taxonID	type	description	language	source
7AF03C334C355DF5A4258F4C7E58ACB2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Iran, Tehran Prov., Tehran, Lavasan, 28. ix. 2007, J. Buszko leg., Rosa, 2 mines, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, emerged 3. - 8. iii. 2008, genitalia Slide ♂ EvN 5296, RMNH. INS. 25296, RMNH, HMIM.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
7AF03C334C355DF5A4258F4C7E58ACB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy (including Sardinia), Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, N. Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Turkey, Caucasus, Turkmenistan, far eastern Russia (Primorskiy Kray), South Korea, Japan (Honshu) (Diskus and Puplesis 2003 a; Corley 2015; Aarvik et al. 2017; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017), and Iran (Nematollahi and Radjabi 2002).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
ED965DDA88EB5AECB481F2C56FE670A5.taxon	description	Fig. 10 B, D	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
ED965DDA88EB5AECB481F2C56FE670A5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Iran, Mazandaran Prov., Neka, 30. ix. 2007, J. Buszko leg., Prunus cerasifera, 1 mine, 1 ♂ emerged 23. ii. 2008, EvN 5295, RMNH. INS. 25295, RMNH; Tehran Prov., Tehran, Lavasan, 28. ix. 2007, J. Buszko leg., Prunus cerasifera, 2 mines, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, emerged 3. - 5. iii. 2008, HMIM.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
ED965DDA88EB5AECB481F2C56FE670A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, France (including Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Caucasus, Turkmenistan (Diskus and Puplesis 2003 a; Lastuvka and Lastuvka 2015; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
3C9713A869965C9EAEC1C6F7F2B59FE7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Iran, Mazandaran Prov., Vaz, 3. x. 2007, J. Buszko leg., Rubus, mines, rearing failed; Tehran Prov.: Tehran, Lavasan, 28. ix. 2007, J. Buszko leg., Rubus, mines, rearing failed.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
3C9713A869965C9EAEC1C6F7F2B59FE7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France (including Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (including Crete), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily), Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, N. Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; North Africa: Morocco; Asia: Turkey, Turkmenistan (Diskus and Puplesis 2003 a; Kocak and Kemal 2009; Zerafa 2009; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017), Iran (Amsel 1959, 1961; Mirzayans and Kalali 1970).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD.taxon	description	Description of immatures. Last instar larva (Fig. 4 A-I) pale yellowish green, with pale light-brown head, pronotal and anal plates slightly darker than body. Head flattened with almost 5 - 6 stemmata arranged linearly, two posterior ones with a relatively larger distance to the remaining ones (Fig. 4 C). Hairs and bristles distributed as in T. ekebladella (for comparisons with that species refer to Grandi 1929, 1931, 1933, which are virtual identical descriptions). Labrum (Fig. 4 G) rectangular, and trilobed distally, with the two lateral lobes protruded considerably beyond median one, and a pair of fronto-lateral bristles; lateral and sub-posterior elements and medial ones represented by very small hairs, barely visible at very strong magnification. Mandible (Fig. 4 F, H) sub-triangular, slightly longer than wide, tridentate apically with blunt tips; oral margin of mandible at proximal half with some setiform processes bent backwards and of different lengths (only visible under very large magnification). Maxillae (Fig. 4 I) as in T. ekebladella, with large laminar stems provided with two very minute placoid structures, its detailed structure hardly visible under available magnification. