identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038C8788E84AFFBCFF792931FE8132CC.text	038C8788E84AFFBCFF792931FE8132CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carcharhinidae Jordan & Evermann 1896	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Carcharhinidae Jordan &amp; Evermann 1896 (Fig. 2A). </p>
            <p>Requiem Sharks, Blue Sharks, Lemon Sharks, Sharpnose Sharks, Tiger Sharks, Whitenose Sharks, Whitetip Sharks; Cazones, Tintoreras, Tiburones</p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate and robust; up to 740 cm in length; nostrils without barbels or grooves; nictitating eyelids internal; mouth large, arched, extends well behind eyes; teeth of variable sizes, blade-like; spiracles usually absent; five gill slits, the last two over the pectoral fin base; intestine with scroll valve, lacking spiral valve; two dorsal fins, with margins undulated; pelvic fins modified as copulatory organs in males; precaudal pit present; caudal fin strongly asymmetrical, with the lower lobe well developed and the upper lobe with an undulating ridge along its top edge and a notch under its tip (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, occasionally in freshwater rivers and lakes, tropical to warm temperate, continental and insular shelves and slopes and oceanic; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84AFFBCFF792931FE8132CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84AFFBFFF792AC1FB1B35F5.text	038C8788E84AFFBFFF792AC1FB1B35F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes 1839)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes 1839) (Fig. 6A). Bull Shark; Tiburón Toro, Madrecazón, Tiburón Sarda </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 1082-001 (1) and 1089-001 (1); other collections: MCZ 35896 (1). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NT (2009), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 103, as  Carcharhinus nicaraguensis Gill 1877 —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Fowler (1923: 24, as  Eulamia milberti (Müller &amp; Henle 1839) —misidentification; listed, including information on distribution), Thorson et al. (1966: 385; detailed description, taxonomic status, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 43, also as  C. nicaraguensis —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 60; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 51; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 95; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 95; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 19; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84AFFBFFF792AC1FB1B35F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E849FFBEFF792B65FC4635F5.text	038C8788E849FFBEFF792B65FC4635F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyatidae Jordan & Gilbert 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Dasyatidae Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1879 (Fig. 2C). Whiptail Stingrays; Rayas Batonas, Chupares, Rayas de Espina, Rayas Látigo </p>
            <p>Description: Body strongly depressed; anterior edge of the greatly enlarged pectoral fins attached to the sides of the head via the antorbital cartilage; up to 200 cm in length; disc not more than 1.3 times as broad as long; eyes and spiracles on dorsal surface; gill openings ventral; pelvic fins modified as copulatory organs in males; anal fin absent; tail long (distance from cloaca to tip much longer than disc width), very slender to whip-like, without dorsal fin but with one or more long, poisonous spines; caudal fin absent (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (continental and insular shelves and uppermost slopes, few species oceanic), brackish and freshwater; tropical to warm temperate, Atlantic (including the Mediterranean Sea), Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E849FFBEFF792B65FC4635F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E849FFBFFF792E3DFDEF3745.text	038C8788E849FFBFFF792E3DFDEF3745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristidae Bonaparte 1835	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Pristidae Bonaparte 1835 (Fig. 2B). Sawfishes; Pejesierras, Pejeserruchos, Pejepeines </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate and depressed at front, shark-like; up to 500 cm in length; snout produced in a long flat blade with teeth on each side (teeth of equal size and embedded in deep sockets); anterior edge of the greatly pectoral fins attached to the sides of the head via the anteorbital cartilage; eyes and spiracles on dorsal surface; gill openings ventral; pelvic fins modified as copulatory organs in males; two distinct dorsal fins; caudal fin present (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (rarely occurring in freshwater and ascending rivers), continental shelves; circumtropical, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E849FFBFFF792E3DFDEF3745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E849FFBFFF792F78FE7930DD.text	038C8788E849FFBFFF792F78FE7930DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristis pectinata Latham 1794	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pristis pectinata Latham 1794 . Smalltooth Sawfish; Pez Sierra, Pejesierra, Pez Peine, Pejepeine </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; CR A2cd (2013), population trend decreasing. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 58, as  Pristis pectinatus —misspelled; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Faria et al. (2013: 136; brief description, identification key and information on distribution), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 171; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and information on ecology) and Angulo (2021: 19; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E849FFBFFF792F78FE7930DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E849FFBFFF7928D0FBDC329D.text	038C8788E849FFBFFF7928D0FBDC329D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristis pristis (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pristis pristis (Linnaeus 1758) (Fig. 6B). Largetooth Sawfish, Common Sawfish; Pez Sierra, Pejesierra </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) CAS 232274 (2). Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; CR A2cd (2013), population trend decreasing. Literature: Meek (1907: 104, as  Pristis aniquorum Latham 1794 —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 56, as  Pristis perotteti Valenciennes 1841 —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 65, as  P. perotteti —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 53; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Faria et al. (2013: 136; redescription, including an illustration, identification key and information on distribution), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2309; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 171; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Valerio-Vargas &amp; Espinoza (2019: 231; distribution in Costa Rica, with a map, and conservation status) and Angulo (2021: 20; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E849FFBFFF7928D0FBDC329D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E848FFB9FF792B2CFCC83589.text	038C8788E848FFB9FF792B2CFCC83589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atractosteus tropicus Gill 1863	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Atractosteus tropicus Gill 1863 (Fig. 6E). Tropical Gar; Gaspar, Pejelagarto, Gaspar Tropical </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0542-009 (2), 1049-001 (3), 1064-001 (1), 1084-001 (1) and 1085-001 (1); FMNH 5900 (1), 5901 (6), 5902 (1) and 83719 (1); other collections: UMMZ 204003 (1) and 204004 (1). Distribution: North and Central America; from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) IM, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 20–31 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend decreasing. Literature: Meek (1907: 104, as  Lepisosteus tropicus —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Fowler (1923: 24, as  L. tropicus —synonym; listed, including information on distribution), Astorqui (1975: 60, as  L. tropicus —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 70, also as  Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803) —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 57; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2629; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 20; listed, including information on distribution) and Palacios et al. (2023: 1; Conservation genetics, including information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E848FFB9FF792B2CFCC83589	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E848FFBEFF792DA8FC8636B1.text	038C8788E848FFBEFF792DA8FC8636B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypanus americanus (Hildebrand & Schroeder 1928)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hypanus americanus (Hildebrand &amp; Schroeder 1928) (Fig. 6C). Southern Stingray; Raya-Látigo Americana, Raya Látigo Blanca </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NT A2bd (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 44, as  Dasyatis americanus —synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2740; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E848FFBEFF792DA8FC8636B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E848FFBEFF792A29FC463379.text	038C8788E848FFBEFF792A29FC463379.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepisosteidae Agassiz 1832	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Lepisosteidae Agassiz 1832 (Fig. 2E). Gars; Gaspares, Pejelagartos </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, cylindrical; up to 300 cm in length; nostrils at front of snout; snout long and conical, with large fangs in both jaws; scales ganoid, about 50–65 along the lateral line; dorsal fin far posterior, with few rays; abbreviated heterocercal tail (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Freshwater, occasionally brackish, very rarely in marine water; eastern North America, Central America (south to Costa Rica) and Cuba (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E848FFBEFF792A29FC463379	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E848FFBEFF792EE5FD5B3025.text	038C8788E848FFBEFF792EE5FD5B3025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Potamotrygonidae Garman 1877	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Potamotrygonidae Garman 1877 (Fig. 2D). River Stingrays, Whiptail Stingrays; Rayas de Espina, Rayas Látigo </p>
            <p>Description: Body strongly depressed; anterior edge of the greatly enlarged pectoral fins attached to the sides of the head via the antorbital cartilage; up to about 100 cm in length; disc a rounded rhomboid, wider than long, evenly rounded at the front; eyes and spiracles on dorsal surface; gill openings ventral; pelvic fins modified as copulatory organs in males; anal fin absent; tail long (distance from cloaca to tip much longer than disc width), very slender to whip-like, without dorsal fin but with one or more long, poisonous spines; caudal fin absent (Nelson et al. 2016).</p>
            <p>Distribution: Marine (continental and insular shelves and uppermost slopes), brackish and freshwater (mostly); tropical to warm temperate, North, Central and South America and Atlantic and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E848FFBEFF792EE5FD5B3025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E848FFBEFF792898FB1431E1.text	038C8788E848FFBEFF792898FB1431E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Styracura schmardae (Werner 1904)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Styracura schmardae (Werner 1904) (Fig. 6D). Caribbean Whiptail Stingray; Raya Coluda Caribeña, Chupare, Lebisa </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   Not available.  Distribution :  Western Atlantic Ocean ; from  southern Mexico ,  Bahamas and Cuba to French Guiana; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; EN A2d (2021), population trend decreasing  . </p>
            <p> Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 44, as  Himmantura schmardae —misspelled and synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2746; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E848FFBEFF792898FB1431E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84FFFB9FF792E91FB6137B5.text	038C8788E84FFFB9FF792E91FB6137B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elopidae Valenciennes 1847	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Elopidae Valenciennes 1847 (Fig. 2F). Ladyfishes, Tenpounders, Machetes; Macabís, Machetes, Peces Torpedo </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, slender and rounded (little compressed), fusiform; up to 100 cm in length; mouth terminal and relatively long, ending past eye; teeth small, granular, on jaws, roof of mouth, tongue and base of gill arches; scales relatively small, usually 95–120 in lateral-line; all fins without spines; pelvic-fin rays usually 12–16; a single dorsal fin, usually with 20–25 rays, the last ray not elongate; insertion of pelvic fin beneath or posterior to the origin of the dorsal fin; anal-fin rays usually 13–18; caudal fin strongly forked; usually silvery in color (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Mainly marine (rarely brackish and freshwater); tropical and subtropical oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84FFFB9FF792E91FB6137B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84FFFB9FF792FE8FBCC3171.text	038C8788E84FFFB9FF792FE8FBCC3171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elops affinis Regan 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Elops affinis 
Regan 1909 . Pacific Ladyfish, Pacific Machete;  Machete del Pacífico Oriental, Pez Torpedo, Macabí, Malacho </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California, USA, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 76; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 286; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 20; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84FFFB9FF792FE8FBCC3171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84FFFB9FF792924FB14322D.text	038C8788E84FFFB9FF792924FB14322D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elops smithi McBride	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Elops smithi 
McBride , Rocha, Ruiz-Carus &amp; Bowen 2010. Malacho Ladyfish,  Southern Ladyfish ; Machete, Malacho Sureño, Banano Sureño </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New England, USA, to southern Argentina; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2012), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p> Literature: Villa (1982: 76, as  Elops saurus —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4787; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84FFFB9FF792924FB14322D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84FFFB9FF792A61FDBC330D.text	038C8788E84FFFB9FF792A61FDBC330D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megalopidae Jordan & Gilbert 1883	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Megalopidae Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1883 (Fig. 2G). Tarpons; Sábalos, Tarpones </p>
            <p>Description: Body oblong but elongate, strongly compressed; head short, deep, with the profile straight above and convex below; up to 240 cm in length; mouth large, oblique, opening above, lower jaw projecting; scales very large, smooth; a single dorsal fin, with 13–21 rays, the last ray elongated; pelvic-fin rays 10 or 11; anal-fin rays usually 22–29; caudal fin strongly forked; silvery in color (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Mainly marine but enters freshwaters; tropical and subtropical oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84FFFB9FF792A61FDBC330D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84EFFBBFF792B6CFBCC36B1.text	038C8788E84EFFBBFF792B6CFBCC36B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes 1847	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes 1847 (Fig. 6F). Tarpon, Atlantic Tarpon; Sábalo, Sábalo Real, Tarpón, Tarpón del Atlántico </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 1091-001 (1) and 1092-001 (1). Distribution: Atlantic and Eastern Pacific oceans; from southern Nova Scotia, Canada, to southern Brazil in the western Atlantic, from southern France to Angola in the eastern Atlantic and from southern Guatemala to southern Colombia in the Eastern Pacific; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; VU A2bd (2019), population trend decreasing. Literature: Meek (1907: 111, as Tarpon atlanticus —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 93; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 77, as  T. atlanticus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 61; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 81; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 153; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2522; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 36; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2522; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Castellanos-Galindo et al. (2019: 401; information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 20; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84EFFBBFF792B6CFBCC36B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84DFFBAFF792B6BFDBC3561.text	038C8788E84DFFBAFF792B6BFDBC3561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anguillidae Rafinesque 1810	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Anguillidae Rafinesque 1810 (Fig. 2I). Freshwater Eels; Anguilas de Agua Dulce </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, eel-shaped, more or less rounded in cross section; up to 150 cm in length; mouth reaching to under rear edge of eye, lower jaw slightly protruding; gill opening crescentic, lateral; scales minute, embedded and arranged in a basket-weave pattern; pectoral fins well developed; dorsal-fin origin well behind the pectoral fins; dorsal and anal fins continuous with the caudal fin (Nelson et al. 2016, Robertson &amp; Van Tassell 2019). Distribution: Catadromous, tropical and temperate oceans except the eastern Pacific and southern Atlantic, and freshwater in coastal areas of eastern North and Central America (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84DFFBAFF792B6BFDBC3561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84DFFBBFF7928F3FE88327E.text	038C8788E84DFFBBFF7928F3FE88327E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrophis punctatus Lutken 1852	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Myrophis punctatus Lütken 1852 . Speckled Worm Eel; Tieso Gusano, Safío Pecoso </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern North Carolina, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 83; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2843; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 21; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84DFFBBFF7928F3FE88327E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84DFFBBFF792A2FFE883316.text	038C8788E84DFFBBFF792A2FFE883316.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrophis vafer Jordan & Gilbert 1883	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Myrophis vafer Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1883. Pacific Worm Eel; Anguila Lombriz Común, Serpentón Gusano, Tieso Lombriz </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) CUMV 64703 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California, USA, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–17 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 84; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp;Allen (2015: 360; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 21; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84DFFBBFF792A2FFE883316	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84DFFBBFF792F7FFCEB30C2.text	038C8788E84DFFBBFF792F7FFCEB30C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophichthidae Gunther 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Ophichthidae Günther 1870 (Fig. 2H). Snake Eels, Finless Eels, Ridgefin Eels, Worm Eels, Sailfin Eels, Sand Eels, Spoon-Nose Eels, Viper Eels; Anguilas Culebra, Serpentones, Tiesos </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, eel-shaped, more or less rounded in cross section; up to 250 cm in length; eyes usually small, situated just above the mouth; snout pointed or nearly so, and frequently overhangs the lower jaw; nostrils widely separated, the anterior nostril normally tubular, the posterior nostril usually within or piercing the upper lip; gill openings on mid-side to underneath the body; gill pouch expanded and reinforced by rays; scales absent; pectoral fins present or absent; tail finless and pointed or conspicuous and confluent with the dorsal and anal fins (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, continental shelf, rarely in midwater, some species in or occasionally entering freshwater; coastal areas of tropical to warm temperate oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84DFFBBFF792F7FFCEB30C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84CFFBAFF7928D0FAE831BD.text	038C8788E84CFFBAFF7928D0FAE831BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa curta (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa curta (Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1882). Short Anchovy; Anchoa Corta, Plástica </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from central Baja California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–12 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 94; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 480; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 22; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84CFFBAFF7928D0FAE831BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84CFFBAFF7929F0FDEB3355.text	038C8788E84CFFBAFF7929F0FDEB3355.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus 1758) . Broad-Striped Anchovy, Striped Anchovy; Anchoa Listada, Plástica </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Uruguay; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–10 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 94; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 68; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 45; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2947; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84CFFBAFF7929F0FDEB3355	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84CFFA5FF792B48FDEB3561.text	038C8788E84CFFA5FF792B48FDEB3561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand 1943	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand 1943 . Bigeye Anchovy, Regan’s Anchovy, Silverstripe Anchovy; Manjúa Ojuda, Plástica </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Florida, USA, to Guyana; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–10 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 94; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2949; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84CFFA5FF792B48FDEB3561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84CFFBAFF792D54FCAF368D.text	038C8788E84CFFBAFF792D54FCAF368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur 1817) (Fig. 6G). American Eel; Anguila, Anguila de Mar, Anguila Verdadera, Anguila Americana </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0448-006 (1) and 0457-015 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Greenland to northwestern Venezuela; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF and IM (Atlantic); 0–350 masl; Per, Dia, Cat. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; EN A2bd (2017), population trend decreasing. Literature: Villa (1982: 81; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 64; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 175; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2770; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 21; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84CFFBAFF792D54FCAF368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E84CFFBAFF792F95FE8130DD.text	038C8788E84CFFBAFF792F95FE8130DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Engraulidae Gill 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Engraulidae Gill 1861 (Fig. 2J). Anchovies; Anchoas, Anchovetas, Boquerones, Plásticas </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, herring-like, slightly compressed; up to 35 cm in length; snout blunt, prominent, upper jaw projecting beyond the tip of the lower jaw in most species; rear of the mouth extending well behind the eye; lower jaw suspended below the head; jaw teeth usually absent, small or minute; pelvic fins inserted well behind the pectoral fins and before the dorsal-fin base; abdominal scutes absent; body often translucent and with a silver stripe down the side in some (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, occasionally freshwater; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). Three genera and thirteen species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E84CFFBAFF792F95FE8130DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E853FFA5FF792D54FE88361D.text	038C8788E853FFA5FF792D54FE88361D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa lucida (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa lucida (Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1882). Bright Anchovy; Anchoa Bocona, Anchoa Ojitos, Plástica </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from central Baja California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ne, ER and PN (Pacific); 0–32 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 94; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 486; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 23; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E853FFA5FF792D54FE88361D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E853FFA5FF792E90FAEC37D9.text	038C8788E853FFA5FF792E90FAEC37D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa mundeola (Gilbert & Pierson 1898)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa mundeola (Gilbert &amp; Pierson 1898) . False Panama Anchovy; Anchoa Falsa de Panamá, Anchoa Panameña Falsa, Plástica </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) UF 234219 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean: from southern Gulf of California, Mexico, to Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ne, ER and PN (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 94, as  Anchoa mundeleoides —misspelled; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 487; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E853FFA5FF792E90FAEC37D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E853FFA5FF792FCCFDCC30DD.text	038C8788E853FFA5FF792FCCFDCC30DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa nasus (Kner & Steindachner 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa nasus (Kner &amp; Steindachner 1867) .  Bignose Anchovy, Longnose Anchovy; Anchoa Trompuda, Plástica</p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) CAS 233437 (5).  Distribution :  Eastern Pacific Ocean ; from  central Baja California ,  Mexico , to  northern Chile ; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ni (Pacific); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 497; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E853FFA5FF792FCCFDCC30DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E853FFA5FF7928D0FECF31E1.text	038C8788E853FFA5FF7928D0FECF31E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa panamensis (Steindachner 1876)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa panamensis (Steindachner 1876) (Fig. 6H). Panama Anchovy; Anchoa de Panamá, Plástica </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0482-004 (1) and 0483-001 (5). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean: from El Salvador, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 489; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E853FFA5FF7928D0FECF31E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E853FFA5FF7929D4FB1432C1.text	038C8788E853FFA5FF7929D4FB1432C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa parva (Meek & Hildebrand 1923)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa parva (Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1923) . Little Anchovy; Anchoa Chiquita, Plástica </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Campeche, Mexico, and Cuba south to Trinidad &amp; Tobajo and Venezuela entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, KP, Es, BF and To (Atlantic); 0–7 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 94; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2952; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E853FFA5FF7929D4FB1432C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E853FFA5FF792AFBFC1B3386.text	038C8788E853FFA5FF792AFBFC1B3386.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoa starksi (Gilbert & Pierson 1898)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoa starksi (Gilbert &amp; Pierson 1898) . Black-Tail Anchovy, Stark’s Anchovy; Anchoa Colinegra, Anchoa de Stark, Plástica </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California Sur, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ne, ER and PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 94; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 493; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E853FFA5FF792AFBFC1B3386	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E852FFA4FF792C88FD593519.text	038C8788E852FFA4FF792C88FD593519.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson 1839)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson 1839) (Fig. 6I). Zabaleta Anchovy; Hachudo, Anchoveta Bocona </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   UCR 0363-006 (98).  Distribution :  Western Atlantic Ocean ; from  Veracruz ,  Mexico , and  Cuba south to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2954; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E852FFA4FF792C88FD593519	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E852FFA4FF792D8CFAE836D5.text	038C8788E852FFA4FF792D8CFAE836D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner 1863) . Big Scale Anchovy, Large Scale Anchovy; Anchoa de Escamas Grandes, Anchoveta Escamuda </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from central Baja California Sur, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER and PN (Pacific); 0–9 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 95; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 499; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 23; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E852FFA4FF792D8CFAE836D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E852FFA4FF792EC8FE1A37B5.text	038C8788E852FFA4FF792EC8FE1A37B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoviella balboae (Jordan & Seale 1926)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoviella balboae (Jordan &amp; Seale 1926). Balboa Anchovy; Anchoa de Balboa </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Honduras to central Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2017), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 96; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 503; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E852FFA4FF792EC8FE1A37B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E852FFA4FF792FE8FCC83171.text	038C8788E852FFA4FF792FE8FCC83171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anchoviella elongata (Meek & Hildebrand 1923)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anchoviella elongata (Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1923) . Elongate Anchovy; Anchoveta Alargada </p>
            <p>Vouchers: LSUMZ 15315 (5), 15331 (1) and 15360 (68); other collections: UF 233847 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from northern Belize to northern Colombia; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–9 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 96; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2957; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 23; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E852FFA4FF792FE8FCC83171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E852FFA4FF792ABCFB4333A1.text	038C8788E852FFA4FF792ABCFB4333A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontognathus compressus Meek & Hildebrand 1923	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Odontognathus compressus Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1923 (Fig. 6J). Caribbean Longfin Herring; Arenquillo Machete </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Nicaragua to Suriname; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2017), population trend unknown. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 44, illustrated but not identified; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2929; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). Remarks: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019) report a distribution for the species that ranges from the central coast of Costa Rica to Suriname; the present record, based on the above, would represent an extension in the known geographic range of the species of about 100 km to the north.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E852FFA4FF792ABCFB4333A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E852FFA4FF792925FE093209.text	038C8788E852FFA4FF792925FE093209.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristigasteridae Bleeker 1872	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Pristigasteridae Bleeker 1872 (Fig. 2K). Longfin Herrings, Ilishas, Sawbelly Herrings; Sardinas Machetes </p>
            <p>Description: Body fusiform to elongate, compressed to strongly compressed; up to 60 cm in length, usually less than 25 cm; mouth short, ends before eye, usually opens upwards, otherwise opens at the front; jaw teeth usually small; pectoral fins low on the side just behind the head; fins without spines; pelvic fins usually absent; abdominal scutes (hardened spiny scales) present; anal fin relatively long-based, with 30–92 rays, its origin under or well before dorsal-fin base; usually silvery in color (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Primarily marine, some freshwater; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E852FFA4FF792925FE093209	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E851FFA7FF792DC4FAE83791.text	038C8788E851FFA7FF792DC4FAE83791.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dorosoma chavesi Meek 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dorosoma chavesi Meek 1907 (Fig. 6K). Nicaragua Gizzard Shad; Sardina, Sardinilla, Sabalete, Sardina de Río </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0050-001 (5), 0061-003 (1), 0536-001 (6), 0542-005 (10), 0546-011 (9), 0547-003 (12), 0550-004 (15), 0552-001 (11), 0596-002 (10), 1065-005 (1) and 3115-011 (2); FMNH 5925 (15), 5926 (30), 5927 (6), 5928 (1), 14629 (1), 14630 (1), 14631 (1), 14632 (1), 14633 (1), 14634 (1), 14635 (1), 14636 (1), 14637 (1), 14638 (1), 14639 (1), 14640 (1), 52272 (7) and 126133 (6); other collections: CAS 61542 (1), TCWC 249202 (1), UF 108725 (1), 108741 (1), 108742 (1), 108743 (1), 108760 (1), 109843 (1), 135628 (1), 202738 (4), UMMZ 162482 (1), 179115 (1), YPM-ICH 008559 (9), 008560 (9), 008561 (7), 008562 (6) and 010236 (25). Distribution: Central America; from western Nicaragua (lakes Xolotlán and Cocibolca and affluent streams or rivers) to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–50 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NT B1ab(iii) (2018), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 112; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 97; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 87; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 68; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 22; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E851FFA7FF792DC4FAE83791	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E851FFA7FF792C89FE6435D1.text	038C8788E851FFA7FF792C89FE6435D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dorosomatidae Gill 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Dorosomatidae Gill 1861 (Fig. 2L). Thread Herrings, Gizzard Shads, Sardinellas; Sardinas, Arenques, Sabaletes </p>
