taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C28793703D5B1EFCF1F9FC1938F9C4.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 A 1, 3, 5 A 1, 6 A 1, 7 A 1)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C28793703B5B18FC72FA29192BF9B8.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 A 2, 3, 4, 5 A 2, 6 A 2, 7 A 2)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C2879370275B04FC63F9051928F8AD.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 A 3, 3, 4, 5 A 3, 6 A 3, 7 A 3)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C2879370245B07FCFEF9051904F8AD.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 B 2, 3, 5 B 2, 6 B 2, 7 B 2)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C2879370245B07FF5FFF0E1E6EFF52.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 B 1, 3, 5 B 1, 6 B 1, 7 B 1)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C2879370215B03FC55FE051E33FD83.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Giant gecko with SVL above 100 mm [maximum SVL 155 mm (Bocage, 1896), 103.6 mm on average; (Schleich, 1987)]; eye / ear opening ratio 1.5 – 2.0 (Schleich, 1987); ear – eye / eye – snout distance ratio slightly ³ 1 (Schleich, 1984, 1987). Eight to 12 supralabials and seven to nine infralabials (Schleich, 1984); eight to 12 enlarged lamellae under the 4 th finger; 160 – 195 midbody scales (Joger, 1984 b); flatter apical dorsal tubercles (Fig. 5 D 1) with 16 transverse rows (Schleich, 1984); several enlarged tubercles between the eye and the ear opening. Grey dorsal or olive greyish pattern with a broad, light well-defined middorsal line with generally five large saddle-like marks (Figs 6 D 1, 7 D 1); cream ventral parts, yellow on the lower parts; big dark spots on the labials, creating an alternating light and dark pattern; eye iris dark grey with a typical vertical light area around the pupil, joining the upper and lower parts of the eye which are also light. It differs from other Tarentola from the same clade D, T. ‘ rudis ’ from Santiago, Fogo, Brava, Rombos, and Maio, besides from its size, by the absence of a keel on dorsal tubercles. Unlike all other Cape Verdean Tarentola, strong vocalisations play a clear role in social behaviour (Schleich, 1982 b, 1987). This species avoids vertical surfaces presumably due to its weight, and presents a robust body with typical extreme fat storage (Schleich, 1987). Distribution: Raso and Branco Islets, Cape Verde. Genetic and phylogeographic remarks: Tarentola gigas is monophyletic in the mtDNA tree from Figure 2. Genetic divergence with other taxa within clade D is higher than among taxa within clade B, although lower than among members of clade A: D 1 – D 2, D 1 – D 3, D 1 – D 4, D 1 – D 5, and D 1 – D 6 p- dist (cyt b) = 2.4 ± 0.8, 2.8 ± 0.9, 2.6 ± 0.9, 2.8 ± 0.9, and 3.9 ± 1.0 %, respectively (Table 5). Most of the Snn test values for PDC, ACM 4, and MC 1 R are not significant among this clade (Appendix 5). According to the presently selected protocol of integration (IPC), a minimum of two lines of evidence differentiate T. gigas from all the other Tarentola from Cape Verde except T. protogigas from which it differs only in morphology (Fig. 2). Consequently, it is considered a different species, although not fulfilling the rule in respect to T. protogigas, due to several ecological, behavioural and geographical differences (see Discussion). The two subspecies, T. g. gigas and T. g. brancoensis, are not reciprocally monophyletic (Fig. 2) and the level of genetic divergence is very low, p- dist (cyt b) = 0.2 ± 0.2 % (data not shown). Only one of the three lines of evidence (morphology) differentiates the two island populations. Consequently, according to the IPC protocol, these are considered distinct subspecies (Figs 2, 3 and Appendix 3).	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C2879370205B03FF06FDA91E93FD39.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 D 1, 3, 5 D 1, 6 D 1, 7 D 1)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C2879370205B0CFCF8FCF51EE8FC9F.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 D 1, 3, 5 D 1, 6 D 1, 7 D 1)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C2879370205B0CFCF8FCF51EE8FC9F.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material and references: Schleich (1980: 147) refers to ZSMH 362 / 1978 (unknown islet); Joger (1984 b: 100) to BMNH 1946.8.25.79 - 80 (Branco islet); Schleich (1987: 49) to ZSM 01.362 / 78; 02. - 06.362 / 78, 01. - 12.19 / 82 (Branco Islet); Frazen & Glaw (2007: 220) to ZSM 362 / 1978 / 1 (female, Branco Islet, given as ZSM 01.362 / 78 in the original description), ZSM 362 / 1978 / 2 - 8 (five adults, two juveniles, same data, given as ZSM 02. - 06.362 / 78 in the original description), ZSM 19 / 1982 / 1 - 7 (seven individuals, same data, given as ZSM 01. - 12.19 / 82 in the original description). Diagnosis: Giant gecko with SVL above 100 mm [maximum SVL 113 mm, 98.0 mm on average (Schleich, 1987)]. It differs from T. g. gigas by its smaller body mass, by the ratio between the width and length of the fourth toe being generally higher than 1: 5, by presenting a lower scale count around midbody (160 – 195 versus 180 – 213) and a shorter snout (Schleich, 1984; Joger, 1984 b). Distribution: Branco Islet, Cape Verde. Genetic and phylogeographic remarks: See T. gigas, above. Conservation status: Listed as Endangered and so in need of urgent protection under the criteria of the First Red List of Cape Verde (Schleich, 1996). The Cape Verde authorities later considered the status of this population as Endangered (Anonymous, 2002).	