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 4 I) composed of three articles, decreasing in width towards the apex. Labium (Fig. 4 I) nearly as that of T. ekebladella, but bi-articulated labial palpi were hardly visible under the available maximum magnification. Antennae (Fig. 4 H) three-segmented, segment 1 sub-cylindrical, slightly less than twice as long as wide, segment 2 slightly longer than wide, slightly less than half length of segment 1; distally with a long bristle, bristles on antennal surface hardly distinguishable under available magnification. Thorax and abdomen. Nearly as in T. ekebladella; however, first thoracic segment not wider than other two (Fig. 4 A-E). In the examined larvae the 2 nd and 3 rd thoracic segments mostly with same width and length (although in some specimens segment 2 is slightly wider than 3), segment 1 always the shortest, its width slightly less than two remaining thoracic segments or occasionally with same width (Fig. 4 A-E). Abdominal segment 1 normally shorter than segments 2 - 6 (Fig. 4 A, B), but in some specimens segments 1 and 2 equal in length and shorter than segments 3 - 6 (Fig. 4 D). Abdominal segments 3 - 6 and sometimes 2 - 6 are usually the longest. Abdominal segment 1 usually slightly narrower than 2 - 6 or 3 - 6 (Fig. 4 A, B, D). Thoracic segments each with pair of very slightly sclerotized circular to elliptical plates on both dorsal and ventral surfaces towards the lateral sides (Figs 4 D, E, 5 A, B, F). The plates of the 2 nd and 3 rd tergites and sternites have nearly the same size and shape, and if elliptical positioned transversely. The plates of the 1 st tergite are elongate and somehow obliquely arranged to the longitudinal axis of the body (Figs 4 D, E, 5 A); while those of the 1 st sternite are sometimes irregularly shaped (Fig. 5 F). These plates usually have a less sclerotized centre and are hardly visible, but they can be observed after staining the abdomen (Figs 4 D, E, 5 A, B, F). Thoracic segments with single long bristle laterally, and pair of short bristles dorso-laterally (Fig. 5 B). Thoracic legs nearly pyramid-shaped or finger-shaped (Figs 4 D, E, 5 F), very short, bearing two microscopic internal hairs distally (Fig. 5 F). Abdominal tergites 1 - 8 with pair of long bristles on either side. Tergites 1 and 2 with two pairs of short bristles positioned rather medio-laterally, and nearly in a line (Fig. 5 C). Tergites 3 - 6 with two pairs of short bristles, which are not in the same line and positioned more laterally, and two pairs of nearly short, robust asymmetrical bristles internal to the lateral pairs, implanted on a common base or with bases completely confluent (Fig. 5 D, E). Tergites 7 and 8 each with a submedial hair. Tergite 8 with five pairs of long marginal hairs, and some serration towards the middle part. Four pairs of the prolegs on segments 3 - 6 atrophied, without any trace of crochets (Figs 4 D, 5 G), but with three hairs externally (Fig. 5 G). Last proleg provided with pair of linear series of crochets, which in specimens examined each contain between 20 - 24 elements. They are not in equal numbers normally (n = 3) (Fig. 5 H). For measurements of head capsule and body see Table 1. Pupa (Fig. 6 A-E) pale ochre to ochreous-brown, with brown scales at the dorsal surface of abdominal segments. The sex of the pupa can be easily recognised by shape of last abdominal segment (Fig. 6 D, E). In the female, the paired triangular processes at the end of last abdominal tergum are slightly larger and closer to each other than in the male (Fig. 6 D). Papillae anales of female genitalia usually visible. Female pupa slightly larger than male. Length of male pupa 3.70 - 4.40 mm (x = 4.06 mm + / - 0.17, n = 22); female pupa 3.50 - 5.1 mm (x = 4.28 mm + / - 0.43, n = 25).