taxonID	type	description	language	source
038296595833FF8CFCE09336FA6B5008.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The generic name is derived from the Greek ‘ Uran ’ (fornical) and the genus ‘ Rhagio ’ (rhagionid fly). Type species: Uranorhagio daohugouensis sp. nov. Included species: The type species only. Diagnosis: Body stout. Hind femur robust, strongly swollen at apical part, hind tibia with two spurs; empodium pulvilliform. Vein R 2 + 3 distinctly strong	en	Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2010): An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 563-572, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x
038296595833FF8CFCDB9413FBF05293.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Uranorhagio gen. nov. Diagnosis: Body stout. Head round. Mesonotum slightly convex. Hind tibia with spur (s), empodia pulvilliform. Wing slender relative to body. Veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond the middle of the wing; veins R 1 and Rs 1 long, vein R 2 + 3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base, vein R 5 ending at (or beyond) wing apex; veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating, distal of crossvein m – m; cell sc wide open; cell r 4 slender; five posterior cells present and wide open, cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow, alula unconspicuous. Stratigraphic and geographic range: The Middle Jurassic, China. Remarks: Uranorhagionidae fam. nov. is considered to be a member of the lower Orthorrhapha, because of the stout body, the presence of tibia spur (s), and pulvilliform empodia. Contrasting with other families of lower Orthorrhapha, this new family is somewhat similar to the Rhagionidae family. However, we cannot put these specimens in any known families, because of their special and unique wing venation. Therefore, we erect a new family in superfamily Tabanoidea for them. We can differentiate Uranorhagionidae fam. nov. from Rhagionidae by the following characters: veins Sc and R 1 long; vein R 2 + 3 fornical at base; vein CuA 2 short; cell d extending to near the wing margin (in Uranorhagio gen. nov.); hind femur swollen at apex; and nine abdominal segments. Also, this family is superficially similar to the Rhagionemestriidae family (especially for Iberomosca). But, we can easily separate the new family from Iberomosca by the following features: vein Rs 1 extends much longer than vein Rs 2; vein R 2 + 3 is fornical at the base; cell br is longer than cell bm; the cell cup is open at the wing margin; and there is no distinct diagonal vein.	en	Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2010): An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 563-572, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x
038296595830FF8EFF19939AFE325100.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name refers to the type locality: Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. Diagnosis: The same as Uranorhagio gen. nov. Holotype: CNU-DIB-NN 2007016, an almost complete adult body with a wing in lateral view. Paratype: CNU-DIB-NN 2007017, an almost complete adult body with a wing in lateral view. Type locality and horizon: Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian – Bajocian). Description: Body length, 18.0 – 21.7 mm; wing length, 13.5 – 18.0 mm; wing width, 4.2 – 5.7 mm. Body stout. Head round, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia visible clearly. Mesonotum slightly convex. Legs pubescent. Femora and tibiae of fore and mid-legs slender; fore tibia with a spur; hind femur robust, strongly swollen at apical part, hind tibia with two spurs; first tarsomere distinctly longer than following tarsomeres, empodium pulvilliform. Wing hyaline, slender relative to body; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2 + 3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; veins R 2 + 3, R 4, and R 5 straight and parallel with each other (except for bases of veins R 2 + 3 and R 4); beginning of vein R 4 proximal to apex of cell d; vein R 5 ending at wing apex. Crossvein r – m at basal 3 / 7 of cell d, distal to beginning of vein R 2 + 3; relative length of veins Rs 1, Rs 2, and Rs 3 about 3.5: 1: 2.5 to 4.5: 1: 4. Veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal of crossvein m – m, with base of vein M 1 curved upwards; vein M 3 short. Vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm. Anal lobe with several veins (or just some creases of wing). Mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide; mouths of cells r 2 + 3 and r 4 distinctly narrower; cell r 4 much narrower. Cell bm slightly wider than cell br; cell d large, nearby wing margin, curved quadrangle. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouths of cells m 1 and m 2 subequal in length; mouth of cell m 3 narrow, about 1 / 5 – 1 / 2 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow. Abdomen robust, pubescent. Nine segments visible; segment I evidently shortest.	en	Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2010): An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 563-572, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x
