taxonID	type	description	language	source
038C8788E84AFFBCFF792931FE8132CC.taxon	vernacular_names	Requiem Sharks, Blue Sharks, Lemon Sharks, Sharpnose Sharks, Tiger Sharks, Whitenose Sharks, Whitetip Sharks; Cazones, Tintoreras, Tiburones	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84AFFBCFF792931FE8132CC.taxon	description	Description: Body elongate and robust; up to 740 cm in length; nostrils without barbels or grooves; nictitating eyelids internal; mouth large, arched, extends well behind eyes; teeth of variable sizes, blade-like; spiracles usually absent; five gill slits, the last two over the pectoral fin base; intestine with scroll valve, lacking spiral valve; two dorsal fins, with margins undulated; pelvic fins modified as copulatory organs in males; precaudal pit present; caudal fin strongly asymmetrical, with the lower lobe well developed and the upper lobe with an undulating ridge along its top edge and a notch under its tip (Robertson & Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, occasionally in freshwater rivers and lakes, tropical to warm temperate, continental and insular shelves and slopes and oceanic; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E849FFBEFF792B65FC4635F5.taxon	description	Description: Body strongly depressed; anterior edge of the greatly enlarged pectoral fins attached to the sides of the head via the antorbital cartilage; up to 200 cm in length; disc not more than 1.3 times as broad as long; eyes and spiracles on dorsal surface; gill openings ventral; pelvic fins modified as copulatory organs in males; anal fin absent; tail long (distance from cloaca to tip much longer than disc width), very slender to whip-like, without dorsal fin but with one or more long, poisonous spines; caudal fin absent (Robertson & Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (continental and insular shelves and uppermost slopes, few species oceanic), brackish and freshwater; tropical to warm temperate, Atlantic (including the Mediterranean Sea), Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E848FFBEFF792EE5FD5B3025.taxon	description	Description: Body strongly depressed; anterior edge of the greatly enlarged pectoral fins attached to the sides of the head via the antorbital cartilage; up to about 100 cm in length; disc a rounded rhomboid, wider than long, evenly rounded at the front; eyes and spiracles on dorsal surface; gill openings ventral; pelvic fins modified as copulatory organs in males; anal fin absent; tail long (distance from cloaca to tip much longer than disc width), very slender to whip-like, without dorsal fin but with one or more long, poisonous spines; caudal fin absent (Nelson et al. 2016).	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E848FFBEFF792EE5FD5B3025.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Marine (continental and insular shelves and uppermost slopes), brackish and freshwater (mostly); tropical to warm temperate, North, Central and South America and Atlantic and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E850FFA6FF792E3DFCE83769.taxon	description	Description: Body variable, usually slightly elongate and robust; up to 250 cm, usually less than 100 cm, in length; barbels usually present; lips usually thin; plicae or papillae absent; mouth sometimes sucker-like; upper jaw bordered only by premaxilla (i. e., maxilla excluded from gape), usually protrusible; spinelike rays in dorsal fin in some taxa (Nelson et al. 2016, Froese & Pauly 2023). Distribution: Freshwater, very rarely in brackish water; naturally from North America (northern Canada to southern Mexico), Africa and Eurasia, introduced elsewhere (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85CFFAAFF79299CFC363355.taxon	materials_examined	Vouchers: UCR 0267 - 009 (1), 0448 - 005 (2) and 0449 - 002 (1); FMNH IBUNAM 13775 (1) and 13777 (1).	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86BFF9DFF7928D1FC3F3251.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Marine (often brackish), rarely freshwater; worldwide, all tropical and subtropical seas (Robertson & Allen 2015). One genus and three species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86DFF9BFF792924FE7932E5.taxon	materials_examined	Vouchers: UCR 3224 - 002 (2) and 3225 - 003 (8); other collections: IBUNAM 13722 (1), 13723 (1) and 13724 (1).	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E808FFFEFF792963FB853212.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Marine, brackish, and freshwater; circumglobal, tropical to subtropical waters (Robertson & Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.	en	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
