.3146, -39.1621, 40m asl), M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC; 1♁ (PARATYPE) same data as holotype, but (-15.3101, -39.1621), FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Bahia state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: posterior margin of upper plate long, bearing a row of strong teeth, anterior margin short (Fig. 58c); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 58d); ML apex roughly squared (Fig. 58c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FE02AFE7A6BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FEF3A9EBA0B3.text	73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FEF3A9EBA0B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion roquei Vilela, Rodrigues & Lencioni 2022	<div><p>Heteragrion roquei Vilela, Rodrigues &amp; Lencioni, 2022</p> <p>(Figs. 58a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 31’]</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFA7914C6AD7FEF3A9EBA0B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB891536AD7FF43AF87A636.text	73444D3AFFB891536AD7FF43AF87A636.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion rubrifulvum : Donnelly 1992	<div><p>Heteragrion rubrifulvum Donnelly, 1992</p> <p>(Figs. 59a–c)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 10’]</p> <p>Heteragrion rubrifulvum: Donnelly 1992: 55, 57–59 (key to species of Heteragrion from Central Panama, ♁ in couplet 2’; description and diagnosis of ♁; comparison with H. erythrogastrum and H. albifrons; 5.2, 5.12, 5.17);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Molinar et al. 2015: 87 (list of species from Panama).</p> <p>Material examined. Examined through original description and holotype images (holotype housed at MCZ).</p> <p>Known distribution. Central Panama.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, as it is a poorly known taxon, known from only the type locality, pending additional collections to determine its current conservation status (González-Soriano &amp; Guzmán Ojeda 2021a). Donnelly (1992) stated that this species “stands quite alone in the genus for near absence of black markings”. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: head red, remainder of body pale yellow; ridge above ML straight, its apex sclerotized (Fig. 59c); ML with acute apex (Fig. 59c); AP with a longitudinal depression (Fig. 59c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFB891536AD7FF43AF87A636	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB891516AD7F8A7A91CA30D.text	73444D3AFFB891516AD7F8A7A91CA30D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion silvarum : Sjostedt 1918	<div><p>Heteragrion silvarum Sj ̂stedt, 1918</p> <p>(Figs. 60a–g)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 8 (7)] Heteragrion silvarum:Sjöstedt1918:4–6 (description of♁ and ♀;comparison with H.aurantiacum, H.cinnamomeum and “ H. malicentum ” [misspelled]; plate 1, fig. 10);— Williamson 1919: 63–64 (discussion and comparison with other species);— De Marmels 1987: 229–231 (redescription of holotype and ♀ paratype, differences from H. ictericum, illustration of ♁ and ♀ head and prothorax, ♁ thorax, ♀ S 8–10 in lateral view, ♀ S 9–10 in ventral view; figs. 13–19, 47–48);— Lencioni 2005: 141 (data on description and distribution, illustration from Sĵstedt 1918 and De Marmels 1987; figs. 88a–j);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— von Ellenrieder 2012: 59, 62, 73 (list of species from Suriname; mentions synonymy with H. melanurum);— Lencioni 2013: 13 (synonymic list, types, distribution, diagnosis, remarks; figs. 23, 33d–f, 54c, 72);— von Ellenrieder et al. 2017: 3 (list of species from Guyana);— Rochas et al. 2022: 200 (species recorded from French Guiana).</p> <p>Heteragrion melanurum: Williamson 1919: 20–22 (key to species, ♁ in couplet c2; description of ♁; comparison with H. ictericum; figs. 9, 16, 76–77, 136);— Paulson 1981: 303 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— De Marmels 1987: 229–231 (proposed synonymy with H. silvarum).