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C28793702F5B0CFF7DFCA21E87FC0E.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 D 2, 3, 5 D 2, 6 D 2, 7 D 2)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C28793702E5B0DFF11FCEA197DFAFD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Medium to large-sized gecko [maximum SVL 98.5 mm (Schleich, 1987); 71.9 mm on average, see Appendix 2]; eye / ear opening ratio averages 1.69; ear – eye / eye – snout distance ratio averages 0.75. Eight to 12 supralabials; seven to nine infralabials; ten to 13 enlarged lamellae under the 4 th finger; 144 – 181 midbody scales (Joger, 1984 b); conical to apical prominent dorsal tubercles with a narrow central keel (Fig. 5 D 4), especially on the sacral region, with 12 – 15 transverse rows and 15 – 21 longitudinal rows; several enlarged tubercles between the eye and the ear opening. Grey, brownish to yellowish dorsal pattern with a series of four (sometimes five) light middorsal patches, each preceded by a more indistinct and lighter W-shaped dark mark, usually connected by a light middorsal line (Figs 6 D 3 – 5 and 7 D 3 – 5); goldenyellowish grey ventral parts; dark spots on the labials, sometimes creating an alternating light and dark pattern; eye iris grey with an indistinct broad horizontal dark area. It differs from T. bocagei, T. fogoensis, T. darwini, T. substituta, T. raziana, T. caboverdiana, and T. nicolauensis by having prominent conical dorsal tubercles, enlarged tubercles between the eye and ear opening and a different dorsal pattern (Fig. 6), and from T. gigas by the presence of a narrow wellmarked central keel, especially on the sacral region. It also differs from T. gigas by having important morphological, bioacustical, ecological, and behavioural differences. It differs from T. boavistensis, T. rudis, and Tarentola from Maio by its yellower ventral coloration. It also differs from T. rudis by a higher number of scales around midbody and interorbital scales [18 – 21 versus 16 – 19 (Joger, 1984 b)], by having four to five more indistinct and lighter W-shaped dorsal bands (Fig. 6), fader spots on the labials and less contrasted eye iris coloration (Fig. 7). It differs from Tarentola from Maio by a higher number of scales and lamellae under the fifth toe [22 – 26 versus 19 – 21, rarely 22 (Joger, 1984 b)] and interorbital scales [19 – 21 versus 16 – 18 (Joger, 1984 b)]. Distribution: The southern islands of Fogo, Brava, and Rombos Islets, Cape Verde. Genetic and phylogeographical remarks: Tarentola protogigas is monophyletic (Fig. 2) and presents a considerable level of genetic divergence from other sister taxa from clade D, as T. gigas, T. rudis, and Tarentola from Maio: D 3 – D 1, D 3 – D 2, and D 3 – D 6 p- dist (cyt b) = 2.5 ± 1.2, 2.6 ± 0.9, and 5.3 ± 1.2 %, respectively (Table 5). The population from Fogo presents a considerable level of genetic divergence with the populations from Brava and Rombos: D 3 – D 4 and D 3 – D 5 p- dist (cyt b) = 2.1 ± 0.8 and 2.3 ± 0.8 %, respectively. However, the Snn test values for PDC, ACM 4, and MC 1 R are not significant between T. protogigas from Fogo versus Brava and Rombos (Appendix 5). The population from Brava presents very low values of genetic divergence with the population from Rombos: D 4 – D 5 p- dist (cyt b) = 0.4 ± 0.3 %. Therefore, only one of the three lines of evidence (morphology) differentiates the population of Fogo from Brava and Rombos. Consequently, according to the IPC protocol, T. p. protogigas and T. p. hartogi comb. nov. are considered only distinct subspecies (Fig. 2). The lack of differentiation in at least two of the three lines of evidence precludes any further differentiation between the island populations from Brava and Rombos. TARENTOLA PROTOGIGAS PROTOGIGAS JOGER,	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
03C28793702D5B0EFCF0F905193DF8AD.taxon	description	(FIGS 1, 2 D 6, 3, 5 D 6, 6 D 6, 7 D 6)	en	Vasconcelos, Raquel, Perera, Ana, Geniez, Philippe, Harris, D. James, Carranza, Salvador (2012): An integrative taxonomic revision of the Tarentola geckos (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) of the Cape Verde Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 328-360, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00768.x
