taxonID	type	description	language	source
038087A1E028FFB3FF120B91FD89FC86.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Dasybatotrema Price, 1938 Other genera: Anoplocotyloides Young, 1967; Mehracotyle Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 2002; Peruanocotyle n. gen.; Timofeevia Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E028FFB3FF120B91FD89FC86.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis: Haptor with one central and seven or eight peripheral loculi. Marginal membrane present. Anchors (= hamuli) present; deep root elongate, greater than half the length of the radial septa or much shorter than width of marginal membrane; superficial root well developed or reduced. Hooks distributed in marginal membrane; hook shaft narrow. Marginal haptoral papillae present or absent. Papillary sclerites, septal sclerites, sinuous sclerotised septal ridge, dorsal haptoral unsclerotised protuberances and dorsal haptoral accessory sclerites absent. Numerous anterior gland duct openings present. Eye-spots present or absent. Intestinal ceca without diverticula or with large lateral and medial diverticula, not confluent posteriorly. Male copulatory organ sclerotized. Accessory piece present or absent. Accessory filament present or absent. Sheath absent. Common genital pore unarmed. Testis single or four. Ejaculatory bulb with bipartite internal seminal vesicle (= spherical internal chamber) present or absent. Ovary looping or not right intestinal cecum; proximal portion of ovary with clavate lobes or not; distal portion of ovary sinuous, strongly coiled or straight. Vagina single, vaginal wall sclerotized or unsclerotised; vaginal pore unarmed. Oötype with ascending limb only. Gill parasites of dasyatids, glaucostegids, rajids and rhinobatids.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E028FFB2FF120873FCF0FD25.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E028FFB2FF120873FCF0FD25.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The genus name refers to the country where the specimens were found.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E028FFB2FF120873FCF0FD25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Monocotylidae. Dasybatotreminae. Body comprising body proper (cephalic region and trunk) and haptor. Anterior attachment organ well-developed, broadly ovoid, with oblique grooves, an anteromedial notch and numerous anterior gland duct openings. Three prominent anterior glands (one medial and two laterals) containing granular secretion present. Numerous peripheral glands starting from anterior glands, encircling oral opening. Eyespots absent. Mouth surrounded by numerous small dome-like papillae. Intestinal ceca with large lateral and medial diverticula, diverticula extending from anterior to posterior end of body proper, not confluent posteriorly. Trunk panduriform. Haptor having one central loculus and eight peripheral loculi. Marginal membrane present. Marginal haptoral papillae, papillary sclerites, septal sclerites, sinuous sclerotised septal ridge, dorsal haptoral unsclerotised protuberances and dorsal haptoral accessory sclerites absent. Anchors (= hamuli) present, much shorter than width of marginal membrane, with deep root elongate and superficial root not reduced. Accessory sclerotized piece on the anchor present. Seven pairs of similar hooks distributed in marginal membrane, each with short sweeping point and slightly narrow shack. Testes four, arranged in two groups of two testes. Ejaculatory duct with slightly sclerotized walls, having proximal (with criss-crossed creases) and distal portion (highly convoluted). Ejaculatory bulb well-developed, highly muscular, with one bipartite internal seminal vesicle (= spherical internal chamber); distal portion of ejaculatory bulb with numerous male accessory glands. Male copulatory organ (MCO) sclerotized, composed of four connate tubes (one tube more or less attached parallel to another tubes). Accessory piece present. Accessory filament of MCO absent. Sheath absent. Ovary looping right intestinal cecum, with proximal and distal portions; proximal ovary with six clavate lobes; distal ovary tube-like, strongly coiled. Vagina single, vaginal wall sclerotized; vaginal pore unarmed. Common genital pore unarmed. Gill parasites of dasyatids (stingrays).	