identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E46477FF8A6B0CFF04F9FB7CF5F888.text	03E46477FF8A6B0CFF04F9FB7CF5F888.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoconops Skuse 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Leptoconops Skuse, 1889</p>
            <p> Leptoconops Skuse, 1889: 288 . Type species:  Leptoconops stygius Skuse , by monotypy. </p>
            <p> Tersesthes Townsend, 1893: 370 . Type species:  Tersesthes torrens Townsend , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Mycterotypus Noè, 1905: 114 . Type species:  Mycterotypus bezzii Noè , designation by Carter, 1921: 3. </p>
            <p> Protersesthes Kieffer, 1921: 107 . Type species:  Tersesthes brasiliensis Lutz , by original designation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E46477FF8A6B0CFF04F9FB7CF5F888	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santarém, Maria Clara Alves;Cremer, Marta Jussara;Vieira, Jenyffer Vierheller;Lemos, Giulia Gaglianone;Pecor, David B.;Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza	Santarém, Maria Clara Alves, Cremer, Marta Jussara, Vieira, Jenyffer Vierheller, Lemos, Giulia Gaglianone, Pecor, David B., Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza (2023): Redescription of Leptoconops (Leptoconops) brasiliensis (Lutz) and Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with its first Brazilian record. Zootaxa 5380 (2): 173-183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.2.5, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5380.2.5/52386
03E46477FF8A6B09FF04F8FA7CCFFC8E.text	03E46477FF8A6B09FF04F8FA7CCFFC8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoconops (Leptoconops) brasiliensis (Lutz 1913)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptoconops (Leptoconops) brasiliensis (Lutz)</p>
            <p>(Figures 1–2)</p>
            <p> Tersesthes brasiliensis : Lutz, 1913: 66 (female; Brazil); Gezuelo and Franca-Rodríguez, 1972 (Uruguay record). </p>
            <p> Leptoconops brasiliensis : Lane, 1945: 358 (new comb.; type redescr.) </p>
            <p> Leptoconops (Leptoconops) brasiliensis Cavalieri &amp; Chiossone, 1966: 56 (in key to American species); Ronderos &amp; Spinelli, 1992: 43 (in key to Neotropical species); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2000: 9 (in Catalog; distrib.); Trindade &amp; Gorayeb, 2005: 66 (Pará State — Brazil); Spinelli et al., 2005: 148 (Argentina record); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2007: 44 (in Neotropical catalog); Pessoa et al., 2012: 138 (Acre State, Brazil); Farias et al., 2015: 3 (Amazonas State, Brazil); Borkent &amp; Dominiak, 2020: 38 (in World Catalog); Spinelli et al, 2022: 489 (in key to Neotropical species); Santarém &amp; Felippe-Bauer, 2023: 48 (Brazilian biting midges Catalog; distribution); Spinelli et al., 2023: 8 (Argentina record removed). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The only species of  Leptoconops (Leptoconops) on Neotropical region with the following combination of characters: frons with a pair of mesal setae; 3 rd palpal segment slightly longer than 4 th; costa extending to 0.45–0.52 of total wing length, longitudinal veins reaching wing margin; two ovoid spermathecae. Male unknown. </p>
            <p>Redescription. Female. Head. Dark brown. Eyes (Fig. 1A) bare, separated by a distance equal to 0.33–0.38 (0.35, n=3) of total head width, separation approximately to diameter of ten ommatidial facets; vertex with long setae, frons with a pair of mesal setae (Fig.1A), clypeus usually bare or with two setae. Antenna (Fig. 1B) with pale scape, pedicel and flagellum dark brown with 12 flagellomeres, lengths of flagellomeres in proportion of 35-20-20- 20-20-20-20-20-20-23-23-75 μm; last flagellomere 2.54–3.77 (3.24, n=4) longer than broad; AR 0.74–0.87 (0.80, n=5). Palpus (Fig. 1C) dark brown, lengths of segments in proportion of 40 (I+II)-53-42 μm; 3 rd segment elongated with broad, shallow, irregular sensory pit extending for most of its length; PR 2.0–3.43 (2.76, n=4). Mandible with 13 small teeth, P/H ratio 0.58–0.62 (0.60, n=2).</p>