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Pará state, Flona de Carajás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.4984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9881" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.4984/lat -5.9881)">Igarapé Afluente do Rio Águas Claras</a>, 22.viii.2022, (-5.9881, -50.4984, 240m asl), G. Desidério leg., INPA; 1♁ Tailândia, Agropalma, 7.iv.2012, J.M. B. Oliveira-Jr. leg., LABECO; 5♁♁ Tailândia, Agropalma (H48H50), 25.x.2016, (-2.6183, -48.8301), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.9/lat -8.75)">Vilela</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.9/lat -8.75)">Cordero-Rivera</a>, Amorim &amp; Rivas-Torres leg., LESTES; 4♁♁ same data, but (P1F1), 27.x.2016, (-2.6191, -48.7811); 3♁♁ same data, but (P10P2), 3.xi.2016, (-2.3116, -48.6692); 1♁ same data, but (P21P13 Novo), 4.xi.2016, (-2.2663, -48.6268); 1♁ same data, but (P24P14), 23.x.2016; (-2.5737, -48.8174); 1♁ Rondônia state, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.9/lat -8.75)">Porto Velho</a>, 3.v.1922, (-8.7500, -63.9000, 100m asl), J.H. Williamson &amp; J.W. Strohm leg., ABMM; 1♁ same data, but FAAL.</p> <p>Synonyms. Heteragrion melanurum Williamson, 1919 (De Marmels 1987)</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species shares with H. cooki and H. cinnamomeum the cercus with a long BP, ending in subequal MP and AP, with a developed ML. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: straight BP margin (Fig. 60d); ML broad, roughly squared (Figs. 60d–g); ML ridge short, nearly straight, reaching or not ML apex (Fig. 60f); ML apex blunt, not bilobate; MP–AP junction rounded or angled (Figs. 60d–g).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFB891516AD7F8A7A91CA30D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBA91506AD7F8B1A9B8A3BD.text	73444D3AFFBA91506AD7F8B1A9B8A3BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion simulatum : Williamson 1919	<div><p>Heteragrion simulatum Williamson, 1919</p> <p>(Figs. 61a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 6’] Heteragrion simulatum: Williamson 1919: 47–50 (key to species, ♁ in couplet g2; description of ♁ and ♀ from Guyana; comparison with H. ictericum; 48–49, 70, 97–98, 164–165);— De Marmels 1989: 17 (comparison with H. breweri, H romani and H icterops);— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— Hartung 2002: 191 (comparison with H. palmichale);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— von Ellenrieder et al. 2017: 3 (list of species from Guyana);— Rochas et al. 2022: 200 (species recorded from French Guiana).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Manaus, Igarapé Barro Branco, 20.iv.1995, C. Delgado leg., INPA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Amazonas state), Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion simulatum shares a high degree of morphological similarity with H. icterops and H. breweri, with most of their characters except for coloration being identical according to De Marmels (1989). In other words, the head color pattern in H. simulatum is quite darker than in H. icterops and H. breweri, the latter having the most yellow areas between the three. Nevertheless, this species can be distinguished from other Group B (except H. icterops and H. breweri) species based on the following combination of characters: ridge above ML long, sinuous consisting of small teeth, and a marked carina (Fig. 61d); in lateral view, ML bent downwards (Fig. 61e); AP the shortest (Fig. 61d); S9–10 paler.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFBA91506AD7F8B1A9B8A3BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBB91576AD7FD2FAAA1A2AA.text	73444D3AFFBB91576AD7FD2FAAA1A2AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion tatama : Bota-Sierra & Novelo-Gutierrez 2017	<div><p>Heteragrion tatama Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2017</p> <p>(Figs. 62a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 13’] Heteragrion tatama: Bota-Sierra &amp; Novelo-Gutiérrez 2017: 555–556, 567–570 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 3’, ♀ in couplet 2’; description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. aequatoriale and other congeners; figs. 2, 3o –p, 4e–f, p, 5d, 6e–g, 9a–b, f);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93 (key to species, ♁ in couplet 4, ♀ in couplet 2’; figs. 6g –h, 11d–f, 16a–c, 20).