identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A587CF9A10795BD69A1248318951032E.text	A587CF9A10795BD69A1248318951032E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta longipedicellata Se. Fujii & Yahara 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 7.  Hosta longipedicellata Se.Fujii &amp; Yahara sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 17, 18</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Hosta longipedicellata is similar to  H. scabrinervia , but distinguished by its flower bracts 2-2.2 cm long, withering during flowering (compared to (2-)2.2-4.6 cm long, fresh during flowering), smaller and narrower leaf blades (compared to up to 25  × 15 cm), and the occurrence at elevations at 1700-1750 m (in contrast to at 90-550 m). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Tosa-gun, Hongawa-mura,  Mt. Tsutsujo , 1750 m elev., 1 Aug. 2006, S. Kobayashi &amp; Y. Kurahashi FOK-077809 with flowers (holotype MBK0164413!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, spiral, long petiolate, 3 per ramet; blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 13.4-30.2 cm long, 5.4-11.8 cm, 2.2-3 time longer than wide, thinly papery, glabrous on both surfaces, base rounded to subcordate, apex acute to short acuminate, margin entire, veins in 7-10 pairs, papillose on the lower surface; petioles 15-34.3 cm long, narrowly winged, wing 0.1-0.2 cm wide, glabrous. Scape 26.5-32.5 cm long, terete. Raceme 7.6-9 cm long, 7-15-flowered; flower bracts withering in anthesis, erect, purplish light green in the upper part, light green in the lower part, oblong-lanceolate, boat-shaped, 2-2.5 cm long, 0.3-0.4 cm wide, membranous, glabrous, apex acute. Flowers not fragrant; pedicels 2.5-3.3 cm long, glabrous; perianth 4.4-6.4 cm long, funnel-form, glabrous, 6-lobed, whitish purple outside in flower buds, almost white outside and inside when flowering, midveins purplish adaxially; tube dilated from apical 2/3, lobes triangular, 1.0-1.5 cm long, 0.6-0.9 cm wide, apex obtuse. Stamens 6, slightly shorter than perianth, not exerted; filaments 4.6-4.8 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, white, free, glabrous, anthers purple when fresh, dark blue-grey when dried, 3 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid, 0.6-0.7 cm long, style 5.1-5.6 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, 1.1 cm exerted from perianths, glabrous, stigma capitate. Capsules or seeds not observed.</p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering from late July to early August.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Kochi Prefecture). This species grows on rock cliffs at Mt. Tsutsujo, Mt. Tebako, Yasui Valley, and its vicinity in Kochi Prefecture on Shikoku Island.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is derived from the long pedicel.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as VU (Vulnerable) because its population is estimated to be between 250 and 1000.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Kamuro-giboshi (new).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Tosa-gun. Hongawa-mura, Mt. Tsutsujo, 28 Jun. 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12637 -12639, 12647, 12654 sterile (FU!); Agawa-gun,  Niyodogawa-cho , 612 m elev., 3 May 2022, Se. Fujii JPN12425, 12426 sterile (FU!); Agawa-gun, Niyodogawa-cho,  Yasui Valley , 470 m elev., 30 Jun. 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12674, 12676, 12680 sterile, JPN12675 with flower buds (FU!); Agawa-gun, Niyodogawa-cho, Miyagahira, 612 m elev., Jul. 22, 2023, Se. Fujii FJW48-1, 2, 3 with flowers (MBK!); cultivated at Makino Botanical Garden, derived from  Mt. Tsutsujo , 1750 m elev., T. Yahara et al. JPN3927 sterile (FU!); cultivated at Makino Botanical Garden, derived from  Mt. Tebako , 1700 m elev., T. Yahara et al. JPN3936 sterile (FU!)  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>The plant shown in Fig. 18 is a clone of JPN3927 that grew larger than the wild state after fertilization and was not used for the above description.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A587CF9A10795BD69A1248318951032E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
9CA812E2FA2E5ADBAEE73135FB2643FE.text	9CA812E2FA2E5ADBAEE73135FB2643FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta minazukiflora Se. Fujii & Yahara 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 5.  Hosta minazukiflora Se. Fujii &amp; Yahara sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 12, 13</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Hosta minazukiflora is similar to  H. longipedicellata in having leaves shorter than 20 cm, straight scapes shorter than 43 cm, and perianth lobes 0.6-0.8 cm wide. However,  H. minazukiflora is distinguished from  H. longipedicellata by its lavender flowers (vs. whitish), shorter pedicels (1.1-1.2 cm vs. 2.5-3.3 cm), narrower leaves (2.9-6.2 cm wide vs. (5.4-)9-12 cm wide) smooth on the lower surface (vs. papillose), and the occurrence at elevations of 270-280 m (vs. 1700-1750 m). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Nagaoka-gun, Motoyama-cho,  Asemi River , 25 Jun. 2017, Se. Fujii &amp; K. Yabe FOS-012016 with flowers (holotype MBK0318414!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, spiral, long petiolate, 4-6 per ramet; blades oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 11.8-17.0 cm long, 2.9-6.2 cm wide, 2.4-4.3 times longer than width, thinly papery, glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate, decurrent, slightly folded, apex acuminate, margin entire, veins in 6-9 pairs, smooth on the lower surface; petioles 8-19 cm long, narrowly winged, wing 0.1-0.3 cm wide, glabrous. Scape 18-43 cm long, terete. Raceme 10-15 cm long, 3-6-flowered; flower bracts vivid (not withering) in anthesis, erect, whitish purple, oblong-lanceolate, boat-shaped, 1.3-1.6 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm wide, membranous, glabrous, apex acute. Flowers not fragrant, 5.2-5.9 cm long; pedicels 1.1-1.2 cm long, glabrous. Perianth whitish purple, funnel-form, 4.1-4.7 cm long, glabrous, 6-lobed; abruptly dilated from apical 2/3, lobes narrowly triangular, 1.2-1.4 cm long, 0.6-0.8 cm wide, apex acute. Stamens 6; filaments 4.6-5.4 cm long, white, free, glabrous, 0.5-0.7 cm exerted from perianth, upwardly curved at the distal part, anthers purple when fresh, dark blue-grey when dried, 3 mm long. Style 5.2-6.1 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, 1.1-1.4 cm exerted from the perianth, glabrous, stigma capitate. Ovary ellipsoid, 0.6 cm long, glabrous. Capsule green, cylindrical, 1.8-2.3 cm long, 0.3-0.4 cm wide, shallowly 3-angled. Seeds ellipsoid-ovoid, 2 mm long, with wings 4 mm long, black when dry.