identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B40A87E5FFA7FF95ACBCCD7CFD99F7E7.text	B40A87E5FFA7FF95ACBCCD7CFD99F7E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astragalus pseudoanisacanthus A. Khan, A. Sultan & Zarre 2023	<div><p>Astragalus pseudoanisacanthus A.Khan, A.Sultan &amp; Zarre, sp. nov. (Figs. 1‒4)</p> <p>Holotype: Pakistan, D6, Balochistan, Zhob district, Ahmadzai Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.48758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.338333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.48758/lat 31.338333)">Babarh Kalay</a>, 31.33833312 N, 69.4875785 E, 2000‒2300 m a.s.l., 26 March 2022, Amjad Khan &amp; Kamran Ishaq 102516 (RAW!).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Astragalus pseudoanisacanthus is closely related to A. anisacanthus, but differs in having relatively shorter corolla (standard up to 12.5 mm versus 12‒18 mm), white corolla (versus corolla pinkish to purplish), legume semi-bilocular, 2‒4-seeded (versus legume unilocular, 1‒2-seeded) (Tab. 1).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Plant spiny shrub 25‒35 cm tall, mostly loosely branched at the base. Hairs white 0.2‒0.5 mm. Stem of the current year 8‒13 cm, 3‒6 mm thick; bark brownish, internode 4‒8 mm, tomentose, many branches arise from the base. Brachyblasts at the main stem densely tomentose and sometimes glabrescent with age. Stipule of the main stems white membranous, 1‒2-nerved, 4‒6 mm, basal 2.5‒4 mm adnate to petiole, free part 1.5‒2 mm, half embracing the stem, triangular, densely tomentose. Leaves of the main stems, 1.5–3 cm, obliquely to horizontally spreading; petiole 0.4–1.3 cm, in the young leaf sparsely subappressed hairy, rachis 0.8–1.7 cm, thin or rigid, terminal spine 1.5–5.5 mm. Leaflets in 3–4 (–5) pairs, basal leaflets longer, oblanceolate, 2.5–9.0 × 1.5–3.0 mm, the upper ones smaller and obovate, all shortly mucronulate to mucronate, with a cusp 0.2–0.5 mm, densely to sparsely pilose on both sides. Leaves of the brachyblasts 2‒5.5 cm, with a petiole 0.5–2.5 cm; leaflets in 3–5(–6) pairs, 1.5–7.5 × 1–3.5 mm, round to obovate, flat or sometimes oblanceolate, short mucronulate with a cusp 0.1–0.3 mm, densely covered on both sides with appressed or subappressed hairs upto 0.5–0.7 mm. Peduncle 1–3.0 cm sparsely covered with spreading hairs or sometimes subappressed hairs. Racemes 3–5 flowered, axis 12–33 mm. Bracts 1.5–3.0 × 0.5–2.0 mm, whitish membranous, ovate to lanceolate, acute, faintly 3-nerved, sparsely subappressed hairy. Pedicels 1.5–3.0 mm, pilose with spreading white hairs. Bracteoles 1–1.5 mm, white membranous, linear, densely pilose. Calyx at beginning of anthesis tubular, 5.5–9.5 mm long, 2.5–4.5 mm wide, yellowish green or cream coloured, at fruiting time becoming inflated or bladderyenlarged, more or less ellipsoid, 8.5–12 mm long, 6.5–9 mm wide, with 8–12 reticulately connected parallel nerves, densely subappressed pilose at anthesis later on loosely covered with subappressed to spreading hairs, calyx teeth subulate basally somewhat triangular, 2.0–3.0 mm, subequal, pilose with spreading hairs. Petals white, claws connate at the base with stamen tube. Vexillum 9–12.5 mm, blade obliquely recurved, 5–6.5 × 4.0– 4.5 mm, obovate, retuse or emarginate at the apex, cuneate, claw 6–7 mm. Wings 9–12 mm; blade narrowly oblong to elliptic or obtuse, often slightly emarginate, 4.5 × 1.5 mm, auricle 0.4–0.5 mm, claw 7.5–8.5 mm. Keel 9–10.5 mm; blade obliquely obovate-triangular, with widely to subrectangularly curved lower edge and slightly concave upper edge, subacute, 3.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, auricle short upto 0.2× 0.3 mm, claw 6–7.5 mm. Stamen tube 10–12 mm, truncate at the mouth, apically curved, free part of filaments alternate short (ca. 3 mm) and long (3.5 mm). Ovary with a 0.9–1.2 mm stipe, narrowly ellipsoid, densely subappressed hairy with short white hair, style glabrous, often sparsely pilose at the base. Legume with a 1–1.5 mm stipe, 6–8 mm long, 2–3 mm high and 3–4.5 wide, coriaceous-papery, ellipsoid, with a beak 1–1.5 mm; partially bilocular; valves cream-coloured, covered with subappressed white hair upto 0.5 mm. Seeds 2–4, 1.5– 2.5 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, triangular reniform, light brown, granulate.</p> <p>Etymology: The species epithet refers to its similarity in general appearance to its closely allied species, i.e. A. anisacanthus.</p> <p>Phenology: Flowering from March to April and fruiting from April to May.