taxonID	type	description	language	source
29067A28FFB6996ADDF7F9C1FEBCA27D.taxon	discussion	The type species of Lyterius is Rhynchaenus musculus Fabricius, 1802, by original designation. Illiger (1805) synonymised its name with Curculio abdominalis Weber, 1801, an act overlooked by Schönherr (1844) and subsequent cataloguers. Boheman (in Schönherr 1844) speculated that the two names might refer to the male and female of the same species but confused the names in his discussion. All known specimens had been taken by Daldorff in Sumatra during the voyage from Denmark to his newly assigned workplace in Friedrichsnagor (today’s Serampore), India. He first spent substantial time in the Cape region of South Africa and in Madagascar (Kordes 1804) and subsequently explored the surrounding of Bengkulu (Heyne 1814), a trading post of the British East India Company and likely type locality of Daldorff’s Sumatran specimens, as surmised by Reid & Beatson (2015) and Hämäläinen (2016). Two long-standing issues need attention, one concerning date priority and the other the ownership and later fate of the specimens described by Weber (1801). Because five people worked simultaneously on Daldorff’s Sumatran beetles and described about 160 nominal species in quick succession, we provide in Table 1 an overview of the early, pre- 1810 publications, along with their temporal order and the original repositories of the material. We accept arguments in WTaxa (2020) and the sources cited therein that the second volume of Systema eleutheratorum (Fabricius 1802) was issued later than the first (Fabricius 1801) and that the year on the title page is probably incorrect. Regardless of the year, the date priority of Weber’s descriptions is beyond doubt, because Weber (1801) is cited multiple times in both volumes. Lee & Beenen (2015) and Reid & Beatson (2015) followed Horn & Kahle (1937) and assumed that Friedrich Weber (1781 – 1823) described Daldorff’s Sumatran specimens from the collection of his mentor Fabricius in his Observationes entomologicae (Weber 1801). This interpretation cannot be upheld, because Weber (1801) noted on page vii that he had received most insects from Daldorff, with the owners of all others credited in their respective descriptions (Maximam horum insectorum partem e Sumatra misit coniunctissimus Daldorfius, nonnulla ab aliis adeptus sum amicis, quorum nomina gratissimo animo aeque ac insectarum patriam, si nota fuit, semper adieci.). Weber owned his insect collection at least until 1803, when he exchanged duplicate specimens with Swedish entomologists, such as Sven Ingemar Ljungh (1757 – 1828) (Weber & Mohr 1804). The subsequent literature contains speculations but no actual clues about the whereabouts of Weber’s collection. This is remarkable because Weber and fellow entomologist Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann (1770 – 1840) resided in Kiel from 1805 and Carl Johan Schönherr (1772 – 1848) began his comprehensive review of existing synonyms in Coleoptera around the same time. Interestingly, Boheman (in Schönherr 1844) stated that he obtained a syntype of C. abdominalis from the Royal Danish Collection. Even though Weber probably met Niels Tønder Lund (1749 – 1809) and Ove Ramel Sehested (1757 – 1839) in 1803 during his studies in Copenhagen and may have exchanged specimens with them, we found no evidence in the CGMZB and the ZMUK database that he donated his collection to any of the other original recipients of insects collected by Daldorff in Sumatra, namely Fabricius, Lund, Sehested or Johann Christian Ludwig Hellwig (1743 – 1831). For instance, approximately half of the nineteen Sumatran Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea named by Weber remained unrecognised in each of these collections. Those that were recognised are comparatively distinctive and had been interpreted early on, for example by Illiger (1801 b, 1805). A few additional subsequent interpretations in the MfNB collection apply to specimens collected by Bernt Wilhelm Westermann (1781 – 1868) in Pulau Pinang and by Engelhard Georg Ludwig Krebs (1792 – 1844) in South Africa, not to specimens of the Weber Collection. Although the exact circumstances remain unknown, we consider Weber’s insect