identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D71C072CFFCDFFB3E0C42E97FE3E04AB.text	D71C072CFFCDFFB3E0C42E97FE3E04AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanophilharmostes Paulian 1968	<div><p>Melanophilharmostes Paulian, 1968</p> <p>Type species: Philharmostes (Melanophilharmostes) zicsii Paulian, 1968, by original designation.</p> <p>Composition and distribution: 17 named species (including the one described below) from sub-Saharan Africa and the Gulf of Guinea island of Annobón.</p> <p>Monophyly, sister group, and morphological synapomorphies: the genus formed a moderately supported clade in both the morphology-based (Ballerio 2016) and DNA-based (Fig. 5) analyses. Its three morphological synapomorphies (Ballerio 2016) are (1) dorsal body surface with setae, (2) larger elytral punctures are “large horseshoe-shaped”, and (3) elytra with a lateral carina. In both analysis the genus formed either moderately (Ballerio 2016) or weakly-supported (Fig. 5) sister group to the genus Pseudopterorthochaetes; the only morphological synapomorphy of both genera is that the dorsal puncture on the head is shallow (not deep; Ballerio 2016). Two hind wing characters seem to additionally support the Melanophilharmostes and Pseudopterorthochaetes clade (presence of distal fork in vein CuA and presence of the distal expansion of vein MP 1+2; characters 15/1 and 16/1, respectively, in Ballerio 2016; see also Fig. 2D); however, ambiguity remains due to the widespread loss of hind wings within this clade. The genus Pseudopterorthochaetes was recovered either as a moderately-supported (Ballerio 2016) or strongly-supported clade (Fig. 5) with a single morphological autapomorphy: the inner mesotibial apical spur in males is parallel to the tibial axis (not bent inwards at a right angle, as in Melanophilharmostes and most other pill scarabs).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D71C072CFFCDFFB3E0C42E97FE3E04AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2022): Phylogenetic placement of a new Melanophilharmostes Paulian, 1968 pill scarab (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) from Cameroon: molecular results decipher misleading morphology. Zootaxa 5087 (3): 441-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.3
D71C072CFFCCFFB3E0C429EEFE40030C.text	D71C072CFFCCFFB3E0C429EEFE40030C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov 2022	<div><p>Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov, new species</p> <p>Figs 1–5.</p> <p>Type locality. Cameroon, Mt. Cameroon, 4.0681ºN, 9.0717ºE, 233m.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype (deposited in the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.0717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.0717/lat 4.0681)">Canadian National Collection of Insects</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.0717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.0717/lat 4.0681)">Arachnids</a>, and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada), female, “ CAMEROON, Mt. Cameroon, 4.0681, 9.0717, 233m, 28.xii.2015, sift. CM09, V. Grebennikov.”, “CNCCOLVG00009477”. Paratype (deposited in the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.7075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.8193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.7075/lat 4.8193)">Canadian National Collection of Insects</a>, Arachnids, and Nematodes), not sexed, “ CAMEROON, Mt. Kupe, 4.8193, 9.7075, 1525m, 29.xii.2015, sift. CM13, V. Grebennikov.”, “CNCCOLVG00009488”.</p> <p>Description. Holotype maximal body length (in rolled position, Fig. 1A): 2.5 mm (paratype: 2.5 mm), maximal body width (Fig. 1): 2.2 mm (paratype: 2.3 mm). Head distinctly convex, clypeal disc gibbose. Interocular bridge completely subdividing each eye into smaller dorsal and larger ventral parts (Fig. 2E); antenna with seemingly 10 antennomeres (Fig. 2F, not dissected to make exact count); head, pronotum, and elytra with deep and dense microsculpture (horseshoe-shaped and comma-shaped), as well as with sparse, short, and distinct pilosity; surface of pronotum uneven, with bumps and depressions (Fig. 2A); each elytron with notable lateral longitudinal sharp carina interrupted in posterior part (Figs 2B, D); hind wings fully developed; distal fork of vein CuA present; distal expansion of vein MP 1+2 cannot be verified using single available wing (Fig. 2D). Male genitalia unknown. DNA data of holotype: MW899169 (COI) and MW845067 (28S); DNA data of paratype: MW899176 (COI), MW845087 (ITS2), and MW845074 (28S).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Within the Synarmostes group of four Afrotropical genera (including Madagascar and Comoros), this species can be immediately recognised by any of its four diagnostic characters: (1) head distinctly convex with clypeal disc gibbose (Fig. 2F), (2) bumpy pronotum, (3) notably developed longitudinal carina on each elytron, and (4) deep and dense microsculpture on the head, pronotum, and elytra.</p> <p>Distribution. This species is known from two Cameroonian localities about 100 km apart: Mt. Cameroon (233 m) and Mt. Kupe (1523 m).</p> <p>Natural History. Both specimens were collected by sifting forest leaf litter in rainforest.</p> <p>Derivation of name. The species epithet is the Latin noun meaning “a hump, bump, swelling, protuberance”, with reference to the peculiarly bumpy pronotum of the new species distinguishing it from all its congeners; it is used as a noun in apposition.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D71C072CFFCCFFB3E0C429EEFE40030C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2022): Phylogenetic placement of a new Melanophilharmostes Paulian, 1968 pill scarab (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) from Cameroon: molecular results decipher misleading morphology. Zootaxa 5087 (3): 441-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.3
