identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7AF03C334C355DF5A4258F4C7E58ACB2.text	7AF03C334C355DF5A4258F4C7E58ACB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptotriche angusticollella (Duponchel 1843)	<div><p>Coptotriche angusticollella (Duponchel, [1843])</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Iran,  Tehrān Prov.,  Tehrān,  Lavāsān, 28.ix.2007, J. Buszko leg.,  Rosa, 2 mines, 1♂, 1♀, emerged 3.-8.iii.2008, genitalia Slide ♂ EvN5296, RMNH.INS.25296, RMNH, HMIM  .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy (including Sardinia), Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, N. Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Turkey, Caucasus, Turkmenistan, far eastern Russia (Primorskiy Kray), South Korea, Japan (Honshu) ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a; Corley 2015; Aarvik et al. 2017; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017), and Iran (Nematollahi and Radjabi 2002).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Rosa spp. (including  R. arvensis Huds,  R. canina L.,  R. x centifolia L.,  R. x damascena Mill.,  R. gallica L.,  R. indica L. (= borboniana N.H.F. Desp.),  R. luciae Franch. &amp; Rochebr (= wichuraiana  Crép .),  R. multiflora Thunb.,  R. pendulina L.,  R. rubiginosa L.,  R. rugosa Thunb.,  R. sempervirens L.,  R. tomentosa Sm.,  R. virginiana Herm.) ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a; Kobayashi et al. 2016; Ellis 2021).</p><p>Remark.</p><p>The species was earlier reported from Kashan on damask rose ( Rosa damascena) (Nematollahi and Radjabi 2002). The short description provided is confusing as they compare the moth and leafmine to a  Stigmella species (family  Nepticulidae) and also give a size of the moth that fits a  Stigmella better; we therefore doubt that this species was correctly identified. Our current record confirms the occurrence of this species in Iran. Recently  Coptotriche angusticollella was reported from damask rose in Turkey ( Demirözer et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7AF03C334C355DF5A4258F4C7E58ACB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Alipanah, Helen;Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Farahani, Samira;Buszko, Jaroslaw	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
ED965DDA88EB5AECB481F2C56FE670A5.text	ED965DDA88EB5AECB481F2C56FE670A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptotriche gaunacella (Duponchel 1843) New for Iran.	<div><p>Coptotriche gaunacella (Duponchel, 1843) New for Iran.</p><p>Fig. 10B, D</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Iran,  Māzandarān Prov.,  Nekā, 30.ix.2007, J. Buszko leg.,  Prunus cerasifera, 1 mine, 1 ♂ emerged 23.ii.2008, EvN5295, RMNH.INS.25295, RMNH ;   Tehrān Prov.,  Tehrān,  Lavāsān, 28.ix.2007, J. Buszko leg.,  Prunus cerasifera, 2 mines, 1♂, 1♀, emerged 3.-5.iii.2008, HMIM  .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, France (including Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Caucasus, Turkmenistan ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a;  Laštůvka and  Laštůvka 2015; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.,  P. cerasus L.,  P. domestica L.,  Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) Bonnier &amp; Layens,  P. microcarpa C. A. Mey.,  P. persica (L.) Stokes, and  P. spinosa L. ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a; Ellis 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED965DDA88EB5AECB481F2C56FE670A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Alipanah, Helen;Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Farahani, Samira;Buszko, Jaroslaw	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
