identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E61687C1FFA0FFD67BB4B9FDFDC219DB.text	E61687C1FFA0FFD67BB4B9FDFDC219DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclocephala ukuku Paz & Ratcliffe 2022	<div><p>Cyclocephala ukuku Paz &amp; Ratcliffe, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 1–6, 20–21)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype male labeled: “ PERU, CU, RC / Machiguenga, Campto / Mapi, 35.5 Km O de Nuevo / Mundo, 741 m. 73° / 28'30,46"/ 11°31'30,24", 13- / 18.i.2010 J. Grados ” and with our red holotype label. Allotype female labeled: “ PERU, CU. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.571834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.087/lat -12.571834)">Zona</a> de / amortiguamiento / Megantoni 12°34'18.6"S / 73°5'13.18"W 1708 m. / 27.ix.2010 M. Alvarado y / J. Peralta ” and with our red allotype label. Two paratype males with same data as allotype. Holotype, allotype, and 1 paratype deposited in MUSM, and 1 paratype in BCRC.</p> <p>Description. Holotype, male. (Fig. 1). Length 18.5 mm; width 9.1 mm. Color dark reddish brown, shiny, except for black tarsomeres and black on posterior half of frons. Head: Frons and clypeus with punctures moderate in size and density, setigerous; setae minute, tawny. Clypeal apex broadly subtruncate, slightly reflexed. Interocular width equals 3.1 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7. Pronotum: Surface similar to that of frons; setae short, tawny. Base lacking marginal bead. Elytra: Surface weakly punctate-striate, transversely wrinkled, punctures slightly larger and denser than those of pronotum, setigerous; setae short, tawny. Pygidium: Surface with large, dense, setigerous punctures; setae long, tawny. In lateral view, surface weakly convex. Legs: Protibia slender, tridentate, basal tooth reduced to a rounded prominence. Protarsomere 5 enlarged, slightly bent, venter concave; medial claw large, strongly bent, apex split (Fig. 5). Metatarsus slightly shorter than metatibia. Venter: Prosternal process long, columnar, apex obliquely flattened into transversely oval disc with transverse, elevated “button” on anterior half. Parameres: In caudal view, form elongate, subparallel, apices rounded (Fig. 3). In lateral view, basal piece subequal in length to parameres (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Allotype, female (Fig. 2). Length 19.3 mm; width across humeri 9.0 mm. As holotype except in the following respects: Elytra: Epipleuron (ventral view) gradually tapering beginning at level of abdominal sternite 2 (Fig. 6). In dorsal view, lateral margin simple, evenly rounded. Pygidium: In lateral view, surface weakly convex. Legs: Protibia distinctly tridentate. Protarsus simple, not enlarged.</p> <p>Variation. Males (2 paratypes). Length 18.0– 19.5 mm; width 8.5–9.0 mm. The paratypes do not differ from the holotype except in size.</p> <p>Etymology. Cyclocephala ukuku is from Peruvian mythology and refers to a being from the mountains that is half bear and half human. The creature is known for being a dancer and guardian of the snowy mountains. This name should be treated as a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Distribution. 4 specimens examined (Fig. 20). PERU (4): CUSCO (4): Reserva Comunal Machiguenga, Campamento Mapi, 35.5 km W Nuevo Mundo (1); Zona de Amortiguamiento Megantoni (3).</p> <p>Temporal distribution. January (1), September (3).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Cyclocephala ukuku is characterized by a distinctive, shiny, dark reddish-brown color (Figs. 1–2); presence of small, abundant setae on the head, pronotum, and elytra; broadly subtruncate clypeus with a weakly emarginate apex; basal bead of the pronotum lacking; tridentate protibia; male large protarsal claw split at its apex (Fig. 5); and uniquely shaped parameres (Figs. 3–4). The female epipleuron is simple and gradually tapering (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Natural history. Specimens were collected at elevations of 741 m and 1708 m in pristine forest (Fig. 21), but nothing else is known of their life history.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E61687C1FFA0FFD67BB4B9FDFDC219DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Paz, Fernando;Ratcliffe, Brett C.;Figueroa, Luis	Paz, Fernando, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Figueroa, Luis (2022): Three new species of Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Amazonian Peru and a checklist of Cyclocephala species in Peru. Zootaxa 5087 (3): 427-440, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.2