</p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering from mid to late June and fruiting in August.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Kochi Prefecture). This species grows on rock cliffs along the Asemi River, a branch of the Yoshino River, in the central part of the Kochi Prefecture on Shikoku Island.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet was derived from the flowering season in June. Minazuki refers to June in Japanese.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as EN (Endangered) because its population is estimated to be between 50 and 250.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Minazuki-giboshi (new).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Nagaoka-gun, Motoyama-cho,  Asemi River , 280 m elev., 19 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara et al. JPN1308 sterile, JPN1309 sterile, and JPN1310 with fruit (FU!)  ;  ditto, 13 Jun. 2004, Y. Yamashita et al. FOK-066868 with flowers (MBK0083845!) ;  ditto, 23 May 2002, Y. Kokami et al. FOK-055767 with flower buds (MBK0146148!) ;  ditto, 270 m elev., 25 Jun. 2017, Se. Fujii &amp; K. Yabe FOS-012017 with flowers (MBK0318415!) . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> Hosta minazukiflora is sister to  H. shikokiana (Figs 2, 3), but morphologically more similar to  H. longipedicellata (see diagnosis) and  H. scabrinervia . The type specimen Se. Fujii &amp; K. Yabe FOS-012016 was first identified as  H. kikutii var. scabrinervia . While the two species are distributed in the Yoshino River system,  H. minazukiflora is easily distinguished from  H. scabrinervia by its smaller leaves (12-17 cm long and 3-6 cm wide compared to 17-32 cm long and 7.5-15 cm wide in  H. scarbrinervia ), lavender perianths (in contrast to whitish perianths), and earlier flowering season in June (rather than July). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9CA812E2FA2E5ADBAEE73135FB2643FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
0454E2E817A253E9A31BE0057C723C8A.text	0454E2E817A253E9A31BE0057C723C8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta polyneuronoides Yahara & Se. Fujii 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2.  Hosta polyneuronoides Yahara &amp; Se.Fujii sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 9</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Hosta polyneuronoides is distinguished from  H. tardiva subsp. densinervia in having 3-10 flowers per inflorescence (in contrast to 15-25 in subsp.  Hosta tardiva densinervia ) and anthers 3.5-4 mm long (compared to 5 mm long). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Agawa-gun, Ino-cho, near  Nitaki Bridge , 237 m elev., 20 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara, K. Fuse &amp;  H. Sato JPN1378 with flowers (holotype FU!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, spiral, long petiolate, 3-15 per ramet; blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 7.5-28.5 cm long, 3.3-15.3 cm wide, 0.9-2.9 times longer than width, thinly papery, glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate to subcordate, apex acute to short acuminate, margin entire, veins 8-9 pairs, smooth on the lower surface; petioles 5-40 cm long, narrowly winged, 0.3-0.5 cm wide, glabrous. Scape 15-51 cm long, rachis terete, bract lanceolate, 4 cm long, 0.3-0.5 cm wide, light green, glabrous. Raceme 4.3-9 cm long, 3-10-flowered; flower bracts vivid (not withering) in anthesis, erect or diagonally spreading, whitish green, oblong-lanceolate, boat-shaped, 1.2-3.1 cm long, 0.1-0.8 cm wide, membranous, glabrous, apex acuminate. Flowers not fragrant, 5.7-6.0 cm long; pedicels 0.6-1.3 cm long, glabrous. Perianths white or very pale purple-white, funnel-form, 2.1-4.9 cm long, glabrous, 6-lobed; tube abruptly dilated from apical 2/3, lobes narrowly triangular, 0.7-1.2 cm long, 0.4-1 cm wide, apex acute. Stamens 6, 0.1-0.4 cm exerted from perianth; filaments white, free, 4.5-4.8 cm long, glabrous, anthers purple to yellow when fresh, dark blue-grey to light yellow when dried, 3.5-4 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid, 0.5 cm long, glabrous style 5.5-5.7 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, subequal to 1.5 cm exerted from perianth, glabrous, stigma capitate. Capsules or seeds not observed.</p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering from July to August.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Japan (Kochi and Ehime Prefectures).  Hosta polyneuronoides grows on open or shaded rocks and rock cliffs along rivers in the upper reaches and headwaters of the Yoshino River, and on the rocky ridgeline from Mt. Ishizuchi to Mt. Komochi-gongen and its vicinity. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> This subspecies was named for its resemblance to  H. tardiva subsp. densinervia identified as  Hosta kikutii var. polyneuron by Fujita (1976). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as NT (Near threatened) because its population is estimated to exceed 1000 but may be declining under the influence of river bank construction and collection for horticulture.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Oku-sudare giboshi (new).