</p> <p>Geographical distribution</p> <p>Based on current known distribution A. pseudoanisacanthus is endemic to Balochistan. It is only known from one population in the type locality, growing along dry slopes of Ahmadzai Mountain near Babarh village in Zhob district (Fig. 5). Phytogeographically most species of Astragalus sect. Poterion are confined to the Irano-Turanian region. Iran is regarded as center of diversity for this section with 9 out of 12 species (75 %), of which four species are exclusively endemic to the country.</p> <p>Ecology</p> <p>Astragalus pseudoanisacanthus inhabits mixed community comprising Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. &amp; G.Don) Ciferri (1942: 96) and Pistacia atlantica Desfontaines (1799: 364), along mountain slopes and tracks, at an elevation of 2000‒2300 m a.s.l. The other associated taxa include Nepeta praetervisa Rechinger (1979: 8), Salvia santolinifolia Boissier (1844: 13), Cousinia haeckeliae Bornm ̧ller in Friedrich (1938: 40), Astragalus stocksii Bentham ex Bunge (1868: 6), Astragalus hostilis Boissier (1872: 306), Ebenus stellata Boissier (1843: 100), Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (1852: 685), Sophora mollis (Royle) Graham ex Baker (1878: 251), Jurinea berardioides (Boiss.) Hoffmann in Engler &amp; Prantl (1893: 321), Pteropyrum aucheri Jaubert &amp; Spach (1844: 8), Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight ex Hooker (1884: 324), Acantholimon lycopodioides (Girard) Boissier (1848: 632), and Aristida cyanantha Steudel (1854: 141).</p> <p>Conservation status</p> <p>Astragalus pseudoanisacanthus is endemic to Balochistan and is currently known only from a single collection from the type locality. Its habitat is affected by intense anthropogenic activities like heavy grazing by livestock especially, sheep and goats. Local inhabitants uprooted the plants for consumption as firewood. Other threats include road constructions, land sliding and soil erosion due to intense floods. Given the small population size A. pseudoanisacanthus is considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild and is provisionally assessed as critically endangered, CR B1ab (i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v), according to the IUCN (2022) red listing system, as similar cases in different genera and families on various continents have often been attributed to the same threat category (e.g. Perrino &amp; Calabrese 2018; Wagensommer &amp; Venanzoni 2021; Ngoc et al. 2022; Zhigila &amp; Muasya 2022), further explorations in the area are recommended, to determine its population size and to better evaluate the conservation status, as already suggested in research works with a scientific approach on plant species at risk of extinction (e.g. Perrino 2011; Ren et al. 2012; Perrino et al. 2013; Walsh et al. 2019).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B40A87E5FFA7FF95ACBCCD7CFD99F7E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Khan, Amjad;Sultan, Amir;Zarre, Shahin;Ishaq, Kamran	Khan, Amjad, Sultan, Amir, Zarre, Shahin, Ishaq, Kamran (2023): Astragalus pseudoanisacanthus, a new species of section Poterion from northern Balochistan (Pakistan). Phytotaxa 622 (4): 236-251, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.622.4.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.622.4.1/51258
B40A87E5FFAEFF9AACBCC9D2FA0EF80F.text	B40A87E5FFAEFF9AACBCC9D2FA0EF80F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astragalus (sect. Poterion) Bunge 1868	<div><p>Key to species of Astragalus sect. Poterion Bunge</p> <p>1a. Claws of the wings and keel are only attached basally to the staminal tube......................................................................................2</p> <p>1b. Claws of the wings and keel attached to the staminal tube for 1/2–3/4 of its length.........................................................................8</p> <p>2a. Stipule amplexicaul, connate throughout almost to the apex, shortly bilobed.................................. A. pachyrhachis Širj. &amp; Rech.f.</p> <p>2b. Stipules not amplexicaul or amplexicaul, free from each other.........................................................................................................3</p> <p>3a................................................... Calyx longitudinally 8–12-nerved, its sinuses glabrous …………...............................…………. 4</p> <p>3b. Calyx longitudinally (12–)14–40-nerved, its sinuses pilose..............................................................................................................5</p> <p>4a. Corolla pinkish to purplish, vexillum, 12–18 × 5.5–9 mm, legume 4–7 × (2.5–) 3–5 mm, ovate, unilocular, 1–2-seeded.......................................................................................................................................................................................... A. anisacanthus Boiss.