            <p>Description: Body slightly elongate, fusiform, oval in cross-section; usually up to 20 cm in length; mouth usually inferior, short, ending before eye; upper jaw with a distinct median notch or cleft lower jaw flared outward; teeth absent; abdominal scutes strong; last dorsal-fin ray filamentous in most taxa; anal fin usually with 12–29, up to 38 in some taxa; usually silvery in color (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine or freshwater; North and Central America, Indo-West Pacific Ocean (Nelson et al. 2016). Four genera and five species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E851FFA7FF792C89FE6435D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E851FFA7FF792804FEA03129.text	038C8788E851FFA7FF792804FEA03129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Harengula jaguana Poey 1865	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Harengula jaguana Poey 1865 . Scaled Herring, Scaled Sardine; Sardina Escamudina, Sardineta Jaguana, Sardinita Vivita Escamuda </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, KP, Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p> Literature: Villa (1982: 88, as  Harengula pensacolae Goode &amp; Bean 1879 —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2921; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E851FFA7FF792804FEA03129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E851FFA7FF79299CFC1B32E5.text	038C8788E851FFA7FF79299CFC1B32E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Harengula thrissina (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Harengula thrissina (Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1882). Pacific Flatiron Herring; Sardinita Plumilla, Arenque Plumita, Sardineta Plumita </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including the Galapagos islands;entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 88; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 534; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E851FFA7FF79299CFC1B32E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E851FFA7FF792AD8FAE833A1.text	038C8788E851FFA7FF792AD8FAE833A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lile stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lile stolifera (Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1882). Pacific Piquitinga, Striped Herring; Piquitinga Pelada, Sardinita Rayada, Sardina Rayada, Sardineta </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California Sur, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–10 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 89; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 537; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 22; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E851FFA7FF792AD8FAE833A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E850FFA0FF7929F6FCC8353D.text	038C8788E850FFA0FF7929F6FCC8353D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brycon costaricensis Angulo & Gracian-Negrete 2013	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brycon costaricensis Angulo &amp; Gracián-Negrete 2013 (Fig. 6M). Costa Rican Machaca, Machaca, Macabí Tetra; Machaca, Sábalo, Sabalete, Machaca del Atlántico, Machaca de Costa Rica </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0265-002 (1), 0268-001 (47), 0457-002 (54), 0461-010 (91), 0551-003 (1), 1051-018 (21), 1052-024 (5), 1055-004 (60), 1059-001 (1), 1065-007 (1), 1068-001 (1), 1086-001 (2), 3115-003 (1) and 3122-006 (1); FMNH 5916 (2), 5917 (2), 5918 (3), 6221 (2) and 85034 (10); LSUMZ 15304 (1); other collections:ANSP 124131 (4), 124139 (3), CAS 61398 (2), 61516 (3), 61758 (2), IBUNAM 13685 (1), LACM 2468 (1), TU 202736 (6), UMMZ 165773 (1), 188127196933 (1), 196934 (1), 196940 (1), 196941 (1), 199621 (1), 199632 (1), 199642 (1), 199644 (1), 199655 (1), 204005 (1) and 204012 (1). Distribution: Central America; from northern Nicaragua to northeastern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 5–420 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Meek (1907: 109, as  Brycon dentex Günther 1860 —misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Fowler (1923: 26, as  Brycon guatemalensis Regan 1908 —misidentification; brief description, including information on distribution), Astorqui (1975: 89, as  B. guatemalensis —misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 103, as  B. guatemalensis —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 92, as  B. guatemalensis , in part—misidentification; brief description,including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 41, as  B. guatemalensis —misidentification; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 97, as  B. guatemalensis —misidentification; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Angulo &amp; Gracián-Negrete (2013: 255; original description), van den Berghe (2015: 36, as  B. guatemalensis —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 25; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E850FFA0FF7929F6FCC8353D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E850FFA6FF7928D1FB8731BD.text	038C8788E850FFA6FF7928D1FB8731BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryconidae Eigenmann 1912	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Bryconidae Eigenmann 1912 (Fig. 3A). Machacas, Macabí Tetras, Bryconids; Machacas, Sábalos, Sabaletes </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, robust and slightly rounded to fusiform; up to 70 cm in length; snout blunt, prominent; upper jaw projecting well beyond the tip of the lower jaw in most species, upper jaw with 3 rows of multicuspid teeth; fins spine-less; adipose fin present; caudal fin forked; usually silvery in color (Angulo &amp; Gracián-Negrete 2013, Angulo et al. 2021). Distribution: Freshwater; southern Mexico to Argentina (Angulo &amp; Gracián-Negrete 2013, Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E850FFA6FF7928D1FB8731BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E850FFA6FF792E3DFCE83769.text	038C8788E850FFA6FF792E3DFCE83769.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyprinidae Rafinesque 1815	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Cyprinidae Rafinesque 1815 (Fig. 2M). Carps, Barbs; Carpas, Kois </p>
            <p>Description: Body variable, usually slightly elongate and robust; up to 250 cm, usually less than 100 cm, in length; barbels usually present; lips usually thin; plicae or papillae absent; mouth sometimes sucker-like; upper jaw bordered only by premaxilla (i.e., maxilla excluded from gape), usually protrusible; spinelike rays in dorsal fin in some taxa (Nelson et al. 2016, Froese &amp; Pauly 2023). Distribution: Freshwater, very rarely in brackish water; naturally from North America (northern Canada to southern Mexico), Africa and Eurasia, introduced elsewhere (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E850FFA6FF792E3DFCE83769	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E850FFA6FF792F5CFE883049.text	038C8788E850FFA6FF792F5CFE883049.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758 (Fig. 6L). Common Carp; Carpa Común, Carpa </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Europe; Black, Caspian and Aral seas basins; introduced throughout the world; (Nicaragua) GM, Es and LN (Atlantic); 10–700 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Exo. Literature: Villa (1982: 110; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bănărescu &amp; Paepke (2002: 115, 184; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 23; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E850FFA6FF792F5CFE883049	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E850FFA6FF792C88FE9135F5.text	038C8788E850FFA6FF792C88FE9135F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur 1818)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur 1818) . Atlantic Thread Herring; Machuelo, Sardina Vivita de Hebra </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Maine, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Es (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: González-Alemán (2006: 65; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2931; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E850FFA6FF792C88FE9135F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E856FFA0FF792F78FEA03001.text	038C8788E856FFA0FF792F78FEA03001.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astyanax aeneus (Gunther 1860)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Astyanax aeneus (Günther 1860) . Banded Tetra; Sardina, Sardina de Río, Sardinilla, Sabalete, Sábalo, Sardina Común, Plateada, Machaca, Coliroja, Picaculo, Golosa, Tetra, Mojarra </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from central Mexico to southern Honduras-northern Nicaragua, Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ch (Pacific); 279–319 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 97, as  Astyanax fasciatus aeneus —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology) and Schmitter-Soto (2017: 22; redescription, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E856FFA0FF792F78FEA03001	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E856FFA0FF7928B4FAE43105.text	038C8788E856FFA0FF7928B4FAE43105.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astyanax belizianus Bocourt 1868	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Astyanax belizianus Bocourt 1868 . Belizean Tetra; Sardina, Sardina de Río, Sardinilla, Sabalete, Sábalo, Sardina Común, Plateada, Machaca, Coliroja, Picaculo, Golosa, Tetra, Mojarra, Sardina De Belize </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from southern Belize and eastern Guatemala to eastern Honduras-northern Nicaragua, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co (Atlantic); 4–31 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NE, population trend unknown. Literature: Schmitter-Soto (2017: 37; redescription, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E856FFA0FF7928B4FAE43105	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E856FFA3FF7929B8FD1F3485.text	038C8788E856FFA3FF7929B8FD1F3485.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astyanax bransfordii (Gill 1877)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Astyanax bransfordii (Gill 1877) (Fig. 7A). Longjaw Tetra; Sardina, Sardina Picuda, Picuda, Sábalo, Sabalete, Sardina Hocicuda, Sardina Dientona </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-001 (4), 0061-001 (1), 0063-005 (3), 0535-001 (6), 0542-004 (4), 0552-004 (2), 1051-017 (4), 1065-002 (4), 1066-006 (1) and 3122-003 (2); FMNH 5919 (18), 5920 (2), 5921 (1), 5922 (1), 33077 (1), 33078 (1), 33079 (1), 33080 (1), 33081 (1), 33082 (1), 33083 (1) and 105091 (1); LSUMZ 15475 (8); other collections: CAS 61538 (1), IBUNAM 13684 (1), TCWC 249201 (3), UF 93555 (1) and UMMZ 180608 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southwestern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Es, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 4–87 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NT B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Meek (1907: 110, as  Bramocharax bransfordii —synonym, also as  Bramocharax elongatus (Meek, 1097) —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 74, as  B. bransfordii —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 102, as  B. bransfordii —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 88, as  B. bransfordii —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 39, as  B. bransfordii — synonym; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2017: 41; redescription, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2018: 1867; identification key and information on distribution) and Angulo (2021: 25; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E856FFA3FF7929B8FD1F3485	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E856FFA0FF792D70FD713641.text	038C8788E856FFA0FF792D70FD713641.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brycon guatemalensis Regan 1908	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brycon guatemalensis Regan 1908 . Machaca, Macabí Tetra; Sábalo, Pescado Blanco </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from southern Mexico to northwestern Nicaragua,Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ch (Pacific); 279–319 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 100; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo &amp; Gracián-Negrete (2013: 255; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E856FFA0FF792D70FD713641	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E856FFA0FF792E75FCD73745.text	038C8788E856FFA0FF792E75FCD73745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Characidae Latreille 1825	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Characidae Latreille 1825 (Fig. 3B). Characins, Tetras; Sardinas, Sardinitas de Río, Sabaletes </p>
            <p>Description: Body fusiform to slightly elongate, compressed to strongly compressed; usually less than 15 cm in length; upper jaw usually not projecting well beyond the tip of the lower jaw, upper jaw usually with 1–2 rows of multicuspid teeth; fins spine-less; adipose fin present; caudal fin forked; generally silvery in color (Angulo et al. 2021). Distribution: Freshwater; southwestern Texas, USA, Mexico and Central and South America (Nelson et al. 2016). Five genera and eleven species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E856FFA0FF792E75FCD73745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E855FFA3FF792D38FE793745.text	038C8788E855FFA3FF792D38FE793745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astyanax cocibolca Bussing 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Astyanax cocibolca Bussing 2008 . Cocibolca Tetra; Sardina, Sardina Lagunera, Sardinilla, Sabalete, Sardinita, Plateada, Tetra, Sardina del Lago Cocibolca </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-016 (924), 0024-018 (1), 0061-004 (301), 0062-002 (238), 0242-007 (4), 0536-008 (42), 0538-006 (3), 0539-006 (60), 0540-005 (3), 0542-008 (3), 0547-006 (1), 0552-003 (1) and 0553-002 (1); other collections: LACM 56648-1 (1) and 56648-2 (50). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 12–31 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 80, as  Astyanax sp. ; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 102, as  Astyanax nasutus Meek 197, in part—misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 85, as  A. nasutus —misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology; 2008: 1362; original description), Schmitter-Soto (2017: 1379; redescription, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2018: 1867; identification key and information on distribution) and Angulo (2021: 25; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E855FFA3FF792D38FE793745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E855FFA3FF792F78FCFD30B9.text	038C8788E855FFA3FF792F78FCFD30B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astyanax nasutus Meek 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Astyanax nasutus Meek 1907 . Managua Tetra; Sardina, Sardina Lagunera, Sardinilla, Sabalete, Sardinita, Plateada, Tetra, Sardina del Lago Managua </p>
            <p>Vouchers: FMNH 5908 (14), 5909 (1) and 5910 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Xolotlán (Managua), Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 30–31 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; DD (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 108; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 85, as Hemybrycon sp.— misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 102; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Schmitter-Soto (2017: 62; redescription, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E855FFA3FF792F78FCFD30B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E855FFA2FF7928ECFAA735AD.text	038C8788E855FFA2FF7928ECFAA735AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astyanax nicaraguensis Eigenmann & Ogle 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Astyanax nicaraguensis Eigenmann &amp; Ogle 1907 (Fig. 7B). Nicaraguan Tetra; Sardina, Sardina de Río, Sardinilla, Sabalete, Sábalo, Sardina Común, Plateada, Machaca, Coliroja, Picaculo, Golosa, Tetra, Mojarra, Sardina Nicaraguense </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-008 (58), 0052-005 (45), 0063-001 (10), 0182-003 (238), 0183-003 (9), 0184-002 (165), 0242-006 (1), 0265-001 (10), 0267-008 (1), 0268-002 (18), 0269-004 (12), 0273-006 (5), 0274-005 (22), 0275-003 (1), 0447-004 (17), 0448-004 (10), 0457-001 (156), 0458-005 (241), 0460-002 (78), 0461-011 (151), 0462-001 (51), 0464-002 (2), 0467-001 (10), 0473-003 (2), 0536-007 (22), 0546-008 (71), 0547-004 (39), 0548-003 (44), 0549-003 (4), 0550-003 (8), 0551-001 (3), 0552-002 (52), 0553-001 (45), 1001-001 (6), 1002-002 (10), 1003-006 (7), 1004- 007 (6), 1050-006 (2), 1051-001 (32), 1052-009 (42), 1053-011 (77), 1054-008 (5), 1055-002 (203), 1057-001 (3), 1058-004 (1), 1065-001 (112), 1066-004 (63), 3122-004 (1), 3123-001 (2) and 3133-001 (18); FMNH 5911 (71), 5912 (53), 5913 (26), 5914 (2), 5915 (6), 33065 (12), 33857 (86) and 71511 (4); LSUMZ 15305 (14), 15325 (38), 15334 (9), 15352 (14), 15363 (27), 15374 (24), 15384 (3), 15385 (179), 15392 (28), 15420 (30), 15421 (106), 15432 (4), 15449 (12), 15458 (30), 15459 (1), 15466 (40), 15467 (43), 15474 (2), 17142 (21) and 17158 (16). Distribution: Central America; from northern Nicaragua to eastern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–711 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Meek (1907: 108, as  A. aeneus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Fowler (1923: 26, as as  A. aeneus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including information on distribution), Astorqui (1975: 81, as  Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) , in part—misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 101, as  A. fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) , in part—misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 79, as  A. aeneus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 37, as  A. aeneus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2017: 1393; redescription, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 223, as  A. aeneus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 35, as  A. aeneus —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Angulo et al. (2018: 1867; identification key and information on distribution) and Angulo (2021: 26; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E855FFA2FF7928ECFAA735AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E854FFA2FF792DE0FD1F306D.text	038C8788E854FFA2FF792DE0FD1F306D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astyanax orstedii Eigenmann 1908	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Astyanax orstedii Eigenmann 1908 (Fig 7B). Costa Rican Tetra; Sardina, Sardina de Río, Sardinilla, Sabalete, Sábalo, Sardina Común, Plateada, Machaca, Coliroja, Picaculo, Golosa, Tetra, Mojarra </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR1062-001 (28). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to western Panama,Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–710 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Meek (1907: 108, as  A. aeneus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Fowler (1923: 26, as  A. aeneus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including information on distribution), Astorqui (1975: 81, as  A. fasciatus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 101, as  A. fasciatus , in part—misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 79, as  A. aeneus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2017: 1398; redescription, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2018: 1867; identification key and information on distribution) and Angulo (2021: 26; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E854FFA2FF792DE0FD1F306D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E854FFA2FF792820FBA131E1.text	038C8788E854FFA2FF792820FBA131E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carlana eigenmanni (Meek 1912)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Carlana eigenmanni (Meek 1912) . Eigenmann’s Tetra; Sardina, Sardinita, Tetra, Sardinita de Eigenmann </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0546-010 (2), 0552-006 (1), 1003-005 (1), 1004-008 (1), 1052-010 (4) and 1054-012 (19); other collections: CAS 61369 (8), 61380 (3), 67273 (1) and IBUNAM 13688 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 6–61 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; VU B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 76, as  Rhoadsia eigenmanni —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 105; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 100; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 26; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E854FFA2FF792820FBA131E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E854FFA2FF7929DBFB553386.text	038C8788E854FFA2FF7929DBFB553386.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eretmobrycon scleroparius (Regan 1908)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eretmobrycon scleroparius (Regan 1908) (Fig. 7C). Creek Tetra; Sardina, Sardinilla, Sardina Panza Roja, Sardina de Quebrada, Sabalete, Plateada, Machaca, Tetra </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0457-014 (1), 0458-006 (201), 0459-004 (16), 0460-001 (68), 0462-002 (3), 1055-005 (1) and 1062-008 (5). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to western Colombia, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 12–600 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 84, as  Bryconamericus rica Eigenmann 1908 —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 103, as  Bryconamericus scleroparius —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 97, as  B. scleroparius —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Román-Valencia (2002: 184, as  B. scleroparius — synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 43, as  B. scleroparius —synonym; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 231, as  B. scleroparius — synonym; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology) and Angulo (2021: 26; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E854FFA2FF7929DBFB553386	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85BFFADFF792A67FD5A3316.text	038C8788E85BFFADFF792A67FD5A3316.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnotidae Rafinesque 1815	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Gymnotidae Rafinesque 1815 (Fig. 3C). Gymnotids, Nakedback Knifefishes, Gymnotid Eels; Peces Cuchillo, Anguilas, Machetes </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, strongly compressed to subcylindrical; usually less than 30 cm in length; mouth superior, lower jaw protruding; eyes very small; scales present, small; pelvic and dorsal fins absent; anal fin terminating at a point near the tip of the tail; usually brown in color (Bussing 1998, Angulo et al. 2021, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Freshwater; North (southern Mexico only), Central and South America (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85BFFADFF792A67FD5A3316	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85BFFACFF792B87FB8E3641.text	038C8788E85BFFACFF792B87FB8E3641.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnotus cylindricus La Monte 1935	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gymnotus cylindricus La Monte 1935 . Round Knifefish; Pez Cuchillo, Pez Cuchillo Redondo, Pez Navaja, Pez Machete, Anguila, Anguila Falsa, Madre de Barbudo, Guabina </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 3115-004 (1); other collections: ANSP 113929 (1), CAS 61383 (3), 61389 (2), CUMV 64678 (1), KU 18690 (1), 18702 (1), UMMZ 199622 (1) and 199633 (1). Distribution: Central America; from central Guatemala to eastern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and Ch (Pacific); 2–319 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 155, as  Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758 — misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 108; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 101, as  G. carapo —misidentification; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 130; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 217; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 39; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 28; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85BFFACFF792B87FB8E3641	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85BFFADFF792C88FC36361D.text	038C8788E85BFFADFF792C88FC36361D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae Bohlke 1958	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae Böhlke 1958 . Tortuguero Tetra; Sardina, Sardinita, Tetra, Tetra de Tortuguero, Sardinita de Tortuguero </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0539-007 (1), 0542-007 (1), 0547-005 (1), 1051-010 (2), 1053-005 (1) and 1054-014 (70); LSUMZ 17143 (205); other collections: ANSP 169233 (1), CAS 61541 (1), 61368 (4), 61379 (7), LACM 2470 (7), UMMZ 188248 (1), 199631 (1), 199643 (1) and 199654 (1). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Honduras to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Es, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 9–50 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 78; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 105; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 110; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 45, as  Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin 1908 —misidentification; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 27; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85BFFADFF792C88FC36361D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85BFFADFF792E97FA3431A2.text	038C8788E85BFFADFF792E97FA3431A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Roeboides bouchellei Fowler 1923	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Roeboides bouchellei Fowler 1923 . Crystal Tetra; Sardina, Plateado, Alma Seca, Changuito, Sardina de Vidrio, Sardina de Sol </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0052-003 (3), 0265-003 (3), 0267-007 (1), 0273-007 (5), 0457-003 (23), 0467-002 (11), 0539-005 (5), 0542-003 (10), 0545-002 (5), 0546-009 (6), 0547-001 (10), 1002-005 (1), 1004-006 (4), 1051-016 (35), 1053- 004 (1), 1054-016 (115), 1055-012 (5), 1057-012 (1), 1062-016 (17), 1065-004 (1), 3115-008 (5) and 3122-005 (1); FMNH 5923 (18), 5924 (1); LSUMZ 15473 (2), 17150 (319) and 17155 (8); other collections: ANSP 51218 (1), 51219 (1), CAS 31243 (2), 61374 (73), 61384 (40), 61391 (1), 61540 (6), IBUNAM 13693 (1), 13694 (1), 13695 (1), KU 18684 (1), 18685 (1), TU 202737 (14), UMMZ 180607 (1) and 188249 (5). Distribution: Central America; from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 1–410 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 111, as  Roeboides guatemalensis (Günther 1864) —misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Fowler (1923: 25; original description), Astorqui (1975: 87, as  R. guatemalensis (Günther 1864) —misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 105, as  R. guatemalensis —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 100, as  Roeboides salvadoris Hildebrand 1925 —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing 1998: 116; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 47; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 257; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Matamoros et al. (2013: 289; identification key and information on distribution), van den Berghe (2015: 36, also as  Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann 1907 —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 28; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85BFFADFF792E97FA3431A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85AFFACFF792E74FACD3721.text	038C8788E85AFFACFF792E74FACD3721.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnotus maculosus Albert & Miller 1995	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gymnotus maculosus Albert &amp; Miller 1995 (Fig. 7D). Spotted Knifefish; Pez Cuchillo, Pez Cuchillo Manchado, Pez Navaja, Pez Machete, Anguila, Anguila Falsa, Madre de Barbudo, Guabina </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0457-011 (2) and 0460-006 (4). Distribution: North and Central America; from southern Mexico to central Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 2–210 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Bussing (1998: 132; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 29; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85AFFACFF792E74FACD3721	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85AFFACFF792AD9FE8133E9.text	038C8788E85AFFACFF792AD9FE8133E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heptapteridae Gill 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Heptapteridae Gill 1861 (Fig. 3E). Seven-Finned Catfishes, Heptapterids; Barbudos, Chulines, Bagres </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate; usually less than 30 cm in length; three pairs of barbels; mouth terminal or subterminal; scales absent; pectoral, pelvic and dorsal fins usually with strong spines; adipose fin present, large (larger than dorsal fin), without a spine at the anterior border; caudal fin forked (Angulo et al. 2021, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Freshwater; Mexico to South America (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and three species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85AFFACFF792AD9FE8133E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85AFFACFF792908FCAF32E5.text	038C8788E85AFFACFF792908FCAF32E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypostomus niceforoi (Fowler 1943)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Hypostomus cf. niceforoi (Fowler 1943) (Fig. 7E). Japurá Suckermouth; Pez Diablo, Plecostomo, Pleco, Arrisuaca, Chupapiedras, Pez Gato Acorazado </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: South America; from Venezuela and Colombia to Peru, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; introduced throughout the Americas; (Nicaragua) BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 5–31 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Exo. Literature: Mendoza et al. (2008: 1, as  Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus 1758) —misidentification; introduction and ecological aspects), Matamoros et al. (2016: 1; brief description, including illustrations and information on distribution), Tisseaux-Navarro (2019: 1, as  Hypostomus sp. —misidentification; brief description, including illustrations, an information on distribution and ecology, including a map), Rivas-Suazo &amp; Ebanks-Mongalo (2002: 1, as  Hypostomus sp. —misidentification; brief description, including an illustration, an information on distribution and ecology, including a map) and Angulo (2021: 30; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85AFFACFF792908FCAF32E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85AFFACFF792FE9FD653095.text	038C8788E85AFFACFF792FE9FD653095.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loricariidae Rafinesque 1815	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Loricariidae Rafinesque 1815 (Fig. 3D). Suckermouth Armored Catfishes; Peces Diablo, Plecos, Peces Gato Acorazados </p>
            <p>Description: Body generally elongate, robust, caudally depressed, covered by bony plates; usually less than 70 cm in length; mouth ventral, with papillose lips; pectoral, pelvic and dorsal fins usually with strong spines; adipose fin usually present, with a spine at the anterior border (Angulo et al. 2021, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Freshwater; naturally from Costa Rica, Panama and South America, introduced elsewhere (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85AFFACFF792FE9FD653095	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E859FFAFFF792C88FD1F37FD.text	038C8788E859FFAFFF792C88FD1F37FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhamdia guatemalensis (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhamdia guatemalensis (Günther 1864) (Fig. 7F). Pale Catfish, Guatemalan Catfish; Barbudo, Chuchín, Chulín, Bagre, Filín, Julín, Barbudo de Guatemala o Guatemalteco </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-010 (1), 0049-006 (20), 0050-005 (2), 0184-007 (3), 0241-001 (1), 0242-008 (1), 0458- 007 (15), 0459-005 (1), 0460-003 (13), 0461-005 (7), 0539-003 (13), 0540-001 (18), 0542-006 (1), 0543-003 (1), 1052-021 (14), 1054-009 (3), 1057-008 (2) and 1062-017 (1); FMNH 5906 (1), 5907 (1) and 59530 (7); LSUMZ 15417 (1), 15424 (1) and 15433 (5); other collections: IBUNAM 13795 (1), KU 22691 (1), 22718 (1), 22719 (1), 22731 (1), 23213 (1), UMMZ 180609 (1), 188250 (1), 188251 (1), 196950 (1), 199623 (1), 204008 (1) and 204011 (1). Distribution: North and South America; from southern Mexico to eastern Colombia, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–600 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 106; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 69, as  Rhamdia barbata Meek 1907 —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 120, also as  R. barbata —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 101; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 148; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 87; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 165, 171; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 37; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 30; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E859FFAFFF792C88FD1F37FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E859FFAFFF792FB0FC36314D.text	038C8788E859FFAFFF792FB0FC36314D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhamdia laticauda (Kner 1858)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhamdia laticauda (Kner 1858) . Filespine Chulín; Barbudo, Chulín, Bagre, Barbudo de Barbas Cortas </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) TU 202731 (1). Distribution: North America; from central Mexico to western Panama, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and Ch (Pacific); 20–680 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 120, as  Rhamdia cabrerae Meek 1906 —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 102, as  Rhamdia brachycephala (Regan 1907) —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 154, as  Rhamdia rogersi (Regan 1907) —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 89, as  R. rogersi —synonym; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 31; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E859FFAFFF792FB0FC36314D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E859FFAEFF792940FB2035D1.text	038C8788E859FFAEFF792940FB2035D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhamdia nicaraguensis (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhamdia nicaraguensis (Günther 1864) . Nicaraguan Catfish; Barbudo, Chulín, Bagre, Barbudo de Nicaragua o Nicaraguense </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-009 (1), 0049-004 (2), 0188-004 (15), 0190-005 (1), 0462-003 (1), 0469-001 (1), 0538-004 (3), 0539-010 (2), 0541-001 (1), 0542-011 (2), 0543-002 (19), 0544-001 (3), 0544-003 (4), 0545-001 (2) and 1096- 001 (1); FMNH 5905 (2), 5903 (19), 5904 (1), 83833 (2) and 83834 (2); LSUMZ 15457 (2); other collections: ANSP 8444 (1), 124137 (1), CAS 39440 (2), KU 17300 (1), 17301 (1), 22721 (1), 22722 (1), 22723 (1), MCZ 52519 (1), UF 23761 (1), 34211 (1), UMMZ 200737 (1), 204006 (1), 204007 (1), 204010 (1), YPM-ICH 008563 (34), 008564 (10), YPM ICH 008565 (7), YPM ICH 008566 (2), YPM ICH 009417 (1), YPM ICH 010238 (2), YPM ICH 024543 (9), YPM ICH 024544 (35) and YPM ICH 024545 (4). Distribution: Central America; from northern Nicaragua to Central Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–125 masl; Pri, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Meek (1907: 105, also as  Rhamdia managuensis (Günther 1867) —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Fowler (1923: 24; brief description, including information on distribution), Astorqui (1975: 68, also as  R. managuensis (Günther 1867) —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 122, as  Rhamdia luigiana Villa 1977 and  R. managuensis —synonyms; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 152; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 37; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 31; listed, including information on distribution). Remarks: Molecular data provided by Perdices et al. (2002) suggests that this species should be added to the synonymy of  R. laticauda . Such authors concluded that there are two, not three,  Rhamdia clades of equivalent evolutionary status in Central America (i.e.,  R. guatemalensis and  R. laticauda ) and that the morphological data available (e.g., Silfvergrip 1996, Bussing 1998) do not appear to strongly contradict this hypothesis. We considered this species as valid according to Bussing (1998), van den Berghe (2015) and Angulo (2021) and following Fricke et al. (2023). Morphological and more inclusive molecular studies are necessary to clarify this situation and to properly diagnose the taxon or taxa involved. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E859FFAEFF792940FB2035D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E858FFAEFF792DC5FDBC368D.text	038C8788E858FFAEFF792DC5FDBC368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ariidae Bleeker 1858	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Ariidae Bleeker 1858 (Fig. 3F). Sea Catfishes; Bagres, Cuminates, Congos </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, rounded (cylindrical) to depressed; usually less than 100 cm in length; head large, rounded to depressed; usually three pairs of barbels, rarely two (no nasal barbels); top of head covered by a rough bony shield that is partly visible through the thin skin, with a bony process that extends back to meet a bone plate at the base of the dorsal fin; pectoral and dorsal fins with a strong spine; adipose fin present; anal fin with 14–40 soft rays; caudal fin deeply forked (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Mainly marine, many fresh or brackish water; worldwide, tropical to warm temperate oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). Four genera and eleven species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E858FFAEFF792DC5FDBC368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E858FFAEFF792F00FCAF3025.text	038C8788E858FFAEFF792F00FCAF3025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ariopsis assimilis (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ariopsis assimilis (Günther 1864) . Mayan Sea Catfish; Bagre Maya </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Quintana Roo, Mexico, to Costa Rica; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–10 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend decreasing. Literature: Villa (1982: 114; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 40, as  Arius seemanni —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2976; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 31; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E858FFAEFF792F00FCAF3025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E858FFAEFF792898FDE93199.text	038C8788E858FFAEFF792898FDE93199.