038296595831FF89FE809384FF3554C2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The generic name is derived from the Greek ‘ S tren ’ (stout) and the genus ‘ Rhagio ’ (rhagionid fly). Type species: Strenorhagio deviatus sp. nov. Included species: Strenorhagio deviatus sp. nov., S. grimaldi sp. nov., S. asymmetricus sp. nov., and S. conjugovenius sp. nov. Diagnosis: Body stout. Vein R 2 + 3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; crossvein r – m at basal third of cell d, proximal to or coalesced with beginning of vein R 2 + 3, beginning of vein R 4 distal to apex of cell d; all branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m – m; vein CuP present; cell r 4 wider than in Uranorhagio gen. nov.; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Distribution: The genus is known only from China, and is currently represented by four species. Remarks: We treat Strenorhagio gen. nov. as the second genus of family Uranorhagionidae fam. nov., because it has the following characters: body stout; hind tibia with a spur; veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2 + 3 strongly bent upwards at base; veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m – m; five posterior cells present and wide open, etc. However, we can easily separate it from Uranorhagio gen. nov. by the following features: vein R 4 beginning distal to apex of cell d; crossvein r – m at basal third of cell d, proximal to or coalesced with beginning of vein R 2 + 3; all branches of vein M long; cell r 4 wider than that in Uranorhagio gen. nov.; cell d slender, far from wing margin. In Uranorhagio gen. nov., vein R 4 begins proximal to the apex of cell d, crossvein r – m is located at the basal 3 / 7 of cell d, distal to the beginning of vein R 2 + 3; at least vein M 3 is short; cell r 4 is much narrower.	en	Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2010): An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 563-572, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x
038296595836FF89FF1C96FFFCB45140.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name refers to the Latin ‘ d eviatus ’ (abnormal), because of the abnormal position of crossvein r – m. Diagnosis: Hind femur and tibia slender. Crossvein r – m far proximal to beginning of vein R 2 + 3; basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 longer than crossvein m – m; vein CuA 1 arising from infall of cells bm and d; mouth of cell sc slightly wider than that of cell r 1; mouth of cell m 1 much narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 subequal to that of cell m 1 in width. Holotype: CNU-DIB-NN 2007018, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view. Type locality and horizon: Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian – Bajocian). Description: Body length, 14.8 mm; wing length, 11.0 mm; wing width, 3.3 mm. Body stout. Head elliptical, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, with upper area composed of larger facets. Legs pubescent. Hind femur and tibia slender; first tarsomere distinctly longer and wider than following tarsomeres. Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2 + 3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending at wing apex. Crossvein r – m at basal third of cell d, far proximal to beginning of vein R 2 + 3; relative lengths of veins Rs 1, Rs 2 and Rs 3 about 9.5: 1: 8.5. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m – m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 longer than crossvein m – m. Vein CuA 1 arising from infall of cells bm and d; veins CuP and A 2 present. Mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide; mouths of cells r 2 + 3 and r 4 distinctly narrow. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouth of cell m 1 much narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 subequal to that of cell m 1 in width, about 1 / 2 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow. Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Eight segments visible; segment I evidently shortest. Remarks: See remarks for Strenorhagio grimaldi sp. nov.	en	Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2010): An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 563-572, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x
038296595836FF88FCDD9372FC275317.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is dedicated to the eminent American palaeoentomologist: David Grimaldi. Diagnosis: Hind femur and tibia slender. Crossvein r – m far proximal to beginning of vein R 2 + 3; basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 distinctly shorter than crossvein m – m; vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m – cu short; mouths of cells sc and r 1 subequal in width; mouth of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 narrower than that of cell m 1. Holotype: Part and counterpart of CNU-DIB- NN 2007019 P, and CNU-DIB-NN 2007019 C, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view. Type locality and horizon: Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian – Bajocian). Description: Body length, 17.0 mm; wing length, 13.7 mm; wing width, 4.2 mm. Body stout. Head round, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, with upper area composed of large facets. Hind legs pubescent, femur and tibia slender. Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2 + 3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending slightly beyond wing apex. Crossvein r – m at basal third of cell d, proximal to beginning of vein R 2 + 3; relative lengths of veins Rs 1, Rs 2 and Rs 3 about 6: 1: 4.5. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m – m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 shorter than crossvein m – m. Vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m – cu short; vein CuP present. Mouths of cells sc and r 1, wide, but subequal in width; mouths of cells r 2 + 3 and r 4, distinctly narrower. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouth of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 distinctly narrower than that of cell m 1, about 1 / 2 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow. Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Eight segments visible; segment I evidently shortest. Remarks: Strenorhagio grimaldi sp. nov. looks, more or less, like S. deviatus sp. nov. However, we can separate it from S. deviatus sp. nov. by the following features: basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 distinctly shorter than crossvein m – m; vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm; crossvein m – cu short. In S. deviatus sp. nov., the basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 is longer than crossvein m – m; vein CuA 1 arises from the infall of cells bm and d.	en	Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2010): An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 563-572, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x
