identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
433CA50707851784B534ABA60FF2534B.text	433CA50707851784B534ABA60FF2534B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrosiothes Simon 1894	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chrosiothes Simon, 1894</p>
            <p>(Figs. 8A-C)</p>
            <p> Simon, 1894. Historie Naturelle des  Araignées , vol. 1, p. 521. Type species by original designation and monotypy:  C. silvaticus Simon , 1894, ibid. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Opisthosoma with a leaf-like and spotted color pattern on dorsum (Fig. 6 A, C). In other genera, there exists a pattern made by silver spots that form longitudinal bands (e.g.,  Thwaitesia ) (Figs. 9 D, 10 A), or spotting and points without a defined pattern (e.g.,  Episinus ) (Fig. 8D-F). The patella I-IV presents each an outer lateral tubercle conspicuous, while in all remaining spintharinae genera tubercles are inconspicuous (e.g.,  Stemmops ) (Figs. 9B-C). The cymbium of pedipalp is triangular in shape, while oval (other  Spintharinae ) or sickle-shaped (  Latrodectinae ). A sheet-like web shape is present in  Chrosiothes (Eberhard et al. 2008, figs. 8A-E; 9A-E), while the remaining genera have an irregular or  “H” -like web (Eberhard et al. 2008, fig. 10A-C). Levi (1954b; 1964b) and Levi and Levi (1962) report the presence of humps in the opisthosoma as a diagnostic character, however, we recognize that some species lack humps (Fig. 8A-B), therefore this character would not be useful to diagnose all  Chrosiothes species. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Mainly in tropical areas. Occurs almost exclusively in the New World but the distribution includes countries like China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan (Platnick 2013).</p>
            <p>
                 Material examined.  Chrosiothes chirica :   MEXICO,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.33083/lat 19.253334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.33083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.253334">[Parque Nacional] Desierto de los Leones</a>
                 , [19° 15' 12" N, 99° 19' 51" W], Distrito Federal, 23 April 1946, J. C. &amp; D. L. Pallister, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  .   U. S. A., Utah,  Hughes Canyon , 20 May 1934, H. W. Levi, 4 ♂ and 12 immature (AMNH)  ;  same data but 20 May 1934, Wilton Ivie, 8 ♂, 4 ♀ and 4 immature (AMNH) ;   Utah,  Hughes Canyon , 29 June 1935, H. W. Levi, 4 ♂, 2 ♀ (AMNH)  ;   same data but 29 June 1935, H. W. Levi, 1 ♂ y 6 immature (AMNH)  ;   Arizona,  White Mountains, 17 mi. NE Whiteriver , 8-10 July 1940, J. M. Gertsch, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  ;   Arizona,  Santa Rita Mountains, Madera Canyon , 16 July 1940, Getrsch &amp;  Hook , 1 ♀ (AMNH)  ;   Utah,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.71667/lat 40.666668)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.666668">Mill Creek Canyon 1 to 2 min up</a>
                 , 40° 40' N 111° 43' W, 21 August 1941, J. C. Chamberlin, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  ;   Arizona,  Rustlers Cam, Chiricahua Mountains , 1 June 1952, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch &amp; R. Schrammel, 1 ♂ (holotype) (AMNH)  ;  same data but 1 June 1952, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch &amp; R. Schrammel, 2 immature (AMNH) ;   Colorado,  Piedra, County of Archuleta , 21 July 1952, L. R. &amp; H. W. Levi, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  .  Chrosiothes portalensis :   MEXICO, Nayarit,  a 15 min. al N de Tepic , 25 July 1954, W. J. Gertsch, 1 ♂ (paratype) (MCZ)  ;   Jalisco,  
[Mpio. La Huerta, San Patricio], 
Estacion
de Biologia Chamela, [Km 59 Carretera federal 200, Barra de Navidad-Puerto Vallarta]
 , 12 July 1989, S. Guzman, 1 ♀ (CNAN)  ;  same data but 20 August 1989, S. Guzman, 1 ♀ (CNAN) .   U. S. A., Arizona,  County of Cochise, Chiricahua Mountains, S WRS, Cave Creck Canyon , August 1856, A. F. Archer, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  ;   Arizona,  Chiricahua Mountains, Rustler Camp , 09 October 1950, W. J. Gertsch, 14 immature (AMNH)  ;   Arizona,  County of Cochise, Southwestern Research Sta, 5 mi. of West of Portal , 5-15 August 1955, M. J. Gertsch, ♂ (holotype),  1 ♀ (paratype) (AMNH) ;  same data but 1 ♀ (paratype) (MCZ) .  Chrosiothes silvaticus :   ECUADOR,  Machala, Buenavista 20 km S.E. , 11 November 1942, Moore, E., 1 ♂ (MCZ- 83505)  .   COSTA RICA,  
San 
Jose
, San Antonio de Escazu
 , 1300 m., W. Eberhard, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83502)  ;   Provincia de Cartago,  [Town of] Turrialba , 23 July-15 August 1965, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83503)  .   GUATEMALA, [Department Alta Verapaz],  [Municipality] Coban , July 1947, C. &amp; P. Vaurie, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  .   PANAMA, Canal Zone,  
[Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , 23-30 June 1934, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83880)  ;   Canal Zone,  Isla Barro Colorado , 16 June-15 July 1934, A. M. Chickering, 3 ♀ (MCZ- 83881)  ;   Canal Zone, [  
Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , 25-28 June 1936, A. M. Chickering, 3 ♀, 1 immature (MCZ- 83890)  ;  same data but 7-9 July 1936, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83889) ;  Canal Zone, 28 July 1936, A. M. Chickering, 2 ♀ (MCZ- 83891);  El Valle , July 1936, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♂ (MCZ- 83509)  ;   
Barro Colorado Island, [Lago 
Gatun ], Canal Zone, 6-9 August 1936, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♂ (MCZ- 83884)  ;   
Barro Colorado Island, [Lago 
Gatun ], Canal Zone, 23-30 June 1939, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♂ (MCZ- 83894)  ;   Canal Zone, [  
Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , 28-31 July 1939, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83883)  ;   Canal Zone, [  
Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , June 1950, A. M. Chickering, 2 ♀ (MCZ- 83886)  ;  same data but June 1950, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83888) ;   [  
Barro Colorado Island, Lago 
Gatun ], Canal Zone,  Summit , 7-10 July 1950, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83882)  ;   Canal Zone,  Sumit , 16-17 August 1950, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♂ (MCZ- 83885)  ;   Canal Zone, [  
Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , August 1950, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀, (MCZ- 83893)  ;   Canal Zone,  
[Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , 22 July 1954, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83892)  ;   [Prov. Chiriqui],  [Town] Boquete , 4-11 August 1954, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀, (MCZ- 83508)  ;   Canal Zone, [  
Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , 21 August 1954, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83887)  .   Canal Zone, [  
Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , May 1964, A. M. Chickering, 3 ♀ (MCZ- 83895)  ;   
Barro Colorado Island, [Lago 
Gatun ], Canal Zone, 17-19 March 1967, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83507)  ;   [Canal Zone,  
Lago 
Gatun
], Barro Colorado Island
 , 21 June 1973, Y. Lubin, (MCZ- 83504)  ;   [  
Barro Colorado Island, Lago 
Gatun , Canal Zone], A. M. Chickering, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MCZ- 83896)  .   U. S. A., Florida,  County of Hernando, Brooksville , 25 February 1935, Barrows, 1 ♂ (holotype) (AMNH)  .  Chrosiothes tonala :   MEXICO, Jalisco, [  
Mpio. La Huerta, San Patricio], 
Estacion
de Biologia Chamela, [Km. 59 Carretera federal 200, Barra de Navidad-Puerto Vallarta
 ], September 1990, W. Eberhard, 2 ♀ (MCZ)  ;   Chiapas,  Tonala , August 1909, 1 ♂ (holotype),  1 ♀ (allotype) (AMNH) . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/433CA50707851784B534ABA60FF2534B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.;Rosas, MARÍA V.;Contreras-Ramos, Atilano	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V., Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2013): Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera. Zootaxa 3666: 171-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2, URL: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03666p193.pdf
6F99985DA6EC1043F5C1E597DF8E3699.text	6F99985DA6EC1043F5C1E597DF8E3699.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spintharinae	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the genera of  Spintharinae</p>
            <p>(Modified from Levi &amp; Levi 1962)</p>
            <p> 1. Opisthosoma straight in lateral view, with median or posterior humps (Fig. 8D-F)............................  Episinus</p>
            <p>- Opisthosoma inclined or vertical in lateral view, with humps on anterior, median or posterior position, on all three positions, or missing (Figs. 8A-C, 9A-D, 10A-D)......................................................................2</p>
            <p> 2. Eyes in dorsal view in two parallel rows (Saaristo 2006, figs. 45-47)........................................  Moneta</p>
            <p>- Eyes in dorsal view with a different arrangement (procurved or recurved) (Fig. 6A-D)...............................3</p>
            <p> 3. Posterior median eyes close to laterals (closer to laterals than with each other) (Fig. 6C, D) ...................  Stemmops</p>