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ariopsis guatemalensis (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ariopsis guatemalensis (Günther 1864) . Blue Sea Catfish, Widehead Sea Catfish; Cominata Azulada, Bagre Cuatete </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California, Mexico, to Costa Rica; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–11 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 115; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 138; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 568; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 31; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E858FFAEFF792898FDE93199	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E858FFAEFF792A0CFDE93331.text	038C8788E858FFAEFF792A0CFDE93331.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ariopsis seemanni (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ariopsis seemanni (Günther 1864) . Tete Sea Catfish; Cominata Negra, Bagre Tete </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–32 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 115; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 139; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 574; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 31; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E858FFAEFF792A0CFDE93331	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E858FFA9FF792B64FCC835AD.text	038C8788E858FFA9FF792B64FCC835AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bagre filamentosus (Swainson 1839)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bagre filamentosus (Swainson 1839) . Filament Sea Catfish; Bagre, Bagre Cacumo, Chulín, Tunki </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) ANSP 25799 (1) and ANSP 25800 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Yucatan, Mexico, to central Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, SJ and LN (Atlantic); 0–11 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NE, population trend unknown. Literature: Fowler (1923:24; brief description, including information on distribution), Villa (1982: 115; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 21, as Bagre marinus (Mitchill 1815)—misidentification; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 40, as  B. marinus —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2970, as  B. marinus , in part—misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Marceniuk et al. (2022: 8; redescription, including information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E858FFA9FF792B64FCC835AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85FFFA9FF792DE0FDEB368D.text	038C8788E85FFFA9FF792DE0FDEB368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bagre panamensis (Gill 1863) .	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bagre panamensis (Gill 1863). Chihuil Sea-Catfish; Bagre, Bagre Chihuil, Cuminate Chihuil </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California, USA, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER and PN (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 116; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 580; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85FFFA9FF792DE0FDEB368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85FFFA9FF792F00FDEB3049.text	038C8788E85FFFA9FF792F00FDEB3049.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bagre pinnimaculatus (Steindachner 1876)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bagre pinnimaculatus (Steindachner 1876) . Long-Barbeled Sea-Catfish, Red Sea-Catfish; Bagre, Cuminate, Alguacil, Bagre Barbón, Cuminate Rojo, Cuminate Volador </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER and PN (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 116; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 578; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85FFFA9FF792F00FDEB3049	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85FFFA9FF79287CFCDA3129.text	038C8788E85FFFA9FF79287CFCDA3129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cathorops fuerthii (Steindachner 1876)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cathorops fuerthii (Steindachner 1876) . Congo Sea Catfish; Cuminate, Bagre Congo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Nicaragua to central Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 582; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 31; listed, including information on distribution) and Froese &amp; Pauly (2023; listed, including information on identification, distribution and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85FFFA9FF79287CFCDA3129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85FFFA9FF79299CFB8B3209.text	038C8788E85FFFA9FF79299CFB8B3209.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cathorops melanopus (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cathorops melanopus (Günther 1864) . Dark Sea-Catfish; Cuminate, Bagre Prieto </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from northern Guatemala to northern Nicaragua; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) UI and WK (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 115, as  Arius melanopus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4467; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85FFFA9FF79299CFB8B3209	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85FFFA9FF792ABCFCDA33E9.text	038C8788E85FFFA9FF792ABCFCDA33E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cathorops steindachneri (Gilbert & Starks 1904)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cathorops steindachneri (Gilbert &amp; Starks 1904) . Steindachner’s Sea Catfish; Cuminate, Bagre, Congo Baboso </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from El Salvador to western Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2017), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 4657; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 32; listed, including information on distribution) and Froese &amp; Pauly (2023; listed, including information on identification, distribution and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85FFFA9FF792ABCFCDA33E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85EFFA8FF79287CFE913105.text	038C8788E85EFFA8FF79287CFE913105.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Batrachoides surinamensis (Bloch & Schneider 1801)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Batrachoides surinamensis (Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801) (Fig. 7H). Pacuma Toadfish; Sapo Guayanés </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Honduras to northern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr and BF (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Fowler (1923: 32; listed, including information on distribution), Collette &amp; Russo (1981: 203; information on distribution), van den Berghe (2015: 47; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3152; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85EFFA8FF79287CFE913105	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85EFFA8FF7929B8FB1432C1.text	038C8788E85EFFA8FF7929B8FB1432C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Batrachoides waltersi Collette & Russo 1981	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Batrachoides waltersi Collette &amp; Russo 1981 . Hairy Toadfish, Multipored Toadfish, Walter’s Toadfish; Sapo de Walter, Sapo Peludo </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) TCWC 44406 (1; misslabeled as  Batrachoides gilberti Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1928 ). </p>
            <p>Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ni (Pacific); 0–7 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Collette &amp; Russo (1981: 208; original description), Greenfield et al. (2008: 676; information on distribution) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 738; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85EFFA8FF7929B8FB1432C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85EFFA8FF792F01FDBC3049.text	038C8788E85EFFA8FF792F01FDBC3049.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Batrachoididae Jordan 1896	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Batrachoididae Jordan 1896 (Fig. 3G). Toadfishes; Peces Sapo, Picadores, Peces Fraile, Brujas </p>
            <p>Description: Body relatively elongate and robust, with a relatively large, wide and flattened head; up to 57 cm in length; head with barbels and/or fleshy flaps; mouth wide; eyes directed upward and positioned on the top of the head; spines usually present on operculum and suboperculum; scales usually absent; 1-4 lateral lines on head and body; pelvic fins located under the operculum, before pectoral fins, with one spine and 2–3 rays (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (primarily coastal benthic), rarely entering brackish water and a few species confined to freshwater; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85EFFA8FF792F01FDBC3049	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85EFFA8FF792C88FB1435F5.text	038C8788E85EFFA8FF792C88FB1435F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notarius planiceps (Steindachner 1876)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notarius planiceps (Steindachner 1876) . Thick-Lip Sea-Catfish; Cuminate, Cominata Chomba, Bagre Chombo </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California, Mexico, to Colombia; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–7 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 116, as  Netuma planiceps —misspelled and synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 571; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85EFFA8FF792C88FB1435F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85EFFA8FF792DA8FECF36F9.text	038C8788E85EFFA8FF792DA8FECF36F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notarius troschelii (Gill 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notarius troschelii (Gill 1863) . Chili Sea-Catfish; Bagre Chili, Bagre Colorado </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections)   TCWC 44401 (1).  Distribution :  Eastern Pacific Ocean ; from  Sinaloa ,  Mexico , to  northern Peru ; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ni (Pacific); 0–2 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 590; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85EFFA8FF792DA8FECF36F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85EFFABFF792B49FE813485.text	038C8788E85EFFABFF792B49FE813485.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syngnathidae Bonaparte 1831	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Syngnathidae Bonaparte 1831 (Fig. 3H). Pipefishes; Peces Pipa </p>
            <p>Description: Body long, slender, extremely elongated in some taxa, encased in an armor of ring-like, bony segments; up to 30 cm in length; mouth small, without teeth, at the end of a long tubular snout; gill opening very small, restricted to the top corner of the operculum; pectoral, dorsal, anal and/or caudal fins usually present; pelvic fins absent (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine and brackish water, some species in freshwater; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). Two genera and four species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85EFFABFF792B49FE813485	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85DFFABFF792D38FBA136F9.text	038C8788E85DFFABFF792D38FBA136F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microphis lineatus (Kaup 1856)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Microphis lineatus (Kaup 1856) . Opossum Pipefish; Pez Pipa Culebra </p>
            <p> Vouchers: LSUMZ 15310 (1), 15321 (2), 15337 (14), 15356 (3) and 15375 (1); other collections: IBUNAM 13846 (1) and UF 233188 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–10 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 152; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 47, as  Oostethus brachyurus (Bleeker 1854) — misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 972; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 32; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85DFFABFF792D38FBA136F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85DFFABFF792EACFE88306D.text	038C8788E85DFFABFF792EACFE88306D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophallus elcapitanensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1914)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudophallus elcapitanensis (Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1914) . Long-Nosed Pacific Freshwater Pipefish; Pez Pipa de Hocico Largo, Pez Palo, Trompetero </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from northern Costa Rica to central Panama, Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–20 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2016), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 150; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 253; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Dallevo-Gomes et al. (2020: 91; taxonomic review, detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 32; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85DFFABFF792EACFE88306D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85DFFABFF792820FB203199.text	038C8788E85DFFABFF792820FB203199.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophallus mindii (Meek & Hildebrand 1923)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudophallus mindii (Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1923) . Caribbean Freshwater Pipefish; Pez Pipa del Caribe, Pez Palo, Trompetero </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 1055-011 (1); LSUMZ 15346 (1); other collections: IBUNAM 13848 (2), 13849 (1), 13850 (1) and UF 228493 (1). Distribution: Central and South America; from Belize to Venezuela, including the British Virgin islands, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and Cuba, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) To, Sa and SJ (Atlantic); 0–58 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2016), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 151; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 255; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3399; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Dallevo- Gomes et al. (2020: 96; taxonomic review, detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 33; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85DFFABFF792820FB203199	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85DFFABFF792A0CFE88330D.text	038C8788E85DFFABFF792A0CFE88330D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophallus starksii (Jordan & Culver 1895)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudophallus starksii (Jordan &amp; Culver 1895). Yellowbelly Pipefish, Short-Nosed Pacific Freshwater Pipefish; Pez Pipa de Hocico Corto, Pez Palo, Trompetero </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from Baja California, Mexico, to Ecuador, Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–90 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2016), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 151; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 257; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Dallevo-Gomes et al. (2020: 98; taxonomic review, detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 33; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85DFFABFF792A0CFE88330D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85CFFAAFF792E3BFE8837D9.text	038C8788E85CFFAAFF792E3BFE8837D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dormitator latifrons (Richardson 1844)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dormitator latifrons (Richardson 1844) . Pacific Fat Sleeper; Pocoyo, Guavina, Pez Perro, Guarasapa, Dormilón, Pocoyo del Pacífico, Dormilón Chame, Dormilón Porroco, Puyeki </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0270-001 (29) and 0272-002 (1); other collections: TCWC 249103 (1), TCWC 249104 (2), UF 142317 (1) and 142466 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California, USA, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–19 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 221; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 410; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1971; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 33; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85CFFAAFF792E3BFE8837D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85CFFAAFF792FCBFB1B3129.text	038C8788E85CFFAAFF792FCBFB1B3129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dormitator maculatus (Bloch 1792)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dormitator maculatus (Bloch 1792) . Caribbean Fat Sleeper; Pocoyo, Guavina, Pez Perro, Guarasapa, Dormilón, Pocoyo del Atlántico, Dormilón Manchado, Guavina Mapo, La Naca </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) IBUNAM 13772 (1) and UF 106645 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from North Carolina, USA, to southeastern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–18 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 221; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 411; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 39; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4094; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 34; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85CFFAAFF792FCBFB1B3129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85CFFAAFF792CC0FE813589.text	038C8788E85CFFAAFF792CC0FE813589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eleotridae Bonaparte 1835	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Eleotridae Bonaparte 1835 (Fig. 3I). Sleepers, Spinycheek Sleepers, Gudgeons; Guavinas, Dormilones, Chupapiedras </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, stout; up to 60 cm in length, usually less than 20 cm; head short, broad; snout blunt; mouth usually terminal, never inferior; lateral line absent, but canals and pores on head presents; pelvic fins separate (no sucking disc); two separate dorsal fins, the first with 6–7 weak spines, the second with one weak spine and 6–12 rays (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, brackish and freshwater; most tropical and subtropical areas (rarely temperate areas) (Nelson et al. 2016). Seven genera and fourteen species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85CFFAAFF792CC0FE813589	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85CFFAAFF79299CFC363355.text	038C8788E85CFFAAFF79299CFC363355.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eleotris amblyopsis (Cope 1871)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eleotris amblyopsis (Cope 1871) . Large-Scaled Spinycheek Sleeper; Guavina, Pez Perro, Lucia, Dormilón, Dormilón Oscuro </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0267-009 (1), 0448-005 (2) and 0449-002 (1); FMNH IBUNAM 13775 (1) and 13777 (1).</p>
            <p>Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from North Carolina, USA, to southeastern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–18 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable.</p>
            <p> Literature: Villa (1982: 222; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 413; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 39, as  Eliotris amblyopsis — misspelled; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4095; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 34; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85CFFAAFF79299CFC363355	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E85CFF95FF792B48FDE93589.text	038C8788E85CFF95FF792B48FDE93589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eleotris perniger (Cope 1871)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eleotris perniger (Cope 1871) . Smallscaled Spinycheek Sleeper; Guavina Espinosa </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 3224-001 (1); FMNH 5925 (15), 5926 (30), 5927 (6), 5928 (1), 14629 (1), 14630 (1), 14631 (1), 14632 (1), 14633 (1), 14634 (1), 14635 (1), 14636 (1), 14637 (1), 14638 (1), 14639 (1), 14640 (1), 52272 (7) and 126133 (6); LSUMZ 15328 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Florida, USA, to northern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–15 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 222, as  Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin 1789) —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 417, as  E. pisonis —missidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 38, as  Eliotris pictus —misspelled and misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4097; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 34; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo (2021: 34; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E85CFF95FF792B48FDE93589	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E863FF95FF792E3CFCAF37D9.text	038C8788E863FF95FF792E3CFCAF37D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eleotris picta Kner 1863	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eleotris picta Kner 1863 . Small-Scaled Spotted Sleeper; Guavina, Vieja, Pez Perro, Dormilón, Dormilón Manchado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0052-002 (47), 0184-004 (1), 0187-002 (51), 0270-003 (33) and 0272-003 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the mouth of the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including Cocos and the Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–25 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 222; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 416; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1975; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 34; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E863FF95FF792E3CFCAF37D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E863FF95FF792FCCFE793171.text	038C8788E863FF95FF792FCCFE793171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erotelis armiger (Jordan & Richardson 1895)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Erotelis armiger (Jordan &amp; Richardson 1895). Armiger’s Goby, Flathead Sleeper; Guavina Cabeza Plana, Gobio de Armiger </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) MCZ 173383 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the lower Gulf of California, Mexico, to Colombia; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 223; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1977; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 34; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E863FF95FF792FCCFE793171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E863FF95FF792924FDCC3251.text	038C8788E863FF95FF792924FDCC3251.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erotelis smaragdus (Valenciennes 1837)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Erotelis smaragdus (Valenciennes 1837) . Emerald Sleeper; Guavina de Concha </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Florida, USA, to northern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 223; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4099; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E863FF95FF792924FDCC3251	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E863FF94FF792A44FCC83641.text	038C8788E863FF94FF792A44FCC83641.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobiomorus dormitor Lacepede 1800	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gobiomorus dormitor Lacepède 1800 (Fig. 7K). Bigmouth Sleeper; Guavina Bocóna, Cabo de Hacha, Guavina del Atlántico, Bocón, Guavina de Ley </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-017 (2), 0061-002 (5), 0063-006 (3), 0185-006 (10), 0457-012 (1), 0470-003 (1), 0539-009 (21), 0543-005 (7), 1004-009 (1), 1048-002 (1), 1050-004 (1), 1051-009 (1), 1052-022 (3), 1055-007 (1), 1062-015 (1), 1066-008 (1) and 3115-009 (1); FMNH 6005 (6), 6006 (12), 6007 (5), 6213 (7), 6217 (5), 6218 (10) and 52271 (1); LSUMZ 15308 (1), 15341 (2), 15430 (1), 15442 (10), 15450 (1), 15456 (60) and 15472 (2); other collections: CAS 61392 (11), 76195 (7), 76196 (1), IBUNAM 13780 (1), 13785 (1), 13786 (1), 13787 (1), 13789 (1), 13790 (1), 13791 (1), 13792 (1), KU 18692 (1), 18693 (1), MCZ 13434 (1), UF 103466 (1), 106564 (1), 106608 (1), 106611 (1), 106612 (1), 106616 (1), 106790 (1), 134876 (1), 142319 (1), 242234 (1), YPM-ICH 008567 (3), 008568 (1) and 025931 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Bermuda and southern Florida, USA, to southeastern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–260 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 131, as  Phylipnus dormitor —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 146; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 224; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 420; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 67; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 189; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 39; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4100; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 35; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E863FF94FF792A44FCC83641	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E862FF94FF792E74FACD3791.text	038C8788E862FF94FF792E74FACD3791.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobiomorus maculatus (Gunther 1859)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gobiomorus maculatus (Günther 1859) . Bigscale Sleeper, Pacific Sleeper; Guavina del Pacífico, Bocón, Guavina Bocóna, Dormilón de Escamas Grandes, Dormilón Manchado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0052-010 (18), 0187-001 (4), 0270-002 (10), 0272-001 (1) and 0273-008 (3); other collections: MCZ 30726 (1), UF 142431 (1) and 233737 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from Baja California and the mouth of the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including the Galapagos and Cocos islands; entering estuaries and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–110 masl; Per, Dia,Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 225; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 422; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1979; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 35; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E862FF94FF792E74FACD3791	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E862FF94FF792804FB8E3171.text	038C8788E862FF94FF792804FB8E3171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobiomorus polylepis Ginsburg 1953	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gobiomorus polylepis Ginsburg 1953 . Finescale Sleeper; Guavina del Pacífico, Bocón, Guavina Bocóna, Dormilón de Escamas Finas, Dormilón Manchado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from central Mexico to southern Costa Rica; entering estuaries and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–45 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 424; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 35; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E862FF94FF792804FB8E3171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E862FF94FF792924FE79322D.text	038C8788E862FF94FF792924FE79322D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guavina guavina (Valenciennes 1837)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Guavina guavina (Valenciennes 1837) . Guavina; Guavina, Guavina Cabezona </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Florida, USA, to southeastern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 225, as Guabina guabina —misspelled; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4101; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 35; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E862FF94FF792924FE79322D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E862FF94FF792A44FC363355.text	038C8788E862FF94FF792A44FC363355.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guavina micropus Ginsburg 1953	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Guavina micropus Ginsburg 1953 . Pacific Guavina; Guavina del Pacífico </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections)   MCZ 30722 (1).  Distribution :  Eastern Pacific Ocean ; from  Nicaragua to northern Colombia; entering estuaries and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2650; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 35; listed, including information on distribution)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E862FF94FF792A44FC363355	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E862FF97FF792B48FAE83485.text	038C8788E862FF97FF792B48FAE83485.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemieleotris latifasciata (Meek & Hildebrand 1912)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hemieleotris latifasciata (Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1912) (Fig. 7L).  Pygmy Sleeper; Guavinita, Guavina Enana</p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) KU 22705 (1).  Distribution :  Eastern Pacific Ocean ; from  southern Mexico to  Ecuador ; entering estuaries and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 2–30 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 225; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 425; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 35; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E862FF97FF792B48FAE83485	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E861FF97FF792F78FC8631BD.text	038C8788E861FF97FF792F78FC8631BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Awaous banana (Valenciennes 1837)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Awaous banana (Valenciennes 1837) . Atlantic River Goby; Chupapiedras, Guavina, Lamearenas, Gobio, Gobio de Río del Atlántico, Dormilón </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0457-013 (1), 0458-008 (8), 0460-004 (3), 0461-008 (12), 0462-005 (4), 1066-002 (13) and 3225- 004 (1); LSUMZ 15393 (2) and 17156 (2); other collections: UF 106971 (1). Distribution: North, Central and South America; from northern Florida, USA, southward through the Greater and Lesser Antilles to Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–681 masl; Per, Dia, Cat. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 226, as  Awaous tajasica (Lichtenstein 1822) —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 396; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 73; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 181; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 37; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4479; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 36; listed, including information on distribution) and McMahan et al. (2021: 970; phylogenetic relationships, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E861FF97FF792F78FC8631BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E861FF97FF7929F7FDD43386.text	038C8788E861FF97FF7929F7FDD43386.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Awaous transandeanus (Gunther 1861)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Awaous cf. transandeanus (Günther 1861) . Pacific River Goby; Chupapiedras, Guavina, Lamearenas, Gobio, Gobio de Río del Pacífico, Dormilón </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0052-009 (1), 0183-004 (2), 0184-003 (30) and 0270-005 (23). Distribution: North, Central and South America; from central Baja California Sur and Sonora, Mexico, to Tumbes, Peru, Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ch, Ne, ER, PN, Ni (Pacific); 0–319 masl; Per, Dia, Cat. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 227; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 111, as  A. tajasica —misidentification; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 398; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 36; listed, including information on distribution) and McMahan et al. (2021: 970; phylogenetic relationships, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). Remarks: Based on molecular data, McMahan et al. (2021) suggested the presence of two different lineages under the name  A. transandeanus in the Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America. The boundary between the two lineages is the northern portion of the Costa Rican Pacific (Guanacaste) coast. Morphological studies are necessary to corroborate this and to properly diagnose both species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E861FF97FF7929F7FDD43386	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E861FF97FF792E59FA933745.text	038C8788E861FF97FF792E59FA933745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobiidae Cuvier 1816	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Gobiidae Cuvier 1816 (Fig. 3J). Gobies, Crested Gobies, Eel-Gobies, Frillfins, Mudsuckers; Gobios, Chupapiedras, Chaquetas, Bocones, Guasetas </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, stout; up to 60 cm in length, but usually less than 10 cm; head short, broad; snout rounded; lateral line absent, but canals and pores on head presents; pelvic fins generally fused, forming a sucking disc; two separate dorsal fins, the first with 4–8 weak spines, the second with one weak spine and 9–18 rays (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, brackish, or rarely freshwater; most tropical and subtropical areas (Nelson et al. 2016). Nine genera and seventeen species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E861FF97FF792E59FA933745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E861FF97FF792D38FD1F3665.text	038C8788E861FF97FF792D38FD1F3665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptophilypnus fluviatilis Meek & Hildebrand 1916	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptophilypnus fluviatilis Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1916 . Atlantic Freshwater Sleeper; Dormilón de Agua Dulce </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0267-010 (1); other collections: UF 106911 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic and eastern Pacific (Canal zone in Panama) oceans; from Honduras to Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) GM and Es (Atlantic); 0–141 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4418; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 36; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E861FF97FF792D38FD1F3665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E860FF96FF792C88FE7935D1.text	038C8788E860FF96FF792C88FE7935D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathygobius andrei (Sauvage 1880)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bathygobius andrei (Sauvage 1880) . Estuarine Frillfin; Mapo de Estero, Gobio de Estero </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) UF 106958 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from northern Mexico to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 227, as  Bathygobius sp. —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1991; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 36; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E860FF96FF792C88FE7935D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E860FF96FF792DC4FC1B36B1.text	038C8788E860FF96FF792DC4FC1B36B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathygobius mystacium Ginsburg 1947	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bathygobius mystacium Ginsburg 1947 . Island Frillfin, Island Frillfin Goby; Gobio Bandeado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to Colombia and the lesser antilles; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 227; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4105; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E860FF96FF792DC4FC1B36B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E860FF96FF792EE4FDE93791.text	038C8788E860FF96FF792EE4FDE93791.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathygobius ramosus Ginsburg 1947	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bathygobius ramosus Ginsburg 1947 . Panamic Frillfin; Mapo de Pozo, Mapo Panámico </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from Bahía Magdalena and the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including the Revillagigedo and Cocos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend stable. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1994; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E860FF96FF792EE4FDE93791	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E860FF96FF792804FCAF3129.text	038C8788E860FF96FF792804FCAF3129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes 1837)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes 1837) . Frillfin Goby; Mapo Aguado, Gobio Mapo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0363-013 (4). Distribution: Atlantic Ocean; from Florida Keys, USA, Bermuda and the Bahamas to Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the western Atlantic, and from Senegal to Angola, including the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, in the eastern Atlantic, also in the Mediterranean Sea; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 227; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4106; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E860FF96FF792804FCAF3129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E860FF96FF79299CFB1B32E5.text	038C8788E860FF96FF79299CFB1B32E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenogobius boleosoma (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenogobius boleosoma (Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1882). Darter Goby; Esmeralda Flechera, Madrejuile </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from North Carolina, USA, Bahamas, and the northern Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 229, as  Gobionellus boleosoma —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4126; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E860FF96FF79299CFB1B32E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E860FF96FF792AD8FB1B33E9.text	038C8788E860FF96FF792AD8FB1B33E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenogobius pseudofasciatus (Gilbert & Randall 1971)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenogobius pseudofasciatus (Gilbert &amp; Randall 1971. Slashcheek Goby; Gobio de Mejilla Rayada </p>