            <p>Thorax. Dark brown; scutellum not visible in slide mounted specimens. Legs (Fig. 2C) uniformly dark brown; basitarsi and tarsomeres 2 paler (Fig. 2D); hind tibial comb (Fig. 2E) with 4 spines (n=4), the first near the spur smaller, delicate and hyaline; first to fourth from the spur measuring 22.5–27.5 (25, n=2), 30–47.5 (40.5, n=5), 37.5–45 (39.5, n=5), 27.5–37.5 (32, n=5) μm. Tarsi (Fig. 2D) with strong ventral spines; a pair of apical spines on tarsomeres 1–3; tarsomeres 4 can present one apical spine; tarsal claws (Fig. 2F) short, slightly curved, 0.40 (n=3) as long as 5 th tarsomeres, with basal bristly hairs (Fig. 2F). Wing (Figs. 2A–B) membrane infuscated, microtrichia abundant, stigma pale brown; longitudinal veins reaching wing margin; wing length 0.69–0.83 (0.77, n=5) mm, width 0.33–0.40 (0.37, n=5) mm; costa extending to 0.45–0.52 (0.48, n=5) of total wing length. Halter pale.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Brown. Genital lamellae (Fig. 2G) brown, long, narrow, about 5x longer than broad, 3x longer than sternite 9. Sternite 8 (Fig. 2I) with two-three pair of long hairs. Spermathecae (Fig. 2H) two, ovoid, subequal, measuring 30.0–42.5 (36.2, n=4) by 25.0–32.5 (28.7, n=4) μm and 32.5–45 (36.2, n=4) μm by 27.5–30.0 (28.7, n=2) μm; sclerotized necks short with 5 (n=3) μm.</p>
            <p>Male. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Material examined. Type series,   3 females, slide mounted, labeled “  Tersethes brasiliensis Lutz (1913) ,  Rio Tocantins , Pará, BRASIL, 1912 [Astrogildo Machado col.].” (CCER # T335 /1.3 - T335 /3.3)  ;   1 female, slide mounted, labeled “  Uruaçú , Goiás, BRASIL, 13.III.2000 ” (CCER#3833)  ;  1 female same data except 14.III.2000 (CCER#3834) ;  1 female same data except 17.IV.2000 (CCER#3835) (NEW RECORD) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Goiás) and Uruguay.</p>
            <p> Taxonomic discussion.  Leptoconops (L.) brasiliensis is a typical member of the  Leptoconops subgenus by the frons with a pair of setae, claws with a basal bristle, tarsi with strong ventral spines and female genital lamellae long. From the seven Neotropical species, it is similar to  L. (L.) casali Cavalieri &amp; Chiossone by the antennal flagellomeres shape, the aspect of the palpal sensory pit, the costa reaching 0.40–0.50 from total wing length and the ovoid spermathecae. These species can be easily distinguished from each other by the smaller wing length (1.24 in  L. (L.) casali ), the palpus with segment 3 only slightly longer than 4 (1.5x longer in  L. (L.) casali ) and longitudinal veins extending to the wing margin (obsolete in  L. (L.) casali ). Ronderos &amp; Spinelli (1992) and Spinelli et al. (2022) consider in their key that  L. (L.) brasiliensis has bare frons; however, we observe that the specimens present a pair of medial setae in the frons (Fig. 1A). In addition, these authors cited the flagellomere 12 of female antenna 4–5 times longer than broad, but herein we observe this relation much smaller. In this case, we have seen that the antenna position after slide montage and the conservation state of the material is very important and can influence this relation. Considering this, we suggest not using this measurement to separate and define species from this subgenus. </p>