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Ehime Pref.: Niihama City, Mt. Higashi-akaishi, 970 m elev., 21 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6269-6271 sterile (FU!); ditto, 1040 m elev., 21 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6153-6156 sterile (FU!);  Mt. Ishizuchi , 28 Jul. 1972, S. Takafuji 799 with flowers (KYO!); Kamiukena-gun,  Mt. Ishizuchi , 1600 m elev., 23 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6390 sterile (FU!); ditto, 1980 m elev., 23 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6407 sterile (FU!); Saijyo City,  Mts. Ishizuchi , from Yoake-toge to  Mt. Nishinokanmuri-dake , 1600 m elev., 7 Aug. 1971,  H. Takahashi &amp; N. Fujita 226 with flowers (KYO!)  .   Kochi Pref.: Nagaoka-gun, Motoyama-cho,  Along Asemi River , 480 m elev., 19 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara et al. JPN1327-1329 with flower buds (FU!); Tosa-gun, Okawa-mura, 570 m elev., 24 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6493-6495 sterile (FU!); Tosa-gun, Ohkawa-mura, Kawasaki, 400 m elev., 24 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6501-6503 with flower buds (FU!); Tosa-gun, Ohkawa-mura, Takano, 24 Jun. 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12529, 12530, 12532, 12535 sterile (FU!); Tosa-gun, Ohkawa-mura, near Okina Waterfall, 443 m elev., Jul. 25, 2023, Se. Fujii, FJW49-1, 2 with flowers (MBK!); Tosa-gun, Tosa-cho, 24 Jun. 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12506 -12508 sterile (FU!); Agawa-gun, Ino-cho, 750 m elevation, 23 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6449-6451 sterile (FU!); Agawa-gun, Ino-cho, 900 m elevation, 23 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6446-6448 sterile (FU!); Agawa-gun, Ino-cho,  Kamegamori Forest Road, 1650 m elev., 22 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6342, 6361 sterile (FU!); ditto,  Mt. Komochi-gongen , 29 Jun. 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12663, 12664 sterile (FU!); Agawa-gun, Ino-cho, Ohmori-gawa dam, 755 m elev., 3 May 2022, Se. Fujii JPN12427 sterile (FU!); Agawa-gun, Ino-cho, Terakawa-Ohdaru, 29 Jun. 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12666 -12668 sterile (FU!). The sterile specimens were identified using MIG-seq  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> Two specimens collected from Mt. Ishizuchi (S. Takafuji 799 and  H. Takahashi &amp; N. Fujita 226) were cited in the original description of  H. shikokiana (Fujita 1976), but were identified as  H. polyneuronoides by molecular evidence and also morphologically in having leaves not undulate along the margin and not lustrous below, perianths not purple and without dark purple veins, and anthers 0.4 mm long. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0454E2E817A253E9A31BE0057C723C8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
8FF0D1002B84539C94449363650EA8C1.text	8FF0D1002B84539C94449363650EA8C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta samukazemontana Se. Fujii & Yahara 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 8.  Hosta samukazemontana Se.Fujii &amp; Yahara sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 19, 20</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Hosta samukazemontana is distinguished from  H. polyneuronoides by anther size (3 mm vs. 3.5-4 mm), and inflorescences (deflected and curved upward at the top in contrast to erect and straight).  Hosta samukazemontana is also similar to  H. tosana in having inflorescences deflected and curved upward at the top, but distinguished from  H. tosana by whitish perianths 4.5-5 cm long (in contrast to purple perianths 6.1-6.9 cm long) and whitish purple flower bracts 1.7-2.1 cm long (as opposed to whitish green peraiths 2.2-5.2 cm long). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Tosa County, Hongawa Village,  Mt. Kanpu , 25 Jul. 1983, Y. Kokami M83-255 with flowers (holotype MBK0175579!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, spiral, long petiolate, 2-6 per ramet; blades oblong-ovate, elliptic-ovate, ovate, 7-22 cm long, 3.6-10.7 cm wide, 1.8-2.9 time longer than wide, thinly papery, glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate, rounded, cordate, decurrent, slightly folded, apex acuminate, margin entire, veins in 6-12 pairs, smooth on the lower surface; petioles 3.2-14.5 cm long, narrowly winged, wings 0.1-0.2 cm wide, glabrous. Scape 20-43 cm long, terete, deflected and curved upward at the top. Raceme 7-9 cm long, 5-18-flowered; flower bracts vivid (not withering) in anthesis, erect, whitish purple, oblong-lanceolate, boat-shaped, 1.7-2.1 long, 0.3-0.5 cm wide, membranous, glabrous, apex acuminate. Flowers 5-6 cm long; pedicels 1-1.8 cm long, glabrous. Perianths 4.5-5 cm long, purple-white outside, almost white inside, funnel-form, glabrous, 6-lobed, tube abruptly dilated from apical 2/3, lobes narrowly triangular, 1-1.3 cm long, 0.7-0.8 cm wide, apex acute, three veins distinct inside. Stamens 6; filaments 4.8 cm long, white, free, glabrous, almost as long as perianth, upwardly curved at the distal part, anthers purple when fresh, dark blue-grey when dried, 3 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid, 1 cm long, style 5 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, 0.5 cm exerted from perianth, glabrous, stigma capitate. Capsules green, cylindrical, 2.3-2.4 cm long, 0.4 cm wide, 3-angled. Seeds 2.2 mm long, with wings ca. 4 mm long, blackish brown.</p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering in July, and fruiting in August.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Ehime and Kochi Prefectures) (endemic). This species grows on rock cliffs in the vicinity of Mt. Kanpu in the central part of the Kochi Prefecture on Shikoku Island.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet was derived from the old name of the type locality (Mt. Samukaze).</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as VU (Vulnerable) because its population is estimated to be between 250 and 1000.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Samukaze-giboshi (new).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Agawa-gun, Ino-cho, along  Kamegamori Forest
Road