            <p>Vouchers: LSUMZ 15347 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Florida, USA, to Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4130; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E860FF96FF792AD8FB1B33E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E867FF91FF792C88FBA135D1.text	038C8788E867FF91FF792C88FBA135D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenogobius sagittula (Gunther 1862)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenogobius sagittula (Günther 1862) . Lancetail Goby, Longtail Goby; Gobio Aguzado </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0482-002 (1); other collections: UF 141441 (1) and 142445 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from San Diego Bay, California, USA, to Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 229, as  Gobionellus sagittula —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2103; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E867FF91FF792C88FBA135D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E867FF91FF792DC4FE79368D.text	038C8788E867FF91FF792DC4FE79368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Evorthodus lyricus (Girard 1858)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Evorthodus lyricus (Girard 1858) . Lyre Goby; Gobio Lira, Tismiche </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) UF 106972 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; Chesapeake Bay, USA, to São Paulo, Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 228; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4166; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E867FF91FF792DC4FE79368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E867FF91FF792F00FACD3791.text	038C8788E867FF91FF792F00FACD3791.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Evorthodus minutus Meek & Hildebrand 1928	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Evorthodus minutus 
Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1928 . Red-Fin Goby, Small Goby; Gobio Aletas Rojas, Gobio Pequeño </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) UF 106979 (1).  Distribution :  Eastern Pacific Ocean ; from  Sonora ,  Mexico , to  Ecuador , including the Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2086; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E867FF91FF792F00FACD3791	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E867FF91FF792804FAE83171.text	038C8788E867FF91FF792804FAE83171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobioides broussonnetii Lacepede 1800	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gobioides broussonnetii Lacepède 1800 . Violet Goby; Esmeralda de Rio, Gobio Violeta </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Georgia, USA, to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 228; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4171; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E867FF91FF792804FAE83171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E867FF91FF79292BFB203236.text	038C8788E867FF91FF79292BFB203236.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobionellus microdon (Gilbert 1892)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gobionellus microdon (Gilbert 1892) . Estuary Goby, Palmtail Goby; Gobio Cola de Palma, Gobio Plateado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0270-004 (36) and 0272-006 (1); other collections: CAS 52016 (1), MCZ 30716 (1) and TCWC 249101 (2). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 229; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2101; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 37; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E867FF91FF79292BFB203236	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E867FF91FF792A67FDEB333A.text	038C8788E867FF91FF792A67FDEB333A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophogobius cyprinoides (Pallas 1770)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lophogobius cyprinoides (Pallas 1770) . Gobio Crestado del Atlántico, Gobio Gallo; Atlantic Crested-Goby </p>
            <p>Vouchers: LSUMZ 15330 (6) and 15342 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to Venezuela; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) UI and WK (Atlantic); 0–7 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 2534; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E867FF91FF792A67FDEB333A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E867FF90FF792B6BFAE83485.text	038C8788E867FF90FF792B6BFAE83485.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microgobius miraflorensis Gilbert & Starks 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Microgobius miraflorensis Gilbert &amp; Starks 1904 . Miraflores Goby; Gobio de Miraflores, Gobio Jupón </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 230; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2067; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 39; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E867FF90FF792B6BFAE83485	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E866FF90FF7929F0FBA1329D.text	038C8788E866FF90FF7929F0FBA1329D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophisternon aenigmaticum Rosen & Greenwood 1976	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ophisternon aenigmaticum Rosen &amp; Greenwood 1976 . Obscure Swamp Eel; Anguila, Anguila de Pantano, Anguila de Suampo, Anguila de Lodo, Anevila, Anguila Falsa, Culebra, Anguila de Pantano Oscura </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   Not available.  Distribution :  North and  Central America ; from  southern Mexico to  northern Costa Rica , including  Cuba and  Trinidad and Tobago, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) SJ and RF (Atlantic); 28–43 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 156; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 40; listed, including information on distribution)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E866FF90FF7929F0FBA1329D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E866FF90FF792D38FC6E361D.text	038C8788E866FF90FF792D38FC6E361D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sicydium altum Meek 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sicydium altum Meek 1907 . Atlantic Titi Goby; Chupapiedras, Tití, Gobio, Gobio de Río, Lamearenas, Dormilón </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 3225-007 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Nicaragua to (probably) western Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) IM (Atlantic); 0–780 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; VU B1ab(iii,v) (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 402; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 39; listed, including information on distribution). Remarks: This species was reported from northern Costa Rica to western Panama (Angulo 2021), including the binational (Costa Rica-Nicaragua) San Juan watershed. Our record in the Indio Maíz hydrogeographic unit represents a range extension in the known distribution of the species.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E866FF90FF792D38FC6E361D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E866FF90FF792E90FDE93791.text	038C8788E866FF90FF792E90FDE93791.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sicydium salvini Ogilvie-Grant 1884	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sicydium salvini Ogilvie-Grant 1884 . Pacific Titi Goby; Chupapiedras, Tití, Gobio, Gobio de Río, Gobio de Río del Pacífico, Lamearenas, Dormilón </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0184-005 (49) and 0466-008 (2). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from El Salvador to Ecuador; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ch, Ne, ER, PN, Ni (Pacific); 0–319 masl; Per, Dia, Cat. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NE, population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 230; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 113, as  Sicydium multipunctatum Regan 1906 —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 405; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 39; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E866FF90FF792E90FDE93791	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E866FF90FF792899FDDC31BD.text	038C8788E866FF90FF792899FDDC31BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synbranchidae Bonaparte 1835	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Synbranchidae Bonaparte 1835 (Fig. 3K). Swamp Eels; Anguilas de Pantano, Anguilas de Lodo, Anevilas, Anguilas Falsas </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, eel-shaped, more or less rounded in cross section; up to 100 cm in length; scales absent; eyes small (some species functionally blind with eyes sunken below skin); anterior and posterior nostrils widely separated; pectoral and pelvic fins absent (pectorals present in early development of some species); dorsal and anal fins vestigial (reduced to a rayless ridge); caudal fin usually vestigial to absent (Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Tropical and subtropical freshwater, some species occasionally in brackish water (rarely marine); western Africa, Liberia, Asia, Indo-Australian Archipelago and from Mexico to South America (Nelson et al. 2016). Two genera and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E866FF90FF792899FDDC31BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E866FF93FF792B10FAC73589.text	038C8788E866FF93FF792B10FAC73589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch 1795	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch 1795 . Marbled Swamp Eel; Anguila, Anguila de Pantano, Anguila de Suampo, Anguila de Lodo, Anevila, Anguila Falsa, Culebra, Anguila de Pantano Moteada </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0184-008 (2), 0190-006 (1), 0268-005 (1), 0275-004 (1), 0461-012 (4), 0539-004 (1), 0543-001 (4), 1056-002 (1) and 3131-002 (1); FMNH 314 (1); LSUMZ 15391 (1); other collections: CUMV 53917 (1), IBUNAM 13851 (1), KU 21651 (1), LACM 9738-1 (2), UMMZ 180623 (1) and 199640 (1), MVZ 30587 (1), SIO 15-2552 and (1) TCWC 254701. Distribution: North, Central and South America; from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–711 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 151; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 157; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 113; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 260; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 211; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 39; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 40; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E866FF93FF792B10FAC73589	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E865FF93FF792E91FAC137D9.text	038C8788E865FF93FF792E91FAC137D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomidae Poey 1967	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Centropomidae Poey 1967 (Fig. 3L). Snooks; Róbalos, Gualajes </p>
            <p>Description: Body oblong, elongate and slightly compressed; up to 120 cm in length; head pointed, with forehead oblique to concave; mouth large and protractile; lower jaw strongly protruding; margin of preopercle serrated; scales rough, large; lateral line, which usually is dark, extends to the end of the tail fin; two well separated dorsal fins, the first one with eight spines and the second one with one spine and 8–11 rays; anal fin short, with three strong spines and 5–8 soft rays; pelvic fins insert a little behind pectoral base, with one strong spine and five rays; caudal fin strongly forked (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015). Distribution: Marine (often brackish) and freshwater; tropical and subtropical waters of America (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and eleven species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E865FF93FF792E91FAC137D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E865FF93FF792FCCFAE830B9.text	038C8788E865FF93FF792FCCFAE830B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus armatus Gill 1863	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus armatus Gill 1863 . Armed Snook, Long-Spine Snook; Róbalo Armado, Róbalo Espina Larga </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 161; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1086; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 40; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E865FF93FF792FCCFAE830B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E865FF93FF7928ECFB8E322D.text	038C8788E865FF93FF7928ECFB8E322D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus ensiferus Poey 1860	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus ensiferus Poey 1860 . Swordspine Snook; Róbalo de Espolón, Kalwa </p>
            <p> Vouchers: LSUMZ 15312 (1), 15332 (9), 15343 (3) and 15368 (31). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr, GM and Es (Atlantic); 0–11 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 161; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 27; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 46, as  Centropomus robalito —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3457; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 40; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E865FF93FF7928ECFB8E322D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E865FF93FF792A44FDE933E9.text	038C8788E865FF93FF792A44FDE933E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus medius Gunther 1864	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus medius Günther 1864 . Bigeye Snook, Blackfin Snook; Róbalo Aleta Manchada, Róbalo Aleta Prieta, Róbalo Ojón, Gualaje Aleta Manchada </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California and the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 265; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1088; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 40; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E865FF93FF792A44FDE933E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E864FF92FF792C88FB1B3519.text	038C8788E864FF92FF792C88FB1B3519.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus mexicanus Bocourt 1868	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus mexicanus Bocourt 1868 . Largescale Fat Snook; Róbalo Gordo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3458; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 41; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E864FF92FF792C88FB1B3519	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E864FF92FF792D8CFE7936B1.text	038C8788E864FF92FF792D8CFE7936B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus nigrescens Gunther 1864	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus nigrescens Günther 1864 . Black Snook; Róbalo Negro, Róbalo Redondo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California and the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ch, Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–319 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 161; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 106; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1087; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 41; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E864FF92FF792D8CFE7936B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E864FF92FF792EE4FE8830B9.text	038C8788E864FF92FF792EE4FE8830B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus parallelus Poey 1860	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus parallelus Poey 1860 . Smallscale Fat Snook; Róbalo de Escama Pequeña, Calva, Chucumite, Robalito, Kalwa </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 1066-011 (1); LSUMZ 15311 (2). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr, GM, Es, BF, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–43 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 160; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 267; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 29; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 46, as  Centropomus pectinatus —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3459; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 41; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E864FF92FF792EE4FE8830B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E864FF92FF7928F3FC3632EE.text	038C8788E864FF92FF7928F3FC3632EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus pectinatus Poey 1860	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus pectinatus Poey 1860 (Fig. 8A). Tarpon Snook; Róbalo Constantino, Constantino, Róbalo Prieto, Gualaje del Atlántico, Kalwa </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) UF 233393 (1) and 233786 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Es, BF, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 160; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 269; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 31; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 46; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3460; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 41; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E864FF92FF7928F3FC3632EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E864FF92FF792ADFFCAF3386.text	038C8788E864FF92FF792ADFFCAF3386.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus robalito Jordan & Gilbert 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus robalito Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1882 . Little Snook, Yellowfin Snook; Róbalo de Aleta Amarilla, Robalito </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) MCZ 30718 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–21 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 161; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 271; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1089; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 41; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E864FF92FF792ADFFCAF3386	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86BFF9DFF792C88FB8E36F9.text	038C8788E86BFF9DFF792C88FB8E36F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch 1792)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch 1792) . Common Snook; Róbalo Blanco, Róbalo Común </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0364-001 (3); LSUMZ 15344 (2) and 15376 (4). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from South Carolina, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, Es, BF, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–75 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 149; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 160; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 272; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 35; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 107; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 46, as  Centropomus medius —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3462; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 41; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86BFF9DFF792C88FB8E36F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86BFF9DFF792EACFAE837D9.text	038C8788E86BFF9DFF792EACFAE837D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus unionensis Bocourt 1868	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus unionensis Bocourt 1868 . Humpback Snook, Union Snook; Róbalo Chato, Róbalo Mano de Piedra, Róbalo Serrano </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the mouth of the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northen Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1090; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 42; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86BFF9DFF792EACFAE837D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86BFF9DFF792FCCFACD30DD.text	038C8788E86BFF9DFF792FCCFACD30DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centropomus viridis Lockington 1877	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Centropomus viridis Lockington 1877 . White Snook; Róbalo Blanco, Róbalo Plateado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from Baja California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including the Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1091; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 42; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86BFF9DFF792FCCFACD30DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86BFF9DFF792A44FB2033E9.text	038C8788E86BFF9DFF792A44FB2033E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett 1839)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Polydactylus approximans (Lay &amp; Bennett 1839) . Blue Bobo; Barbudo Azul, Bobo Blanco, Barbudo de Seis Barbas </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) CAS 51246 (12) and TCWC 44419 (3). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from central California, USA, to Chile, including the Cocos, Malpelo and Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 211; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1402; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 42; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86BFF9DFF792A44FB2033E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86BFF9DFF7928D1FC3F3251.text	038C8788E86BFF9DFF7928D1FC3F3251.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polynemidae Rafinesque 1815	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Polynemidae Rafinesque 1815 (Fig. 3M). Threadfins, Tassel-Fishes, Bobos; Bobos, Barbudos </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, compressed; up to 46 cm in length; snout short, conical, translucent, overhangs mouth; mouth moderate, inferior, with bottom lip extending to front, but no top lip; tooth bands of top jaw touching in center; eyes large, longer than snout, with fatty cover, at front of head; preopercle serrated; scales rough; lateral line extends onto caudal fin; pectoral fin low on side, divided in two portions, the upper portion a normal fin, with 12–19 rays, the lower portion, under gills, with 3–16 long, free rays; two well separated dorsal fins, the first one with eight spines and the second one with one spine and 11–15 rays; pelvic fins well behind the pectoral fin base, under the first dorsal; anal fin base short, with three spines and 10–18 rays; caudal fin forked (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015).</p>
            <p>Distribution: Marine (often brackish), rarely freshwater; worldwide, all tropical and subtropical seas (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015). One genus and three species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86BFF9DFF7928D1FC3F3251	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86AFF9CFF792820FD1F3105.text	038C8788E86AFF9CFF792820FD1F3105.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins & Evermann 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins &amp; Evermann 1889 . Bigmouth Sanddab; Lenguado Boca Grande, Lenguado Tapadera </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California Sur, Mexico, to northern Peru, inluding the Revillagigedo islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–24 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 235; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2390; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 42; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86AFF9CFF792820FD1F3105	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86AFF9CFF7929B8FCAF3331.text	038C8788E86AFF9CFF7929B8FCAF3331.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Citharichthys spilopterus Gunther 1862	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Citharichthys spilopterus Günther 1862 (Fig. 8C). Bay Whiff; Lenguado Pardo </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0269-005 (1) and 0363-016 (1); other collections: IBUNAM 13793 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to the Antilles and southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa and SJ (Atlantic); 0–30 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 235; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 428; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 85; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 48, as  Citherichthys spilopterus —misspelled; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4289; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 43; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86AFF9CFF7929B8FCAF3331	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86AFF9FFF792B64FCAF3519.text	038C8788E86AFF9FFF792B64FCAF3519.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Citharichthys uhleri Jordan 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Citharichthys uhleri Jordan 1889. Voodoo Whiff; Lenguado Albimoteado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Gulf of Mexico to the sothwestern Caribbean and nothern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP, Es and To (Atlantic); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2021), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 235; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 430; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4688; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 43; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86AFF9FFF792B64FCAF3519	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86AFF9CFF792F01FE81306D.text	038C8788E86AFF9CFF792F01FE81306D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralichthyidae Regan 1910	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Paralichthyidae Regan 1910 (Fig. 3N). Sand Flounders, Sandabs; Lenguados, Peces Hoja </p>
            <p>Description: Body strongly compressed, flattened, oval in shape; up to 150 cm, usually less than 70 cm; eyes on the left side; border of the preoperculum free, not obscured by skin or scales; pectoral fins on both sides of body, with branched rays; pelvic fins on both sides of body, with 5–6 rays, bases short and symmetrical or nearly so; dorsal and anal fins not joined to the caudal fin (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, rarely freshwater; Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and three species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86AFF9CFF792F01FE81306D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86AFF9CFF792C88FDEB35F5.text	038C8788E86AFF9CFF792C88FDEB35F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polydactylus opercularis (Gill 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Polydactylus opercularis (Gill 1863) . Yellow Bobo; Bobo Amarillo, Barbudo de Nueve Barbas </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California, USA, to Chile; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER and PN (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 211; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1403; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86AFF9CFF792C88FDEB35F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86AFF9CFF792DA8FBA1368D.text	038C8788E86AFF9CFF792DA8FBA1368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) (Fig. 8B). Barbu, Barbu Threadfin; Barbudo Barbú </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to Salvador, Brazil, excluding the Gulf of Mexico; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK and BF (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 211; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 3829; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 45, as  Polydactylus oligodon (Günther 1860) —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 42; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86AFF9CFF792DA8FBA1368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E869FF9FFF792D8DFDF3368D.text	038C8788E869FF9FFF792D8DFDF3368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Achiridae Rafinesque 1815	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Achiridae Rafinesque 1815 (Fig. 4A). American Soles; Lenguados Redondos, Suelas Americanas, Lenguados Derechos </p>
            <p>Description: Body strongly compressed, flattened, rounded in shape; up to 35 cm; snout rounded; mouth small, oblique, a little under snout; lips fleshy, often fringed; eyes on the right side, close together, small to minute; preoperculum edge covered with skin but visible as a superficial groove; origin of the dorsal fin well before the eye, with the frontal rays in a skin envelope and hard to see; pectoral present or absent, better developed on the eye side, rudimentary or absent on the blind side; both pelvic fins present, right pelvic fin joined to the anal fin; caudal fin not connected to the dorsal and anal fins (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (often brackish) and freshwater; tropical and subtropical waters of America (Nelson et al. 2016). Two genera and four species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E869FF9FFF792D8DFDF3368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E869FF9FFF792F00FBA13049.text	038C8788E869FF9FFF792F00FBA13049.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) . Lined Sole; Suela Pintada </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   UCR 0363-001 (10).  Distribution :  Western Atlantic Ocean ; from  southern Carolina , USA, to northern Argentina; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr, KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown  . </p>
            <p>Literature: Fowler (1923: 32; listed, including information on distribution), Villa (1982: 237; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4329; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 43; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E869FF9FFF792F00FBA13049	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E869FF9FFF79287CFC3631E1.text	038C8788E869FF9FFF79287CFC3631E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Achirus mazatlanus (Steindachner 1869)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Achirus mazatlanus (Steindachner 1869) . Hairy Sole, Mazatlan Sole, Pacific Lined Sole; Suela Arepita, Lenguado-Redondo Listado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0483-003 (2); other collections: KUI 22694 (1), UF 106913 (1) and 106945 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California Sur, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–10 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 237; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2358; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 43; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E869FF9FFF79287CFC3631E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E869FF9FFF7929D4FC363379.text	038C8788E869FF9FFF7929D4FC363379.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trinectes fonsecensis (Gunther 1862)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trinectes fonsecensis (Günther 1862) (Fig. 8D). Spotted Fin Sole; Suela Rayada, Lenguado-Redondo Rayado </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0187-003 (20); other collections: UF 106609 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–10 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 239; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 433; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2363; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 44; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E869FF9FFF7929D4FC363379	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E869FF9EFF792B2CFAE83519.text	038C8788E869FF9EFF792B2CFAE83519.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trinectes paulistanus (Miranda Ribeiro 1915)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trinectes paulistanus (Miranda Ribeiro 1915) (Fig. 8E). Slipper Sole, Southern Hogchoker; Suela Carioca, Suela Chancieta </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 1066-009 (2). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Quintana Roo, Mexico, to northern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP, Es, BF and To (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p> Literature: Villa (1982: 239, as  Trinectes maculatus (Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801) —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 434; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 48; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4339; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 44; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E869FF9EFF792B2CFAE83519	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E868FF9EFF792D8DFC503745.text	038C8788E868FF9EFF792D8DFC503745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carangidae Rafinesque 1815	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Carangidae Rafinesque 1815 (Fig. 4B). Jacks, Amberjacks, Crevalles, Jack-Mackerels, Leatherjackets, Lookdowns, Pilot-Fishes, Pompanos, Scads, Trevallies; Jureles, Palometas, Zapateros, Pámpanos, Cocineros, Jorobados, Orquetas, Hojaranes, Chicharros, Macarelas, Caballas, Casabes, Peces Piloto, Jureles Cuero </p>