3C9713A869965C9EAEC1C6F7F2B59FE7.text	3C9713A869965C9EAEC1C6F7F2B59FE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coptotriche marginea (Haworth 1828)	<div><p>Coptotriche marginea (Haworth, 1828)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Iran,  Māzandarān Prov.,  Vāz, 3.x.2007, J. Buszko leg.,  Rubus, mines, rearing failed ;   Tehrān Prov.:  Tehrān,  Lavāsān, 28.ix.2007, J. Buszko leg.,  Rubus, mines, rearing failed  .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France (including Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (including Crete), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily), Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, N. Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; North Africa: Morocco; Asia: Turkey, Turkmenistan ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a;  Koçak and Kemal 2009; Zerafa 2009; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017), Iran (Amsel 1959, 1961; Mirzayans and Kalali 1970).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Rubus caesius L.,  R. canescens DC.,  R. fruticosus L.,  R. grabowskii Weihe,  R. idaeus L.,  R. laciniatus Willd.,  R. macrophyllus Weihe &amp; Nees,  R. nemorosus Hayne,  R. pedunculosus D. Don,  R. plicatus Weihe et Nees,  R. saxatilis L.,  R. tomentosus Borkh.,  R. ulmifolius Schott ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a; Ellis 2021).</p><p>Remark.</p><p>Already Christoph (1873) reported this species from Golestan, from a specimen taken around oaks; its is therefore possible that he mistook a  Tischeria species. Later Mirzayans and Kalali (1970) recorded it from leafmines, and also our new records are based on the characteristic leafmines, as rearing failed, but confirmation by adults would still be required as several species feed on  Rubus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C9713A869965C9EAEC1C6F7F2B59FE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Alipanah, Helen;Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Farahani, Samira;Buszko, Jaroslaw	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD.text	4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tischeria caucasica Klasinski & Stonis 2020	<div><p>Tischeria caucasica 
Klasinski
&amp; Stonis, 2020</p><p>Diagnostic remarks.</p><p>Tischeria caucasica is very similar to  T. ekebladella (Fig. 1A-C). However, as stated by  Klasiński et al. (2020), males can easily be distinguished from  T. ekebladella and  T. ekebladoides Puplesis &amp; Diskus, 2003 by the unique, very long and distally bifurcate appendages of the juxta (Fig. 2A-H).</p><p>In the dissected males of  T. caucasica from Iran, there is some variation in the shape and length of the horn-like appendages of the juxta. Based on the results of this study, the apex of the longer pair of juxtal appendages is not always bifurcated. In some of the examined males, both appendages have bifurcated tips (Fig. 2A, F); while in some others the shorter one has simple and longer one has bifurcated tip (Fig. 2B, D, E). This has also been illustrated by  Klasiński et al. (2020: 15, figs 15, 21-23), although without any explanation of the variation. Moreover, as we revealed in this study, the longest appendage of the juxta if bifurcated apically, the two branches are either assymetrical or symmetrical (Fig. 2A, B, D, -F).</p><p>According to  Klasiński et al. (2020), the two very long horn-like processes of juxta are bent basally; however, as we discovered in this study, the shorter one is always bent at its distal two-thirds, but the longer process is usually curved internally (Fig. 2A-F). Additionally, the anterior tip of the triangular ventral plate of vinculum varies from narrow (Fig. 2A) to relatively wide (Fig. 2B, D).</p><p>In the genitalia of examined females, as described by  Klasiński et al. (2020), the antrum has a weakly sclerotized anterior margin with a unique membranous part, and the shortest prela has a wide base (Fig. 3A-D); however, the corpus bursae is not always heavily folded longitudinally (Fig. 3A).