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) COLOMBIA, Risaralda Department, Tatamá National Park, Pueblo Rico Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.098/lat 5.2286)">Monte Bello Township</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.098/lat 5.2286)">Minas de Cuarzo</a> stream, 22.vii.2016, (5.2286, -76.0980, 1480m asl), C. Bota, F. García &amp; J. Sandoval leg., CEUA; 4♁♁ (PARATYPES) Stream at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.0883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.0883/lat 5.2163)">Taibá’s river</a> canyon, 16.iv.2014, (5.2163, -76.0883, 1660m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 5♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.098/lat 5.2286)">Minas de Cuarzo</a> stream, 15.ix.2014, (5.2286, -76.0980, 1480m asl), C. Bota, C. Flórez &amp; M. Loaíza leg., CEUA; 4♁♁ Stream at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.0883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.0883/lat 5.2163)">Taibá’s river</a> canyon, 16.ix.2014, (5.2163, -76.0883, 1660m asl), C. Bota, C. Flórez &amp; M. Loaíza leg., CEUA; 3♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.0883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.0883/lat 5.2163)">Taibá’s river</a> canyon, 2.ii.2015, (5.2163, -76.0883, 1660m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 6♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.0883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.0883/lat 5.2163)">Taibá’s river</a> canyon, 24.iii.2015, (5.2163, -76.0883, 1660m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 2♁♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.0883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.0883/lat 5.2163)">Taibá’s river</a> canyon, 30.v.2015, (5.2163, -76.0883, 1660m asl), C. Bota leg., CEUA; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.098/lat 5.2286)">Minas de Cuarzo</a> stream, 24.vi.2016, (5.2286, -76.0980, 1480m asl), C. Bota, A. Orejuela &amp; D. Ayala leg., CEUA; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.098/lat 5.2286)">Minas de Cuarzo</a> stream, 13.vii.2016, (5.2286, -76.0980, 1480m asl), C. Bota, A. Orejuela, F. García &amp; D. Ayala leg., CEUA; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.0823&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2271" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.0823/lat 5.2271)">La Escuela</a> stream, 27.vii.2016, (5.2271, 76.0823, 1385m asl), C. Bota &amp; J. Sandoval leg., CEUA; 1♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.0883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.0883/lat 5.2163)">Taibá’s river</a> canyon, 8.viii.2016, (5.2163, 76.0883, 1660m asl), C. Bota, N. Uribe &amp; J. Sandoval leg., CEUA; 2♁♁ Path to Río Bravo, 9.viii.2016, (1500m asl), C. Bota, N. Uribe &amp; J. Sandoval leg., CEUA; 3♁♁ Stream at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.0883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.0883/lat 5.2163)">Taibá’s river</a> canyon, 16.viii.2016, (5.2163, 76.0883, 1660m asl), C. Bota &amp; J. Sandoval leg., CEUA.</p> <p>Known distribution. Western Colombian Andes.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: BP subequal in length to AP (Figs. 62c–d); MP the shortest; ridge above ML bearing strong teeth on a nearly straight line (Fig. 62c); ML bearing small teeth on a single row, reaching its apex (Figs. 62c–d); ML apex with a small cleft (Fig. 62c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFBB91576AD7FD2FAAA1A2AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBC91566AD7FBD7A882A30D.text	73444D3AFFBC91566AD7FBD7A882A30D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion thais : Machado 2015	<div><p>Heteragrion thais Machado, 2015</p> <p>(Figs. 63a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 31 (30)] Heteragrion thais: Machado 2015: 391–396 (description and diagnosis of ♁; comparison with H. beschkii and H. luizfelipei; figs. 1–5);— Lencioni 2017: 157–158 (general taxonomic information; distribution; fig. 81).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Municipality of Barroso, Mata do Baú (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.9761&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1869" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.9761/lat -21.1869)">Baú Forest</a>), 28.i.2011, (-21.1869, -43.9761, centroid, 1100m asl), M.M. de Souza leg., ABMM (head missing); 2♁♁ (PARATYPES) same data, but 20.xi.2010, and 05.ii.2011.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (Southern Minas Gerais state).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This rare species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, as despite being recently collected in 2011, little is known about its distribution and preferred habitats, pending further collections to determine its actual conservation state (Vilela &amp; Guillermo-Ferreira 2021k). The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: posterior margin of upper plate straight (Fig. 63c), upper plate concave at its middle (Fig. 63d); ML apex squared (Figs. 63c–d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFBC91566AD7FBD7A882A30D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBD91556AD7FDBFA966A375.text	73444D3AFFBD91556AD7FDBFA966A375.