</p> <p>4b. Corolla white, vexillum, 12–12.5 × 4–4.5 mm, legume 6–8 × 3‒4.5 mm, broadly ellipsoid, partially bilocular, 2–4 seeded...................................................................................................................................... A. pseudoanisacanthus A. Khan, A. Sultan &amp; Zarre</p> <p>5a. Calyx longitudinally (12–) 15–25-nerved..........................................................................................................................................6</p> <p>5b. Calyx longitudinally 30–40-nerved....................................................................................................................................................7</p> <p>6a. Calyx 8–13 mm long, fruiting calyx 10–14 mm long and 5–9 mm wide, narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, slightly pink-suffused, teeth 1.5–3 mm long (in subsp. angustifolius even longer........................................................................................... A. calliphysa Bunge</p> <p>6b. Calyx 10–15 mm long, fruiting calyx (13–) 15–20 mm long and 8–12 mm wide, broadly ovoid-ellipsoid to almost globose, often red, teeth 3–5 mm long............................................................................................................... A. porphyrophysa Bornm. &amp; Gauba</p> <p>7a. Inflorescences 1–2-flowered. Limb of the wings not expanded towards the apex. Limb of the keel oblong, 2–2.5-fold longer than wide. Style pilose only in the basal third. Legume laterally compressed............................................. A. spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl.</p> <p>7b. Inflorescences 2–5-flowered. Limb of the wings are often expanded towards the tip. Limb of the keel obovate-triangular, less than twice as long as it is wide. The style pilose for 1/2 to 4/5 of its length. Legume dorsally compressed........ A. glaucacanthus Fisch.</p> <p>8a. Stipules 3–8 mm long, amplexicaul, internodes equal in length or slightly shorter than stipules, stipules sparsely hairy or ciliate only along the margins.......................................................................................................................................................................9</p> <p>8b. Stipules 1–3 (–4) mm long, semi-amplexicaul, internodes distinctly shorter, densely hairy in the first year..................................10</p> <p>9a. Leaflets 4–6-pairs on the main stem, narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, upto 3.5 mm wide. Calyx sinuses narrow, densely pilose............................................................................................................................................................. A. russellii Banks &amp; Sol.</p> <p>9b. Leaflets 2–4 (–5)-pairs on the main stem, obovate to widely cuneate-obovate or elliptic to orbicular, 3–8 mm wide. Calyx sinuses wide, sparsely pilose or glabrous........................................................................................................................... A. bruguieri Boiss.</p> <p>10a. Ovary and legume glabrous................................................................................................................................. A. baba-alliar Parsa</p> <p>10b. Ovary and legume pilose..................................................................................................................................................................11</p> <p>11a. Calyx equally covered with short appressed hairs. In leaves with 2-pairs of leaflets, the lower pair of leaflets inserted in the middle of the rachis, the upper pair inserted close to the apex of the rachis................................................................... A. baba-alliar Parsa</p> <p>11b. Calyx glabrous or irregularly and sparsely covered with short appressed hairs. In leaves with 2-pairs of leaflets, both pairs inserted in the lower half of the rachis......................................................................................................................... A. fasciculifolius Boiss.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B40A87E5FFAEFF9AACBCC9D2FA0EF80F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Khan, Amjad;Sultan, Amir;Zarre, Shahin;Ishaq, Kamran	Khan, Amjad, Sultan, Amir, Zarre, Shahin, Ishaq, Kamran (2023): Astragalus pseudoanisacanthus, a new species of section Poterion from northern Balochistan (Pakistan). Phytotaxa 622 (4): 236-251, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.622.4.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.622.4.1/51258