            <p>- Posterior median eyes far from laterals (closer between each other than with respect to laterals) (Fig. 6A, B)............4</p>
            <p> 4. Opisthosoma higher than wide (in lateral view) (Levi &amp; Levi 1962, fig. 212)..............................  Thwaitesia</p>
            <p>- Opisthosoma longer than wide (in lateral view) .............................................................. 5</p>
            <p> 5. Carapace flat and almost circular in outline (in dorsal view) (Levi 1954b, figs. 46,47).......................  Spintharus</p>
            <p> - Carapace convex, sometimes highest in thoracic region, subtriangular in outline (in dorsal view) (Levi 1954a, figs. 10, 11, 19-25)........................................................................................  Chrosiothes</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F99985DA6EC1043F5C1E597DF8E3699	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.;Rosas, MARÍA V.;Contreras-Ramos, Atilano	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V., Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2013): Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera. Zootaxa 3666: 171-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2, URL: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03666p193.pdf
67B7E244DA9CC9D0B26A4D019DFCC326.text	67B7E244DA9CC9D0B26A4D019DFCC326.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spintharinae Hentz 1850	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Spintharinae Hentz, 1850</p>
            <p>(Figs. 8, 9, 10 A)</p>
            <p> The subfamily  Spintharinae is conformed by the genera  Chrosiothes Simon, 1894;  Episinus Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809;  Moneta O. P.-Cambridge, 1870;  Spintharus Hentz, 1850;  Thwaitesia O. P.-Cambridge, 1881 and  Stemmops O. P.-Cambridge, 1894. Unambiguous synapomorphies include (Agnarsson 2004): conductor huge and folded (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 46A-D; fig. 90F-G), cheliceral base thin (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 84 C), colulus small or replaced by two setae (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 70 A), tarsal comb bristles with dorsal margin notched (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 84 E), web modified (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 97 A), and outermost fiber of the egg sac loosely spun (Agnarsson 2004, fig. 88 C). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/67B7E244DA9CC9D0B26A4D019DFCC326	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.;Rosas, MARÍA V.;Contreras-Ramos, Atilano	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V., Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2013): Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera. Zootaxa 3666: 171-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2, URL: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03666p193.pdf
64E7E0DA9A5560300A7AB36C8258C8EB.text	64E7E0DA9A5560300A7AB36C8258C8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episinus Walckenaer, in Latreille 1809	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Episinus Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809</p>
            <p>(Fig. 8D-F)</p>
            <p>Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, vol. 4, p. 371. Type species by monotypy: E. truncates Latreille, 1809, ibid.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The opisthosoma is straight in relation to the location of the pedicel while in all other spintharine genera it is inclined. Also, the posterior portion of the opisthosoma is widest in dorsal view (Fig. 8D-E), while in the remaining genera the widest portion is anterior or in the middle. An  “H” -like architecture of the web is shared with  Thwaitesia and  Spintharus . Levi (1954a, 1964a) included the characters horns between the anterior eyes, eyes often on tubercles, and eyes with reddish pigment, as diagnostic characters, all of which we could not observe in the specimens examined. </p>
            <p> Distribution . Worldwide, mainly in warmer areas; relatively species rich in North, Central, and South America, poorly known from the Caribbean (Platnick 2013). </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined.  Episius amoenus :   MEXICO, Hidalgo,  10-20 miles south of Jacala , 20 July 1956, V. Roth &amp; W. Gertsch, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  .   U. S. A., North Carolina,  Buncombe County, Valley 2 1/ 2 mi S of Black Mt ., 2400 m, 23 June 1951, A. F. Archer, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  .  E. bruneoviridis :   PANAMA, C[anal] Zone,  Barro Colorado Island , 3-20 April 1953, A. M. Nadler, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  .  E. cognatus :   MEXICO, Jalisco,  Estacion