</p><p>No external difference between  T. caucasica and its closely related species was reported by  Klasiński et al. (2020). Based on the results of this study,  T. caucasica is close to both  T. ekebladella and  T. ekebladoides in wing pattern and size. However, there are a few differences between  T. caucasia and  T. ekebladella (Fig. 1A-C, E-G): 1)  T. caucasica has a partly less pointed hindwing compared with  T. ekebladella; 2) Fringes of the hindwing in  T. caucasica are slightly paler than in  T. ekebladella; 3) Ventro-apical fringes of forewing in  T. ekebladella are slightly darker than in  T. caucasica and 4) On the underside of the forewing, the costal area at the apex is slightly paler in  T. caucasica compared with that of  T. ekebladella .</p><p>Tischeria caucasica differs from  T. ekebladoides in the following external features (Fig. 1A, B, D): 1)  T. caucasica has a wider and less pointed hindwing compared with  T. ekebladoides; 2) The ground colour of the body and forewing in  T. caucasica are darker than in  T. ekebladoides; 3) In  T. ekebladoides the frontal tuft and collar area have scattered brown scales and 4) The forewing of  T. ekebladoides is slightly narrower than that of  T. caucasica .</p><p>Based on the results of this study, the female of Iranian  T. caucasica population has a slightly longer forewing than the male (Fig. 1A, B), with no significant difference between the two generations. Forewing length in the first generation was 3.5-4.6 mm (x = 4.11 mm  ± 0.26, n = 44) in the male and 3.6-4.9 mm (x = 4.37 mm  ± 0.26, n = 49) in the female. In the second generation it was 4.0-4.4 mm (x = 4.12 mm  ± 0.16, n = 8) in the male, and 4.0-4.7 mm (x = 4.31 mm  ± 0.25, n = 7) in the female.</p><p>Leafmines of  T. caucasica cannot be separated from those of  T. ekebladella . Moreover, the larvae of these two species are indistinguishable externally.</p><p>DNA Barcoding.</p><p>A Neighbor Joining tree is provided for barcodes of  T. caucasica and  T. ekebladella, together with barcodes of the other European species  T. dodonaea Stainton, 1858 and  T. decidua Wocke, 1876 (Fig. 11). Each species has its own BIN, and is recognizable by its DNA barcode, except the pair  T. caucasica and  T. ekebladella . Unfortunately no barcodes are available for  T. ekebladoides .</p><p>DNA barcodes of two Iranian specimens appeared to be identical to that of a Dutch specimen of  Tischeria ekebladella and fall within one BINBOLD:AAF8247, that includes also all other available  T. ekebladella barcodes. The barcode of a Georgian larva from leafmines examined by EvN (RMNH.INS.31425) groups with the Georgian adult of  T. caucasica (GBRD286), together as sister to all remaining  T. ekebladella and somewhat different from the Iranian  T. caucasica . Within BINBOLD:AAF8247 the average distance is 0.38% and the maximum distance is 1.93% (n = 54). The nearest neighbor is BOLD:ACU6278, representing the East Palearctic  Tischeria siorkionla Kozlov, 1986, with a distance of 8.01%.</p><p>Description of immatures.</p><p>Last instar larva (Fig. 4A-I) pale yellowish green, with pale light-brown head, pronotal and anal plates slightly darker than body. Head flattened with almost 5-6 stemmata arranged linearly, two posterior ones with a relatively larger distance to the remaining ones (Fig. 4C). Hairs and bristles distributed as in  T. ekebladella (for comparisons with that species refer to Grandi 1929, 1931, 1933, which are virtual identical descriptions).