038296595837FF8BFCEA919EFABE51F6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name refers to the Greek ‘ asymmetricus ’ (asymmetric), because of the asymmetric position of crossvein r – m in two wings. Diagnosis: Hind femur swollen at apical part; each tibia with a spur at apex. Crossvein r – m slightly proximal to beginning of vein R 2 + 3 in left wing, and nearly coalesced with vein R 2 + 3 at vein Rs (vein Rs 2 nearly disappearing) in right wing; vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m – cu long; basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 shorter than crossvein m – m; mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide, relative widths about 4: 3. Segments I – VI with black stripe at each end. Holotype: CNU-DIB-NN 2007020, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view. Paratype: CNU-DIB-NN 2007021, an almost complete adult body with a wing in lateral view. Type locality and horizon: Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian – Bajocian). Description: Body length, 13.5 mm; wing length, 8.5 mm; wing width, 3.1 mm. Body stout. Head round, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, with upper area composed of larger facets. Legs pubescent. Hind femur swollen at apical part; each tibia with a spur at apex; first tarsomere distinctly much longer and wider than following tarsomeres. Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2 + 3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending slightly beyond wing apex. Crossvein r – m at basal third of cell d; proximal to beginning of vein R 2 + 3 in left wing, nearly coalesced with vein R 2 + 3 at vein Rs (with vein Rs 2 nearly disappearing) in right wing; vein Rs 1 shorter than vein Rs 3. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m – m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 shorter than crossvein m – m. Vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m – cu long; vein CuP present. Mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide, relative widths 4: 3; mouths of cells r 2 + 3 and r 4 distinctly narrow. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present, and wide open; mouths of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 distinctly narrower than that of cell m 1, about half as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open. Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Nine segments visible; segments I – VI with black stripe at each end. Remarks: Because the position of crossvein r – m is asymmetric in the two wings, the crossvein m – cu is longer, the cell r 1 is narrower, and segments I – VI have black stripe at each end, we can easily separate S. asymmetricus sp. nov. from S. grimaldi sp. nov.	en	Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2010): An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 563-572, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x
038296595834FF8AFC8F93FCFAF15267.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name refers to the Latin ‘ conjugo ’ (conjoint) and ‘ ve nius ’ (vein), because vein R 2 + 3 and crossvein r – m are coalesced. Diagnosis: Hind femur swollen at apical part. Crossvein r – m at basal third of cell d, coalesced with vein R 2 + 3 at vein Rs (with vein Rs 2 having disappeared); mouth of cell sc wide open, about three times as wide as that of cell r 1. Holotype: CNU-DIB-NN 2007022, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view. Type locality and horizon: Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian – Bajocian). Description: Body length, 14.0 mm; wing length, 10.5 mm; wing width, 3.7 mm. Body stout. Head round, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, upper facets not distinctly enlarged. Legs pubescent. Hind femur swollen at apical part, tibia slender. First tarsomere distinctly longer than following tarsomeres. Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2 + 3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending slightly beyond wing apex. Crossvein r – m at basal third of cell d, and coalesced with vein R 2 + 3 at vein Rs (with vein Rs 2 disappearing); vein Rs 1 shorter than vein Rs 3. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal of crossvein m – m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 slightly shorter than crossvein m – m. Vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm; vein CuP present. Mouth of cell sc wide open, about three times as wide as that of cell r 1; relative length of mouths of cells r 1, r 2 + 3, and r 4 about 4: 5: 4. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouths of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 narrow, about 2 / 5 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow. Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Eight segments visible; segment I evidently shortest. Remarks: Strenorhagio conjugovenius sp. nov. is the fourth species in Strenorhagio gen. nov. It looks very much like S. asymmetricus sp. nov., but there are some unique characters to separate it from the others in the genus: the crossvein r – m and vein R 2 + 3 are coalesced at vein Rs (with vein Rs 2 disappearing) in both wings; the mouth of cell sc is wide open, and about three times as wide as that of cell r 1.	en	Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2010): An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 563-572, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x