 , 1660 m elev., 22 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6325 with flower buds (FU!)  .   Ehime Pref.: Saijyo City, W slope of Mt. Kanpu, 1050 m elev., 20 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara et al. JPN1380 - 1382 with fruit (FU!); Saijyo City,  Mt. Kanpu 1600 m, 24 Jul. 2022, Se. Fujii JPN15235 with flowers (FU!);  Mt. Kanpu , June 19, 1943, S. Yamawaki s.n. with flowers (TI!)  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> This species was identified as  H. shikokiana by Fujita (1976), but is distinguished from  H. shikokiana in its whitish perianth color and scapes deflected and curved at the top when flowering and fruiting (Fig. 20). The distribution record of "  H. kikutii var. caput-avis " from Mt. Kanpu in the Flora of Kochi Prefecture (Kochi Prefecture &amp; Makino Memorial Foundation of Kochi Prefecture 2009) is a misidentification of this species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FF0D1002B84539C94449363650EA8C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
7D582A1FC4935BD9AFDEA13B3EEC40D8.text	7D582A1FC4935BD9AFDEA13B3EEC40D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta scabrinervia (Yahara & Hirota & Fujii & Kokami & Fuse & Sato & Tagane & Suyama 2023) Yahara & Se. Fujii 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3.  Hosta scabrinervia (N. Fujita &amp; M.N. Tamura) Yahara &amp; Se.Fujii stat. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 10</p>
            <p> Hosta kikutii var. scabrinervia N. Fujita &amp; M. N. Tamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 59: 34. 2008. Type: JAPAN. Tokushima Pref., Miyoshi-gun, Ohboke, along the river, 13 Jul. 1968, C. Abe 33197 (holotype KYO!). </p>
            <p> Hosta kikutii var. polyneuron sensu Fujita, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 27: 80. 1976, p.p. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering in July.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Tokushima and Kochi Prefectures). The typical lineage of this species grows in rock crevices in the open habitats of riverbanks along the middle reach of Yoshino River. The upstream lineage (JPN12523-12525, FJS00006, FJS00007) grows on the wet cliffs in the upper reaches of the Yoshino River.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as VU (Vulnerable) because its population is estimated to be between 250 and 1000.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Zaratsuki-giboshi (Fujita and Tamura 2008).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Nagaoka-gun, Ohtoyo-mura,  Isodani , along  Yoshino River , 8 Sep. 1958, T. Yamanaka 26222 with fruit (KYO!);  Nagaoka-gun ,  Ohtoyo-cho ,  Higashidoi ,  Yoshino River , 4 Jul. 2002,  H. Sasaoka FOK-603540 with flowers (MBK0170549!); left bank of  Yoshino River ,  Okubo ,  Ohtoyo-cho ,  Nagaoka-gun , 26 Nov. 2017, A. Sakamoto et al. FOS-017749 with fruit (MBK0319724!); ditto, 18 Jul. 2004, M. Matsumoto et al. FOK-067597 with flowers (MBK0087490!);  Tosa-gun ,  Ohkawa-mura ,  Takano , 24 Jun. 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12523 -12525 (FU!); Tosa-gun, Ohkawa-mura, Kawasaki, Jul. 25, 2023, Se. Fujii FJW-50-1, 2 with flowers (MBK0342373!, MBK0342374!); Tosa-gun, Ohkawa-mura, Kogane Waterfall, 23 Jul. 2022, Se. Fujii JPN15231, 15232, with flowers (FU!); ditto, Jul. 25, 2023, Se. Fujii FJW-51-1-4 with flowers (MBK!); Nagaoka-gun, Motoyama-cho, in front of Kizenzan Park, 8 Aug. 1971,  H. Takahashi &amp; N. Fujita 214 with flowers and fruit (KYO!)  ;.   Tokushima Pref.: Miyoshi-gun,  Oboke , 11 Apr. 2011, T. Yahara et al. JPN4080, 4082-4087 sterile (FU!); ditto, 22 Jul. 1967, C. Abe 33157 with fruits (KYO!)  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> Fujita and Tamura (2008) distinguished var.  Hosta scabrinervia scabrinervia from var.  Hosta scabrinervia densinervia by the papillose lower surface of the lateral veins, but some plants of the type locality population have smooth lower lateral vein surfaces. Morphologically,  H. scabrinervia is similar to  H. tardiva subsp. densinervia but distinguished by the flowering season (July in contrast to August to September in the latter) and anther length (3 mm long vs. 5 mm long). The specimens collected from Kogane Waterfall (JPN15231, etc.) have exceptionally long pedicels (2.9-3.4 cm long), compared to 2-2.7 cm in other specimens. In this aspect, they are similar to  H. longipedicellata , but can be distinguished by their flower bracts which remain fresh during flowering (unlike the withering flower bracts of  H. longipedicellata ). In the original description of  H. kikutii var. scabrinervia , Fujita and Tamura (2008) cited specimens from Ehime and Kochi Prefectures, but further studies combining molecular analyses with subsequent morphological observations are required to confirm their identities. As far as examined, the range of  H. scabrinervia is restricted to a narrow region in the middle reach of Yoshino River (Fig. 7). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D582A1FC4935BD9AFDEA13B3EEC40D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
0A67C87C4E2F5C1CB939FBFC8D14D1C6.text	0A67C87C4E2F5C1CB939FBFC8D14D1C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta shikokiana N. Fujita, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 27: 93. 1976. Plants on Mt. Higashi-akaishi, Mt. Akaishi, Mt. Nishi-akaishi, and Mt. Shiragayama only.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 4.  Hosta shikokiana N. Fujita, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 27: 93. 1976. Plants on Mt. Higashi-akaishi, Mt. Akaishi, Mt. Nishi-akaishi, and Mt. Shiragayama only.</p>