            <p> In 2005, Trindade &amp; Gorayeb corrected the record of the type locality for the state of Pará and collected this species in the estuarine coastal zone and on the coast of this same state. Pessoa et al. (2012) found it on the river margin in the state of Acre. Farias et al. (2015) collected in the Amazonas State, near small farms, but there is no data describing if it was collected in upland or lowland environments. Spinelli et al. (2005) have reported  L. (L.) brasiliensis from Argentina, but recently Spinelli et al. (2023) recognized the specimen is  L. (L.) casali and removed the record. We report this species for the first time in the Brazilian State of Goiás, in Uruaçú municipality, which is in the Cerrado biome.This region includes one of the largest artificial lakes associated with a hydroelectric plant in Brazil. Thus, we can observe that  L. (L.) brasiliensis occurs in areas with high humidity, even if they are not coastal areas, as it was previously reported. It is the only species from this subgenus found in Brazil. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E46477FF8A6B09FF04F8FA7CCFFC8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santarém, Maria Clara Alves;Cremer, Marta Jussara;Vieira, Jenyffer Vierheller;Lemos, Giulia Gaglianone;Pecor, David B.;Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza	Santarém, Maria Clara Alves, Cremer, Marta Jussara, Vieira, Jenyffer Vierheller, Lemos, Giulia Gaglianone, Pecor, David B., Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza (2023): Redescription of Leptoconops (Leptoconops) brasiliensis (Lutz) and Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with its first Brazilian record. Zootaxa 5380 (2): 173-183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.2.5, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5380.2.5/52386
03E46477FF8F6B05FF04FCFE7BC4FD32.text	03E46477FF8F6B05FF04FCFE7BC4FD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth</p>
            <p>(Figures 3–6)</p>
            <p> Leptoconops (Leptoconops) floridensis Wirth, 1951: 281 (female; USA —Florida); Cavalieri &amp; Chiossone, 1966: 56 (in key to American species). </p>
            <p> Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth &amp; Atchley, 1973: 18 (new combination; redescr. female, male; Colombia, Jamaica record); Ronderos &amp; Spinelli, 1992: 43 (in key to Neotropical species); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2000: 9 (in Catalog; distrib.); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2007: 44 (in neotropical catalog); Borkent &amp; Dominiak, 2020: 39 (in World Catalog); Spinelli et al., 2022: 488 (in key to Neotropical species). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The only species of  Leptoconops with the following combination of characters: antennal flagellomere 12 tapered distally, mandible without teeth, foretarsomere 3–4 with one dorsal subapical spine and spermathecae with ventral perforations, which is the diagnostic features of the subgenus L. (  Megaconops ). </p>
            <p>Redescription. Female. Habitus as in Fig. 3. Head (Fig. 4A). Dark brown. Eyes (Figs. 4A–B) bare, separated by a distance equal to 0.21–0.25 (0.23, n=17) of total head width, separation approximately to diameter of 7–9 ommatidial facets; vertex with 5–7 pairs of long setae, frons (Figs. 4B, 6A) with 2–9 mesal setae, usually distributed unequally on each side, clypeus (Fig. 4C) with two long mesal setae, 1–6 anterior small setae, 2–4 lateral small setae unequally distributed. Antenna (Fig. 4A) with pale scape, pedicel and flagellum dark brown with 12 flagellomeres, lengths of flagellomeres in proportion of 55-30-28-28-28-28-28-28-28-28-30-100 μm; last flagellomere 2.20–3.50 (2.8, n=16) longer than broad, tapered, slender distally; AR 0.63–0.81 (0.73, n=17). Palpus (Fig. 4D) dark brown; 1 st and 2 nd segment indistinctly separated; lengths of segments in proportion of 68 (I+II)-92-51 μm; 3 rd segment elongated, slightly swollen, with dense sensilla clustered internally for most of its length; PR 2.5–4.0 (3.5, n=17). Mandible without teeth, P/H ratio 0.58–0.69 (0.63, n=15).</p>