</p><p>Labrum (Fig. 4G) rectangular, and trilobed distally, with the two lateral lobes protruded considerably beyond median one, and a pair of fronto-lateral bristles; lateral and sub-posterior elements and medial ones represented by very small hairs, barely visible at very strong magnification. Mandible (Fig. 4F, H) sub-triangular, slightly longer than wide, tridentate apically with blunt tips; oral margin of mandible at proximal half with some setiform processes bent backwards and of different lengths (only visible under very large magnification). Maxillae (Fig. 4I) as in  T. ekebladella, with large laminar stems provided with two very minute placoid structures, its detailed structure hardly visible under available magnification. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 4I) composed of three articles, decreasing in width towards the apex. Labium (Fig. 4I) nearly as that of  T. ekebladella, but bi-articulated labial palpi were hardly visible under the available maximum magnification.</p><p>Antennae (Fig. 4H) three-segmented, segment 1 sub-cylindrical, slightly less than twice as long as wide, segment 2 slightly longer than wide, slightly less than half length of segment 1; distally with a long bristle, bristles on antennal surface hardly distinguishable under available magnification.</p><p>Thorax and abdomen. Nearly as in  T. ekebladella; however, first thoracic segment not wider than other two (Fig. 4A-E). In the examined larvae the 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments mostly with same width and length (although in some specimens segment 2 is slightly wider than 3), segment 1 always the shortest, its width slightly less than two remaining thoracic segments or occasionally with same width (Fig. 4A-E). Abdominal segment 1 normally shorter than segments 2-6 (Fig. 4A, B), but in some specimens segments 1 and 2 equal in length and shorter than segments 3-6 (Fig. 4D). Abdominal segments 3-6 and sometimes 2-6 are usually the longest. Abdominal segment 1 usually slightly narrower than 2-6 or 3-6 (Fig. 4A, B, D).</p><p>Thoracic segments each with pair of very slightly sclerotized circular to elliptical plates on both dorsal and ventral surfaces towards the lateral sides (Figs 4D, E, 5A, B, F). The plates of the 2nd and 3rd tergites and sternites have nearly the same size and shape, and if elliptical positioned transversely. The plates of the 1st tergite are elongate and somehow obliquely arranged to the longitudinal axis of the body (Figs 4D, E, 5A); while those of the 1st sternite are sometimes irregularly shaped (Fig. 5F). These plates usually have a less sclerotized centre and are hardly visible, but they can be observed after staining the abdomen (Figs 4D, E, 5A, B, F).</p><p>Thoracic segments with single long bristle laterally, and pair of short bristles dorso-laterally (Fig. 5B). Thoracic legs nearly pyramid-shaped or finger-shaped (Figs 4D, E, 5F), very short, bearing two microscopic internal hairs distally (Fig. 5F).</p><p>Abdominal tergites 1-8 with pair of long bristles on either side. Tergites 1 and 2 with two pairs of short bristles positioned rather medio-laterally, and nearly in a line (Fig. 5C). Tergites 3-6 with two pairs of short bristles, which are not in the same line and positioned more laterally, and two pairs of nearly short, robust asymmetrical bristles internal to the lateral pairs, implanted on a common base or with bases completely confluent (Fig. 5D, E). Tergites 7 and 8 each with a submedial hair. Tergite 8 with five pairs of long marginal hairs, and some serration towards the middle part. Four pairs of the prolegs on segments 3-6 atrophied, without any trace of crochets (Figs 4D, 5G), but with three hairs externally (Fig. 5G). Last proleg provided with pair of linear series of crochets, which in specimens examined each contain between 20-24 elements. They are not in equal numbers normally (n = 3) (Fig. 5H). For measurements of head capsule and body see Table 1.