            <p>Fig. 11</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Ehime Pref.,  Mt. Higashi-akaishi , 7 Aug. 1957, T. Yamanaka 22475 (holotype KYO!)  . </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering in July and fruiting in August.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Ehime and Kochi Prefectures) (endemic). This species grows in open habitats on the rocky ridgeline of Mt. Higashi-akaishi and its surrounding areas on Shikoku Island.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as VU (Vulnerable) because its population is estimated to be between 250 and 1000.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Shikoku-giboshi (Fujita 1976).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Ehime Pref.:  Mt. Higashi-akaishi , 15 Jul. 1952, T. Yamanaka 8901 with flowers (KYO!)  ;   ditto (as  Mt. Akaishi ), 9 Jul. 1928, G. Koidzumi s.n. with flower buds (KYO!)  ;  ditto, 1650 m elev., 21 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6197, 6228, 6239, 6249, and 6252 with flower buds (FU!) ;  ditto, 1640 m elev., 14 Jul. 1960, K. Tsuchiya 500 with flowers (KYO!) ;   ditto, Mt. Hachimaki (a peak of Mts. Higashi-akaishi), 22 Jul. 2022,  Se. Fujii JPN9953, 31 Jul. 2022,  Se. Fujii JPN9954 with flowers (FU!); derived from  Mt. Higashi-akaishi , cultivated in  Makino Botanical Garden , 8 Apr. 2021, T. Yahara &amp; Se. Fujii JPN3939-3942 sterile (FU!); between Mt. Higashiakaishi and Mt. Hutatsudake, 1600 m elev., 8 Sep. 1961, G. Murata 14981 with fruit (KYO!)  ;   ditto, cultivated stock of G. Murata 14981, G. Murata s.n. with flowers (KYO!). Kochi Pref.:  Mt. Shiraga (cultivated stock), T. Yahara &amp; Se. Fujii JPN3937, 8 Apr. 2021, sterile (FU!)  ;   ditto,  Se. Fujii JPN9955, 23 Jul. 2021 with flowers (FU!)  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> The following specimens cited by Fujita (1976) are not this species; the specimen from Mt. Kanpu (Yamawaki s.n., TI) is  H. samukazemontana , and the specimens from Mt. Ishizuchi (Takahashi &amp; Fujita 226, KYO; Takafuji s.n., KYO) are  H. polyneuronoides . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A67C87C4E2F5C1CB939FBFC8D14D1C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
78121A0F0DA55E8A81A3FDD7731470E3.text	78121A0F0DA55E8A81A3FDD7731470E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta takiminazukiflora Se. Fujii & Yahara 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6.  Hosta takiminazukiflora Se.Fujii &amp; Yahara sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 14, 15</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Hosta takiminazukiflora is similar to  H. longipedicellata and  H. minazukiflora . It is distinguished from  H. longipedicellata by leaves smooth on the lower surface (vs. papillose), pedicels 1.4-2.5 cm long (compared to 2.5-3.3 cm long), and flower bracts being fresh during flowering (in contrast to being withering), and from  H. minazukiflora by perianths with a distinct midvein (as opposed to three distinct veins) and pedicels 1.4-2.5 cm long (compared to 1.1-1.2 cm long). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Tosa County, Ookawa village,  Mt. Higashikado-yama , 22 Jul. 2007, with flowers, N. Inagaki et al. FOK-080097 with flowers (holotype MBK0189902!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, spiral, long petiolate, 3-12 per ramet; blades oblong-ovate, 11-26.5 cm long, 3.6-10.5 cm, 2.1-3.3 times longer than wide, thinly papery, glabrous on both surfaces, base cuneate to obtuse, often decurrent, apex long acuminate, margin entire, veins in 6-10 pairs, smooth on the lower surface; petioles 3.4-22 cm long, narrowly winged, wing 0.1-0.6 cm wide, glabrous. Scape 8.6-28.5 cm long, terete. Raceme 5.9-18.5 cm long, 4-13-flowered; flower bracts vivid (not withering) in anthesis, erect, purplish light green, light bluish purple, ovate oblong-lanceolate, boat-shaped, 2-4.7 cm long, 0.2-0.7 cm wide, papery, glabrous, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers not fragrant; pedicels 1.4-2.5 cm long, glabrous; perianths 4-5.7 cm long, funnel-form, pale white-purple to light bluish-purple outside, almost white to light pale purple inside, midveins more or less purplish, glabrous, 6-lobed; tube dilated from apical 1/2, lobes triangular, 1.2-1.8 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, apex acute. Stamens 6, same or ca. 0.5 cm exerted from perianths; filaments 3.9-5.8 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, white, free, glabrous, anthers purple when fresh, dark blue-grey when dried, 3 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid, 0.6-0.7 cm long, style 4.5-6.5 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, up to 1 cm exerted from perianth, glabrous, stigma capitate. Young capsules 2.8 cm long (for MBK0087737).</p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering in late June to early August.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Kochi Prefecture: Tosa County, endemic to Mt. Inamura, Mt. Higashikado, and the surrounding area). It grows on cliffs.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> A specific epithet is derived from its habit of growing on rock cliffs (called  ‘taki’ in Kochi dialect) and flowering in June (Minazuki). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as VU (Vulnerable) because its population is estimated to be between 250 and 1000.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Taki-minazuki-giboshi (new).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Tosa County, Ookawa village, 900 m, 27 Jul. 2004, N. Inagaki et al. FOK-067742 with flowers and young fruits (MBK0087737!);  Tosa County ,  Tosa Town , 620 m elev., 24 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6478 - 6486, 6490 with flowers (FU!); Agawa-gun, Ino-cho,  Mt. Inamura , 1390 m elev., 2 Aug. 2019, Y. Oohira 14695 with flowers (MBK0314655!); Agawa-gun, Ino-cho, north cliff of  Mt. Inamura , 23 Jul. 2022, Se. Fujii JPN15229, 15230 with flowers (FU!)  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> The clade comprising this species and  H. longipedicellata is sister to all the other species in Clade 1 (Fig. 2), and its morphological similarities to  H. longipedicellata and  H. minazukiflora are considered to be derived from a common ancestor. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/78121A0F0DA55E8A81A3FDD7731470E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