de Biologia Chamela
 , 7 August 1989, S. Guzman, 1 ♂ (CNAN)  ;  same data but 16 August 1989, S. Guzman, 1 ♂ (CNAN) ;  same data but 29 October 1989, S. Guzman, 1 ♂ (CNAN) ;  same data but 15 November 1990, S. Guzman, 2 ♂ (CNAN) ;  same data but 15 November 1990, S. Guzman, 2 ♂ (CNAN) ;  same data but 02 June 1998, J. L. Castelo, 2 ♀, 3 ♂ (CNAN) ;  same data but 02 September 1998, S. Guzman, 1 ♀ (CNAN) ;   Jalisco,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.08326/lat 19.50501)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.08326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.50501">
Mpio. La Huerta, 
Estacion
de Biologia Chamela, Sendero del 
Tejon</a>
                 , 19.50501° N, 105.08326° W, 3 October 2010, R. Paredes, G. Montiel-Parra, D. Barrales, G. Contreras, 1 ♀ (CNAN)  ;  same data but 4 October 2010, R. Paredes, G. Montiel-Parra, D. Barrales, G. Contreras, 1 ♀ [diurnal collecting] (CNAN) .  E. erythrophthalmus .   PANAMA, Canal Zone,  Forest Reserve , 4-6 July 1939, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/64E7E0DA9A5560300A7AB36C8258C8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.;Rosas, MARÍA V.;Contreras-Ramos, Atilano	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V., Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2013): Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera. Zootaxa 3666: 171-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2, URL: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03666p193.pdf
63C41DEB96B44D4BE949AA67B9D3A405.text	63C41DEB96B44D4BE949AA67B9D3A405.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Moneta O. Pickard-Cambridge 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Moneta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870</p>
            <p> O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 736. Type species by monotypy:  Moneta spiniger O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1870. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Moneta species may be recognized by having the eyes in dorsal view in two parallel rows (Saaristo 2006). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Mostly occur in Asia and Oceania (Platnick 2013).</p>
            <p>Material examined. None.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/63C41DEB96B44D4BE949AA67B9D3A405	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.;Rosas, MARÍA V.;Contreras-Ramos, Atilano	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V., Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2013): Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera. Zootaxa 3666: 171-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2, URL: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03666p193.pdf
837DC86683019577D96234C9E4D2AA21.text	837DC86683019577D96234C9E4D2AA21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spintharus Hentz 1850	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Spintharus Hentz, 1850</p>
            <p>(Fig. 9 A)</p>
            <p>Hentz, 1850. J. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 283. Type species by monotypy: S. ilavidusHentz, 1850, op. cit., p. 284, pl. 10, fig. 8.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The male palpus presents the cymbial hood in a hat-like shape (Fig. 7 C); while the other genera have a cymbial hood as a hook or half moon shape (Fig. 7A-B). The architecture of an  “H” -like web is shared with  Thwaitesia and  Episinus . Levi and Levi (1962, figs. 203, 204) comment that  Spintharus may be distinguished because of an opisthosoma longer than wide, widest anterior to middle. Studied specimens had an unpatterned, uniformly pale brown opisthosoma. </p>
            <p>Distribution. From the United States to Bolivia and Brazil, with one species found in Pakistan (Platnick 2013).</p>
            <p> Material examined.  Spintharus flavidus .   U. S. A., Tennessee,  Stony Point , 20 August 1939, R. V. Chamberlin, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  ;   (  no locality ) R. V. Chamberlin, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/837DC86683019577D96234C9E4D2AA21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.;Rosas, MARÍA V.;Contreras-Ramos, Atilano	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V., Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2013): Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera. Zootaxa 3666: 171-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2, URL: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03666p193.pdf
7FD564B6FB139F207FFF3C8B02EF41C9.text	7FD564B6FB139F207FFF3C8B02EF41C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stemmops O. P.-Cambridge 1894	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Stemmops O. P.-Cambridge, 1894</p>