</p><p>Pupa (Fig. 6A-E) pale ochre to ochreous-brown, with brown scales at the dorsal surface of abdominal segments. The sex of the pupa can be easily recognised by shape of last abdominal segment (Fig. 6D, E). In the female, the paired triangular processes at the end of last abdominal tergum are slightly larger and closer to each other than in the male (Fig. 6D). Papillae anales of female genitalia usually visible. Female pupa slightly larger than male. Length of male pupa 3.70-4.40 mm (x = 4.06 mm  ± 0.17, n = 22); female pupa 3.50-5.1 mm (x = 4.28 mm  ± 0.43, n = 25).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Host plants: In Iran  Quercus castaneifolia,  Q. infectoria,  Q. libani,  Q. macranthera, and  Q. robur ( Fagaceae). In Peykan Shahr the percentage of infection in  Q. robur was very high (Fig. 7B-I), higher than in  Q. infectoria (Fig. 8A-C), and in the latter species it was higher than in  Q. libani (Fig. 8D, E). In  Q. libani the infection rate was very low (one or two mines on each leaf) (Fig. 8D). Mines from Georgia (one larva barcoded RMNH.INS.31425) that most likely belong to this species, were found on  Q. petraea subsp. polycarpa (Schur)  Soó and  Castanea sativa Mill.</p><p>Based on the results of this study,  T. caucasica has two generations per year in Tehran province. The eggs are white-grey in colour, deposited on the upper side of the leaf near the mid-rib or on larger lateral ribs. The mines consist of milky white upper-surface primary flat blotches, sometimes with orange hues, and like  T. ekebladella, with no traces of preceding corridors (Figs 7A-K, 8A-E). As they get older, they turn very pale brown (Figs 7A-H, 8A-C). The cocoon was made nearly at the centre of each blotch (the so called nidus) and pupation took place within the mine. No frass was observed inside the mine (Figs 7G, K, 8B, C).</p><p>Leafmines were observed in 2017 and 2018 from late May to the first half of December, when the blotches were very minute. The greatest number of the mines in the first generation appeared in the first half of June. Adults were observed in early to mid July, when the next generation would occur. In the first generation, many adults emerged and, as a result, the population density increased remarkably during the second generation. In November, during leaf fall, the last instar larvae were overwintering inside the blotches. Live larvae were observed, yet sedentary through a cut in the upper epidermis in winter at the height of the cold. They became active and pupated after the end of the cold weather period.</p><p>Four larval instars were estimated by measuring the width of the head capsule of each larval instar and applying  Dyar’s law (Dyar 1890). Body length and head capsule width, min-max (mean  ± SE) in all larval instars, are shown in Table 1.</p><p>Seasonal development.</p><p>In Tehran (Peykan Shahr) the activity period of  T. caucasica larvae started from the end of May and continued in two generations until the beginning of December. In the first generation during 2018, the 1st larval instar hatched late May (22nd) and feeding on leaf tissue within the mine. The first and second larval instars formed a short linear mine towards the leaf edge. Third instar larvae appeared at the end of May (27th), the last instar nearly at the first half of June (10th), and adults emerged from mid June (16th) to the 1st of July.</p><p>The number of mines per leaf varies; in some cases there are as many as 12 mines (Fig. 8C). The first larval instar of the second generation appeared at the end of August (30th) and the last instar on late September. They overwintered as 4th instar larvae and remained quiescent until pupation in late May to early June. According to the results of this study,  T. caucasica had a severe outbreak between 2017 to 2019, despite spraying the trees and destroying the fallen leaves. In 2020, the infection was considerably lower, and there was no trace of infection in the garden until May 2021.</p><p>Two species of parasitic wasps,  Brachymeria excarinata Gahan, 1925 (family  Chalcididae) and  Aprostocetus sp. (family  Eulophidae) emerged from the mines.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Georgia ( Klasiński et al. 2020) and Iran (Tehran: Peykan Shahr; East Azarbaijan: Ainalou; Gilan: Molumeh; Mazandaran: Neka) (Fig. 9).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Iran,  Tehrān Prov.,  Tehrān,  Peykan