55F71D71E399529B8E88A852E6AF67CE.text	55F71D71E399529B8E88A852E6AF67CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta takiminazukiflora subsp. grandis Se. Fujii & Yahara 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6  А .  Hosta takiminazukiflora subsp. grandis Se.Fujii &amp; Yahara subsp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 16</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Hosta takiminazukiflora subsp. grandis is distinguished from subsp.  Hosta takiminazukiflora takiminazukiflora in having scapes 31-36 cm long (compared to 8.6-28.5 cm long in subsp.  Hosta takiminazukiflora takiminazukiflora ), broader leaf blades (13-14 cm wide compared to 3.6-10.5 cm wide), cordate leaf base (vs. cuneate to obtuse), glaucous lower leaf surface, lateral veins 12-13 pairs (as opposed to 6-10 pairs), and petioles green, not dotted with purple. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Tosa-gun, Tosa-cho, along  Seto River , 24 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6487 with flowers (holotype FU!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, spiral, long petiolate, 3-5 per ramet; blades oblong-ovate, 22-25 cm long, 13-14 cm wide, 1.7-1.8 times longer than width, thinly papery, glabrous on both surfaces, base usually cordate, often decurrent, apex acuminate, margin entire, veins in 12-13 pairs, smooth or slightly papillose on the lower surface; petioles 35-38 cm long, narrowly winged, wing 0.3 cm wide, glabrous. Scape 31-36 cm long, terete. Raceme 12-15.5 cm long, 4-18-flowered; flower bracts vivid (not withering) in anthesis, erect, purplish light green, oblong-lanceolate, boat-shaped, 2.8-4.3 cm long, 0.4-0.5 cm wide, papery, glabrous, apex acuminate. Flowers not fragrant; pedicels 1.9-2 cm long, pale purple, glabrous; perianths 3.8-4.9 cm long, funnel-form, glabrous, 6-lobed, pale blue-purple outside, almost white to pale purple inside, midveins faintly purplish adaxially; tube dilated from apical 2/3, lobes oblong-triangular, 1.2-1.3 cm long, 0.7-0.8 cm wide, apex acute. Stamens 6, ca. 0.5 cm exerted from perianth; filaments 4.3-4.5 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, white, free, glabrous, anthers purple when fresh, dark blue-grey when dried, 3 mm long. Ovary ellipsoid, 0.6-0.7 cm long, style 4.5-5.1 cm long, upwardly curved at the distal part, ca. 1 cm exerted from perianth, glabrous, stigma capitate. Capsules or seeds not observed.</p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering in late June.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Japan (Kochi Prefecture) (endemic). This species grows on soil near waterfalls, whereas subsp.  Hosta takiminazukiflora takiminazukiflora grows on rock cliffs. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is derived from its larger plant size rather than that of the typical subspecies.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as CR (Critically endangered) because its population is estimated to be fewer than 50.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Setogawa-giboshi (new).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Tosa-gun, Tosa-cho, along  Seto River , 24 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6488 - 6489 with flowers (FU!); ditto, 24 Jun. 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12518 - 12521 with flowers (FU!)  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> In the type locality, subsp.  Hosta takiminazukiflora grandis grows side by side with subsp.  Hosta takiminazukiflora takiminazukiflora , and both subspecies flower simultaneously in late June, but the two subspecies are morphologically distinct and subsp.  Hosta takiminazukiflora grandis formed a monophyletic group significantly separated from the sympatric population of subsp.  Hosta takiminazukiflora takiminazukiflora . Therefore, subsp.  Hosta takiminazukiflora grandis appears to be an evolutionary distinct lineage. This lineage is of particular interest as a research material for studying rapid speciation under disruptive selection and also serves as a valuable resource for breeding  Hosta cultivars. Taking into account these characteristics, as well as its morphological distinctiveness, we distinguish it as a subspecies. Due to its limited population size, conservation measures are urgently necessary. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/55F71D71E399529B8E88A852E6AF67CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
A398401389DD5AFFAE7BEB7404B6A7BA.text	A398401389DD5AFFAE7BEB7404B6A7BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta tardiva Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 513. 1930.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1.  Hosta tardiva Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 513. 1930.</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Prov. Awa (Ehime Pref.): tractu  Myōtō , in oppido  Kamomyō , n.d., J. Nikai 1377 (holotype TI, n.v.)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A398401389DD5AFFAE7BEB7404B6A7BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
1E8A6E780F305B34A986512789246DDF.text	1E8A6E780F305B34A986512789246DDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta tardiva subsp. densinervia (Yahara & Hirota & Fujii & Kokami & Fuse & Sato & Tagane & Suyama 2023) Yahara & Se. Fujii, comb. & 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1B.  Hosta tardiva subsp. densinervia (N. Fujita &amp; M.N. Tamura) Yahara &amp; Se.Fujii, comb. &amp; stat. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 8</p>
            <p> Hosta kikutii var. densinervia N. Fujita &amp; M. N. Tamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 59: 34 (2008); Tamura &amp; Fujita in Iwatsuki et al., Fl. Jap. IVb: 143 (2016). Type. JAPAN, Shikoku: Tokushima Pref, Miyoshi-gun, Ikeda-cho, Shikino-kami Ferry, 27 Sep. 1965, with flowers, S. Takafuji 253 (holotype KYO!, isotype KYO!). </p>