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion tiradentense : Machado & Bede 2006	<div><p>Heteragrion tiradentense Machado &amp; Bedê, 2006</p> <p>(Figs. 64a–f)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 29 (27’)] Heteragrion tiradentense: Machado &amp; Bedê 2006: 4754 (description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀; compared with H. muryense, H. ovatum and H. petiense; figs. 1–5);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Souza et al. 2013: 1368 (list of species from Mata do Baú);— Lencioni 2013: 13–14 (synonymic list, types, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 24, 36d–f, 45d–f, 48c–d, 54, 64, 73);— Bedê et al. 2015: 121 (recorded to Serra de São José, Minas Gerais state);— Lencioni 2017: 159–160 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 82–83);—Ávila-Jr. et al. 2020: 128–129 (comparison with H. itacolomii; figs. 9a, e, i).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (HOLOTYPE) BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, Tiradentes, Libélulas da Serra de São Jose State Wildelife Refuge (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.1783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.1783/lat -21.1044)">Chafariz creek</a> at the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.1783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.1783/lat -21.1044)">Mãe</a> D’- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.1783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.1783/lat -21.1044)">Água forest</a>), 11.xi.1996, (-21.1044, -44.1783), L.C. Bede &amp; W. Piper leg., ABMM; 2♁♁ (PARATYPES) same data, but 1.xi.1999.</p> <p>Known distribution. Brazil (states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: upper plate very short, wider than long, roughly triangular, bearing small teeth on its border (Figs. 64d–f); ML apex acute (Fig. 64f).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFBD91556AD7FDBFA966A375	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBE91546AD7FD67A8F8A225.text	73444D3AFFBE91546AD7FD67A8F8A225.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion triangulare Hagen	<div><p>Heteragrion triangulare Hagen in Selys, 1862</p> <p>(Figs. 65a–d)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group A species, couplet 4 (3)] Heteragrion triangulare: Hagen in Selys 1862: 22–23 [20–21 reprint] (♀ description);— Selys 1886: 58–59 (description of ♁ and ♀ unsure if they are conspecific);— Calvert 1909: 112–114, Fig. 39 (description of ♁ and ♀, illustration of ♁ appendages in mediodorsal view);— Williamson 1919: (key to species, ♁ in couplet d1, ♀ in couplet c1; discussion on species, authorship and Selys’s 1886 descriptions, illustrations of ♁ and ♀ head and prothorax in dorsal view, ♁ appendages from Calvert 1909; figs. 17–18, 112, 137–138);—St. Quentin 1970: 259 (erroneously designates Vienna female as lectotype instead of holotype);— Lencioni 2005: 142 (data on description and distribution, illustration from Calvert, 1909; fig. 89a);—Machado 2006: 1068–1069 (differences from H. mantiqueirae and H. dorsale);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Storari et al. 2019: 488 (list of species);— Lencioni 2013: 14 (synonymic list, information on types, distribution, diagnosis; figs. 25, 34d–f, 35, 40d–g, 41, 47g –h, 55, 65, 75);— Lencioni 2017: 161–162 (general taxonomic information; distribution; figs. 84–85);— Dalzochio et al. 2018: 7 (list of species from Rio Grande do Sul).</p> <p>Heteragrion beschkii: Lencioni 2005: 128 (misidentification).</p> <p>Material examined. 2♁♁ BRAZIL, Mato Grosso state, Chapada dos Guimarães, Olho de Peixe, xi.1963, Werner &amp; Alvarenga leg., ABMM; 1 ♁ Goiás State, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.9738&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.0883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.9738/lat -15.0883)">Barro Alto</a>, 20.v.2009, (-15.0883, -48.9738), S.L. Dutra, N.S. Pinto, C.C. Nóbrega &amp; E. Santos leg., FAAL.</p> <p>Known distribution. Argentina and Brazil (states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul).</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The IUCN Red List currently classifies H. triangulare as Data Deficient. However, this assessment requires updating, as additional data on collections and taxonomy of this taxon have been added since its publication in 2009 (von Ellenrieder 2009c; Lencioni 2013). This species possesses a tubercle or apophysis on the ventral BP portion, a feature that is shared only with H. ictericum and H. pemon. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group A species: ML narrow, with squared apex (Fig. 65c), ridge slightly curved, small, bearing strong teeth (Fig. 65c–d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFBE91546AD7FD67A8F8A225	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFBF915B6AD7FCA1A85BA329.text	73444D3AFFBF915B6AD7FCA1A85BA329.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion tricellulare : Calvert 1901	<div><p>Heteragrion tricellulare Calvert, 1901</p> <p>(Figs. 66a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 22’] Heteragrion tricellulare: Calvert 1901: XX, 62–63 (key to species, couplet 1; description of ♁ and ♀; comparison with H. aequatoriale; plate V, fig. 5);— Williamson 1919: 33 (key to species, ♁ in couplet c1, ♀ in couplet a1; remarks, comparison with H. albifrons; figs. 34–36, 107, 150–151);— Paulson 1981: 303 (comparison of coloration patterns with other Heteragrion species);— Novelo-Gutiérrez 1987: 11–22 (description of F0 larvae);— Dunkle 1993: 355 (comparison with the ♀ of H. azulum);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Escoto-Moreno et al. 2017: 386 (record from Hidalgo state, Mexico);— Carrillo-Muñoz &amp; García-Miranda 2022: 196–203 (species list from Mexico).</p> <p>Material examined. 2♁♁ MEXICO, Chiapas, Trinitaria Santa Rosa, vi.1969, P. Hubbell leg., ABMM.</p> <p>Known distribution. Guatemala and Mexico.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The following character combination distinguishes this species from the remainder of Group B species: AP the longest cercus portion, slightly longer than BP (Fig. 66e); ridge above ML small, consisting of strong teeth (Figs. 66c–e); ML apex acute (Figs. 66c–e).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFBF915B6AD7FCA1A85BA329	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
73444D3AFFB0915A6AD7FD5BAFFFA3BD.text	73444D3AFFB0915A6AD7FD5BAFFFA3BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteragrion valgum : Donnelly 1992	<div><p>Heteragrion valgum Donnelly, 1992</p> <p>(Figs. 67a–e)</p> <p>[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 16’] Heteragrion valgum: Donnelly 1992: 56–57 (key to species, couplet 5; description and diagnosis of ♁ and ♀ from Panama; comparison with H. mitratum and H. erythrogastrum; figs. 5.3, 5.8, 5.10, 5.15);— Suhling 1999: 51 (recorded in El Valle, Panama);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— Molinar et al. 2015: 87 (list of species from Panama);— Stand-Pérez et al. 2019: 92–93, 110 (table of information; key to species, ♁ in couplet 14; remarks; figs. 6d, 11g –i, 20).</p> <p>Material examined. 1♁ (PARATYPE) PANAMA, Panama, Cerro Azul, 2.vii.1970, (ca. 700m asl), E.S. Morton leg., FAAL; 1♁ COLOMBIA, Chocó Department, Acandí Municipality, Vereda Rufino, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.3109&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5787" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.3109/lat 8.5787)">Quebrada Capitancito</a>, 10.xii.2005, (8.5787, -77.3109, 30m asl), C. Botero leg., UARC; 5♁♁ same data, but ANDES–E.</p> <p>Known distribution. Panama and Northwestern Colombia.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. This species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List, as it occurs at a limited number of localities and has been collected only once recently (González-Soriano &amp; Guzmán Ojeda 2021b). In cercus morphology, H. valgum is close to H. chrysops, H. eboratum, H. calendulum and H. alienum, with which it shares the MP ridge bearing only small teeth and not partially covering ML. This species can be separated from these and the remainder of Group B species by the following character combination: ridge above ML consisting of a patch of small denticles, not in a single row (Figs. 67d–e); ML apex acute (Figs. 67d–e).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73444D3AFFB0915A6AD7FD5BAFFFA3BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vilela, Diogo Silva;Lencioni, Frederico A. A.;Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.;Ware, Jessica L.;Bispo, Pitágoras C.	Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L., Bispo, Pitágoras C. (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key. Zootaxa 5356 (1): 1-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1