E61687C1FFA2FFD17BB4BCE9FB121B3F.text	E61687C1FFA2FFD17BB4BCE9FB121B3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclocephala mateoi Paz & Ratcliffe 2022	<div><p>Cyclocephala mateoi Paz &amp; Ratcliffe, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 7–12, 20)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype male and allotype female labeled: “ PERU, HU. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.99525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.312417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.99525/lat -9.312417)">Tingo Maria</a>, / Campus UNAS / 9°18'44.7"S / 75°59'42.9"W / 693 m. ” and with our red holotype and allotype labels. Holotype and allotype deposited in MUSM.</p> <p>Description. Holotype, male. (Fig. 7). Length 14.4 mm; width 6.6 mm. Color testaceous except for black frons and apices of tibial teeth. Head: Frons and clypeus with punctures moderate in size and density, glabrous. Clypeal apex subtruncate, slightly reflexed. Interocular width equals 3.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7. Pronotum: Surface with small, sparse punctures. Base lacking marginal bead. Elytra: Surface weakly punctate-striate, punctures slightly larger than those of pronotum, glabrous. Pygidium: Disc with minute, sparse punctures; lateral angles with moderately large, dense punctures and partially rugose. In lateral view, surface convex. Legs: Protibia tridentate, basal tooth small, distant from middle tooth. Protarsomere 5 enlarged, slightly bent, venter concave; medial claw large, bent, apex split (Fig 11). Metatarsus slightly longer than metatibia. Venter: Prosternal process long, columnar, apex obliquely flattened into transversely oval disc with transverse, elevated “button” on anterior half. Parameres: In caudal view, form elongate, base subtriangular, shaft subparallel, lateral margins of each paramere slightly flared before rounded apex (Fig. 9). In lateral view, basal piece slightly longer than parameres (Fig. 10).</p> <p>Allotype, female (Fig. 8). Length 16.3 mm; width across humeri 7.4 mm. As holotype except in the following respects: Elytra: Epipleuron (ventral view) expanded at level of abdominal sternites 1–2 and then abruptly constricted with a subacute tooth at level of abdominal sternite 3 (Fig. 12). In dorsal view, lateral margin slightly expanded above sternite 3. Pygidium: In lateral view, surface weakly convex. Legs: Protarsus simple, not enlarged.</p> <p>Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Fernando Paz’s nephew, Mateo Causo Paz.</p> <p>Distribution. 2 specimens examined (Fig. 20). PERU (2): HUÁNUCO (2): Campus of Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Tingo María.</p> <p>Temporal distribution. No data.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Cyclocephala mateoi is similar in gestalt to C. verticalis Burmeister, 1847. However, C. mateoi has a slightly more subtruncate clypeal apex while the clypeal apex of C. verticalis is more parabolic; the protibia has a small, basal tooth that is distant from the others in C. mateoi, but the protibal teeth in C. verticalis are all equally spaced; and the parameres are subtriangular at the base, subparallel, and flared before the apices (Fig. 9) while in C. verticalis the parameres are elongate-oval with a tuft of setae on the inner margin of each apex. The female epipleuron of C. mateoi is expanded at the level of abdominal sternites 1–2 and then abruptly constricted with a subacute tooth at the level of abdominal sternite 3 (Fig. 12), while the epipleuron of C. verticalis is simple and gradually tapering.</p> <p>Natural history. Cyclocephala mateoi specimens were collected at an elevation of 693 m.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E61687C1FFA2FFD17BB4BCE9FB121B3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Paz, Fernando;Ratcliffe, Brett C.;Figueroa, Luis	Paz, Fernando, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Figueroa, Luis (2022): Three new species of Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Amazonian Peru and a checklist of Cyclocephala species in Peru. Zootaxa 5087 (3): 427-440, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.2
E61687C1FFA4FFDD7BB4BFACFCF91843.text	E61687C1FFA4FFDD7BB4BFACFCF91843.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclocephala hylaea Ratcliffe & Paz. A 2022	<div><p>Cyclocephala hylaea Ratcliffe &amp; Paz, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 13–20)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male and allotype female labeled: “ PERU: Madre de Dios; / Rio Tambopata Res; 30 air / km. SW Pto. Maldonado, 290m. / 11–15 XI 1979 J. B. Heppner / subtropical moist forest” and with our red holotype and allotype labels. Paratypes with same data except dates of “ 2–5 XI 1979 ” (6 males, 10 females), “ 6–10 XI 1979 ” (16 males, 33 females), “ 11–15 XI 1979 ” (97 males, 101 females), “ 16–20 XI 1979 ” (24 males, 51 females), “ 21–25 XI 1979 ” (32 males, 43 females), and “ 26–30 XI 1979 ” (12 males, 16 females). Additional paratypes labeled “ PERU: Cusco; / Pilcopata, 600meters / 8–10 XII 1979 / J. B. Heppner, premontane / moist forest” (1 male, 1 female) and same data except “ 11–14 XII 1979 ” (8 males, 21 females) and “ MADRE DE DIOS / río Tambopata, 30 Km SO Pto. Maldonado / 290 m, 2-5.xi.1979 ” (3 males, 8 females). Paratypes (483) each with our yellow paratype label. Holotype, allotype, and 392 paratypes (170 males, 222 females) deposited in USNM.Additional paratypes deposited in BCRC (7 males, 6 females), BMNH (3 males, 3 females), CMNC (3 males, 3 females), EGPC (3 males, 3 females), JNNC (3 males, 3 females), JPSC (3 males, 3 females), MEKRB (5 males, 7 females), MNHN (3 males, 3 females), MSPC (2 males, 4 females), MUSM (8 males, 12 females), RDCC (6), SLTC (3 males, 3 females), UNSM (3 males, 3 females), and ZMHU (3 males, 3 females).