            <p> Hosta kikutii var. polyneuron sensu Fujita, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 27: 80. 1976, p.p. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Mid-August to September.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Ehime, Kagawa, Kochi, and Tokushima Prefectures). This subspecies is distributed in the lower reaches of the Yoshino River, the middle and lower reaches of the Niyodo River, the headwater of the Shinjyo River (near the headwaters of the Shimanto River), and the lower reaches of the Shimanto River (Fig. 7). It grows in open habitats on rocks and soil along the riverbanks.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as LC (Least Concern) because its population is estimated to exceed 1000.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Sudare-giboshi (Maekawa 1952, excluding Yakushima-giboshi), Awa-giboshi (Fujita and Tamura 2008).</p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Ehime Pref.: Kamiukena-gun, Omogokei, 13 Aug. 1970, N. Fujita 269, with flowers (KYO!);  Saijyo City , 450 m elev., 6 Aug. 1971,  H. Takahashi &amp; N. Fujita 273 with young flower buds (KYO!); Nii-gun, 500 m elev., 30 Aug. 1955, G. Murata 9233 with flowers (KYO!)  .   Kagawa Pref.:  Mt. Otaki , 24 Sep. 1961, S. Sakaguchi s.n. with flowers (KYO!)  .   Kochi Pref.: Agawa-gun, Niyodogawa-cho,  Kuki , 80 m elev., 18 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara et al. JPN1255, 1258, 1263 with flowers (FU!); ditto, in the headwater of a tributary of  Shinjyo River , 900 m elev., cultivated in Makino Botanical Garden, 8 Apr. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN3929 sterile (FU!); Agawa-gun, Ino-cho, Kashiki, 40 m elev., 20 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara et al. JPN1331 - 1333 with flowers (FU!); Takaoka-gun, Ochi-cho, Kataoka, 50 m elev., 20 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara et al. JPN1375 - 1377 with flowers (FU!); ditto, Tokoroyama, 13 Sep. 1962, G. Murata 17106 and 17107 with flowers (KYO!); Hata-gun, Nakamura-cho, along the  Shimanto River , 20 Aug. 1913, Z. Tashiro s.n. with flowers (KYO!)  .   Tokushima Pref.: Miyoshi City, Shikino-kami, 90 m elev., 11 Apr. 2021, sterile, T. Yahara et al. JPN4071, 4072, and 4075 (FU!); Ikeda-cho, along the  Yoshino River , 16 Sep. 1971, C. Abe 43049 with flowers (KYO!); Miyoshi-gun, Minawa-mura, Kawasaki, along the  Iya River , 8 Sep. 1958, T. Yamanaka 26270 with flowers (KYO!)  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> This subspecies is morphologically more similar to  H. polyneuronoides , rather than to  H. tardiva subsp. tardiva . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E8A6E780F305B34A986512789246DDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
C4D4FDE9DB8E5426A02E07DD85B03A40.text	C4D4FDE9DB8E5426A02E07DD85B03A40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta tardiva subsp. tardiva	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1A.  Hosta tardiva subsp. tardiva</p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>August to September.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Shikoku Island). This species is widely distributed in Shikoku and typically thrives on herbaceous slopes near villages. It is cultivated in Honshu but often naturalized when it escapes cultivation.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be qualified as LC (Least Concern) because its population is estimated to exceed 1000.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Nankai-giboshi (Nakai 1930).</p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Japan. Kochi Pref.: Takaoka-gun,  Kubokawa-cho , 8 Aug. 2001, Se. Fujii 8725 (JPN10003, FU!), ditto, 23 Aug. 2002, Se. Fujii 9271 (JPN10002, FU!); Cultivated at Makino Botanical Garden (32 specimens listed in the Suppl. material 1; FU!)  . </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>In Shikoku, it usually grows near mountain villages, suggesting that its wild populations escaped from cultivation.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4D4FDE9DB8E5426A02E07DD85B03A40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
938D172DFD1C5E249B5166AD01316F33.text	938D172DFD1C5E249B5166AD01316F33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hosta tosana F. Maek., J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 5: 376. 1940.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 9.  Hosta tosana F. Maek., J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 5: 376. 1940.</p>
            <p>Fig. 21, 22, 23, 24</p>
            <p> Hosta tosana F. Maek., J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 5: 376. 1940. Type. Japan, Shikoku: Kochi Prefecture, Mt. Kajigamine (now called Kajigamori), T. Yoshinaga s.n. (unknown; not deposited in TI). </p>
            <p> Hosta kikutii var. tosana (F. Maek.) F. Maek., Engei-daijiten 2:633. 1950; Tamura &amp; Fujita in Iwatsuki et al. Fl. Jap. IVb: 143. 2016. </p>
            <p> Hosta tosana var. caput-avis F. Maek., J. Jap. Bot. 22: 64. 1948. Type. JAPAN. Kochi Pref., Yanase, K. Yasui 332 (unknown; not deposited in TI). </p>
            <p> Hosta caput-avis (F. Maek.) F. Maek. in Nakai, Iconogr. Pl. Asiae Orient. 5: 495. 1952. </p>
            <p> Hosta kikutii var. caput-avis (F. Maek.) F. Maek., Engei-daijiten (Encycl. Hort.) 2: 633. 1950; Fujita, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 27: 79. 1976. </p>
            <p>Phenology.</p>
            <p>Flowering in June to July.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p>Japan (Kochi and Tokushima Prefectures). This species grows on wet slopes, rocky cliffs, rocky riverbanks, and tree trunks in the elevations from 77 m to 1420 m.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>Using criterion D1 for IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2012, IUCN 2022), we recommend that this species be classified as NT (Near threatened) because its population is estimated to exceed 1000 but may be declining under the influence of deer browsing, river bank construction, and collection for horticulture.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Tosa-no-giboshi (Maekawa 1940), Unazuki-giboshi (Maekawa 1948).</p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Morphs corresponding to "var.  Hosta tosana tosana ": </p>