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Host plants: In Iran Quercus castaneifolia, Q. infectoria, Q. libani, Q. macranthera, and Q. robur (Fagaceae). In Peykan Shahr the percentage of infection in Q. robur was very high (Fig. 7 B-I), higher than in Q. infectoria (Fig. 8 A-C), and in the latter species it was higher than in Q. libani (Fig. 8 D, E). In Q. libani the infection rate was very low (one or two mines on each leaf) (Fig. 8 D). Mines from Georgia (one larva barcoded RMNH. INS. 31425) that most likely belong to this species, were found on Q. petraea subsp. polycarpa (Schur) Soo and Castanea sativa Mill. Based on the results of this study, T. caucasica has two generations per year in Tehran province. The eggs are white-grey in colour, deposited on the upper side of the leaf near the mid-rib or on larger lateral ribs. The mines consist of milky white upper-surface primary flat blotches, sometimes with orange hues, and like T. ekebladella, with no traces of preceding corridors (Figs 7 A-K, 8 A-E). As they get older, they turn very pale brown (Figs 7 A-H, 8 A-C). The cocoon was made nearly at the centre of each blotch (the so called nidus) and pupation took place within the mine. No frass was observed inside the mine (Figs 7 G, K, 8 B, C). Leafmines were observed in 2017 and 2018 from late May to the first half of December, when the blotches were very minute. The greatest number of the mines in the first generation appeared in the first half of June. Adults were observed in early to mid July, when the next generation would occur. In the first generation, many adults emerged and, as a result, the population density increased remarkably during the second generation. In November, during leaf fall, the last instar larvae were overwintering inside the blotches. Live larvae were observed, yet sedentary through a cut in the upper epidermis in winter at the height of the cold. They became active and pupated after the end of the cold weather period. Four larval instars were estimated by measuring the width of the head capsule of each larval instar and applying Dyar's law (Dyar 1890). Body length and head capsule width, min-max (mean + / - SE) in all larval instars, are shown in Table 1.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Georgia (Klasinski et al. 2020) and Iran (Tehran: Peykan Shahr; East Azarbaijan: Ainalou; Gilan: Molumeh; Mazandaran: Neka) (Fig. 9).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Iran, Tehran Prov., Tehran, Peykan Shahr, 35 ° 44 ' 27 " N, 51 ° 10 ' 50 " E, 1317 m, 33 ♂♂ 26 ♀♀, emerged 6, 9, 16, 19, 21, 23, 24. vi. 2018, 11 ♂♂ 23 ♀♀, emerged 3, 6, 7, 10, 13. vii. 2019 (first generation); 7 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, emerged 9. xii. 2018 (second generation), S. Farahani leg., all reared from Quercus robur (genitalia slides HA- 2375, HA- 2376, HA- 2377, HA- 2378, HA- 2379, HA- 2380, HMIM); Same locality, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, emerged 11. vi. 2016, genitalia slides EvN 5029 (♂), EvN 5030 (♀), specimens barcoded, RMNH. INS. 25029, RMNH. INS. 25030 (RMNH); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, not pinned, same data, RMNH. East Azarbaijan Prov., Arasbaran protected area, Asheghlou to Vayeghan Rd., near Ainalou, 38 ° 58 ' 4.3 " N, 46 ° 42 ' 27.6 " E, 513 m, 17. ix. 2008, J. Buszko leg., Quercus macranthera, 3 mines, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, emerged 16. - 26. iii. 2009, genitalia slide ♂ EvN 5287, RMNH. INS. 25287, RMNH, HMIM; Gilan Prov., Molumeh, 36 ° 51 ' 17.01 " N, 49 ° 55 ' 48.60 " E, 11. ix. 2008, J. Buszko leg., Quercus macranthera, 3 mines, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, emerged 17. iii. 2009, genitalia slide ♀ EvN 5291, RMNH. INS. 25291, RMNH, HMIM. Mazandaran Prov., Neka, 36 ° 30 ' 16.7 " N, 53 ° 23 ' 27 " E, 530 m, 30. ix. 2007, J. Buszko leg., Quercus castaneifolia, 4 mines, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, emerged 20. - 26. ii. 2008, genitalia slides ♂ EvN 5289, EvN 5290, RMNH. INS. 25289, RMNH. INS. 25290, RMNH, HMIM. Georgia, 1 ♂ Lesser Caucasus, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Borjomi, Kvabiskhevi, 8. vii. 2019, Leo Vahatalo, Anssi Vahatalo