            <p>Thorax. Dark brown, scutum clothed with setae, paler medially; humeral depressions with three round sensory areas in a row; prescutellar area with 1–2 median pair of tubercles; scutellum convex, paler medially, with fine long marginal hairs. Legs (Fig. 5C) uniformly dark brown, tibiae paler on narrow apices; tarsi (Fig. 5D) brown; hind tibial comb with 3 (n=17) spines; first to third from the spur measuring 57.5–72 (66, n=17) μm, 50–65 (56, n=17) μm, 25–43 (36, n=17) μm. Basitarsi with ventral spines, 5–10 on fore, 4–7 on median, 9–12 on posterior; one ventral apical spine on tarsomeres 1–4; one dorsal sub-apical spine on fore tarsomeres 3–4 (Fig. 5D); tarsal claws short, slightly curved, without basal spines or bristles, 0.45–0.50 (0.46, n=17) as long as 5 th tarsomeres. Wing (Figs. 5A–B) membrane infuscated, microtrichia abundant, stigma pale brown; longitudinal veins reaching wing margin; wing length 1.15–1.32 (1.26, n=17) mm, width 0.55–0.65 (0.61, n=17) mm; costa extending to 0.38–0.41 (0.39, n=17) of total wing length. Halter dark brown.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Brown. Genital lamellae (Fig. 5E) brown, long, narrow, about 3.15–4.69 (3.73, n=17) longer than broad, 2.5–4.0 (3.3, n=17) longer than 9 th sternite. Sternite 8 (Fig. 5F) with deep caudomedian excavation, the margin bearing dense fine hairs and two longer hairs laterally; sternite 9 (Figs. 5G, 6B) with deep, subrectangular excavation which distinct gonopore. Spermathecae (Fig. 5G) two, ovoid, subequal, measuring 52.5–42.5 (48.2, n=17) by 47.5–35 (39.6, n=17) μm and 50–37.5 (44.5, n=17) by 45–32.5 (36.5, n=17) μm, with ventral hyaline perforations; sclerotized necks with 5–7 (6, n=13) μm.</p>
            <p>Male. See Wirth &amp; Atchley (1973).</p>
            <p> Material examined.   Holotype female, slide mounted, labeled “  Santa Rosa Island , Escambia Co., Florida, UNITED STATES, 7 June 1949, light trap (USNMENT01239517);   234 females “  São Francisco do Sul , Santa Catarina, BRAZIL, biting birds, equipe PMP-BS col.(NEW RECORD):   “  Baía Babitonga , 31.I.2021 ”, 3 females [1 slide mounted (CCER#3849);  2 in glycerol (CCER#3858)];  “  Capri , 20.XII.2020, 47 females [1 slide mounted (CCER#3845),  46 in glycerol (CCER#3861)], “ 28.I.2021 ”, 11 females [2 slide mounted (CCER#3838-3839), 9 in glycerol (CCER#3857)], “ 14.XII.2021 ”, 4 females [1 slide mounted (CCER#3848), 3 in glycerol (CCER#3866)], “ 12.II.2022 ”, 2 females [in glycerol (CCER#3870)], “ 13.II.2022 ”, 7 females [in glycerol (CCER#3871)], “ 25. II.2022 ”, 3 females [in glycerol (CCER#3872)], “ 03.III.2022 ”, 3 females [in glycerol (CCER#3873)];  “  Enseada , 01.I.2021 ”,  2 females [1 slide mounted (CCER#3850), 1 in glycerol (CCER#3863)], “ 04.II.2021 ”, 1 female [slide mounted (CCER#3836)], “ 28.XII.2021 ”, 7 females [1 slide mounted (CCER#3847), 6 in glycerol (CCER#3865)], “ 20.XII.2022 ”, 4 females [in glycerol (CCER#3875)];  “  Ervino , “ 23.I.2023 ”, 2 females [in glycerol (CCER#3877)];   “  Forte , 27.XII.2020 ”, 9 females [2 slide mounted (CCER#3843-3844),  7 in glycerol (CCER#3862)], “ 12.XII.2022 ”, 3 females [in glycerol (CCER#3874)], “ 29.XII.2022 ”, 119 females [2 slide mounted (CCER#3851-3852), 117 in glycerol (CCER#3876)]; Praia Grande, “ 02.XII.2021 ”, 1 female [in glycerol (CCER#3868)];  “  Prainha , 20.I.2022 ”, 1 female [in glycerol (CCER#3869)];   “  Rio Monte de Trigo , 06.II.2021 ”, 1female [slide mounted (CCER#3837)];   “  Ubatuba , 06.I.2021 ”, 1 female [in glycerol (CCER#3864)],  “ 14.XII.2021 ”, 3 females [1 slide mounted (CCER#3840), 2 in glycerol (CCER#3867)]; 10 females “Itapoá, Santa Catarina, BRAZIL, biting birds, equipe PMP-BS col.” (NEW RECORD):  “  Pontal , 04.II.2021 ”, 9 females [2 slide mounted (CCER#3841-3842),  7 in glycerol (CCER#3859- 3860)];  “  Barra do Saí , 26.XII.2021 ”, 1 female [slide mounted (CCER#3846)]. </p>
            <p>Distribution. United States (Florida), Jamaica (?), Colombia, Brazil (Santa Catarina).</p>