            <p>Description: Body robust, but generally compressed (ranging from very deep to fusiform); up to 130 cm in length; scales generally cycloid, small, ctenoid in a few species (scales on the posterior portion of the lateral line are usually modified into spiny scutes), naked areas variously developed; up to nine detached finlets sometimes present behind dorsal and anal fins; two dorsal fins in large juveniles and adults, the first one with 4–8 spines (which in a few species are very short and lack a continuous membrane) and the second one with one spine and 17–44 soft rays; usually three anal spines with the first two (rarely only one) detached from the rest of the anal fin and usually 15–39 soft rays; caudal peduncle slender; caudal fin widely forked; generally silvery in color (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, rarely brackish or freshwaster; Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). Four genera and ten species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E868FF9EFF792D8DFC503745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E868FF9EFF792F78FE883025.text	038C8788E868FF9EFF792F78FE883025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caranx caballus Gunther 1868	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caranx caballus Günther 1868 . Green Jack; Jurel Bonito, Jurel Cojinua </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections)   TCWC 44409 (2).  Distribution :  Eastern Pacific Ocean ; from  southern California , USA, to  Chile , including all the offshore islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ni (Pacific); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp;Allen (2015: 1245; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 45; listed, including information on distribution)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E868FF9EFF792F78FE883025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E868FF9EFF792898FACD3105.text	038C8788E868FF9EFF792898FACD3105.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caranx caninus Gunther 1867	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caranx caninus Günther 1867 . Pacific Crevalle Jack; Jurel Toro </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) UF 106651 (1) and UF 127944 (1; misslabeled as  Caranx hippos ). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California, USA, to northern Peru, including the Revillagigedos, Galapagos, Cocos and Malpelo island; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1246; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 45; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E868FF9EFF792898FACD3105	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E868FF9EFF7929B8FE793355.text	038C8788E868FF9EFF7929B8FE793355.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) . Crevalle Jack; Jurel Común, Jiguagua </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Atlantic Ocean; from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Uruguay, in the western Atlantic, and from Portugal to Angola, including the western Mediterranean, in the eastern Atlantic; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 165; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 23; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 41, as  Caranx sp. —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3640; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 45; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E868FF9EFF7929B8FE793355	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E868FF99FF792B48FBA135F5.text	038C8788E868FF99FF792B48FBA135F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caranx latus Agassiz 1831	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 (Fig. 8F). Horse-Eye Jack; Jurel Blanco, Gallego, Jurel Ojón </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 1066-010 (1); other collections: KU 22695 (1). Distribution: Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to São Paulo, Brazil, in the western Atlantic, and the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Rocks, the Ascension island, and the Gulf of Guinea, in the eastern Atlantic; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Es, BF, IM, To, Sa and SJ (Atlantic); 0–25 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 165; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 274; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 41; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3641; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 45; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E868FF99FF792B48FBA135F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86FFF99FF792DA8FB2036B1.text	038C8788E86FFF99FF792DA8FB2036B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1825 . Bigeye Trevally, Bigeye Crevalle-Jack; Jurel Ojigordo, Jurel Ojón, Jurel Voraz </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Indo-Pacific Ocean; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–12 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend decreasing. Literature: Villa (1982: 165, as  Caranx marginatus Gill 1863 ; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1251; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 45; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86FFF99FF792DA8FB2036B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86FFF99FF792EE4FC363049.text	038C8788E86FFF99FF792EE4FC363049.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oligoplites altus (Gunther 1868)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Oligoplites altus (Günther 1868) . Longjaw Leatherjacket; Cuero Amarillo, Piña Bocona, Zapatero Sierrita, Jurel, Palometa, Caballa </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California and the Gulf of California, Mexico, to Chile; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER and PN (Pacific); 0–10 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 167, as  Oligoplites mundus Jorsan &amp; Starks 1898 ; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1286; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 45; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86FFF99FF792EE4FC363049	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86FFF99FF79287CFE883275.text	038C8788E86FFF99FF79287CFE883275.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier 1832)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier 1832) (Fig. 8G). Maracaibo Leatherjack; Zapatero Palometa, Piña Palometa, Jurel, Palometa, Caballa </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Guatemala to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Es, BF and To (Atlantic); 0–9 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 167; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 276; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 25; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 42; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3636; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 46; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86FFF99FF79287CFE883275	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86FFF99FF792A28FAE83331.text	038C8788E86FFF99FF792A28FAE83331.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider 1801)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Oligoplites saurus (Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801) . Atlantic Leatherjack; Zapatero Siete Cueros, Piña Sietecueros, Zapatero, Jurel, Palometa, Caballa </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0363-003 (7). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Maine, USA, to Uruguay; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and To (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 167; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3648; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 46; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86FFF99FF792A28FAE83331	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86EFF9BFF792B99FAB53485.text	038C8788E86EFF9BFF792B99FAB53485.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758) . Atlantic Lookdown, Lookdown Moonfish; Jorobado, Jorobado de Penacho </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Mayne, USA, to Uruguay; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend stable. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 42; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3653; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86EFF9BFF792B99FAB53485	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86DFF9BFF792FE8FD3B3171.text	038C8788E86DFF9BFF792FE8FD3B3171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Gunther 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Günther 1867) . Convict Cichlid; Congo, Convicto, Conguito Convicto </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from central Guatemala, to northern Nicaragua to central Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ch, Ne (Pacific); 279–319 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 110, as  Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2007: 49; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Bagley et al. (2017: 155; phylogeography and species delimitation, with information on distribution, including a map). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86DFF9BFF792FE8FD3B3171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86DFF9BFF792924FE7932E5.text	038C8788E86DFF9BFF792924FE7932E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amatitlania septemfasciata (Regan 1908)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amatitlania septemfasciata (Regan 1908) . Seven Stripe Cichlid; Mojarra, Chogorra </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 3224-002 (2) and 3225-003 (8); other collections: IBUNAM 13722 (1), 13723 (1) and 13724 (1).</p>
            <p> Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to central Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 10–421 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 348, as  Archocentrus septemfasciatus —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2007: 43, as  Cryptoheros septemfasciatus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 47; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86DFF9BFF792924FE7932E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86DFF9AFF792AD8FB2C3745.text	038C8788E86DFF9AFF792AD8FB2C3745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amatitlania siquia Schmitter-Soto 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amatitlania siquia Schmitter-Soto 2007 (Fig. 8I). Convict Cichlid; Congo, Convicto, Carate, Mojarra Rayada, Chogorra, Picaculo, Burra, Sargento </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0050-004 (66), 0063-003 (61), 0185-003 (17), 0188-005 (21), 0190-003 (13), 0242-003 (3), 0265- 005 (4), 0266-002 (42), 0267-004 (5), 0269-002 (154), 0273-002 (150), 0274-003 (17), 0275-002 (8), 0447-002 (5), 0457-004 (47), 0458-002 (54), 0459-006 (9), 0460-007 (31), 0461-007 (162), 0462-004 (20), 0464-005 (2), 0466- 001 (40), 0473-002 (5), 0549-001 (1), 1004-010 (1), 1051-005 (2), 1052-018 (168), 1053-003 (1), 1054-013 (13), 1055-016 (4), 1057-004 (2), 1062-009 (7), 3115-005 (1), 3222-002 (3), 3223-001 (7), 3224-003 (1) and 3225-002 (2); LSUMZ 15387 (5), 15418 (4), 15426 (2), 15431 (1),15439 (17),15448 (9),15460 (2), 15469 (1), 17148 (12) and 17151 (3); other collections:ANSP 67471 (4), 67475 (4), 67479 (8), 169222 (8), 169225 (3), 169226 (9), CAS 61366 (12), 61401 (1), 61536 (1), 76040 (7), 76221 (2), 79798 (39), IBUNAM 13711 (1), 13712 (1), 13714 (1), 13715 (1), 13716 (1), 13717 (1), 13718 (1), 13719 (1), 13720 (1), 13854 (1), UMMMZ 188257 (1), 188258 (1), 196939 (1), 196948 (1), 196954 (1) and 243709 (1). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Honduras to central Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), PN and Ni (Pacific); 5–710 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Fowler (1923: 31, as  Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum Günther 1867 —misidentification; brief description,including information on distribution), Villa (1982:196,as  C.nigrofasciatum —misidentification;detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 342, as  Archocentrus nigrofasciatus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 53, as  A. nigrofasciatus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2007: 53; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 205, as  A. nigrofasciatus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 32; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Bagley et al. (2017: 155; phylogeography and species delimitation, with information on distribution, including a map), Angulo (2021: 47; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86DFF9AFF792AD8FB2C3745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86DFF9BFF792EADFE8137B5.text	038C8788E86DFF9BFF792EADFE8137B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cichlidae Bonaparte 1835	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Cichlidae Bonaparte 1835 (Fig. 4C). Cichlids; Mojarras, Congos, Burras, Chogorras, Tilapias </p>
            <p>Description: Body shape quite variable, mostly moderately deep and compressed; up to 80 cm in length, usually less than 20 cm; a single nostril on each side; lateral line interrupted, usually with 20–50 scales (but number may exceed 100 in some taxa); usually 7–25 spines and 5–30 soft rays in the dorsal fin; anal fin with usually with 3–15 spines and 4–15 soft rays (Nelson et al. 2016, Angulo et al. 2021). Distribution: Freshwater and occasionally in brackish water; Central and South America (one species extending north to Texas), West Indies, Africa, Madagascar, Israel, Syria, coastal India, and Sri Lanka (Nelson et al. 2016). Thirteen genera and thirty-five species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86DFF9BFF792EADFE8137B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86DFF9BFF792D38FC1B3665.text	038C8788E86DFF9BFF792D38FC1B3665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus 1758) . Permit, Permit Pompano; Pámpano, Pámpano Palometa </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Massachusetts, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend stable. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 41, as  Alectes ciliare (Bloch 1787) —misspelled and misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3659; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86DFF9BFF792D38FC1B3665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86CFF9AFF792F78FB01306D.text	038C8788E86CFF9AFF792F78FB01306D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus amarillo Stauffer & McKaye 2002	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus amarillo Stauffer &amp; McKaye 2002 . Yellow Midas Cichlid; Mojarra Amarilla </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) PSU 3448 (6) and 3448.1 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Xiloá, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 45– 45 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; VU D2 (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Stauffer &amp; McKaye (2002: 8; original description) and Stauffer et al. (2008: 117; comparative morphological data and information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86CFF9AFF792F78FB01306D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86CFF9AFF792820FB743171.text	038C8788E86CFF9AFF792820FB743171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus astorquii Stauffer, McCrary & Black 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus astorquii Stauffer, McCrary &amp; Black 2008 . Black Midas Cichlid, Astorqui’s Cichlid; Cíclido Midas Oscuro, Mojarra De Astorqui </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) AMNH 240557 (4), PSU 4518.1 (1), 4519 (4), 4520 (1), 4521 (1), 4523 (1), 4525 (1), 4526 (1), 4527 (1), 4528 (1) and 4529 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Apoyo, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 73– 73 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; CR B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Stauffer et al. (2008: 122; original description).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86CFF9AFF792820FB743171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86CFF9AFF792924FD0B3275.text	038C8788E86CFF9AFF792924FD0B3275.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus chancho Stauffer, McCrary & Black 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus chancho Stauffer, McCrary &amp; Black 2008 . Chancho Cichlid; Mojarra Chancho </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) AMNH 240556 (4), PSU 4500 (1), 4500.1 (1), 4501 (1), 4502 (1), 4503 (1), 4504 (1), 4505 (1), 4506 (1), 4507 (1), 4508 (1), 4509 (1), 4510 (1), 4511 (1), 4512 (1), 4513 (1) and 4514 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Apoyo, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 73– 73 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; CR B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Stauffer et al. (2008: 119; original description).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86CFF9AFF792924FD0B3275	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E86CFF85FF792A28FC453665.text	038C8788E86CFF85FF792A28FC453665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus citrinellus (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther 1864) . Midas Cichlid; Mojarra, Mojarra Midas, Cíclido Midas </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0011-004 (4), 0024-015 (21), 0049-002 (3), 0050-002 (108), 0061-006 (7), 0062-004 (10), 0063- 002 (100), 0185-002 (15), 0188-001 (127), 0189-001 (20), 0190-001 (16), 0242-002 (13), 1051-004 (9), 1052- 017 (1), 3115-001 (1) and 3134-003 (1); FMNH 5948 (2), 5949 (3), 5950 (1), 5951 (1), 5952 (2), 5953 (6), 5954 (17), 5955 (8), 5956 (3), 5957 (5), 5958 (21), 5959 (11), 5960 (28), 5961 (11), 5962 (6), 5963 (13), 5964 (60), 5965 (16), 5966 (5), 5967 (9), 5968 (15), 5969 (14), 6206 (2), 6207 (7), 6208 (4), 6209 (1), 6212 (3), 6214 (2), 6215 (3), 6216 (5), 6220 (9), 33007 (3), 33010 (9), 52518 (1), 52519 (1), 52520 (1), 52521 (1), 52522 (1), 52523 (3), 52532 (1) and 95001 (25); LSUMZ 15443 (1); other collections: IBUNAM 13696 (1), 13698 (1), 13700 (1), 13701 (1) and UMMZ 245140 (1). Distribution: Central America; from central Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 4–135 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Meek (1907: 121, as  Cichlasoma citinellum —synonym, also as  Cichlasoma granadense (Meek, 1097) —misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 134, as  Cichlasoma citrinellus , in part—synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 190, as  C. citrinellum , in part—synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 312; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Stauffer &amp; McKaye (2002: 8; comparative morphological data and information on distribution), González-Alemán (2006: 49; brief description and information on distribution and ecology; the photo illustrating the species corresponds to a specimen of  Cribroheros longimanus (Günther 1867)) , Stauffer et al. (2008: 117; comparative morphological data and information on distribution), Klingenberg et al. (2003: 397; body shape variation and comparison, teeth morphology, and distribution), Angulo (2021: 47; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E86CFF85FF792A28FC453665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E873FF85FF792E58FDA63721.text	038C8788E873FF85FF792E58FDA63721.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus erythraeus (Gunther 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus erythraeus (Günther 1867) . Xolotlán Cichlid, Red Midas Cichlid; Mojarra de Xolotlán, Cíclido Midas Rojo </p>
            <p> Vouchers: FMNH 5974 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Xolotlán (Managua), Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 41– 41 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; NE, population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 124, as  Cichlasoma erythraeus —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Stauffer &amp; McKaye (2002: 8; comparative morphological data and information on distribution) and Stauffer et al. (2008: 117; comparative morphological data and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E873FF85FF792E58FDA63721	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E873FF85FF792F94FDAD3049.text	038C8788E873FF85FF792F94FDAD3049.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus flaveolus Stauffer, McCrary & Black 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus flaveolus Stauffer, McCrary &amp; Black 2008 . Apoyo Cichlid; Mojarra de Apoyo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) AMNH 240555 (6), PSU 4515 (2), 4515.1 (1) and 4517 (8). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Apoyo, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 73– 73 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; CR B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Stauffer et al. (2008: 121; original description).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E873FF85FF792F94FDAD3049	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E873FF85FF79287CFB693171.text	038C8788E873FF85FF79287CFB693171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus globosus Geiger, McCrary & Stauffer 2010	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus globosus Geiger, McCrary &amp; Stauffer 2010 . Round-Bellied Cichlid; Mojarra de Vientre Redondo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) PSU 4742 (6), 4743 (1), 4744 (2), 4745 (1), ZSM 38822 (1), 38755 (1), 38756 (1), 38757 (1), 38758 (3) and 38759 (3). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Apoyo, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 73– 73 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; CR B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Geiger et al. (2010: 164; original description).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E873FF85FF79287CFB693171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E873FF85FF792924FB1B33A1.text	038C8788E873FF85FF792924FB1B33A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus labiatus (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus labiatus (Günther 1864) (Fig. 8J). Red Devil; Mojarra Picuda, Diablo Rojo </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0190-002 (12), 0242-001 (16), 0470-001 (3), 0471-001 (4), 0472-001 (5), 0476-001 (5), 0479-002 (2), 0480-002 (5), 0536-003 (3), 0540-002 (6), 0546-003 (11) and 0550-005 (5); FMNH 5997 (5), 5998 (3), 6000 (29), 5970 (2), 5971 (1), 5972 (1), 5973 (1),5975 (5), 5976 (3), 5977 (3), 5978 (1), 33019 (3), 52526 (1), 52534 (2) and 84893 (10); LSUMZ 16986 (5) and 16987 (42); other collections: CAS 58970 (100), 59258 (1), 76043 (34), 76186 (12), 76222 (1), 61532 (2), KU 18703 (1), 18708 (1), 18709 (1), 18710 (1) and 22963 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 30–31 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NE, population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 123, as  Cichlasoma labiatum —synonym, also as  Cichlasoma lobochilus (Günther 1867) —misidentification and  Cichlasoma dorsatum (Meek, 1097) —misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 129, as  C. labiatum —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 192; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 312, as  Amphilophus citrinellus , in part—misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Stauffer &amp; McKaye (2002: 8; comparative morphological data and information on distribution), Stauffer et al. (2008: 117; comparative morphological data and information on distribution), Klingenberg et al. (2003: 397; body shape variation and comparison, teeth morphology, and distribution), Angulo (2021: 47; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E873FF85FF792924FB1B33A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E872FF84FF792C88FEED35F5.text	038C8788E872FF84FF792C88FEED35F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus sagittae Stauffer & McKaye 2002	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus sagittae Stauffer &amp; McKaye 2002 . Xiloán Arrow Cichlid; Mojarra Flecha de Xiloá </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) PSU 82 (5), 3383 (2), 3386 (5) and 3386.1 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Xiloá, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 45– 45 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; VU D2 (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Stauffer &amp; McKaye (2002: 12; original description), Stauffer et al. (2008: 117; comparative morphological data and information on distribution) and Recknagel et al. (2013: 209; comparative morphological data, including an identification key, and information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E872FF84FF792C88FEED35F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E872FF84FF792DA8FA95361D.text	038C8788E872FF84FF792DA8FA95361D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus supercilius Geiger, McCrary & Stauffer 2010	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus supercilius Geiger, McCrary &amp; Stauffer 2010 . Eyebrow Cichlid; Mojarra Cejona </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) ZSM 38821 (1), 37347 (1), 37348 (1), 37351 (2), 38751 (2), 38752 (1), 38753 (3), 38754 (1), 38776 (2), 38778 (1) and 38780 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Apoyo, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 73– 73 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; CR B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Geiger et al. (2010: 161; original description).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E872FF84FF792DA8FA95361D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E872FF84FF792E90FD8E37D9.text	038C8788E872FF84FF792E90FD8E37D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus tolteca Recknagel, Kusche, Elmer & Meyer 2013	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus tolteca Recknagel, Kusche, Elmer &amp; Meyer 2013 . Asososca Cichlid; Mojarra de Asososca </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) AMCK 13965 (1), 13966 (1), 13968 (1), 13969 (1), 13970 (1), 13972 (1), 13978 (1), 14041 (1), 14058 (1), 14059 (1), 14061 (1), 14063 (1), 14066 (1), 14067 (1), 14069 (1), 14070 (1), 14071 (1), 14072 (1), 14073 (1), 14074 (1), 14075 (1), 14076 (1), 14077 (1), 14078 (1),14079 (1), 14082 (1), 14083 (1), 14084 (1), 14085 (1), 14089 (1), 14094 (1), 14104 (1), 14108 (1), BMNH 2012.9.2.1 (1) and 2012.9.2.2-4 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago de Asososca, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 57– 57 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; VU D2 (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Recknagel et al. (2013: 212; original description).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E872FF84FF792E90FD8E37D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E872FF84FF792FCCFA273001.text	038C8788E872FF84FF792FCCFA273001.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus viridis Recknagel, Kusche, Elmer & Meyer 2013	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus viridis Recknagel, Kusche, Elmer &amp; Meyer 2013 . Green Midas Cichlid; Mojarra Verde </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) AMCK 13138 (1), 13177 (1), 13178 (1), 13180 (1), 13181 (1), 13269 (1), 13270 (1), 13271 (1), 13639 (1), BMNH 2012.9.2.5 (1) and 2012.9.2.6-7 (1). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Xiloá, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 45– 45 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; VU D2 (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Recknagel et al. (2013: 217; original description).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E872FF84FF792FCCFA273001	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E872FF84FF7928BBFEED31EA.text	038C8788E872FF84FF7928BBFEED31EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus xiloaensis Stauffer & McKaye 2002	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus xiloaensis Stauffer &amp; McKaye 2002 . Xiloá Cichlid; Mojarra de Xiloá </p>
            <p>Vouchers: LSUMZ 16989 (10); other collections: PSU 3381 (1), 3381.1 (1) and 3384 (5). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Xiloá, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 45– 45 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; VU D2 (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Stauffer &amp; McKaye (2002: 9; original description), Stauffer et al. (2008: 117; comparative morphological data and information on distribution) and Recknagel et al. (2013: 209; comparative morphological data, including an identification key, and information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E872FF84FF7928BBFEED31EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E872FF84FF7929DBFB1C3282.text	038C8788E872FF84FF7929DBFB1C3282.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphilophus zaliosus (Barlow 1976)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphilophus zaliosus (Barlow 1976) . Arrow Cichlid; Mojarra Flecha </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) CAS 29104 (1), 29105 (9), 76058 (3) and 76059 (6). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Apoyo, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 73– 73 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; CR B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Villa (1982: 201, as  Cichlasoma zaliosum —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Stauffer &amp; McKaye (2002: 2; comparative morphological data and information on distribution), Stauffer et al. (2008: 117; comparative morphological data and information on distribution), Geiger et al. (2010: 172; comparative morphological data and information on distribution) and Recknagel et al. (2013: 209; comparative morphological data and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E872FF84FF7929DBFB1C3282	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E872FF87FF792B33FC873641.text	038C8788E872FF87FF792B33FC873641.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archocentrus centrarchus (Gill 1877)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Archocentrus centrarchus (Gill 1877) . Flier Cichlid; Mojarra, Mojarra Rayada, Carate </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-002 (2), 0538-003 (6), 0546-004 (8), 0548-005 (19), 0595-001 (10), 1003-001 (1), 1054- 002 (35), 3115-010 (1) and 3134-014 (1); FMNH 5980 (3), 5981 (1), 5982 (62), 5983 (18) and 52528 (4); LSUMZ 15438 (9), 15453 (73) and 15463 (8); other collections: CAS 76226 (1), 61395 (2), 61535 (4), 61845 (1), IBUNAM 13704 (1), 13705 (1), 13706 (1), 13707 (1), KU 18723 (1), 22696 (1), LACM 2471 (1), MNHN 2001-1172 (2), TU 202730 (2), UMMZ 180612 (1), 224131 (1) and YPM-ICH 009428 (47). Distribution: Central America; from southern Honduras to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), ER and PN (Pacific); 4–78 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 126, as  Cichlasoma centrarchus —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 132, as  C. centrarchus —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 189, as  C. centrarchus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 336; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 51; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2007: 12; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 48; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E872FF87FF792B33FC873641	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E871FF87FF792E74FB2C30DD.text	038C8788E871FF87FF792E74FB2C30DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cribroheros alfari (Meek 1907)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cribroheros alfari (Meek 1907) . Pastel Cichlid; Mojarra, Mojarra Pastel, Mojarra de Alfaro </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0003-001 (1), 0457-007 (107), 0458-003 (23), 0460-008 (3), 1052-001 (29), 1053-002 (2), 1056-004 (1) and 1062-003 (4); other collections: ANSP 51222 (1), 51223 (2), 51225 (6), 51231 (1), 51232 (1), IBUNAM 13726 (1) and 13727 (1). Distribution: Central America; from western Honduras to central and eastern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 2–350 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Fowler (1923: 29, as  Cichlasoma bouchellei Fowler 1923 —synonym; detailed description, including information on distribution), Villa (1982: 189, as  Cichlasoma alfaroi —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 318, as  Astatheros alfari —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 55, as  A. alfari —synonym; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 89; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Angulo (2021: 48; listed, including information on distribution), van den Berghe (2015: 32, as  Amphilophus alfari —synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E871FF87FF792E74FB2C30DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E871FF87FF7928D7FC873386.text	038C8788E871FF87FF7928D7FC873386.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cribroheros longimanus (Gunther 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cribroheros longimanus (Günther 1867) . Red Breast Cichlid; Mojarra de Pecho Rojo, Pecho Rojo, Carate, Cholesca, Machaca </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-006 (9), 0189-003 (20), 0265-004 (1), 0273-003 (1), 0275-001 (1), 0276-001 (14), 0447- 009 (8), 0448-007 (1), 0457-006 (81), 0464-004 (1), 0466-002 (1), 0468-001 (11), 0473-001 (1), 0477-001 (9), 0479-003 (5), 0481-001 (1), 0537-002 (3), 0538-001 (18), 0542-002 (15), 0546-002 (4), 1004-012 (1), 1054-005 (27), 3115-002 (4) and 3134-001 (3); FMNH 5991 (10), 5992 (18), 5993 (12) and 52529 (3); LSUMZ 15319 (2), 15390 (2), 16988 (23), 17141 (1) and 17159 (25); other collections: CAS 76042 (3), 76055 (25), 76229 (1), 61533 (2), 61847 (23), IBUNAM 13736 (1) TU 202727 (52) and YPM-ICH 014352 (7). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Guatemala to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 6–379 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Meek (1907: 127, as  Cichlasoma longimanus —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 194, as  Cichlasoma longimanus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 109, as  Cichlasoma popenoei Carr &amp; Giovannoli 1950 —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998, as  Astatheros longimanus —synonym: 329; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 57, as  A. longimanus —synonym; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 83, as  A. longimanus —synonym; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 32, as  Amphilophus longimanus —synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Angulo (2021: 49; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E871FF87FF7928D7FC873386	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E870FF86FF792C88FC87368D.text	038C8788E870FF86FF792C88FC87368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cribroheros rostratus (Gill 1877)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cribroheros rostratus (Gill 1877) . Central American Long Snout Cichlid; Mojarra, Masamiche, Mojarra Dorada, Mojarra Amarilla, Mojarra Picuda, Carate </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0024-005 (6), 0484-001 (1), 0536-004 (1), 0542-001 (35), 0544-002 (4), 0546-001 (2), 1001-003 (2), 1004-014 (1), 1007-002 (1), 1051-002 (1), 1052-003 (18), 1053-001 (3), 1055-017 (4), 1057-002 (1) and 1062- 013 (1); FMNH 5984 (3), 5985 (7), 5986 (5), 5987 (2), 5988 (9), 6219 (8) and 57061 (2); other collections: CAS 61372 (3), 61385 (3), CUMV 71365 (1), IBUNAM 13730 (1), 13731 (1), 13732 (1), 13733 (1), 13734 (1), KU 22699 (1), MCZ 30582 (1), YPM-ICH 009425 (1), 014264 (41) and 024980 (12). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northeastern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and Ni (Pacific); 2–135 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable.</p>
            <p> Literature: Meek (1907: 126, as  Cichlasoma rostratus —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 139, as  Cichlasoma rostratus —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 197, as  Cichlasoma rostratum —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 334, as  Astatheros rostratus —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 49; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E870FF86FF792C88FC87368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E870FF86FF792F00FAE437B5.text	038C8788E870FF86FF792F00FAE437B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoheros cutteri (Fowler 1932)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cryptoheros cutteri (Fowler 1932) . Honduran Congo; Congo, Mojarra, Congo Hondureño </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   LSUMZ 17152 (2).  Distribution :  Central America ; from  northern Honduras to  northern Nicaragua ,  Atlantic and  Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co (Atlantic); 2–130 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Schmitter-Soto (2007: 43; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E870FF86FF792F00FAE437B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E870FF86FF792FEFFC873212.text	038C8788E870FF86FF792FEFFC873212.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herotilapia multispinosa (Gunther 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Herotilapia multispinosa (Günther 1867) . Rainbow Cichlid; Mojarra, Mojarra Arcoiris, Cholesca, Tilapia </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0447-003 (5), 0478-001 (3), 0536-006 (3), 0546-005 (14), 0549-004 (7), 1051-007 (2), 1052-005 (0), 1054-006 (8), 1055-013 (2) and 3115-006 (1); FMNH 6001 (1), 6002 (1), 6003 (39), 6004 (11) and 52525 (3); LSUMZ 15364 (26), 15445 (1), 15454 (4), 15461 (4) and 15471 (2); other collections: CAS 28489 (140), 61376 (15), 61381 (3), 76029 (1), IBUNAM 13739 (1), MNHN 2001-1173 (1), UMMZ 180621 (1) and 213939 (1). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Honduras to northeastern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) WK, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and Ne (Pacific); 2–75 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 131; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 144; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 202; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 351; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 59; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2007: 30, as  Archocentrus multispinosus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 32; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Angulo (2021: 49; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E870FF86FF792FEFFC873212	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E870FF81FF792A83FE7935D1.text	038C8788E870FF81FF792A83FE7935D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (Günther 1864) (Fig. 8L). Butterfly Cichlid, Moga; Moga Amarilla, Mojarra, Mojarra Mariposa, Cíclido Mariposa, Moga de Nicaragua o Nicaraguense </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0024-004 (2), 0049-001 (2), 0276-002 (2), 0538-002 (7), 0539-001 (40), 0540-004 (5), 1002-004 (1), 1006-002 (2), 1007-001 (1), 1051-006 (6), 1052-019 (3), 1055-015 (2) and 1062-011 (2); FMNH 5989 (1), 5994 (4), 5995 (11), 5996 (13), 5997 (5), 5998 (3), 6000 (29), 52513 (1), 52514 (1) and 52526 (1); LSUMZ 15436 (4); other collections: CAS 30605 (3), 61382 (1), 76039 (2), 76191 (4), 76224 (7), 76225 (3), IBUNAM 13742 (1), 13743 (1), 13744 (1), 13745 (1), 13746 (1), 13747 (1), 13748 (1), 13749 (1), 13750 (1), 13751 (1), MCZ 15619 (1), UMMZ 180614 (1), 181826 (1), 199639 (1), YPM-ICH 009426 (1) and 031761 (2). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northeastern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 2–65 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable.</p>
            <p> Literature: Meek (1907: 129, as  Cichlasoma balteatum (Gill &amp; Bransford 1877) —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 196, as  Cichlasoma nicaraguense —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 354; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2007: 66; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 49; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E870FF81FF792A83FE7935D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E877FF81FF792DC4FCAB368D.text	038C8788E877FF81FF792DC4FCAB368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mayaheros urophthalmus (Gunther 1862)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862) . Mayan Cichlid; Mojarra, Mojarra Maya </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0448-002 (1); LSUMZ 15318 (17), 15338 (1), 15365 (16), 15373 (1) and 15383 (8). Distribution: Central America; from southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK and Pr (Atlantic); 2–50 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable.</p>