</p> <p>Description. Holotype, male. (Fig. 13). Length 12.7 mm; width 4.9 mm. Color testaceous except for black frons; 4 small, indistinct black marks on each side of pronotum; and 3 small black maculae on each elytron; pygidium, abdominal sternites, and tarsomeres reddish brown. Head: Frons and clypeus with punctures moderate in size and density, setigerous; setae short, tawny. Clypeal apex subtruncate, slightly reflexed. Interocular width equals 3.5 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7. Pronotum: Surface with punctures similar to those of frons, setigerous in anterior angles and along lateral margins; setae short, tawny. Base with marginal bead. Elytra: Surface weakly punctate-striate, punctures slightly larger and denser than those of pronotum, setigerous; setae minute, tawny, in rows. Pygidium: Surface opaque with small, moderately dense, setigerous punctures; setae long, dense, tawny. In lateral view, surface convex. Legs: Protibia bidentate. Protarsomere 4 with large, ventral flange directed forward. Protarsomere 5 enlarged, slightly bent, venter concave; medial claw large, strongly bent, apex entire (Fig. 18). Metatarsus much longer than metatibia. Venter: Prosternal process small, conical, apex narrowly rounded. Parameres: In caudal view, form almost horseshoe-shaped, tapering, inner margin of each paramere with long, dense, tawny setae (Fig. 16). In lateral view, basal piece almost 3 times longer than parameres (Fig. 17).</p> <p>Allotype, female (Fig. 14). Length 12.0 mm; width across humeri 5.2 mm. As holotype except in the following respects: Pronotum with 2 small spots and 1 short line on each side; elytral maculae slightly larger; pygidium testaceous. Head: Surface glabrous. Elytra: Epipleuron (ventral view) expanded at level of metacoxa and abruptly constricted with a subacute tooth at level of abdominal sternite 3 (Fig. 19). In dorsal view, lateral margin slightly expanded above sternite 3. Pygidium: Surface finely reticulated, glabrous except for short, sparse setae on basal half. In lateral view, surface nearly flat. Legs: Protibia tridentate. Protarsus simple, not enlarged. Metatarsus only slightly longer than metatibia.</p> <p>Variation. Males (199 paratypes). Length 10.5–13.0 mm; width across humeri 5.0– 6.2 mm. Female (284 paratypes). Length 10.6–12.8 mm; width across humeri 4.8–5.8 mm. The paratypes of both sexes display slight variation in the size of the black marks on the pronotum and elytra (Fig. 15) as follows: Pronotum: Spots variably reduced or rarely coalesced into 2 longitudinal, black bands or more rarely coalesced into an almost C. lunulata Burmeister, 1847 -like pattern. Elytra: Spots variably reduced or rarely expanded in size where the post-scutellar and post-humeral spots connected by a zigzag band.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name hylaea is from the Latin meaning “of the forest”, indicating its habitat. This name should be treated as an adjective in the nominative singular.</p> <p>Distribution. 485 specimens examined (Fig. 20). PERU (485): CUSCO (31): Pilcopata. MADRE DE DIOS (454): Reserva Nacional Rio Tambopata.</p> <p>Temporal distribution. November (454), December (31).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The most heavily patterned specimens display an almost “ C. lunulata ”- type pattern (Fig. 15), but these specimens are not common. Cyclocephala hylaea is most similar to the sympatric C. discolor Herbst, 1790 in gestalt, but males can be differentiated by the form of the clypeus (apex subtruncate and marginal bead slender to obsolete versus clypeal apex rounded, parabolic, and with a raised, thick marginal bead in C. discolor); large protarsal claw entire versus finely split in C. discolor; and form of the parameres (inner margin of each paramere densely setose versus glabrous in C. discolor). Females are most easily distinguished by the form of the prosternal process: small and conical in C. hylaea, but long, columnar, and with apex obliquely flattened with anterior half to 3/4 elevated into round “button” in C. discolor.</p> <p>The parameres resemble those of C. amazona (Linnaeus, 1767) (but are broader and not as narrowly elongate), and the male protarsomere 5 is simple, whereas in C. amazona there is a distinct tooth near the base on the medio-ventral margin of the tarsomere. Females are very different because the elytral lateral margin is only slightly expanded above sternite 3 in C. hylaea, but C. amazona has a large, deeply emarginate swelling on the elytral lateral margin behind the middle.</p> <p>Natural history. Cyclocephala hylaea was abundantly collected at lights in lowland rainforest at Reserva Nacional Tambopata and at Pilcopata at elevations of 290– 600 m.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E61687C1FFA4FFDD7BB4BFACFCF91843	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Paz, Fernando;Ratcliffe, Brett C.;Figueroa, Luis	Paz, Fernando, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Figueroa, Luis (2022): Three new species of Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Amazonian Peru and a checklist of Cyclocephala species in Peru. Zootaxa 5087 (3): 427-440, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.2