leg., LepiLED, genitalia slide EvN 5274, specimen barcoded, GBRD. 286, Research Collection of Anssi & Leo Vahatalo. Leafmines most likely belonging to T. caucasica: Adjara AR, Chakvistavi, 41 ° 40 ' 37 " N, 41 ° 52 ' 23 " E, 19. ix. 2018, M. V. Kozlov & V. Zverev, Castanea sativa, 7 mines, RMNH. INS. 48084 - 48085 (RMNH); Adjara AR, Chikuneti, 41 ° 34 ' 13 " N, 41 ° 51 ' 46 " E, 26. ix. 2018, M. V. Kozlov & V. Zverev, Quercus petraea subsp. polycarpa, 17 mines, RMNH. INS. 48093 - RMNH. INS. 48095; Adjara AR, Zeda Chkhutuneti, 41 ° 28 ' 57 " N, 41 ° 51 ' 46 " E, 23. ix. 2018, M. V. Kozlov & V. Zverev, Castanea sativa, 1 larva RMNH. INS. 31425 (barcoded), 5 mines, RMNH. INS. 48128 - 48129 (RMNH).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5.taxon	description	Fig. 10 A, C	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Iran, East Azarbaijan Prov., Kaleybar, 16. ix. 2008, J. Buszko leg., Quercus macranthera, 1 ♂, emerged 26. iii. 2009, genitalia slide EvN 5288, HMIM.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia (new record, BOLD, see Fig. 11), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Turkey, Caucasus (Diskus and Puplesis 2003 a; Gozmany 2012; Lastuvka and Lastuvka 2015; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
D8CBBEE455EA5B5B81CFBB595ADAD51F.taxon	description	Fig. 1 C, F, G	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
D8CBBEE455EA5B5B81CFBB595ADAD51F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Belgium, Namur, Nismes, Tienne Breumont, 50.07849 ° N, 4.5444 ° E, 200 m, larva 2. x. 1999, E. J. van Nieukerken & T. Jin leg., dry hill with limestone grassland, Quercus robur, 1 ♂ emerged 3. iv. 2000, RMNH. INS. 23623 (RMNH), genitalia slide EvN 3623; France, Var, St. Maximin-le-Ste. Beaume, Camping, 1 ♂, 13. vi. 1987, K. N. Nieuwland leg., RMNH. INS. 15431 (RMNH); Netherlands, Limburg, Sevenum, 1 ♀, 4. vi. 1983, G. R. Langohr leg., RMNH. INS. 15428 (RMNH); Netherlands, Limburg, Well, 1 ♂, 2. vi. 1983, G. R. Langohr leg., RMNH. INS. 15429 (RMNH); Netherlands, Noord-Holland, Oude Schuithuis, 1 ♂, 1. vii. 1981, J. C. Koster leg., RMNH. INS. 845174 (RMNH), slide only, genitalia slide JCK 752; Netherlands, Overijssel, Denekamp, Kanaal Almelo-Nordhorn, 1 ♀, 10. viii. 1984, J. C. Koster leg., RMNH. INS. 845695 (RMNH) slide only, genitalia slide JCK 1273; Netherlands, Overijssel, Diepenveen, Platvoet, W. Oord leg., 1 ♀, emerged 18. xii. 1982, RMNH. INS. 15430 (RMNH); Netherlands, Overijssel, Losser, De Tip, 1 ♀, 14. vii. 1981, J. C. Koster leg., RMNH. INS. 15432 (RMNH), genitalia slide JCK 0755, RMNH. INS. 845177.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
D8CBBEE455EA5B5B81CFBB595ADAD51F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (including Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (including Crete), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (including Sardinia), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Netherlands, N. Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Turkey (Diskus and Puplesis 2003 a; Kocak and Kemal 2009; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017). Former records of Caucasus (Diskus and Puplesis 2003 a) probably all refer to T. caucasica, this may be also (partly) true for the Turkish records.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
056B5B53FCDE5E9FB4C5803867FC2A09.taxon	description	Fig. 1 D	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
056B5B53FCDE5E9FB4C5803867FC2A09.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Spain, paratype, Hispania, Andalusia, Camino de Istan, ca 200 m, 1 ♂, 6. iv. 1984, E. Traugott-Olsen leg., ZMUC; Same data, 1 ♀, 9. iv. 1984, E. Traugott-Olsen leg., ZMUC, genitalia slides Diskus 032, Diskus 086.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
056B5B53FCDE5E9FB4C5803867FC2A09.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe: Portugal, Spain; Northern Africa: Tunisia (Diskus and Puplesis 2003 a).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