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E028FFB2FF120873FCF0FD25.taxon	discussion	Remarks: As stated by Chisholm et al. (2001), the Monocotylidae includes 7 recognized subfamilies with species that parasitize exclusively marine and freshwater chondrichthyans, namely Calicotylinae Monticelli, 1903; Dasybatotreminae; Decacotylinae Chisholm, Wheelerv & Beverley-Burton, 1995; Euzetiinae Chisholm & Whittington, 2001; Heterocotylinae Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995; Merizocotylinae Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and Monocotylinae Taschenberg, 1879. The new genus is placed in the Dasybatotreminae by having an anterior attachment organ with numerous anterior gland duct openings and an elongate deep root on the anchors (Chisholm et al. 2001). The subfamily currently includes four genera parasitizing marine chondrichthyans, Anoplocotyloides Young, 1967; Dasybatotrema Price, 1938; Mehracotyle Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 2002 and Timofeevia Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995 (Chisholm et al. 2001, Neifar et al. 2002). Peruanocotyle n. gen. can be readily distinguished from the other genera of the Dasybatotreminae by the morphology of the cephalic region, which is unique in the subfamily in possessing a broadly ovoid anterior attachment organ, having numerous grooves and an antero-medial notch and by having anchors much shorter than the width of marginal membrane. In addition, the new taxa can be differentiated from all other species of the Dasybatotreminae by having three prominent anterior glands, which originating from numerous peripheral glands that encircling oral opening and by the morphology of the male copulatory organ, which is composed of four connate tubes. Additionally, the new taxa also differs from all previously described in the subfamily by the following combination of characters: haptor with one central and eight peripheral loculi; ovary having proximal (with six clavate lobules) and distal (strongly coiled) portions; ejaculatory duct with slightly sclerotized walls, having proximal (with criss-crossed creases) and distal portion (highly convoluted); ejaculatory bulb with one bipartite internal seminal vesicle; anchor with an accessory sclerotized piece; intestinal caeca with large lateral and medial diverticula; oral opening surrounded by numerous small papillae; and four oval testes.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E029FFB5FF1209DEFE2CFC21.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 8)	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E029FFB5FF1209DEFE2CFC21.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), diamond stingray. Site on host: Gill filaments. Type locality: Callao, Lima, Peru (12 ° 04 ' S, 77 ° 10 ' W), South America. Prevalence: 2 of 8 hosts infected (25 %) with a total of 4 worms.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E029FFB5FF1209DEFE2CFC21.taxon	description	Mean intensity of infection: 2 monogeneans per infected host (range 1 – 3).	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E029FFB5FF1209DEFE2CFC21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype, CHIOC 39080 a; 3 paratypes, CHIOC 39080 b-d.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E029FFB5FF1209DEFE2CFC21.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is named in honor of Dr. Leslie Chisholm (The South Australian Museum, Australia) for her contribution to the systematics of Monocotylidae.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E029FFB5FF1209DEFE2CFC21.taxon	description	Description: Based on 1 specimen mounted in Gray and Wess medium and 3 specimens flattened under slight coverslip pressure and stained with Semichon's carmine. Body 7.13 – 7.65 (n = 3) mm long, 2.08 – 2.27 (n = 3) mm wide at level of posterior third of trunk, slightly constricted at level of testes (Fig. 1) Tegument smooth. Haptor wheel-shaped (Fig. 1), 1.49 – 1.78 (n = 3) mm long, 1.38 – 1.94 (n = 3) mm wide, with one central loculus and eight peripheral loculi; marginal membrane delicate, uniform, 106 – 122 (n = 3) wide. Anchor 32 – 63 (n = 4) long, associated with posterolateral septa, with deep and superficial roots distinct; elongate deep root, having small protuberances distally; rounded and thick superficial root; slightly curved shaft and recurved point, point reaching level of tip of superficial root (Fig. 3). Fourteen similar