            <p>(Fig. 9 B, C)</p>
            <p> O. P.-Cambridge, 1894. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Araneidea, vol. 1, p. 125. Type species by monotypy:  S. bicolor O. P.- Cambridge , 1894, ibid., pl. 17, fig. 5. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Species of  Stemmops present the posterior median eyes closer to the lateral eyes (Levi 1955) than between themselves (Fig. 6 C, D). In all other spintharines their posterior median eyes are far from the lateral eyes. A sclerotized ring around the spinnerets is exclusive of this genus (Aganarsson 2004, figs. 63 B, 74 A). </p>
            <p> Distribution . Mostly occur in warm parts of America, from U. S. A. to Brazil. Two species are found in China, Japan and Korea (Levi 1964b; Yaginuma 1969; Platnick 2013). </p>
            <p> Material examined.  Stemmops bicolor .   U. S. A., Georgia,  north of Sylvania , 15 April 1943, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  .  Stemmops orsus :   PANAMA, [Province of Chiriqui], [  Town] Boquete , 18 August 1950, A. M. Chickering, 1 ♀ (paratype) (AMNH)  .  Stemmops ornata .   U. S. A., Ohio,  Cantwell Cliffs near Rockbridge , 39° 37 N, 82° 33' W, 08 August 1935, W. M. Barrows &amp; W. Ivie, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7FD564B6FB139F207FFF3C8B02EF41C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.;Rosas, MARÍA V.;Contreras-Ramos, Atilano	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V., Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2013): Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera. Zootaxa 3666: 171-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2, URL: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03666p193.pdf
5E284F152B166FF0F77A31DCEC0FAC65.text	5E284F152B166FF0F77A31DCEC0FAC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thwaitesia O. P.-Cambridge 1881	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Thwaitesia O. P.-Cambridge, 1881</p>
            <p>(Figs. 9 D, 10 A)</p>
            <p> O. P.-Cambridge, 1881. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 766. Type species by monotypy:  T. margaritifera O. P.-Cambridge , 1881, op. cit., p. 767, pl. 66, fig. 1. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The posterior median eyes have a distance between them about an eye diameter. Other spintharine genera present the posterior median eyes separated for less than an eye diameter or twice or more an eye diameter. Dorsally the opisthosoma presents a pigmentation pattern conformed by silver spots that become longitudinal bands (Figs. 9 D, 10 A). In the rest of genera, pigmentation forms a leaf-like pattern, just spotting, or points with no pattern defined. The male pedipalp cavity is sclerotized, only in this genus, observed dorsally in cleared specimens (Fig. 7 D). An  “H” -like web architecture is shared with  Episinus and  Spintharus . Levi and Levi (1962) comment that  Thwaitesia is close to  Spintharus and  Episinus and that some species are probably intermediate between them. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Caribbean, Central America, South America; probably worldwide in the tropics (Platnick 2013).</p>
            <p> Material examined.  Thwaitesia affinis :   BRAZIL,  [Municipality Rio de Janeiro], [Town] Petropolis , April 1946, 850 m, H. Sick, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  .   PANAMA, Canal zone,  Summit , October 1946, N. L. H. Krauss, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  ;   Summit C[anal] Z[one], November 1946, N. L. H. Krauss, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  .   CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA,  Rupununi River, near mountains Makavapan , 5 October 1937, W. G. Hassler, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  .  Thwaitesia bracteata :   BRAZIL, [Rio de Janeiro],  
[City] 
Sumare , January 1946, 200- 300 m, H. Sick, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  ;   Rio de Janeiro,  [Municipality] Paineiras , 22 January 1959, A. M. Nadler, 5 ♀, 1 ♂ (AMNH)  .   COLOMBIA, [Department] Amazonas,  [City] Leticia , February 1956, J. N. Layne, 1 ♀ (AMNH)  .   PARAGUAY,  Jaguarazaga, Alto Parana , 7 ♀, 2 ♂ (AMNH- 3721)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E284F152B166FF0F77A31DCEC0FAC65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G.;Rosas, MARÍA V.;Contreras-Ramos, Atilano	Durán-Barrón, CÉSAR G., Rosas, MARÍA V., Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2013): Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera. Zootaxa 3666: 171-193, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.2, URL: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03666p193.pdf