collection to be lost, although a few specimens may survive in other collections. CGMZB record # 52136 states that Hellwig received his two Lyterius specimens from Daldorff. They obviously were not part of Lund’s 1803 donation (Muggelberg 1975), specimens of which are generally listed with Lund as donor (for example # 36710, # 37472, # 37619). The other two known specimens are in the combined Lund-Sehested Collection (ZMUK). Without doubt they are syntypes of Rh. musculus, but the original owner is no longer ascertainable except that it was either Lund or Sehested but not Fabricius. Fabricius (1802) did not record the repository of Rh. musculus in the description, thereby leaving the impression that he was the owner. No other specimens could be located, and therefore Daldorff’s original series may have consisted of just these four plus Weber’s specimen (s). Originally, they were pinned in Fabricius-fashion through the left elytron (one between pronotum and elytron) and later remounted on thin pins (Hellwig Collection) or points (Lund-Sehested Collection). For the sake of nomenclatural stability, we here designate the female syntype of Rh. musculus (Fig. 2) in the ZMUK as lectotype for Rh. musculus and as neotype for C. abdominalis. Affixed to the pin are a small green square and a printed type label. This is the specimen treated in Schönherr (1844) under L. musculus, the type species of Lyterius. The male paralectotype of Rh. musculus (Fig. 1) in the ZMUK has an additional label “ Sumatra / Daldorff / Mus. S. & T. L. / Rhynchaenus / musculus / Fabr. ” and is the specimen treated under L. abdominalis in Schönherr (1844). This neotype designation makes Rh. musculus an objective junior synonym of C. abdominalis and provides maximum nomenclatural stability. The two historical specimens preserved in the MfNB (Fig. 6, labels of male) have no type status.	en	Prena, Jens, Hsiao, Yun, Oberprieler, Rolf G. (2023): New combinations and synonymies in the weevil genus Lyterius Schönherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with a conspectus of historical works on Daldorff’s Sumatran beetles. Zootaxa 5380 (1): 26-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.1.2, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5380.1.2/52356
29067A28FFB3996DDDF7FA87FAB8A7E8.taxon	description	The genus name was made available in a combined description as “ Barisoma pandanicola Nietn. Motsch. (Centrinus?) ” (Motschulsky 1863). It is a senior homonym of Barisoma Faust, 1888. Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (1999) suppressed the alternative original spelling Barysoma Faust (which would have had date priority over Barysoma Cox, 1965) and replaced the accepted original spelling Barisoma Faust with the new name Hollisiella Alonzo-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999. Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (1999) recorded Barisoma Motschulsky as occurring in China and Sri Lanka, but the China record probably is a confusion with Barisoma Faust, although one species of Barisoma Motschulsky indeed occurs in Hainan, presently the northern-most record of the genus (Prena, unpublished data; Fig. 9). Johannes Werner Theodor Nietner (1828 – 1874), a Prussian gardener who emigrated to Sri Lanka at age 23, collected the type series of Barisoma pandanicola from Pandanus leaves in the vicinity of his coffee plantation in the Pudul-Aya (Pundal Oya) River valley. Nietner (1859) wrote that he had sent his small beetles to Motschulsky and the rest to other European entomologists and museums. This date coincides with an acquisition recorded in the CGMZB. The only specimens of B. pandanicola known to us are housed in ZMMU. Photographs of them (Fig. 5) provided by V. Savitsky show that B. pandanicola is a species of Lyterius. The western occurrence of the genus and its association with Pandanus (Pandanaceae) are supported by another unidentified species occurring in the Western Ghats moist deciduous forests of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India (specimens in CMNC, NHMUK, USNM).	en	Prena, Jens, Hsiao, Yun, Oberprieler, Rolf G. (2023): New combinations and synonymies in the weevil genus Lyterius Schönherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with a conspectus of historical works on Daldorff’s Sumatran beetles. Zootaxa 5380 (1): 26-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.1.2, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5380.1.2/52356