hooks, 14 – 15 (n = 8) long, distributed in the marginal membrane as depicted (Fig. 1), each with short and curved point, protruding thumb and uniform shank with curved proximal tip; filamentous hook (FH) loop extending to near level of proximal end of shank (Fig. 4). Anterior attachment organ well-developed, broadly ovoid, 1.36 – 1.57 (n = 3) mm long, 1.70 – 1.84 (n = 3) mm wide, having 79 – 91 oblique grooves and one anteromedial notch, overlapping anterior end of pharynx (Figs. 1 – 2). Three anterior glands, one medial (amg) and two laterals (alg), well-developed having irregular shape (Fig. 2). Peripheral glands (pg) encircling oral opening, 18 – 20 in number (Fig. 2). Eye-spots absent. Mouth ventral, subterminal, surrounded by numerous dome-like papillae (Fig. 2), each papilla 25 – 27 (n = 3) long. Pharynx muscular, subquadrangular, with gland cells surrounding posterior portion, 479 – 587 (n = 3) long, 555 – 611 (n = 3) wide, with 10 – 11 transversal muscular packets; esophagus short to indistinct. Intestinal bifurcation anterior to common genital aperture; intestinal caeca with large lateral and medial diverticula, extending from anterior to posterior end of body proper, some diverticula partially surround testes, not confluent posteriorly (Figs. 1, 7). Common genital pore unarmed. Testes ovate, 4 in number, 536 – 785 (n = 12) long, 335 – 472 (n = 12) wide, arranged in two groups limited to intercaecal field, well separated from posterior end of body (Figs. 1, 8). Vas deferens highly convoluted, runs anteriorly dorsal to vagina, narrowing and looping before joining seminal vesicle (Figs. 1, 8). Seminal vesicle almost fusiform, lying sinestrolateral to distal portion of oötype, continues as a sinuous duct, curves dorsal to ejaculatory bulb to right side of the body and goes to base of ejaculatory bulb, where it enters and form an internal seminal vesicle. Internal seminal vesicle bipartite (Fig. 8). Ejaculatory duct, which arises from the internal seminal vesicle, having slightly sclerotized walls, with proximal and distal portion; proximal portion with criss-crossed creases; distal portion highly convoluted (Fig. 8). Ejaculatory bulb well-developed, highly muscular, ovate, 362 – 371 (n = 3) long, 217 – 265 (n = 3) wide, anteromedial to oötype; distal portion of ejaculatory bulb with numerous male accessory glands (Fig. 8). Male copulatory organ sclerotized, whip-shaped, 1.18 – 1.20 (n = 2) mm long, comprising four connate tubes; distal end of MCO ending in four interlaced extensions, two of them armed with 14 – 15 fine spines (Figs. 5 – 6). Accessory piece sclerotized, inverted T-shaped (Fig. 5), 110 – 115 (n = 2) long. Ovary lying anterodextral to testicular field, 7 01 – 868 (n = 3) long, 760 – 836 (n = 3) wide, looping right intestinal cecum, not overlapping testicular field, with proximal and distal portions; proximal ovary with six clavate lobes, each 103 – 154 (n = 8) long, 111 – 150 (n = 8) wide, ventral and slightly posterior to distal portion of ovary; distal ovary tubelike, strongly coiled, narrows to form short oviduct (Fig. 8). Oötype 318 – 410 (n = 2) long, 240 – 290 (n = 2) wide, proximal end slightly sinuous (Fig. 8). Vaginal pore unarmed, surrounded by numerous gland cells densely grouped, opening ventrally on left side, 2.31 – 2.46 (n = 3) mm from anterior end. Vagina weakly sclerotized, funnel-shaped, lying obliquely on left side of body anterior to ovary; gland cells surrounding along its entire length; proximal portion of vagina connected to ovate seminal receptacle by a narrow duct (Fig. 8); seminal receptacle 117 – 137 (n = 2) long, 73 – 82 (n = 2) wide. Vitelline follicles dense, extending from prepharyngeal level to posterior end of trunk, absent in regions of reproductive organs, lateral fields of follicles confluent posterior to testes (Fig. 1). Excretory bladders parallel, extending from pharyngeal region to level of intestinal bifurcation (Fig. 1). Tetrahedral egg (albeit distorted) observed in oötype.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
038087A1E029FFB5FF1209DEFE2CFC21.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp. is the type species of the genus. The new species is characterized by having a whip-shaped male copulatory organ, ending in four interlaced extensions, two of them armed with fine spines.	en	Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4