            <p> Taxonomic discussion.  Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth is the unique species described for this subgenus worldwide. Wirth &amp; Atchley (1973) described L. (  Megaconops ) based on this species and remarked that it is similar to  Leptoconops (sensu stricto), but females differ in the leg and antennal proportions, claw structure and setation of the frons. In fact, we observe that in  L. (M.) floridensis femora and tibiae legs are stout, the flagellomere 12 is tapered and slender distally, and the tarsal claws lack basal spines or bristles, while in the  Leptoconops subgenus the femora and tibiae are slender, the flagellomere 12 is usually blunt or conical and the claws present a basal bristle. However, the frons setation is too variable in our  L. (M.) floridensis specimens and we cannot differ it from other species within the L. (  Leptoconops ). Wirth &amp; Atchley (1973), in their redescription, indicated that frons present four to five pairs of fine setae, despite the drawing show four setae on left and five on right side. In really, we can see the drawing pattern in the holotype specimen (Fig. 4B), with a total of nine mesal setae. Here, we analyze more specimens, and we can see that the unequal distribution on each side is usual, with the frons presenting 2–9 mesal setae (Fig. 6A). In the description of  L. (M.) floridensis (Wirth 1951) and in its subsequent redescription (Wirth &amp; Atchley 1973), the authors state that the tarsomeres are unarmed. In contrast, we observe that the tarsomeres present spines, primarily the basitarsi, but they are more hyaline and slenderer than commonly seen in other species from the genus. Also, we can see a strong subapical dorsal spine in the fore tarsomeres 3 and 4, which is a unique characteristic of this species. Considering this, we suggest that frons setation is not a good feature to identify  L. (M.) floridensis and consequently the subgenus  Megaconops . In addition, the mandible lacking any teeth, the fore tarsomeres 3–4 with a dorsal subapical spine and the spermathecae with ventral perforations are unusual characteristics and unique within all  Leptoconops species and can be more accurate to identify this species. </p>
            <p> Leptoconops (M.) floridensis was described by Wirth (1951) to Santa Rosa Island, Escambia County, Florida, United States. Posteriorly Wirth &amp; Atchley (1973) found it in Seahorse key, Levy County, and in a mangrove area in Colombia, in both places they were biting humans. The authors also describe a single male specimen from Jamaica which they presumed on general characters of size, coloration, and close similarity in external features to be  L. (M.) floridensis , but they emphasize that additional collecting was necessary to prove it. Considering this, we maintain the record for Jamaica with a question mark. </p>
            <p>Herein, we found the species in the estuary and on sandy beaches, also a coastal area, in Santa Catarina, Brazil, biting birds. It is the first record of this subgenus in Brazil. As any male specimens were found, we did not add any characteristic to its first description made by Wirth &amp; Atchley (1973).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E46477FF8F6B05FF04FCFE7BC4FD32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santarém, Maria Clara Alves;Cremer, Marta Jussara;Vieira, Jenyffer Vierheller;Lemos, Giulia Gaglianone;Pecor, David B.;Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza	Santarém, Maria Clara Alves, Cremer, Marta Jussara, Vieira, Jenyffer Vierheller, Lemos, Giulia Gaglianone, Pecor, David B., Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza (2023): Redescription of Leptoconops (Leptoconops) brasiliensis (Lutz) and Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with its first Brazilian record. Zootaxa 5380 (2): 173-183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.2.5, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5380.2.5/52386