            <p> Literature: Villa (1982: 201, as  Cichlasoma urophthalmus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Morgenstern (2018: 256; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution) and Gómez-Martínez et al. (2022: 234; identification key, including illustrations, and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E877FF81FF792DC4FCAB368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E877FF81FF792F00FE793251.text	038C8788E877FF81FF792F00FE793251.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neetroplus nematopus (Gunther 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neetroplus nematopus (Günther 1867) . Poor Man’s Tropheus; Moga, Mojarra </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0049-003 (72), 0063-004 (24), 0185-001 (150), 0188-002 (165), 0189-002 (16), 0190-004 (45), 0241-002 (18), 0242-005 (5), 0265-007 (3), 0266-003 (1), 0268-010 (1), 0274-001 (1), 0466-004 (1), 0470-002 (2), 0536-005 (1), 0539-002 (12), 1006-003 (1) and 3225-008 (3); FMNH 5999 (1), 6210 (1), 52538 (3) and 117208 (1); LSUMZ 15437 (5) and 15446 (6); other collections: CAS 30615 (3), 61397 (2), 76032 (3), 76033 (7), 76034 (1), 76056 (150), 76167 (3), 76182 (32), 76183 (1), 76193 (1), 76194 (12), 76228 (4), 76233 (15), 76583 (222), IBUNAM 13752 (1), 13753 (1), 13754 (1), KU 18706 (1), TU 202728 (5), YPM-ICH 007947 (1), 009423 (11) and 009793 (209). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and PN (Pacific); 10– 165 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NT B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p> Literature: Meek (1907: 130, as  Neetroplus nematopsis —misspelled and synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 142; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 203; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 357; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Schmitter-Soto (2007: 67, as  Hypsophrys nematopus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 195; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 33, as  Hypsophrys nematipus —misspelled and synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Angulo (2021: 49; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E877FF81FF792F00FE793251	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E877FF81FF792A44FB2C3331.text	038C8788E877FF81FF792A44FB2C3331.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner 1864) . Blue Tilapia; Tilapia, Tilapia Azul, Carpa </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Africa and Eurasia; introduced throughout the world; (Nicaragua) Co, Pr, GM, KP, Es and LN (Atlantic); 30–955 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Exo. Literature: McKaye et al. (1995: 405; introduction and ecological aspects), McCrary et al. (1998: 46, 2007: 107; ecology, including a discussion of potential harmful effects, and information on distribution), Al-Faisal &amp; Mutlak (2014: 45; morphological data and species identification), Angulo (2021: 50; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E877FF81FF792A44FB2C3331	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E877FF80FF792B64FCBE3485.text	038C8788E877FF80FF792B64FCBE3485.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) . Mozambique Tilapia; Tilapia, Tilapia de Mozambique, Carpa </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Southeastern Africa; introduced throughout the world; (Nicaragua) Co, Pr, GM, KP, Es, LN (Atlantic), PN and Ni (Pacific); 5–955 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Exo. Literature: McKaye et al. (1995: 405; introduction and ecological aspects), McCrary et al. (1998: 46, 2007: 107; ecology, including a discussion of potential harmful effects, and information on distribution) and Herath et al. (2014: 11; morphological data and species identification).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E877FF80FF792B64FCBE3485	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E876FF80FF792D38FE7936F9.text	038C8788E876FF80FF792D38FE7936F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) . Nile Tilapia; Tilapia, Tilapia del Nilo, Carpa </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Northern and eastern Africa; introduced throughout the world; (Nicaragua) Co, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–955 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Exo. Literature: McKaye et al. (1995: 405; introduction and ecological aspects), McCrary et al. (1998: 46, 2007: 107; ecology, including a discussion of potential harmful effects, and information on distribution), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 269, as  Orechromis sp. —misidentification; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Al-Faisal &amp; Mutlak (2014: 45; morphological data and species identification), Angulo (2021: 50; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E876FF80FF792D38FE7936F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E876FF80FF792EACFC8731E1.text	038C8788E876FF80FF792EACFC8731E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachromis dovii (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parachromis dovii (Günther 1864) . Guapote, Rainbow Bass, Wolf Cichlid; Guapote, Guapote Lagunero, Guapote Azul, Azulón, Guapotón, Guapote Verde, Guapote Lobo, Cíclido Lobo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0024-013 (1), 0185-004 (9), 0188-006 (17), 0265-006 (1), 0266-001 (1), 0267-005 (1), 0268- 008 (2), 0269-001 (4), 0273-001 (2), 0274-002 (1), 0457-005 (5), 0458-001 (41), 0461-006 (12), 1050-005 (1), 1052-004 (10), 1055-014 (2), 1057-003 (1) and 1062-004 (1); FMNH 5940 (4), 5941 (6), 5942 (4), 5946 (2), 52517 (1) and 117210 (5); LSUMZ 15427 (1), 15462 (2), 15470 (1), 17144 (1) and 17157 (3); other collections: ANSP 101521 (2), 101525 (2), 101709 (2), 169228 (19), CAS 76035 (2), 76044 (2), CUMV 64682 (1), IBUNAM 13755 (1), 13756 (1), 13757 (1), 13758 (1), KU 18707 (1), 22717 (1), LACM 2469 (2) and YPM-ICH 009421 (1).</p>
            <p> Distribution: Central America; from eastern Honduras and El Salvador (probably translocated) to northeastern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and PN (Pacific); 2–415 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Meek (1907: 120, as  Cichlasoma dovii —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 124, as  C. dovii —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 191, as  Cichlasoma dowi —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 360; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 65; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 33; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Angulo (2021: 50; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E876FF80FF792EACFC8731E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E876FF80FF7929D4FACE33C5.text	038C8788E876FF80FF7929D4FACE33C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachromis friedrichsthalii (Heckel 1840)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parachromis friedrichsthalii (Heckel 1840) . Yellow Guapote, Loiselle’s Cichlid; Guapote, Guapote Amarillo, Guapotillo, Viejito, Viejillo, Guapote Dorado, Guapote de Loiselle </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-007 (1), 0464-003 (1), 0477-002 (1), 1003-003 (2), 1052-002 (46), 1054-004 (18) and 1062- 005 (7); other collections: CAS 61370 (12), 61846 (4), 61861 (1), IBUNAM 13759 (1), 13763 (1), 13764 (1), 13765 (1) and 13766 (1). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Honduras to western Panama, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and PN (Pacific); 9–65 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 126, as  Cichlasoma friedrichsthalii —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 191, as  C. friedrichsthalii —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 364, as  Parachromis loisellei (Bussing 1989) —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Morgenstern (2018: 256; taxonomic status, detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution), Angulo (2021: 50; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E876FF80FF7929D4FACE33C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E875FF83FF792C88FD9737B5.text	038C8788E875FF83FF792C88FD9737B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachromis managuensis (Gunther 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Parachromis managuensis (Günther 1867) (Fig. 9A). Jaguar Guapote, Tiger Guapote; Guapote, Guapote Pinto, Pinto, Guapote Tigre, Barcino, Guapote Jaguar, Guapote Podrido, Guapote de Managua o Managüense </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0011-001 (1), 0050-003 (17), 0189-004 (3), 0447-001 (3), 0448-001 (2), 0466-003 (3), 0471- 002 (2), 0476-002 (2), 0479-001 (5), 0480-001 (4), 0546-006 (1), 0548-004 (4), 0551-002 (5), 0554-001 (10), 1051-003 (2), 1054-003 (4) and 2477-001 (1); FMNH 5943 (6), 5944 (1), 5945 (5), 5947 (10), 6211 (1) and 52535 (1); LSUMZ 15320 (1), 15333 (2), 15440 (1) and 15447 (4); other collections: CAS 66702 (1), 76036 (2), 76037 (4), 76038 (2), 76053 (100), 76054 (100), 76057 (1), 76227 (1), 78006 (3), 61378 (23), 61400 (3), 61402 (3), 61534 (6), IBUNAM 13768 (1), KU 18715 (1), 18716 (1), 18717 (1), 18718 (1), 22697 (1), 22698 (1), MCZ 16086 (1), 144443 (1) and TU 202732 (1). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Honduras to northeastern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; introduced in several basins in USA, Mexico and Central America; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and PN (Pacific); 2–135 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Meek (1907: 119, as  Cichlasoma managuense —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 127, as  C. managuense —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 196, as  C. managuense —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 367; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 61; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 75; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 33; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Angulo (2021: 50; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E875FF83FF792C88FD9737B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E875FF83FF792FE8FBB23171.text	038C8788E875FF83FF792FE8FBB23171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachromis motaguensis (Gunther 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> *  Parachromis motaguensis (Günther 1867) . False Yellowjacket Cichlid, Motagua Cichlid; Guapote, Mojarra del Motagua, Moro, Pando </p>
            <p> Vouchers: LSUMZ 15419 (1) and 18097 (4). Distribution: Central America; from southern Guatemala to northern Nicaragua (probably translocated), Atlantic and Pacific drainages; introduced in several basins in USA and Mexico; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK (Atlantic) and Ch (Pacific); 5–319 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Exo; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Fowler (1923: 31, as  Cichlasoma motaguense —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 107, as  C. motaguense — synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E875FF83FF792FE8FBB23171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E875FF83FF792924FD7232C1.text	038C8788E875FF83FF792924FD7232C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tomocichla tuba (Meek 1912)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tomocichla tuba (Meek 1912) . Tuba Cichlid; Vieja, Moga Verde del Atlántico, Tuba, Mojarra </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0268-009 (5), 1004-011 (1), 1006-001 (1), 1052-020 (1) and 3223-002 (2); other collections: CAS 61377 (1), CUMV 71511 (1) and IBUNAM 13770 (1). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Nicaragua to western Panama, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 2–188 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 199, as  Cichlasoma tuba —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 376, as  Theraps underwoodi (Regan 1908) —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 33; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Angulo (2021: 51; listed, including information on distribution) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E875FF83FF792924FD7232C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E875FF82FF792AF4FB9336F9.text	038C8788E875FF82FF792AF4FB9336F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vieja maculicauda (Regan 1905)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vieja maculicauda (Regan 1905) (Fig. 9B). Blackbelt Cichlid; Vieja, Mojarra, Pis Pis, Tuba, Mojarra de Estero, Palometa, Mojarra Azul, Tilapia </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0361-003 (1), 0362-001 (1), 0457-008 (2), 1003-002 (1) and 1083-001 (1); FMNH 5979 (1); LSUMZ 15303 (10), 15317 (7), 15340 (54), 15351 (3), 15372 (1), 15425 (1), 15444 (1), 17145 (1) and 17154 (1); other collections: IBUNAM 13771 (1), UMMZ 188311 (1), 188312 (1), 196949 (1), 196953 (1) and 199662 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Belize to central Panama, Atlantic and Pacific (Canal zone in Panama) drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–115 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 128, as  Cichlasoma nigritum (Meek 1907) —misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 195, as  Cichlasoma maculicauda — synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 380; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 63; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 53; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 4696; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 34; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), McMahan et al. (2016: 1; information on historical and current distribution, with a map), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4696; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 51; listed, including information on distribution), Ardon et al. (2022: 1; body shape variability) and Angulo &amp; San Gil-León (2022: e4029; identification key and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E875FF82FF792AF4FB9336F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E874FF82FF792FE8FC1B30B9.text	038C8788E874FF82FF792FE8FC1B30B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abudefduf concolor (Gill 1862)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Abudefduf concolor (Gill 1862) .  Pacific Night-Sergeant; Pintaño Catango, Pintaño Pardo, Petaca Rebosada</p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) UF 141708 (1).  Distribution :  Eastern Pacific Ocean ; from  southern Baja California Sur ,  Mexico , to  northern Peru , including the  Galapagos island ; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ni (Pacific); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1620; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E874FF82FF792FE8FC1B30B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E874FF82FF792AFBFE883386.text	038C8788E874FF82FF792AFBFE883386.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherinella chagresi (Meek & Hildebrand 1914)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Atherinella chagresi (Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1914) . Chagres Silverside; Pejerrey de Chagres, Sardina </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from northern Nicaragua to Central Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) IM and To (Atlantic); 0–30 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Bussing 1998: 240; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3234; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 51; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E874FF82FF792AFBFE883386	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E874FF82FF792941FE6432C1.text	038C8788E874FF82FF792941FE6432C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherinopsidae Fitzinger 1873	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Atherinopsidae Fitzinger 1873 (Fig. 4E). New World Silversides, American Silversides; Pejerreyes Americanos </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate; up to 100 cm in length, but usually less than 20 cm; mouth anterior, opening at the front; upper jaw extendible; small teeth present on both jaws and sometimes on the front of the roof of the mouth; eyes large; lateral line absent; pectoral fin inserted high on body, above the mid-level of the eye; pelvic fin on belly, with one spine and five rays; two well-separated dorsal fins, the first one with 2–9 spines, the second one with one anterior spine; anal fin with one anterior spine; caudal fin forked; body often translucent, with a silvery lateral stripe (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (pelagic coastal) brackish and freshwater; temperate to tropical North, Central and South America (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and six species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E874FF82FF792941FE6432C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E874FF82FF792EADFB2337B5.text	038C8788E874FF82FF792EADFB2337B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacentridae Bonaparte 1831	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Pomacentridae Bonaparte 1831 (Fig. 4D). Damselfishes, Night-Sergeants, Garibaldis, Sergeant-Majors, Gregories, Chromis, Anemonefishes; Jaquetas, Damiselas, Petacas, Castañuelas, Castañetas, Pintañas </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate to ovoid, compressed; up to 35 cm in length; a single nostril on each side; mouth small, protrusible, opens at front; jaw teeth conical, incisors or brush-like; no teeth on roof of mouth; lateral line interrupted or interrupted; a single continuous dorsal fin with 8–17 and usually 11–18 soft rays, but with the base of the spinous portion longer than the soft portion; anal fin with two spines (very rarely three) and 10–14 rays (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (rarely brackish or freshwater); all tropical oceans (primarily the Indo-Pacific) (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E874FF82FF792EADFB2337B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87BFF8DFF792C88FC1B35D1.text	038C8788E87BFF8DFF792C88FC1B35D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherinella guatemalensis (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Atherinella guatemalensis (Günther 1864) . Guatemala Silverside, Peppered Silverside; Pejerrey De Guatemala, Plateadito de Huamuchal, Sardina </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0052-004 (4). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from central Mexico to northern Nicaragua; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–15 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 139, as  Melaniris guatemalensis —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2527; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87BFF8DFF792C88FC1B35D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87BFF8DFF792DC4FE793745.text	038C8788E87BFF8DFF792DC4FE793745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherinella hubbsi (Bussing 1979)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Atherinella hubbsi (Bussing 1979) (Fig. 9C). Hubbsi’s Silverside; Pejerrey de Hubbsi, Sardina </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0265-010 (12), 0461-004 (2), 0482-003 (5), 1001-004 (8), 1003-007 (2), 1004-013 (6), 1051-011 (7), 1052-011 (2) and 1055-001 (45); other collections: IBUNAM 13647 (1), 13651 (1), 13652 (1), 13653 (1), 13656 (1), 13657 (1) and UF 25174 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Es, BF, IM, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–87 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NT B1ab(iii,v) (2020), population trend decreasing. Literature: Villa (1982: 139, as  Melaniris hubbsi Bussing 1979 —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 241; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 52; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87BFF8DFF792DC4FE793745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87BFF8DFF792F78FE193025.text	038C8788E87BFF8DFF792F78FE193025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherinella jiloaensis (Bussing 1979)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Atherinella jiloaensis (Bussing 1979) . Jiloá Guatemala Silverside, Peppered Silverside; Pejerrey de Jiloá, Sardina </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0185-005 (13) and 0596-001 (97); other collections: LACM 37350-1 (1), 37350-2 (18), UMMZ 201962 (6) and 218374 (6). Distribution: Central America; endemic to the Lago Xiloá, Nicaragua; (Nicaragua) LN (Atlantic); 40–45 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, End; CR B1ab(iii) (2009), population trend decreasing. Literature: Bussing (1979: 406; original description) and Villa (1982: 139, as  Melaniris jiloaensis —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87BFF8DFF792F78FE193025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87BFF8DFF79289FFCAF325A.text	038C8788E87BFF8DFF79289FFCAF325A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherinella milleri (Bussing 1979)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Atherinella milleri (Bussing 1979) . Miller’s Silverside; Pejerrey de Miller, Sardina </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0363-011 (55), 1001-006 (1), 1053-007 (1) and 1055-018 (2); LSUMZ 15314 (10), 15316 (50), 15335 (11), 15355 (159), 15366 (65), 15423 (23) and 17147 (66). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Honduras to Colombia; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–15 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 139, as  Melaniris milleri —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 243; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 36, as  M. milleri —synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3235; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 52; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87BFF8DFF79289FFCAF325A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87BFF8CFF792A4BFE79353D.text	038C8788E87BFF8CFF792A4BFE79353D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherinella sardina (Meek 1907)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Atherinella sardina (Meek 1907) . Nicaraguan Silverside; Pejerrey Nicaraguense, Sardina </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-014 (33), 0061-005 (8), 0062-001 (10), 0536-002 (100), 0547-002 (21), 0551-004 (6), 0553-003 (11), 0596-003 (3), 0597-001 (97) and 3115-012 (2); FMNH 5935 (8), 5936 (394), 5937 (1), 5938 (1) and 52269 (1); other collections: ANSP 90841 (1), CAS 44721 (8), 59338 (1), 61543 (6), KU 22706 (1), 22707 (1), 22708 (1), ROM 94000 (1), UF 233121 (1), 233125 (1), 233126 (1), 233127 (1), 233128 (1), 233129 (1), 233132 (1), 233133 (1), 233137 (1), 233138 (1), 233139 (1), 233140 (1), 233141 (1), 233143 (1) and YPM ICH 008571 (8). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–125 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; VU B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 114, as  Melaniris sardina —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Astorqui (1975: 114, as  Thyrinops sardina —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 141, as  M. sardina —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 244; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 263; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology) and Angulo (2021: 52; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87BFF8CFF792A4BFE79353D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87AFF8FFF792ABCFE7935F5.text	038C8788E87AFF8FFF792ABCFE7935F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alfaro cultratus (Regan 1908)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Alfaro cultratus (Regan 1908) (Fig. 9E). Knife Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Killi, Olomina de (Anastasio) Alfaro </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0011-002 (10), 0024-01 (10), 0267-002 (58), 0362-002 (26), 0458-009 (10), 0461-001 (15), 1001- 002 (2), 1002-001 (1), 1004-001 (12), 1051-008 (31), 1052-023 (85), 1053-008 (1), 1054-011 (1), 1055-003 (20), 1057-009 (4), 1062-002 (46), 3222-003 (1), 3224-005 (1) and 3225-001 (1); FMNH 84997 (5); LSUMZ 15413 (95) and 15429 (1); other collections: ANSP 169229 (1), IBUNAM 13796 (1), 13799 (1), 13800 (1), 13801 (1), 13802 (1), 13803 (1), 13804 (1), 13805 (1), 13806 (1), 13807 (1), UMMZ 180637 (1), 180638 (1), 188128 (1), 196942 (1) and 199645 (1). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Honduras to western Panama, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 3–600 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 105; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 128; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 192; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 34, as  Alfari cultratus —misspelled; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 54; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87AFF8FFF792ABCFE7935F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87AFF8CFF792EC8FE793171.text	038C8788E87AFF8CFF792EC8FE793171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynodonichthys isthmensis (Garman 1895)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cynodonichthys isthmensis (Garman 1895) (Fig. 9D). Isthmian Rivulus; Olomina, Alumina, Olomina Saltona, Killi, Saltón, Killi del Istmo </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0266-004 (5), 0361-004 (1), 0447-008 (2), 0459-003 (3), 0474-001 (3), 0475-001 (8), 1052-007 (9) and 1058-001 (21); other collections: IBUNAM 13843 (1), 13844 (1), 13845 (1), KU 18700 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Honduras to eastern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 15–700 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 156, as  Rivulus isthmensis isthmensis —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 143, as  R. isthmensis isthmensis —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 176, as  R. isthmensis isthmensis —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 95, as  Rivulus hildebrandt (Myers 1927) —misspelled and misidentification; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 37, as  Rivulus rubripunctatus (Bussing 1980) —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 53; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87AFF8CFF792EC8FE793171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87AFF8CFF792925FACF3209.text	038C8788E87AFF8CFF792925FACF3209.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poeciliidae Bonaparte 1831	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Poeciliidae Bonaparte 1831 (Fig. 4G). Livebearers, Poeciliids; Olominas, Aluminas, Bobitas, Chimbolas, Pepescas </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate to moderately deep; up to 20 cm in length, usually less than 10 cm; mouth short, wide, terminal to superior; predorsal profile usually straight; lateral line reduced to a series of individual pits alongside of the body; pectoral fins high on the sides of the body; pelvic fins originate behind pectoral fin base, under pectoral fin rays; males of most species have a gonopodium (an elongated structure composed primarily from the 3rd–5th anal rays), which facilitates internal fertilization caudal fin usually rounded (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016, Angulo et al. 2021). Distribution: Freshwater and brackish water; eastern USA to South America and Africa (including Madagascar) (Nelson et al. 2016). Eleven genus and twenty-one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87AFF8CFF792925FACF3209	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87AFF8CFF792DC5FABC36D5.text	038C8788E87AFF8CFF792DC5FABC36D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rivulidae Myers 1925	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Rivulidae Myers 1925 (Fig. 4F). New World Rivulins; Killies, Saltones, Olominas </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, cylindrical; up to 20 cm, usually less than 8 cm; mouth short, wide, terminal to superior; eyes relatively large; head flattened; pelvic fins located on the belly; lateral line incomplete, underdeveloped; dorsal fin posterior, usually behind the origin of the anal fin; caudal fin usually rounded (Nelson et al. 2016, Angulo et al. 2021). Distribution: Freshwater (rarely brackish); southern Florida through much of Central America to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87AFF8CFF792DC5FABC36D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E879FF8FFF792DA8FAEB36F9.text	038C8788E879FF8FFF792DA8FAEB36F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alfaro huberi (Fowler 1923)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Alfaro huberi (Fowler 1923) . Huber’s Knife Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Killi, Olomina de Huber </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) ANSP 51220 (1) and 51221 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Guatemala to northern Nicaragua, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co and UI (Atlantic); 5–558 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Fowler (1923: 27; original description), Villa (1982: 128; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Bussing (1998: 193; information on distribution, with a map).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E879FF8FFF792DA8FAEB36F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E879FF8FFF792EACFD1F3025.text	038C8788E879FF8FFF792EACFD1F3025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonesox belizanus Kner 1860	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Belonesox belizanus Kner 1860 (Fig. 9F). Top Minnow, Pike Killifish; Gasparcillo, Aguja, Pepesca Gaspar, Olomina Picuda, Picuda, Alumina Picuda, Pepesca </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0267-006 (3), 1004-002 (1), 1050-001 (1), 1052-006 (2), 1054-001 (22) and 1062-012 (1); LSUMZ 15306 (1), 15322 (4), 15339 (2), 15369 (4), 15380 (2) and 15389 (1); other collections: IBUNAM 13809 (1), UMMZ 199624 (1), 199634 (1), 199646 (1), 199656 (1). Distribution: North and Central America; from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–40 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 104; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 129; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 194; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 54; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E879FF8FFF792EACFD1F3025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E879FF8FFF792898FE793275.text	038C8788E879FF8FFF792898FE793275.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachyrhaphis holdridgei Bussing 1967	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brachyrhaphis holdridgei Bussing 1967 (Fig. 9G). Holdridge’s Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Olomina de Holdridge </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0459-001 (68), 1052-016 (1), 1057-005 (9) and 1058-002 (3); other collections: IBUNAM 13810 (1), 13811 (1) and 13812 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 7–350 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; NT (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 130; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 195; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 34, as  Brachyrhaphis n.sp. ?—misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 54; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E879FF8FFF792898FE793275	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E879FF8FFF792A28FEE533A1.text	038C8788E879FF8FFF792A28FEE533A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachyrhaphis olomina (Meek 1914)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brachyrhaphis olomina (Meek 1914) . Olomina Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to central Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ni (Pacific); 5–211 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 198; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 54; listed, including information on distribution). Remarks: This species was listed as endemic to Costa Rica by Angulo (2021); however, the same author (Angulo 2021: 54) reported the following distribution: “Middle America; from (probably) southern Nicaragua to central Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages”. Unpublished data and personal communications by local fishers (Francisco Samaniego, December 14, 2019 and Nestor López, April 2, 2020) and colleagues (Topiltzin Contreras, February 5, 2020) support the occurrence of  B. olomina in the southern Pacific of Nicaragua, near the border with Costa Rica, as proposed by Bussing (1998), Lyons et al. (2020) and Angulo (2021). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E879FF8FFF792A28FEE533A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E878FF8EFF792C88FE793665.text	038C8788E878FF8EFF792C88FE793665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gambusia nicaraguensis Gunther 1866	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gambusia nicaraguensis Günther 1866 . Nicaraguan Mosquitofish; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Pez Mosquito o Mosquitero, Olomina de Nicaragua o Nicaragüense </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0447-007 (3); LSUMZ 15323 (38), 15353 (2), 15371 (2), 15378 (3) and 15381 (6); other collections: UMMZ 199625 (1) and 199657 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Belize to central Panama, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–12 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 113, as  Paragambusia nicaraguensis —synonym; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 130; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 209; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 55; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E878FF8EFF792C88FE793665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E878FF8EFF792E58FDE93721.text	038C8788E878FF8EFF792E58FDE93721.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hiatirhaphis parismina (Meek 1912)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hiatirhaphis parismina (Meek 1912) . Parismina Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Olomina del Parismina </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 1002-003 (11), 1004-003 (5), 1052-015 (13), 1053-009 (1), 1055-006 (21), 1057-011 (2) and 1062-014 (1); other collections: IBUNAM 13814 (1) and 13815 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northeastern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Es, BF, IM, To, Sa and SJ (Atlantic); 9– 68 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; VU B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 200, as  Brachyrhaphis parismina —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 55; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E878FF8EFF792E58FDE93721	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E878FF8EFF792F94FE883129.text	038C8788E878FF8EFF792F94FE883129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phallichthys amates (Miller 1907)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phallichthys amates (Miller 1907) . Merry Widow Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0267-003 (32), 0268-007 (20), 0275-005 (20), 0458-010 (15), 0461-002 (12), 1051-013 (8), 1052- 014 (133), 1053-010 (1), 1054-010 (66), 1055-009 (7), 1056-003 (1), 1057-010 (7), 1058-003 (1), 1062-006 (27) and 3225-006 (1); FMNH 84989 (1); LSUMZ 15414 (15); other collections: CUMV 64683 (1), IBUNAM 13820 (1), 13821 (1), 13822 (1), 13823 (1), 13824 (1) and 13825 (1). Distribution: Central America; from eastern Guatemala to western Panama, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ and RF (Atlantic); 0–710 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 132; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 213; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 237, as  Phallichthys sp. —misidentification; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology) and Angulo (2021: 55; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E878FF8EFF792F94FE883129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E878FF8EFF79299CFE8832E5.text	038C8788E878FF8EFF79299CFE8832E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phallichthys tico Bussing 1963	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phallichthys tico Bussing 1963 . Tico Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Olomina Tica </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0548-002 (1), 0550-002 (4), 1048-001 (18) and 1051-014 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 25– 35 masl; Sec, Pot. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; VU B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 132; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 217; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 55; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E878FF8EFF79299CFE8832E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E878FF89FF792AD8FC8D37B5.text	038C8788E878FF89FF792AD8FC8D37B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilia gillii (Kner 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Poecilia cf. gillii (Kner 1863) . Gill’s Molly; Chaluca, Olomina, Alumina, Bobita, Panzona, Bubucha, Pepesca </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0011-003 (6), 0011-005 (6), 0024-012 (7), 0024-020 (11), 0051-001 (81), 0052-006 (25), 0180-001 (348), 0181-001 (118), 0182-002 (334), 0183-001 (373), 0184-001 (667), 0186-001 (410), 0265-009 (30), 0266-005 (73), 0267-001 (52), 0269-003 (73), 0272-004 (1), 0273-004 (19), 0274-004 (74), 0275-006 (44), 0361-002 (24), 0447-005 (1), 0448-003 (4), 0449-001 (4), 0457-009 (120), 0458-004 (270), 0459-002 (34), 0460-005 (126), 0461- 003 (188), 0462-006 (14), 0464-006 (1), 0466-005 (1), 0466-006 (2), 0467-003 (12), 0471-003 (3), 0473-005 (5), 0474-002 (7), 0475-002 (6), 0479-004 (4), 0485-003 (7), 0537-001 (7), 0546-007 (9), 0546-012 (3), 0547-007 (1), 0548-006 (11), 0549-002 (30), 0550-001 (6), 0550-006 (2), 0551-005 (24), 0552-005 (3), 1001-005 (11), 1004-005 (3), 1050-003 (11), 1051-015 (72), 1052-012 (13), 1053-006 (33), 1054-007 (715), 1055-010 (53), 1057-006 (11), 1062-010 (4), 1065-003 (41), 1066-007 (4), 1160-001 (4), 1161-001 (4), 3115-007 (7), 3118-001 (2), 3120-001 (1), 3122-002 (2), 3126-001 (11), 3127-001 (16), 3129-001 (36), 3131-001 (26), 3132-002 (4), 3222-001 (2), 3224-004 (2) and 3225-009 (3); LSUMZ 15307 (1), 15324 (30), 15336 (3), 15354 (2), 15370 (99), 15377 (4), 15382 (3), 15388 (6), 15394 (9), 15416 (7), 15428 (1), 15434 (2), 15441 (31), 15451 (6), 15452 (323), 15464 (67), 15465 (80), 15468 (9), 15476 (2), 17146 (11) and 17153 (6). Distribution: Central America; from southern Honduras to western Panama, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–680 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 108, as  Poecilia dovii Günther 1866 —misidentification(?); brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 219; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 243; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 35; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 56; listed, including information on distribution). Remarks: The species  Poecilia gillii , as herein considered, sensu Bussing (1998), corresponds, in part, with the molecular definition of the species  Poecilia mexicana sensu Alda et al. (2013) and Bagley et al. (2015). These authors concluded that  P. mexicana “have a much wider geographical distribution than previously thought” and that it is distributed from the Lake Petén Itzá drainage, Guatemala, to the río Cuango, Panama, on the Atlantic, and from the río Goascorán (El Salvador-Guatemala) to the río Bayano, Panamá, on the Pacific. The species  P. gillii sensu Alda et al. (2013) and Bagley et al. (2015), is restricted to their type locality (the río Chagres, Panama) and adjacent waters between the río Parismina, Costa Rica, and the río Playón Chico, Panama (Bagley et al. 2015). Morphological, and more inclusive molecular, studies are necessary to clarify this situation and to properly diagnose both species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E878FF89FF792AD8FC8D37B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87FFF89FF792FEFFB9B325A.text	038C8788E87FFF89FF792FEFFB9B325A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilia mexicana Steindachner 1863	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Poecilia mexicana Steindachner 1863 . Shortfin Molly, Mexican Molly; Olomina, Alumina, Bobita, Panzona, Bubucha, Pepesca </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 3118-002 (2), 3122-001 (23), 3124-001 (2), 3126-002 (10), 3129-002 (8), 3132-001 (8) and 3134- 002 (1). Distribution: North and Central America; from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER and PN (Pacific); 0–711 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Bussing (1998: 222, in part; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 93; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Poeser (2011: 418; identification key and information on distribution and taxonomy), van den Berghe (2015: 34, as  Gambusia nicaraguensis —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Álvarez et al. (2021: e3303; brief description, including an identification key and an illustration, and information on distribution) and Angulo (2021: 56; listed, including information on distribution). Remarks: This species is listed here according to the morphological definition of Bussing (1998). Relatively recent molecular studies (e.g., Alda et al. 2013, Bagley et al. 2015, Palacios et al. (2016), however, yield contradictory results regarding the systematics and distributions of this species complex, evidencing the need for integrative work that seeks to resolve such inconsistencies. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87FFF89FF792FEFFB9B325A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87FFF89FF792A4BFBC233CF.text	038C8788E87FFF89FF792A4BFBC233CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilia orri Fowler 1943	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Poecilia orri Fowler 1943 . Mangrove Molly; Olomina, Alumina, Bobita, Panzona, Bubucha, Pepesca </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from southeastern Mexico to northern Nicaragua, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI and WK (Atlantic); 2–22 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Poeser (2011: 418; identification key and information on distribution and taxonomy), Alda et al. (2013: 1011; molecular delimitation, taxonomy and information on distribution, including a map), Bagley et al. (2015: 1; molecular delimitation, taxonomy and information on distribution, including a map) and Palacios et al. (2016: 232; phylogenetic position and information on distribution, including a map). Remarks: This species is listed here according to the molecular definition of Palacios et al. (2016); samples and vouchers are provided by such authors. Morphological studies are necessary to provide a proper diagnosis to the species and to corroborate its occurrence in Nicaraguan waters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87FFF89FF792A4BFBC233CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87EFF88FF792C88FAC53665.text	038C8788E87EFF88FF792C88FAC53665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilia salvatoris Regan 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Poecilia salvatoris Regan 1907 . Liberty Molly; Olomina, Alumina, Bobita, Panzona, Bubucha, Pepesca </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Central America; from eastern Guatemala to western Panama, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ch, Ne, ER and PN (Pacific); 0–319 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Poeser (2011: 418; identification key and information on distribution and taxonomy), Alda et al. (2013: 1011; molecular delimitation, taxonomy and information on distribution, including a map), Bagley et al. (2015: 1; molecular delimitation, taxonomy and information on distribution, including a map), Palacios et al. (2016: 232; phylogenetic position and information on distribution, including a map) and Álvarez et al. (2021: e3303; brief description, including an identification key and an illustration, and information on distribution). Remarks: This species is listed here according to the molecular definition of Palacios et al. (2016); samples and vouchers are provided by such authors. Morphological studies are necessary to provide a proper diagnosis to the species and to corroborate its occurrence in Nicaraguan waters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87EFF88FF792C88FAC53665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87EFF88FF792E58FBB63105.text	038C8788E87EFF88FF792E58FBB63105.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes 1846	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Poecilia cf. sphenops Valenciennes 1846 . Black Molly; Olomina, Alumina, Bobita, Panzona, Bubucha, Pepesca </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0182-004 (213), 0183-002 (70), 0184-009 (140), 0265-011 (3), 0266-006 (20) and 0464-001 (2); FMNH 5929 (231), 5930 (13), 5931 (89), 5932 (19), 5933 (26), 5934 (27) and 52267 (3). Distribution: North and Central America; from central and southern Mexico to Nicaragua, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER and PN (Pacific); 0–350 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 113; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Fowler (1923: 29; listed, including information on distribution), Astorqui (1975: 107, as  Mollinesia sphenops —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 134; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 103, as  M. sphenops —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Poeser (2011: 418; identification key and information on distribution and taxonomy), Alda et al. (2013: 1011; molecular delimitation, taxonomy and information on distribution, including a map), Bagley et al. (2015: 1; molecular delimitation, taxonomy and information on distribution, including a map), Palacios et al. (2016: 232; phylogenetic position and information on distribution, including a map) and Álvarez et al. (2021: e3303; brief description, including an identification key and an illustration, and information on distribution). Remarks: This species is listed here according to the morphological definition of Meek (1907), Astorqui (1975), Villa (1982) and Poeser (2011).  Poecilia sphenops ,  sensu stricto , is distributed from southern Mexico to eastern El Salvador and Honduras (Palacios et al. 2016, Matamoros 2019), reaching the north and central regions of Nicaragua (Bagley et al. 2015), up to the Pacific Nicaragua (PN) and Escondido (Es) River Basins. Moreover, based on molecular data, Bagley et al. (2015) and Palacios et al. (2016) listed  Poecilia sp. “Tipitapa”, an “undescribed species” from Nicaragua, as part of the “  Poecilia sphenops species complex”. Morphological and more inclusive molecular studies are necessary to clarify this situation and to properly diagnose all taxa involved. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87EFF88FF792E58FBB63105	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87EFF88FF7929B8FC37330D.text	038C8788E87EFF88FF7929B8FC37330D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poeciliopsis gracilis (Heckel 1848)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Poeciliopsis gracilis (Heckel 1848) . Porthole Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Guatopote Jarocho </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0265-008 (135), 0273-005 (3), 0466-007 (11), 0467-004 (5) and 0473-004 (6); other collections: KU 18698 (1). Distribution: North and Central America; from southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Co (Atlantic), Ne, ER and PN (Pacific); 2–678 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 112; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 135; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Ward et al. (2022: 1; phylogenetic position, species delimitation and revalidation, including information on distribution, with a map). Remarks: Ward et al. (2022), based on molecular data, restricted  P. gracilis to México.  Poeciliopsis gracilis and  P. pleurospilus are morphologically and ecologically similar species which have had a widely debated taxonomic history and geographic distribution. Detailed taxonomic studies, based mainly on morphological data, are necessary in order to supporting or discarding this hypothesis and to rename or not the material identified as  P. gracilis collected outside of Mexico. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87EFF88FF7929B8FC37330D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87DFF8BFF792C88FADD35D1.text	038C8788E87DFF8BFF792C88FADD35D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poeciliopsis pleurospilus (Gunther 1866)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Poeciliopsis pleurospilus (Günther 1866) . Largespot Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Guatopote Manchote </p>
            <p>Vouchers: LSUMZ 17149 (2). Distribution: North and Central America; from southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ch (Pacific); 279–319 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 103; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Álvarez et al. (2021: e3303; brief description, including an identification key and an illustration, and information on distribution) and Ward et al. (2022: 1; phylogenetic position, species delimitation and revalidation, including information on distribution, with a map).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87DFF8BFF792C88FADD35D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87DFF8BFF792DC4FB773745.text	038C8788E87DFF8BFF792DC4FB773745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poeciliopsis turrubarensis (Meek 1912)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Poeciliopsis turrubarensis (Meek 1912) . Barred Livebearer, Turrubares Toothcarp; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Olomina de Turrubares </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0482-001 (9) and 0485-002 (15); other collections: CAS 78783 (8), KU 18699 (1), TU 202734 (10) and UMMZ 198788 (1). Distribution: North and South America: from central Mexico to southwestern Colombia, Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–120 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 228; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2548; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Álvarez et al. (2021: e3303; brief description, including an identification key and an illustration, and information on distribution) and Angulo (2021: 57; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87DFF8BFF792DC4FB773745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87DFF8BFF792F78FACD3049.text	038C8788E87DFF8BFF792F78FACD3049.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Priapichthys annectens (Regan 1907)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Priapichthys annectens (Regan 1907) (Fig. 9H). Orange Fin Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 1062-007 (3) and 3225-005 (2). Distribution: Central America; from northern Costa Rica to (probably) western Panama, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 25–630 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable.</p>
            <p>Literature: Bussing (1998: 230; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 57; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87DFF8BFF792F78FACD3049	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87DFF8BFF79287CFCC83129.text	038C8788E87DFF8BFF79287CFCC83129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Priapichthys panamensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1916)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Priapichthys panamensis (Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1916) . Panamanian Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Olomina Panameña </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections)   IBUNAM 13841 (1).  Distribution :  Central America ; from  northern Costa Rica to  central Panama ,  Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–80 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend stable. Literature: Bussing (1998: 232; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 57; listed, including information on distribution)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87DFF8BFF79287CFCC83129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87DFF8BFF79299CFB693209.text	038C8788E87DFF8BFF79299CFB693209.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoxiphophorus anzuetoi (Rosen & Bailey 1979)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudoxiphophorus anzuetoi (Rosen &amp; Bailey 1979) . Anzueto’s Killifish; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Olomina de Anzueto </p>
            <p>Vouchers: LSUMZ 15415 (2). Distribution: Central America; from central and eastern Guatemala to northern Nicaragua, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) Co, UI and WK (Atlantic); 3–28 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Agorreta et al. (2013: 80; phylogenetic position and biogeography, with information on distribution, including a map) and Álvarez et al. (2021: e3303; brief description, including an identification key and an illustration, and information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87DFF8BFF79299CFB693209	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87DFF8AFF792ABCFD1F34A9.text	038C8788E87DFF8AFF792ABCFD1F34A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xenophallus umbratilis (Meek 1912)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Xenophallus umbratilis (Meek 1912) . Umbrela Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca, Olomina Sombrilla </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0024-003 (22), 0062-003 (12), 0538-005 (1), 0539-008 (1), 0540-003 (3), 0543-004 (5), 0548-001 (1), 1003-004 (6), 1004-004 (10), 1050-002 (22), 1051-012 (107), 1052-013 (21), 1054-015 (13), 1055-008 (1) and 1057-007 (3); other collections: TU 202733 (8). Distribution: Central America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; (Nicaragua) To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–350 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; VU B1ab(iii) (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Astorqui (1975: 110; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 131; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 210, as  Neoheterandria umbratilis —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 57; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87DFF8AFF792ABCFD1F34A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87CFF8AFF792D1DFDEF3665.text	038C8788E87CFF8AFF792D1DFDEF3665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anablepidae Bonaparte 1831	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Anablepidae Bonaparte 1831 (Fig. 4H). Four-Eyed Fishes, Four Eyes, White-Eyes, One-Sided Livebearers; Cuatro Ojos, Ojos Blancos </p>
            <p> Description: Body elongate; up to 32 cm in length; predorsal profile straight; head depressed at front; mouth protractile; eye horizontally divided (in  Anableps ), raised above top of head; fins without spines; pectoral fin low on side; pelvic fins on the abdomen, distinctly behind tip of pectoral fin; dorsal fin short, with 7–10 rays, far back on body, well behind the anal fin (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Freshwater and brackish, rarely coastal marine; southern Mexico to southern South America (Nelson et al. 2016). Two genera and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87CFF8AFF792D1DFDEF3665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87CFF8AFF792E58FC6D37D9.text	038C8788E87CFF8AFF792E58FC6D37D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anableps dowii Gill 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anableps dowii Gill 1861 (Fig. 9I). Pacific Foureyed Fish; Cuatro Ojos </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0485-001 (3); other collections: CAS 38460 (2), KU 18686 (1) 18687 (1), 18688 (1) and 18689 (1). Distribution: Central America; from southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua, Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) Ch, Ne, ER and PN (Pacific); 0–319 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 146, as  Anableps dowi —misspelled; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 104, as  Anableps dowei —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2581, as  Anableps dowei —misspelled; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Álvarez et al. (2021: e3303; brief description, including an identification key and an illustration, and information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87CFF8AFF792E58FC6D37D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87CFF8AFF79299DFB6A3209.text	038C8788E87CFF8AFF79299DFB6A3209.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonidae Bonaparte 1835	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Belonidae Bonaparte 1835 (Fig. 4I). Needlefishes, Houndfishes; Agujas, Agujones, Maraos </p>
            <p>Description: Body slender; up to 150 cm (even 200 cm) in length, usually less than 100 cm; both upper and lower jaws extend into long beaks with numerous needle-like teeth; mouth opening large; scales small (usually 130–350 in lateral line and easily detached); dorsal- and anal-fin origins usually behind mid-body; dorsal-fin rays usually 11–26, up to 43; anal-fin rays 12–39; no isolated finlets behind the dorsal and anal fins (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine and freshwater; Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, tropical to warm temperate waters (Nelson et al. 2016). Three genera and five species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87CFF8AFF79299DFB6A3209	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87CFF8AFF792FCCFC363095.text	038C8788E87CFF8AFF792FCCFC363095.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxyzygonectes dovii (Gunther 1866)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Oxyzygonectes dovii (Günther 1866) . White Eyes; Ojos Blancos </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0272-005 (2). Distribution: Central America; from northern Nicaragua to western Panama, Pacific drainages; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–15 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 143; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing 1998: 166; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 923; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 58; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87CFF8AFF792FCCFC363095	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E87CFF8AFF792ABCFEA033C5.text	038C8788E87CFF8AFF792ABCFEA033C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platybelone argalus (Lesueur 1821)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Platybelone argalus (Lesueur 1821) . Keeltail Needlefish; Aguja, Agujón de Quilla </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas; with the Western Atlantic Ocean subspecies  P. argalus argulus ranging from Virginia, USA, to Suriname; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend stable. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 40, as  Platybelone argalis — misspelled; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3313; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E87CFF8AFF792ABCFEA033C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E803FFF5FF792941FB613251.text	038C8788E803FFF5FF792941FB613251.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiramphidae Gill 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Hemiramphidae Gill 1859 (Fig. 4J). Halfbeaks; Saltadores, Agujetas, Medio Picos </p>
            <p>Description: Body slender; up to 40 cm in length; lower jaw extends into a long beak; upper jaw much shorter than lower with the premaxillae pointed anteriorly giving it a triangular shape; lateral line low on the sides of body; pectoral fins high on sides, variable in length; pelvic fins under rear of abdomen; caudal fin usually forked or concave (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, rarely freshwater; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E803FFF5FF792941FB613251	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E803FFF5FF792A44FAE83331.text	038C8788E803FFF5FF792A44FAE83331.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1846)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes 1846) . Slender halfbeak; Pez aguja, Agujeta larga </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from the southwestern Gulf of Mexico to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Es (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: González-Alemán (2006: 77; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3326; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 58; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E803FFF5FF792A44FAE83331	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E803FFF4FF792B64FDEB353D.text	038C8788E803FFF4FF792B64FDEB353D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani 1841) (Fig. 9K). Atlantic Silverstripe Halfbeak, Common Halfbeak; Pajarito Blanco del Atlántico, Agujeta Lanca </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0363-002 (23). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from the Chesapeak Bay, USA, to southern Brazil, excluding Bermuda; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP, BF and IM (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 40; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3328; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E803FFF4FF792B64FDEB353D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E803FFF5FF792C88FCAB35D1.text	038C8788E803FFF5FF792C88FCAB35D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylura exilis (Girard 1854)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Strongylura exilis (Girard 1854) . California Needlefish, Pike Needlefish; Agujón Bravo, Agujón Californiano, Marao de California </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from San Francisco, USA, to northern Chile, including the Revillagigedo, Cocos and Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 844; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Froese &amp; Pauly (2023; listed, including information on identification, distribution and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E803FFF5FF792C88FCAB35D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E803FFF5FF792DC4FBD836B1.text	038C8788E803FFF5FF792DC4FBD836B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylura marina (Walbaum 1792)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Strongylura marina (Walbaum 1792) . Atlantic Needlefish; Agujón Verde </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Massachussets, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, KP, Es, BF and To (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3314; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo (2021: 58; listed, including information on distribution) and Froese &amp; Pauly (2023; listed, including information on identification, distribution and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E803FFF5FF792DC4FBD836B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E803FFF5FF792EE4FDE93791.text	038C8788E803FFF5FF792EE4FDE93791.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylura timucu (Walbaum 1792)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Strongylura timucu (Walbaum 1792) . Timucu Needlefish; Agujón Timucú, El Timucú </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0363-004 (4); LSUMZ 15313 (4); other collections: IBUNAM 13658 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Florida USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and To (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3316; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 58; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E803FFF5FF792EE4FDE93791	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E803FFF5FF792804FC86314D.text	038C8788E803FFF5FF792804FC86314D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylosurus crocodilus (Peron & Lesueur 1821)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron &amp; Lesueur 1821) (Fig. 9J). Hound Needlefish, Houndfish Needlefish, Houndfish; Aguja, Marao Lisero, Agujón Lisero </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Circumtropical, with an Indo-Pacific and Atlantic subspecies, the latter from North Carolina, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 41; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3318; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E803FFF5FF792804FC86314D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E802FFF4FF792F5CFAB5306D.text	038C8788E802FFF4FF792F5CFAB5306D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaenomugil proboscideus (Gunther 1861)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaenomugil proboscideus (Günther 1861) . Snouted Mullet; Lisa Hocicona </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California and the Gulf of California, Mexico, to central Peru, including all oceanic islands except Malpelo; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 787; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E802FFF4FF792F5CFAB5306D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E802FFF4FF792820FE883331.text	038C8788E802FFF4FF792820FE883331.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dajaus monticola (Bancroft 1834) (Fig. 9L).   Mountain Mullet; Tepemechín, Mechín, Machín, Lisa,  Lisa de Río , Lisa de Montaña, Sabalete Montañero </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0052-001 (14), 0184-006 (19), 0457-010 (3), 0461-009 (5), 1065-006 (29) and 1066-005 (8); other collections: CUMV 64680 (1), MCZ 30724 (1), 30585 (1), UF 106607 (1), 106610 (1) and UMMZ 199648 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans; from North Carolina, USA, to Venezuela, including the West Indies, in the western Atlantic, and from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including the Galapagos and Cocos islands, in the Eastern Pacific; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–405 masl; Per, Dia, Cat. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable.</p>
            <p> Literature: Villa (1982: 207, as  Agonostomus monticola —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 106, as  A. monticola —synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 384, as  A. monticola —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 83, as  A. monticola —synonym; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 141, 249, as  A. monticola —synonym; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 785, as  A. monticola —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 37, as  A. monticola —synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4696, as  A. monticola —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 59; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E802FFF4FF792820FE883331	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E802FFF7FF792B64FCAF3589.text	038C8788E802FFF7FF792B64FCAF3589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Joturus pichardi Poey 1860	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Joturus pichardi 
Poey 1860 (Fig, 9M). Bobo Mullet; Bobo, Cuyamel, Boca Chica, Lisa de Montaña,  Lisa de Río , Sabalete Montañero </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) CAS 6262 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Tamaulipas, Mexico, Bahamas and the Greater Antilles to Colombia; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa and SJ (Atlantic); 0–600 masl; Per, Dia, Cat. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend decreasing. Literature: Villa (1982: 209; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 390; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 147; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 37; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3861; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 59; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E802FFF7FF792B64FCAF3589	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E802FFF4FF792DC5FD7C3769.text	038C8788E802FFF4FF792DC5FD7C3769.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mugilidae Jarocki 1822	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Mugilidae Jarocki 1822 (Fig. 4K). Mullets; Lisas, Machines, Bobos </p>
            <p>Description: Body moderately elongate, robust; up to 120 cm in length, usually less than 90 cm; head often broad and flattened above; mouth small, opening at the front or under the snout, lips relatively thin; eyes partly covered by a transparent fatty eyelid; pectoral fins high on body; lateral line absent or very faint; pectoral girdle associated with three extrascapular bones; pelvic fins subabdominal, with one spine and five branched soft rays; two dorsal fins, widely separated, the first one with four spines, the second one with 8–10 rays; anal fin with two or three spines and 7–11 soft rays; caudal fin concave or weakly forked (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Coastal marine and brackish water, some freshwater; all tropical and temperate seas (Nelson et al. 2016). Four genera and eight species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E802FFF4FF792DC5FD7C3769	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E801FFF7FF792E3CFB1B37FD.text	038C8788E801FFF7FF792E3CFB1B37FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 . Flathead Grey Mullet, Grey Mullet, Striped Mullet; Liza, Lisa Común, Lisa Pardete, Lisa Rayada </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; genetic analyses indicate that this comprises at least 14, mainly allopatric, species (Robertson &amp; Van Tassell 2015, Neves et al. 2020); (Nicaragua) KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 208; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 46; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 791; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 59; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E801FFF7FF792E3CFB1B37FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E801FFF7FF792FB0FCAF314D.text	038C8788E801FFF7FF792FB0FCAF314D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 . White Mullet; Liza, Lisa Blanca, Lisa Criolla </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0363-012 (2); LSUMZ 15357 (1). Distribution: Atlantic Ocean; from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Argentina, in the western Atlantic, and from the Senegal River outlet to Namibia, in the eastern Atlantic; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) UI, Pr, KP, Es, BF, IM and To (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p> Literature: Fowler (1923: 29; listed, including information on distribution), Villa (1982: 208; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 792; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 40, as  Antherinomorus stipes (Müller &amp; Troschel 1848) —misidentification; 46: as  Mugil cephalis —misspelled; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 59; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E801FFF7FF792FB0FCAF314D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E801FFF7FF792940FD59322D.text	038C8788E801FFF7FF792940FD59322D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mugil liza Valenciennes 1836 . Lebranche Mullet, Liza Mullet, Liza; Liza, Lebrancho </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   Not available.  Distribution :  Western Atlantic Ocean ; from  Florida , USA, and Bermuda to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2019), population trend unknown  . </p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 208; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3865; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E801FFF7FF792940FD59322D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E801FFF7FF792A67FAE83386.text	038C8788E801FFF7FF792A67FAE83386.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 . Liseta Mullet; Liza, Lisa Liseta </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR0270-006(3); other collections:UF112869(1), 112870(1),113058 (1)and 141725(1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including the Revillagigedo and Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Ch, Ne, ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–319 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 208, as  Mugil curema , in part—misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 105, as  M. curema , in part—misidentification; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp;Allen (2015: 795; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Britzke et al. (2019: 396; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 59; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E801FFF7FF792A67FAE83386	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E800FFF6FF792A29FAAC3355.text	038C8788E800FFF6FF792A29FAAC3355.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactyloscopidae Gill 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Dactyloscopidae Gill 1859 (Fig. 4M). Sand Stargazers; Miraestrellas de Arena </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, tapered; up to 15 cm; head usually broad and deep, with protruding, eyes on top, often stalked; mouth upturned, with a protruding lower jaw; mouth often bordered above and/or below by a fringe of skin flaps; operculum with a fringe of skin flaps; pelvic fins with one spine and three soft rays, jugular; dorsal fin long, continuous or divided, with 7–23 spines and 12–36 soft rays; anal fin with 21–41 soft rays (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (rarely brackish or freshwater); warm temperate to tropical waters in North and South America (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E800FFF6FF792A29FAAC3355	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E800FFF1FF792B48FB203561.text	038C8788E800FFF1FF792B48FB203561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactyloscopus amnis Miller & Briggs 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dactyloscopus amnis Miller &amp; Briggs 1962 . Estuarine Sand-Stargazer, Riverine Stargazer; Miraestrellas de Arena Estuarina, Miraestrellas Ribereña </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Mexico to eastern Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 214; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1376; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 60; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E800FFF1FF792B48FB203561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E800FFF6FF792E3DFDBC3769.text	038C8788E800FFF6FF792E3DFDBC3769.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobiesocidae Bleeker 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Gobiesocidae Bleeker 1859 (Fig. 4L). Clingfishes; Chupapiedras, Chalacos, Cucharitas </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate, flattened; up to 30 cm in length; head, wide, flattened; mouth opens at front; eyes on upper side of head; scales absent; pelvic fins with 4 rays, joined to form the rim of a papilla-covered sucking disc in front of the belly, last ray also joins the pectoral fins; a single dorsal fin (without spines), at rear of body; anal fin like dorsal fin and under it (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, primarily shallow water or intertidal, few in freshwater; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E800FFF6FF792E3DFDBC3769	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E800FFF6FF792F5CFAE83001.text	038C8788E800FFF6FF792F5CFAE83001.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobiesox cephalus Lacepede 1800	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gobiesox cephalus Lacepède 1800 (Fig. 9N). Caribbean Riverine Clingfish, Smooth Clingfish; Chupapiedras, Chupapiedra Liso, Chupapiedra de Río del Caribe, Guarasapo </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from northern Guatemala and Cuba to eastern Venezuela; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr, GM, KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–125 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 247, as  Gobiesox nudus (Linnaeus 1758) —missidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4779; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 60; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E800FFF6FF792F5CFAE83001	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E800FFF6FF7928B4FB2031E1.text	038C8788E800FFF6FF7928B4FB2031E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gobiesox potamius Briggs 1955	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gobiesox potamius Briggs 1955 . Pacific Riverine Clingfish, Smooth Clingfish; Chupapiedras, Chupapiedra Liso, Chupapiedra de Río del Pacífico, Guarasapo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from El Salvador to eastern Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–32 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 249; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 60; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E800FFF6FF7928B4FB2031E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E800FFF6FF792C88FC8635F5.text	038C8788E800FFF6FF792C88FC8635F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mugil trichodon Poey 1875	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mugil trichodon Poey 1875 . Fantail Mullet; Liza, Lisa Amarilla, Lisa de Abanico </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Florida, USA, and Bermuda to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown.</p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 208; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3866; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E800FFF6FF792C88FC8635F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E807FFF1FF792DA9FDFD368D.text	038C8788E807FFF1FF792DA9FDFD368D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanidae Gill 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Lutjanidae Gill 1861 (Fig. 4N). Snappers, Jobfishes, Rabirrubias; Pargos </p>