29067A28FFB0996EDDF7FF5EFF41A539.taxon	discussion	The type species of Plaxes is P. impar, by monotypy. The collecting data of the type specimens given in the description are “ Sarawak, Doria; Sungei Bulu (Sumatra), Beccari ”. Pascoe (1885) stated in the introduction that the specimens were sent to him by Giacomo Doria (1840 – 1913) and Raffaello Gestro (1845 – 1936) from the Museo Civico in Genoa. We located ten specimens of the original series in five museum collections (ANIC 1, MfNB 1, MSNG 5, NHMUK 2, SNSD 1). Pascoe seems to have retained one pair from Sumatra and one male from Sarawak (all in NHMUK) and replaced the original labels with blue lentiform discs stating the origin (Fig. 8), but the female from Sumatra was later donated to Elwood C. Zimmerman (1912 – 2004) and, following his death, bequeathed to the ANIC. The MSNG has one male and two females from Sumatra and one pair from Sarawak, all with the pink printed locality label shown in Fig. 7. The MfNB has one female from Sarawak with the same printed locality label, and the SNSD has one female from Sumatra with Faust’s handwritten label “ Sumatra / Doria ”. The latter two stood unidentified in the unsorted material. The MfNB specimen is not recorded in the CGMZB, but Sarawak material obtained from Doria had been recorded as early as 1873 (CGMZB # 57011 – 57027). All six specimens of P. impar from Sumatra, collected by Odoardo Beccari (1843 – 1920), are conspecific with L. abdominalis, but the four from Sarawak are a different species. The original description of P. impar pertains to both included species (corpus infra piceum vel testaceum). Pascoe labelled his retained Sarawak male as the type of P. impar (Fig. 8), and so did Doria with the Sarawak male returned to him (Fig. 7; note Pascoe’s original label). These designations are unpublished and therefore invalid, and the species name thus lacks a single, name-bearing type. We consequently here designate a lectotype for Plaxes impar. Because the pair of syntypes in the MSNG has labels with more detailed information than the two in the NHMUK, we select as lectotype the male (Fig. 3) with the following label data: “ Borneo / Sarawak / 1865 - 66. / Coll. G. Doria ”, [handwritten by Pascoe] “ Plaxes / impar / ♂ ”, “ 174 ”, [handwrittEn by Doria?] “ PlaxEs / impar Pasc. / typus! ”, “ SYNTYPUS / PlaxEs / impar ”, “ MusEo Civico / di Genova ”, “ LECTOTYPE / Plaxes impar / Prena et al. des. 2023 ” and “ Lyterius / impar / Prena det. 2023 ” (Fig. 7). The other four returned specimens have the same syntype label but no original identification. We speculate that Doria and Beccari collected the four Sarawak specimens of the type series of P. impar during the first leg of their 1865 – 1868 expedition to Borneo, either in the surroundings of Kuching or en route to the Lupar estuary, before Doria fell ill and returned to Italy in March 1866 (Viciani et al. 2021). The six Sumatran specimens of the type series of P. impar (ANIC 1, MSNG 3, NHMUK 1, SNSD 1), representing L. abdominalis, were collected by Beccari in September 1878 (MSNG, label data) at Sungei Bulu (“ Bamboo River ”), probably in the vicinity of Mount Singgalang in Padang, Western Sumatra. Faust (1896) identified a female of the L. abdominalis series as P. impar and described Plaxes dispar Faust, 1896. Plaxes impar (as fixed herein) and P. dispar are exceedingly similar to each other, and more material is needed to ascertain whether the difference in the mesotibiae of the males signifies the existence of two distinct species or merely infraspecific variation, as occurs in another series from Sarawak (Fig. 14).	en	Prena, Jens, Hsiao, Yun, Oberprieler, Rolf G. (2023): New combinations and synonymies in the weevil genus Lyterius Schönherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with a conspectus of historical works on Daldorff’s Sumatran beetles. Zootaxa 5380 (1): 26-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.1.2, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5380.1.2/52356