            <p> Kochi Pref.:   Locality not specified, cultivated in Tokyo, 1 Aug. 1943, Maekawa 7043 with flowers (TI; the cultivated plant may have been collected by T. Yoshinaga from the type locality, as this is the only specimen of this taxon deposited in TI, where Maekawa studied  Hosta ); Nagaoka-gun, Otoyo-cho,  Mt. Kajigamori , 30 Apr. 2022, Se. Fujii JPN12424 sterile (FU!); Kami City,  Monobe Town , O-dochi, 500 m elev., 25 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6619-6620 with flowers (FU!); ditto, Go-o-do, 553 m elev., cultivated at Makino Botanical Garden, 8 Apr. 2021, T. Yahara &amp; Se. Fujii JPN3931-3933 sterile (FU!); ditto, 600 m elev., 25 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6614 &amp; 6616 with flowers, JPN6611-6613, 6615 sterile (FU!); Miyanose, 400 m elev., T. Yahara et al. JPN6603 sterile (FU!); Befu, 550 m elev., cultivated at Makino Botanical Garden, 8 Apr. 2021, T. Yahara &amp; Se. Fujii JPN3934 sterile (FU!);  Befu Valley , 700 m elev., 25 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6553-6555 with flowers (FU!); Aki City, 77 m elev., cultivated at Makino Botanical Garden, 8 Apr. 2021, T. Yahara &amp; Se. Fujii JPN3935 sterile (FU!); Aki-gun, Kitagawa-mura, Shima, along the  Nahari River , 28 May 2022, K. Fuse et al. JPN12653 sterile (FU!). Tokushima Pref.:  Mt. Tsurugi , 14 Aug. 1931, Z. Tashiro s.n. with flowers (KYO!); ditto, below Minokoshi, 1400 m elev., 14 Aug. 1954, G. Murata 7977 with flowers (KYO!); ditto, 1420 m elev., 23 Jun. 2022, T. Yahara et al. JPN12821 -12823 sterile (FU!); Higashiiyayama-mura, Inter Sugeoi et Minokoshi, 800 m elev., 12 Aug. 1954, G. Murata 7814 &amp; 7816 with flowers and young fruits (KYO!); Naka County,  Wajiki Town , 14 Jul. 1965, S. Takafuji 216 with flowers (KYO!); ditto,  Kizawa Village , 24 Jul. 1980, S. Takafuji 1442 with flowers (KYO!); ditto,  Riu-toge in Miyahama-mura , 2 Jul. 1952, G. Murata 5752 with flowers (KYO!); ditto, Kizu Village, 24 Jul. 1974, S. Takafuji 950 with flowers (KYO!)  . </p>
            <p> Morphs corresponding to "var.  Hosta tosana caput-avis ": </p>
            <p>Kochi Pref.: Aki-gun, Yanase, 25 Jun. 2020, K. Fuse et al. 12536-12539 sterile (FU!); Kami City, Monobe Town, Befu Valley, 25 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6524-6526 with flower buds, 6571 with flowers, 6572 with flower buds (FU!); Mt. Ishidate, 25 Jun. 2021, T. Yahara et al. JPN6585-6587, 6593-6596 with flower buds (FU!); on the river bank of Yanase, 1000 m elev., 20 Jul. 1958, S. Hatusima 22009A with wilted flowers (KAG056576!); transplanted from Yanase, 29 Jun. 1960, S. Hatusima s.n. with flowers (KAG056577!); ditto, 10 Jun. 1967, Hatusima s.n. with flowers (KAG056578!).</p>
            <p>The Kagami River lineage:</p>
            <p>Kochi Pref.: Kochi City, Tosayama, Hirose, 85 m elev., 3 Oct. 2008, Hamaguchi &amp; N. Shintani PRC-00118 with fruits (MBK0208327!); ditto, 14 Jul. 2001, K. Hosokawa et al. FOK-001722 with flowers (MBK0104375!); Kuwao, 130 m elev., 14 Jul. 2013, A. Sakamoto FOS-004959 with flowers (MBK0247214!, MBK0247215!); from Kuwao to Tsuami, 27 Jul. 1968, N. Naruhashi &amp; M.Wakabayashi 223 with flowers (KYO!); Namekawa, 30 m elev., 19 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara et al. JPN1265 with fruit, JPN1266 sterile, JPN1267 sterile, JPN1269 with fruit (FU!); Kajitani, 160 m elev., 29 July 2013, A. Sakamoto FOS-005031 with young fruits (MBK0247386!) and FOS-005032 with young fruits (MBK0247387!); Miyanokubo, 160 m elev., 14 Jul. 2013, A. Sakamoto FOS-004958 with flowers (MBK0247213!); ditto, 170 m elev., 14 Jul. 2013, A. Sakamoto FOS-004957 with fruits (MBK0247212!); Oh-ana Valley, 110 m elev., 19 Aug. 2020, T. Yahara et al. JPN1298 sterile, JPN1299 sterile, JPN1307 with flowers (FU!); Kagami-mura, Kawaguchi, along the Kagami River, 9 Jul. 1958, T. Yamanaka 25548 with flowers (KYO!).</p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> The Kagami River lineage is sister to a clade comprising all other samples (Fig. 5). It is morphologically distinguished from other samples by having leaves with fewer lateral veins (5-11 compared to 10-13) that run at wider intervals (1 cm vs 0.7 cm), and it is distinct in its occurrence at elevations below 300 m (compared to elevations ranging from 77 m to 1420 m, usually above 300 m). It is likely that this lineage could be classified as a subspecies of  H. tosana or a separate species. However, further studies are necessary to arrive at definitive conclusions regarding this lineage because  H. tosana is a polymorphic species widely distributed in the eastern part of Shikoku. Nonetheless, our collections did not cover the entire range of this species. </p>
            <p> According to the MIG-seq tree, two genetically distinct lineages are distributed along the Monobe River in Kami City (Figs 5, 6). The lineages were identified as  H. tosana var. tosana and  H. tosana var. caput-avis . However, population genetic evidence shows that the two varieties hybridize in the sympatric population along the Befu Valley. The available evidence indicates that var.  Hosta tosana caput-avis is difficult to distinguish from var.  Hosta tosana tosana in Kami City. </p>
            <p> While the two varieties appeared to lack distinction in Kami City, the population of Yanase, which serves as the type locality for  H. tosana var. caput-avis , exhibited clear differentiation from the populations in Kami City. However, just like in the case of the Kagami River lineage, further studies using a larger sample size are necessary to definitively conclude about the Yanase lineage. </p>
            <p> A lineage distributed in SE Kinki, Honshu (  H. sp. 4 in Fig. 1) was identified as  H. kikutii var. caput-avis by Fujita (1976) and Fujita and Tamura (2008), and later treated as  H. kikutii var. tosana by Tamura and Fujita (2016). However, it is not related to  H. tosana of Clade 4, but to  H. longipes of Clade 6 (Fig. 1). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/938D172DFD1C5E249B5166AD01316F33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yahara, Tetsukazu;Hirota, Shun K.;Fujii, Seiko;Kokami, Yasushi;Fuse, Kengo;Sato, Hiroyuki;Tagane, Shuichiro;Suyama, Yoshihisa	Yahara, Tetsukazu, Hirota, Shun K., Fujii, Seiko, Kokami, Yasushi, Fuse, Kengo, Sato, Hiroyuki, Tagane, Shuichiro, Suyama, Yoshihisa (2023): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Hosta (Asparagaceae) on Shikoku Island, Japan, including five new species, one new subspecies, and two new status assignments. PhytoKeys 235: 137-187, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.235.99140