            <p>Description: Body ovate to elongate, usually robust or slightly compressed; up to 170 cm in length; mouth terminal, moderate to large; most with enlarged canine teeth on jaws, small teeth on palatines and usually on vomer; maxilla slips beneath preorbital when mouth closed; supramaxilla absent; no enlarged pores on chin; snout, below eye and lower jaw scale-less; preoperculum serrated; pelvic fins inserted just behind pectoral fin base; dorsal fin continuous or with a shallow notch, with 9–12 spines and 9–18 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 7–11 soft rays; caudal fin truncate to deeply forked (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (rarely in estuaries and freshwaters); tropical and subtropical, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and eight species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E807FFF1FF792DA9FDFD368D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E807FFF1FF792F00FE913025.text	038C8788E807FFF1FF792F00FE913025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum 1792)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum 1792) . Schoolmaster Snapper; Pargo Canchix </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New England, USA, to Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK, KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2016), population trend decreasing. Literature: Villa (1982: 171; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 45, as  Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters 1869) — misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3684; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E807FFF1FF792F00FE913025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E807FFF1FF792898FC3631BD.text	038C8788E807FFF1FF792898FC3631BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters 1869)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters 1869) (Fig. 9O). Yellow Snapper, Amarillo Snapper; Pargo Amarillo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California to Peru, including the Revillagigedos, Cocos, Malpelo and Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 171; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 278; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1315; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 62; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E807FFF1FF792898FC3631BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E807FFF1FF7929F0FB203379.text	038C8788E807FFF1FF7929F0FB203379.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanus colorado Jordan & Gilbert 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lutjanus colorado Jordan &amp; Gilbert 1882 . Colorado Snapper; Pargo Colorado, Pargo Achotillo, Pargo Rojo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) UF 106617 (1), 106637 (1), 106647 (1) and 106957 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California, USA, to northern Peru, including the cocos and Malpelo islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 171; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1316; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 62; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E807FFF1FF7929F0FB203379	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E807FFF0FF792B2CFC8634A9.text	038C8788E807FFF0FF792B2CFC8634A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanus cyanopterus (Cuvier 1828)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lutjanus cyanopterus (Cuvier 1828) . Cubera Snapper; Pargo Cubera </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   Not available.  Distribution :  Western Atlantic Ocean ; from  Nova Scotia , Canada, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; VU A2bd (2016), population trend decreasing  . </p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 171; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3687; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E807FFF0FF792B2CFC8634A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E806FFF3FF792B48FE793519.text	038C8788E806FFF3FF792B48FE793519.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapterus brevirostris (Sauvage 1879)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diapterus brevirostris (Sauvage 1879) . Peruvian Mojarra, Short-Snout Mojarra; Palmito Aleta Amarilla, Mojarra, Comearena, Palmito </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0483-002 (8); FMNH 5839 (1); other collections: UF 140151 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California Sur, Mexico, to central Peru, including the Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia,Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 177, as  Diapterus peruvianus (Cuvier 1830) —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1329; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 63; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E806FFF3FF792B48FE793519	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E806FFF0FF792A0DFC9F3355.text	038C8788E806FFF0FF792A0DFC9F3355.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerreidae Bleeker 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Gerreidae Bleeker 1859 (Fig. 5A). Mojarras; Mojarras, Palmitas, Comearenas </p>
            <p>Description: Body moderately deep to somewhat slender, compressed; up to 50 cm in length; lower profile of head distinctively concave; mouth highly extensible, pointing downward when protruded; jaws apparently toothless, but with tiny, brush-like teeth; no teeth on roof of the mouth; scales usually cycloid and often partially deciduous; dorsal fin with 9 or 10 spines and 9–17 soft rays; dorsal and anal fins fold into a high scaly sheath along their bases; caudal fin deeply forked (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (occasionally brackish and rarely in freshwaters); Circumglobally in tropical to temperate areas (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Four genera and fourteen species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E806FFF0FF792A0DFC9F3355	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E806FFF0FF792D1CFE883641.text	038C8788E806FFF0FF792D1CFE883641.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus 1758) . Grey Snapper; Pargo Mulato, Pargo Prieto </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   Not available.  Distribution :  Western Atlantic Ocean ; from  Massachusetts , USA, and Bermuda to Venezuela; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2016), population trend unknown  . </p>
            <p>Literature: Villa (1982: 172; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 79; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3688; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 62; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E806FFF0FF792D1CFE883641	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E806FFF0FF792E74FD1F37FD.text	038C8788E806FFF0FF792E74FD1F37FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner 1869)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner 1869) . Spotted Rose Snapper; Pargo Mancha, Pargo Lunarejo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0052-007 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from northern Baja California, Mexico, to Peru, including the Cocos and Malpelo islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 171; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1317; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 62; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E806FFF0FF792E74FD1F37FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E806FFF0FF792FB0FAF130DD.text	038C8788E806FFF0FF792FB0FAF130DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Schneider 1801)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lutjanus jocu (Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801) . Dog Snapper; Pargo Caballera, Pargo Jocú </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New England, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2016), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 171; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3689; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), and Angulo (2021: 63; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E806FFF0FF792FB0FAF130DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E806FFF0FF7928D0FD1F3199.text	038C8788E806FFF0FF7928D0FD1F3199.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutjanus novemfasciatus Gill 1862	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lutjanus novemfasciatus Gill 1862 . Pacific Dog Snapper; Pargo Dientón, Pargo Negro, Pargo Prieto </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California, USA, to northern Peru, including the Cocos, Malpelo and Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) ER, PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–18 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 171; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1320; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), and Angulo (2021: 63; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E806FFF0FF7928D0FD1F3199	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E805FFF3FF792A7DFCAF33C3.text	038C8788E805FFF3FF792A7DFCAF33C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier 1829)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier 1829) . Caitipa Mojarra, Rhombic Mojarra; Mojarra de Estero, Patao, Mojarra, Comearena, Palmito </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0363-007 (73). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Luisiana, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and BF (Atlantic); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 177; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 43, as  Eugerres brevianus (Günther 1864) —misspelled and misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3702; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 64; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E805FFF3FF792A7DFCAF33C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E804FFF2FF792C88FB1B35D1.text	038C8788E804FFF2FF792C88FB1B35D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucinostomus argenteus Baird & Girard 1855	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eucinostomus argenteus Baird &amp; Girard 1855 .Silver Mojarra, Spotfin Mojarra; Mojarra Plateada, Sargo, Comearena, Palmito </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0363-009 (151). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend stable. Literature: Villa (1982: 178; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3703; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 64; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E804FFF2FF792C88FB1B35D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E804FFF2FF792DC4FC363769.text	038C8788E804FFF2FF792DC4FC363769.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucinostomus currani Zahuranec 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eucinostomus currani Zahuranec 1980 (Fig. 10A). Flag-Fin Mojarra, Pacific Flagfin Mojarra, Spot-Fin Mojarra; Palmito Bandera, Mojarra Tricolor </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) UF 106606 (1) and 128046 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from California, USA, to northen Peru, including the Cocos and Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Bussing (1998: 286; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1331; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 64; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E804FFF2FF792DC4FC363769	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E804FFF2FF792F5CFE793001.text	038C8788E804FFF2FF792F5CFE793001.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucinostomus gracilis (Gill 1862)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eucinostomus gracilis (Gill 1862) . Graceful Mojarra, Slender Mojarra; Mojarra Plateada, Sargo, Comearena, Palmito </p>
            <p>Vouchers: FMNH 5838 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from Anaheim Bay, southern California, USA, to Peru, including the Galapagos islands;entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 178; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1334; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 64; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E804FFF2FF792F5CFE793001	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E804FFF2FF7928B4FE1A31E1.text	038C8788E804FFF2FF7928B4FE1A31E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucinostomus gula (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eucinostomus gula (Quoy &amp; Gaimard 1824) . Silver Jenny, Silver Jenny Mojarra; Mojarra de Ley, Mojarrita Española </p>
            <p>Vouchers: LSUMZ 15359 (7). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to Río de La Plata, Argentina; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3704; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E804FFF2FF7928B4FE1A31E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E804FFF2FF7929D4FDEB32C1.text	038C8788E804FFF2FF7929D4FDEB32C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucinostomus jonesii (Gunther 1879)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eucinostomus jonesii (Günther 1879) . Slender Mojarra; Mojarrita Esbelta, Mojarra Flaca </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Florida, USA, to central Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and Es (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 178; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3707; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E804FFF2FF7929D4FDEB32C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E804FFFDFF792AF4FE793561.text	038C8788E804FFFDFF792AF4FE793561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucinostomus melanopterus (Bleeker 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eucinostomus melanopterus (Bleeker 1863) . Flagfin Mojarra; Mojarra Bandera, Mojarrita de Ley, Comearena, Palmito </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0363-021 (4). Distribution: Atlantic Ocean; from Bermuda and Florida, USA, to Brazil, in the western Atlantic, and from Senegal to Angola and Mauritania, in the eastern Atlantic; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP and BF (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 178; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 43, as  Eucinostomus currani Zahuranec 1980 —misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3709; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 64; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E804FFFDFF792AF4FE793561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80BFFFDFF792D54FCAF36F9.text	038C8788E80BFFFDFF792D54FCAF36F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eugerres brevimanus (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eugerres brevimanus (Günther 1864) . Shortfin Mojarra; Palmito Aleta Corta, Mojarra, Comearena, Palometa </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from central Mexico to northen Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–22 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 176, as  Diapterus brevimanus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 282; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1337; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 64; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80BFFFDFF792D54FCAF36F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80BFFFDFF792EACFC1B37D9.text	038C8788E80BFFFDFF792EACFC1B37D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eugerres lineatus (Humboldt 1821)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eugerres lineatus (Humboldt 1821) . Streaked Mojarra; Mojarra Cahuacha, Mojarra China </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from Baja California Sur, Mexico, to Ecuador; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 176, as  Diapterus lineatus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1338; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80BFFFDFF792EACFC1B37D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80BFFFDFF792FCCFE793199.text	038C8788E80BFFFDFF792FCCFE793199.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eugerres plumieri (Cuvier 1830)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eugerres plumieri (Cuvier 1830) (Fig. 10B). Striped Mojarra; Mojarra Rayada, Patao Rayado, Comearena, Palmito, Palometa </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0363-008 (11) and 1081-001 (1); LSUMZ 15309 (5), 15326 (5), 15345 (9), 15358 (7) and 15422 (1); other collections: KU 22702 (1) and UF 233935 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from South Carolina, USA, to northern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, UI, WK, Pr, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend stable. Literature: Fowler (1923: 29, as  Gerres plumieri — synonym; listed, including information on distribution), Villa (1982: 176, as  Diapterus plumieri —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 70; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 133; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 42; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3711; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 65; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80BFFFDFF792FCCFE793199	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80BFFFDFF792A0CFE883379.text	038C8788E80BFFFDFF792A0CFE883379.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerres cinereus (Walbaum 1792)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gerres cinereus (Walbaum 1792) . Atlantic Yellowfin Mojarra; Mojarra Trompetera, Comearena, Palmito </p>
            <p>Vouchers: LSUMZ 15367 (4). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Bermuda, Bahamas and Florida, USA, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) WK (Atlantic); 0–6 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4455; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 65; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80BFFFDFF792A0CFE883379	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80BFFFCFF792B2CFE8834A9.text	038C8788E80BFFFCFF792B2CFE8834A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerres simillimus Regan 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gerres simillimus Regan 1907 . Pacific Yellowfin Mojarra; Palmito Blanco, Palmito Rayado, Mojarra, Comearena </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including the Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2007), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp;Allen (2015: 1340; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 65; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80BFFFCFF792B2CFE8834A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80AFFFCFF792FCCFB1B3095.text	038C8788E80AFFFCFF792FCCFB1B3095.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) . Barred Grunt; Ronco Canario </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Eastern Florida, USA, to Argentina; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr and BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Fowler (1923: 29; listed, including information on distribution), van den Berghe (2015: 44, as  Pomadasys bayanus Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898—misidentification; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3714; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 65; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80AFFFCFF792FCCFB1B3095	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80AFFFCFF792D1CFAE83641.text	038C8788E80AFFFCFF792D1CFAE83641.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapterus auratus Ranzani 1842	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diapterus auratus Ranzani 1842 . Irish Mojarra, Irish Pompano; Patao Común, Mojarra Guacha, Mojarra, Comearena, Palmito </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP, Es and BF (Atlantic); 0–4 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 177, as  Diapterus evermanni Meek &amp; Hildebrand 1925 and  Diapterus olisthostomus (Goode &amp; Bean 1882) — synonyms; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3701; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 63; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80AFFFCFF792D1CFAE83641	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80AFFFCFF792E75FE6437D9.text	038C8788E80AFFFCFF792E75FE6437D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemulidae Gill 1885	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Haemulidae Gill 1885 (Fig. 5B). Grunts, Porkfishes, Salemas; Roncadores, Burros, Salemas, Tenientes, Corocoros, Roncos, Viejas, Corcovados </p>
            <p>Description: Body oblong, compressed; up to 75 cm in length; mouth relatively small, usually with thick lips; teeth on jaws usually cardiform, generally absent on vomer; a pair of conspicuous pores plus (in almost all genera) a central groove under the chin; scales rough, over entire body and head, except in the front of the snout, lips and chin; dorsal fin continuous, with 9–14 spines and 11–26 soft rays; anal fin with three spines and 6–18 soft rays; caudal fin concave to forked (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (many in brackish water, rarely in freshwaters); Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). Four genera and six species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80AFFFCFF792E75FE6437D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80AFFFCFF792908FE793251.text	038C8788E80AFFFCFF792908FE793251.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemulopsis leuciscus (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Haemulopsis leuciscus (Günther 1864) . Raucous Grunt; Ronco Chinilla, Ronco Ruco </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from northern Baja California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 182, as  Pomadasys leuciscus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1365; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 65; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80AFFFCFF792908FE793251	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E80AFFFCFF792A44FE7933E9.text	038C8788E80AFFFCFF792A44FE7933E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhencus macracanthus (Gunther 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhencus macracanthus (Günther 1864) . Longspine Grunt; Corocoro Coche, Ronco Espina Larga, Roncacho Gordo </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California, Mexico, to Ecuador; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–8 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982:182, as  Pomadasys macracanthus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1384; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 66; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E80AFFFCFF792A44FE7933E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E809FFFFFF792C88FC8635F5.text	038C8788E809FFFFFF792C88FC8635F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhencus panamensis (Steindachner 1875)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhencus panamensis (Steindachner 1875) . Highfin Grunt, Panama Grunt; Ronco Blanco, Ronco Jupón, Vieja Jupona, Corocoro Mapache </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   FMNH 5832 (2).  Distribution :  Eastern Pacific Ocean ; from  southern Baja California Sur ,  Mexico , to southern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1385, as  Pomadasys panamensis —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E809FFFFFF792C88FC8635F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E809FFFFFF792DA8FCAF3745.text	038C8788E809FFFFFF792DA8FCAF3745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhonciscus bayanus (Jordan & Evermann 1898)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhonciscus bayanus (Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898). Purplemouth Grunt, Pacific Freshwater Grunt; Roncador, Corocoro Boquimorado, Ronco Liso, Roncador de Río del Pacífico </p>
            <p> Vouchers: (other collections) UF 234049 (1), 234050 (1) and 234051 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–21 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 181, as  Pomadasys bayanus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 289, as  P. bayanus —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 1381, as  P. bayanus —synonym; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 66; listed, including information on distribution). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E809FFFFFF792DA8FCAF3745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E809FFFFFF792F78FB6132E5.text	038C8788E809FFFFFF792F78FB6132E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhonciscus crocro (Cuvier 1830)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhonciscus crocro (Cuvier 1830) (Fig. 10C). Burro Grunt, Atlantic Freshwater Grunt; Roncador, Corocoro Crocro, Ticopa, Roncador de Río del Atlántico </p>
            <p> Vouchers: UCR 0542-010 (1), 1060-001 (1) and 1069-001 (1); FMNH 5939 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Co, BF, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 116, as  Pomadasis grandis Meek 1907 —misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 181, as  Pomadasys crocro —synonym and  P. grandis —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 291, as  P. crocro —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 75, as  P. crocro —synonym; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 125, as  P. crocro —synonym; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 43, as  P. crocro —synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3734, as  P. crocro — synonym; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 66; listed, including information on distribution). Remarks:  Pomadasis grandis [correct spelling of genus is  Pomadasys ] was proposed as synonym of  Rhonciscus bayanus (from the Eastern Pacific) by Parenti (2019) on the basis of the following characters: dorsal fin elements XIII, 12; anal fin elements III,7; lateral line scales 58; eye diameter 4.96 in head length; body elongated, its depth 3.47 in SL; and body colour olivaceus. Such characters, however, also are shared with the species  Rhonciscus crocro (from the Caribbean). The type of  P. grandis was collected in the Lake Nicaragua at Granada, Nicaragua, wich, throught the San Juan River, drains to the Caribbean Sea. Given this,  P. grandis would be considered a synonym of  R. crocro and not of  R. bayanus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E809FFFFFF792F78FB6132E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E809FFFEFF792AD9FDEF3561.text	038C8788E809FFFEFF792AD9FDEF3561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciaenidae Cuvier 1829	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Sciaenidae Cuvier 1829 (Fig. 5C). Croakers, Drums, Stardrums, Kingcroakers, Corvinas, High-Hats, Weakfishes; Corvinas, Lambes, Cajeras, Corvinillas, Verrugatos, Cachemas, Pollas, Chinitas, Roncachos, Bombaches </p>
            <p>Description: Body elongate to oval, compressed; up to 200 cm in length; head short to medium sized, usually with bony ridges and large, cavernous sensory canals, which make the head spongy in some taxa; snout relatively blunt; conspicuous pores on the snout and chin; often a knob, barbell or patch of small barbels on the chin of some taxa; dorsal fin long, with a deep notch separating the spinous portion from the soft portion (rarely separate), anterior portion with 6–13 spines and posterior portion with one spine and usually 20–35 soft rays; anal fin with 1–2 spines (both are usually weak but the second may be large) and 6–13 soft rays; lateral-line scales extending to the end of caudal fin; caudal fin slightly emarginate to rounded (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine and brackish, rarely freshwater; Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). Two genera and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E809FFFEFF792AD9FDEF3561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E808FFFEFF792827FE913132.text	038C8788E808FFFEFF792827FE913132.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782) (Fig. 10E). Chabela, Paguara; Atlantic Spadefish </p>
            <p> Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Massachusetts, USA, and Bermuda to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend unknown. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 47, as  Chaedotiperius faber —misspelled; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 4240; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E808FFFEFF792827FE913132	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E808FFFEFF792F5DFB9A306D.text	038C8788E808FFFEFF792F5DFB9A306D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephippidae Bleeker 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Ephippidae Bleeker 1859 (Fig. 5D). Spadefishes; Curacas, Catecismos, Pagualas, Polleras, Jambos </p>
            <p>Description: Body deep, ovate and compressed; usually up to 70 cm in length; head short; mouth small, opens at front; jaws withbands of brush-like teeth; no teeth on roof of mouth; preopercle finely serrated; dorsal fin continuous, with 5 or 9 spines and 18–40 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 15–28 soft rays (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine (rarely in brackish water, very rare in freshwater); Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E808FFFEFF792F5DFB9A306D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E808FFFEFF792A83FE9133AA.text	038C8788E808FFFEFF792A83FE9133AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch 1790)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch 1790) (Fig. 10F). Atlantic Tripletail; Dormilona del Atlántico, Berrugate del Atlántico </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, South China Sea, Sea of Japan), except for eastern Pacific; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) BF (Atlantic); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2015), population trend stable. Literature: van den Berghe (2015: 47; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3700; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E808FFFEFF792A83FE9133AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E808FFFEFF792963FB853212.text	038C8788E808FFFEFF792963FB853212.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lobotidae Gill 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Lobotidae Gill 1861 (Fig. 5E). Tripletails, Tigerperches; Berrugates, Dormilonas </p>
            <p>Description: Body oval to oblong, somewhat compress; up to 110 cm in length; upper jaw slightly protrusible; no teeth on roof of mouth; preopercle strongly serrated; operculum with 2 flat, hidden spines; dorsal fin with 12 spines and 15 or 16 soft rays; anal fin with three spines and eleven rays; caudal fin rounded; lobes of the anal and second dorsal fins rounded, giving fish the appearance of having three tails (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016).</p>
            <p>Distribution: Marine, brackish, and freshwater; circumglobal, tropical to subtropical waters (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E808FFFEFF792963FB853212	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E808FFFEFF792D54FB1B3665.text	038C8788E808FFFEFF792D54FB1B3665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest 1823)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest 1823) (Fig. 10D). Whitemouth Croaker; Corvinón Rayado </p>
            <p> Vouchers:   UCR 0363-010 (31).  Distribution :  Western Atlantic Ocean ; from  central Mexico and Cuba to northern Argentina; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) KP (Atlantic); 0–3 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2021), population trend decreasing. Literature: Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3739; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 67; listed, including information on distribution)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E808FFFEFF792D54FB1B3665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E808FFFEFF792E58FB8B3769.text	038C8788E808FFFEFF792E58FB8B3769.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan 1889)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan 1889). Rake Stardrum; Burrito Bocón, Corvinilla Rastra </p>
            <p>Vouchers: Not available. Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Nicaragua to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown. Literature: Fowler (1923: 29; brief description, including information on distribution), Robertson &amp; Van Tassell (2019: 3818; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E808FFFEFF792E58FB8B3769	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E813FFE5FF792A71FDBC33D4.text	038C8788E813FFE5FF792A71FDBC33D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraodontidae Bonaparte 1831	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Tetraodontidae Bonaparte 1831 (Fig. 5F). Pufferfishes; Tamboriles, Botetes, Peces Globo, Cuches, Cuchisapos, Tamboretas, Tambuleros, Tamborines </p>
            <p>Description: Body heavy, thick, inflatable; up to 100 cm in length, but usually less than 30 cm; head large, blunt; eyes high on sides of head; jaws as a beak composed of 4 fused heavy powerful teeth with a central suture on each jaw; a slit-like gill opening in front of the pectoral fin base; dorsal and anal fins usually each with 7–18 soft rays; caudal fin with 10 principal rays and no procurrent rays, moderately forked to rounded (Robertson &amp; Allen 2015, Nelson et al. 2016). Distribution: Marine, with several taxa entering and occurring in brackish and freshwaters; tropical and subtropical portions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Nelson et al. 2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E813FFE5FF792A71FDBC33D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E812FFE4FF792C88FD1F35D1.text	038C8788E812FFE4FF792C88FD1F35D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns 1842)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns 1842) (Fig. 10G). Bullseye Puffer; Tamboril Anillado, Botete Diana </p>
            <p>Vouchers: (other collections) UF 107839 and 143036 (1). Distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern California to northern Peru, including the Galapagos islands; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) PN and Ni (Pacific); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2010), population trend unknown. Literature: Villa (1982: 244; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2433; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 61; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E812FFE4FF792C88FD1F35D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
038C8788E812FFE4FF792DCBFCAF3772.text	038C8788E812FFE4FF792DCBFCAF3772.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus 1758) . Checkered Puffer; Tamboríl Rayado, Botete Sapo </p>
            <p>Vouchers: UCR 0363-005 (4). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from New Jersey, USA, to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; (Nicaragua) Pr, KP and BF (Atlantic); 0–5 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; LC (2014), population trend unknown. Literature: Fowler (1923: 32; listed, including information on distribution), Villa (1982: 244; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson &amp; Allen (2015: 2437; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), van den Berghe (2015: 47; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 61; listed, including information on distribution).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C8788E812FFE4FF792DCBFCAF3772	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Angulo, Arturo;Betts, Joel T.;González-Alemán, Néstor J.;Castañeda, Edgar;Berghe, Eric Van Den;Elías, Diego J.;Mcmahan, Caleb D.;Matamoros, Wilfredo A.	Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2023): Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families. Zootaxa 5376 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351