Shahr
, 35°44'27"N, 51°10'50"E, 1317 m, 33 ♂♂ 26 ♀♀, emerged 6, 9, 16, 19, 21, 23, 24.vi.2018, 11 ♂♂ 23 ♀♀, emerged 3, 6, 7, 10, 13.vii.2019 (first generation); 7 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, emerged 9.xii.2018 (second generation),   S.  Farahāni leg., all reared from  Quercus robur (genitalia slides HA-2375, HA-2376, HA-2377, HA-2378, HA-2379, HA-2380, HMIM);  Same locality , 1 ♂, 1 ♀, emerged 11.vi.2016, genitalia slides EvN5029 (♂), EvN5030 (♀), specimens barcoded, RMNH.INS.25029, RMNH.INS.25030 (RMNH);  2♂, 1♀, not pinned, same data, RMNH .</p><p>East  Āzarbāijān Prov.,  Arasbārān protected area,  Āsheghlou to  Vāyeghān Rd., near  Āinalou, 38°58'4.3"N, 46°42'27.6"E, 513 m, 17.ix.2008, J. Buszko leg.,  Quercus macranthera, 3 mines, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, emerged 16.-26.iii.2009, genitalia slide ♂ EvN5287, RMNH.INS.25287, RMNH, HMIM;   Gilān Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.93017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.854725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.93017/lat 36.854725)">Molumeh</a>, 36°51'17.01"N, 49°55'48.60"E, 11.ix.2008, J. Buszko leg.,  Quercus macranthera, 3 mines, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, emerged 17.iii.2009, genitalia slide ♀ EvN5291, RMNH.INS.25291, RMNH, HMIM  .</p><p>Māzandarān Prov.,  Nekā, 36°30'16.7"N, 53°23'27"E, 530 m, 30.ix.2007, J. Buszko leg.,  Quercus castaneifolia, 4 mines, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, emerged 20.-26.ii.2008, genitalia slides ♂ EvN5289, EvN5290, RMNH.INS.25289, RMNH.INS.25290, RMNH, HMIM  .</p><p>Georgia, 1 ♂ Lesser Caucasus, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Borjomi,  Kvabiskhevi, 8.vii.2019, Leo Vahatalo, Anssi Vahatalo leg., LepiLED, genitalia slide EvN5274, specimen barcoded, GBRD.286,  Research Collection of Anssi &amp; Leo Vahatalo  .</p><p>Leafmines most likely belonging to  T. caucasica:   Adjara AR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.873055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.676945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.873055/lat 41.676945)">Chakvistavi</a>, 41°40'37"N, 41°52'23"E, 19.ix.2018, M.V. Kozlov &amp; V. Zverev,  Castanea sativa, 7 mines, RMNH.INS.48084-48085 (RMNH) ;   Adjara AR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.862778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.57028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.862778/lat 41.57028)">Chikuneti</a>, 41°34'13"N, 41°51'46"E, 26.ix.2018, M.V. Kozlov &amp; V. Zverev,  Quercus petraea subsp. polycarpa, 17 mines, RMNH.INS.48093- RMNH.INS.48095 ;   Adjara AR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.862778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.482502" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.862778/lat 41.482502)">Zeda Chkhutuneti</a>, 41°28'57"N, 41°51'46"E, 23.ix.2018, M.V. Kozlov &amp; V. Zverev,  Castanea sativa, 1 larva RMNH.INS.31425 (barcoded), 5 mines, RMNH.INS.48128-48129 (RMNH)  .</p><p>Material examined for comparison</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Alipanah, Helen;Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Farahani, Samira;Buszko, Jaroslaw	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5.text	5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tischeria dodonaea Stainton 1858	<div><p>Tischeria dodonaea Stainton, 1858 New for Iran</p><p>Fig. 10A, C</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Iran,  
East 
Azarbaijan
Prov.
, Kaleybar, 16.ix.2008, J. Buszko leg.,  Quercus macranthera, 1 ♂, emerged 26.iii.2009, genitalia slide EvN5288, HMIM  .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia (new record, BOLD, see Fig. 11), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Turkey, Caucasus ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a;  Gozmány 2012;  Laštůvka and  Laštůvka 2015; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Castanea sativa,  Quercus cerris,  Q. faginea,  Q. x hispanica,  Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis,  Q. petraea,  Q. pubescens,  Q. robur and  Q. rubra ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a; Ellis 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Alipanah, Helen;Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Farahani, Samira;Buszko, Jaroslaw	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
D8CBBEE455EA5B5B81CFBB595ADAD51F.text	D8CBBEE455EA5B5B81CFBB595ADAD51F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tischeria ekebladella (Bjerkander 1795)	<div><p>Tischeria ekebladella (Bjerkander, 1795)</p><p>Fig. 1C, F, G</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Belgium, Namur, Nismes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=4.5444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.07849" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 4.5444/lat 50.07849)">Tienne Breumont</a>, 50.07849°N, 4.5444°E, 200 m, larva 2.x.1999, E.J. van Nieukerken &amp; T. Jin leg., dry hill with limestone grassland,  Quercus robur, 1 ♂ emerged 3.iv.2000, RMNH.INS.23623 (RMNH), genitalia slide EvN3623 ;   France, Var, St. Maximin-le-Ste. Beaume,  Camping, 1 ♂, 13.vi.1987, K.N. Nieuwland leg., RMNH.INS.15431 (RMNH) ;   Netherlands, Limburg,  Sevenum, 1 ♀, 4.vi.1983, G.R. Langohr leg., RMNH.INS.15428 (RMNH) ;   Netherlands, Limburg,  Well, 1 ♂, 2.vi.1983, G.R. Langohr leg., RMNH.INS.15429 (RMNH) ;   Netherlands, Noord-Holland,  Oude Schuithuis, 1 ♂, 1.vii.1981, J.C. Koster leg., RMNH.INS.845174 (RMNH), slide only, genitalia slide JCK752 ;   Netherlands, Overijssel, Denekamp,  Kanaal Almelo-Nordhorn, 1 ♀, 10.viii.1984, J.C. Koster leg., RMNH.INS.845695 (RMNH) slide only, genitalia slide JCK1273 ;  Netherlands, Overijssel, Diepenveen, Platvoet, W. Oord leg., 1 ♀, emerged 18.xii.1982, RMNH.INS.15430 (RMNH);   Netherlands, Overijssel, Losser,  De Tip, 1 ♀, 14.vii.1981, J.C. Koster leg., RMNH.INS.15432 (RMNH), genitalia slide JCK0755, RMNH.INS.845177  .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (including Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (including Crete), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (including Sardinia), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Netherlands, N. Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Turkey ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a;  Koçak and Kemal 2009; Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017). Former records of Caucasus ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a) probably all refer to  T. caucasica, this may be also (partly) true for the Turkish records.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Castanea mollissima Blume,  C. sativa,  Quercus cerris L.,  Q. dalechampii Ten.,  Q. faginea Lam.,  Q. x hispanica Lam.,  Q. frainetto Ten.,  Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge &amp; Yalt.,  Q. macranthera,  Q. macrocarpa Michx.,  Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.,  Q. pubescens Willd.,  Q. robur,  Q. robur subsp. pedunculiflora (K.Koch) Menitsky,  Q. rubra L.,  Q. serrata Murray ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a; Ellis 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D8CBBEE455EA5B5B81CFBB595ADAD51F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Alipanah, Helen;Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Farahani, Samira;Buszko, Jaroslaw	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
056B5B53FCDE5E9FB4C5803867FC2A09.text	056B5B53FCDE5E9FB4C5803867FC2A09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tischeria ekebladoides Puplesis & Diskus 2003	<div><p>Tischeria ekebladoides Puplesis &amp; Diskus, 2003</p><p>Fig. 1D</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Spain, paratype, Hispania, Andalusia,  Camino de Istan, ca 200 m, 1 ♂, 6.iv.1984, E. Traugott-Olsen leg., ZMUC; Same data, 1 ♀, 9.iv.1984, E. Traugott-Olsen leg., ZMUC, genitalia slides  Diškus 032,  Diškus 086  .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Europe: Portugal, Spain; Northern Africa: Tunisia ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a).</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Quercus canariensis Willd. (= mirbeckii Durieu),  Q. suber L. ( Diškus and Puplesis 2003a).</p><p>Other  Tischeriidae from Iran</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/056B5B53FCDE5E9FB4C5803867FC2A09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Alipanah, Helen;Nieukerken, Erik J. van;Farahani, Samira;Buszko, Jaroslaw	Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira, Buszko, Jaroslaw (2022): Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation? Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 9-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043
