identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2D720B89EF535D5488FA0D47E8F10C53.text	2D720B89EF535D5488FA0D47E8F10C53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia giganticaulis D. K. Tian & W. G. Wang 2021	<div><p>Begonia giganticaulis D.K.Tian &amp; W.G.Wang sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4 巨型秋海棠</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>China. Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region: Mêdog county (墨脱县), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.18917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.3525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.18917/lat 29.3525)">Beibeng town</a> (背崩乡), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.18917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.3525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.18917/lat 29.3525)">Baimu Xiri river</a> (白母西日河), forest slope of river valley or water’s edge along stream, 29°21'9"N, 95°11'21"E, elev. 1320 m, 10 September 2020, Dai-Ke Tian, Fang Wen, Qing-Gong Mao, &amp; Zhu Lu, TDK4773-A (holotype CSH! Barcode number: 0180561, ♀)</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>The new species is mostly similar to B. longifolia and B. acetosella, but clearly differs from the former mainly by its dioecious (vs. monoecious), taller (to 4 m vs. less than 2 m) plants, longer (vs. shorter) inflorescence, and unique shape of fruits, and differs from the latter mainly by its taller (to 4 m vs. less than 2 m) plants, late and longer (Jun. to Oct. vs. Mar. to Apr.) flowering time, longer (6-20 mm vs. 5-12 mm) pedicel, 6 (vs. 4) tepals of pistillate flower and 3 (vs. 4)-loculed ovary (Table 3, Fig. 3).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Herb perennial, evergreen, to 4 m tall, dioecious. Rhizome short, stout, nearly unbranched, reddish brown, to 12 cm thick. Stem erect, reddish brown or green, glabrous, internodes to 5 cm thick, with many longitudinally fusiform whitish spots, cross section of stem often reddish brown, nodes notably enlarged, to 7 cm thick, with unequally oval to round whitish spots, many shrubby branches on the upper part of main stem. Stipule long-triangular, light green or pinkish green, 9-25 × 2-8 mm, glabrous, margin entire, dorsal ridge pinkish, apex acuminate with arista 4-6 mm long. Petioles green, pink to red, glabrous, 7-22 cm long, 1-3 mm thick. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-19 × 0.8-8 cm, adaxial green, muriculate to nearly glabrous, adaxial veins slightly concave; abaxial greyish green, veins usually red, convex, main veins sparsely and obliquely strigose; base obliquely cordate, margin shallowly and remotely denticulate, apex long caudate; Inflorescence dichasial cyme, axillary, short, 3-5 cm long, unbranched to branched once, rachis glabrous, green, pinkish green to red, base usually red-brown, 7-15 mm long, 1-1.5 mm thick, 3-11 male flowers or 1-5 female per inflorescence. Bract often caducous, pinkish green, long triangular, glabrous, ca. 6 × 3 mm, apex acuminate; bracteoles smaller. Staminate flower: pedicel glabrous, white, whitish or pinkish green, 10-14 mm long, ca.1 mm thick; corolla 18-24 mm in diameter; tepals 4, subequal, glabrous, outer 2, obovate, 9-14 × 6-9 mm, apex obtuse, adaxially white and middle-upper part abaxially pink, or pure white for some individuals, longitudinal veins unapparent; inner 2, pure white, obovate to obovate-lanceolate, 8-13 × 5-7 mm, apex obtuse; androecium nearly actinomorphic, ca. 5 mm long, 6-7 mm in diam; stamens 48-60, filaments free, 1-2 mm long; anther yellow, 2-3 mm long, apex obtuse or nearly so. Pistillate flower: pedicel white or green-white, 6-12 mm long, 0.8-1 mm thick; corolla 20-25 mm, tepals 6, rarely 4, glabrous, outer 3 (rarely 2), obovate or long obovate, thick and rigid, 12-18 × 7-10 mm, adaxial surface nearly white, distinctly concave, abaxially pink on middle-upper part, inner 3 (rarely 2), obovate-lanceolate to oblanceolate or long elliptical, slightly narrower than outer tepals, 10-19 × 6-8 mm, white, glabrous, apex obtuse; styles + stigmas 5 mm long, 7-8 mm wide; styles 3, free; stigmas yellow, nearly U-shaped, each side spirally twisted 1.5 circles; ovary pink or green, with white convex spots; placentation axile, 3-loculed, each placenta 2-branched. Peduncle green to pinkish green, glabrous, 8-12 mm long, ca. 1 mm thick. Fruit red, pink or green, glabrous, triangular-gyroscopic, 8-11 × 1-12 mm wide, concave between two placentas, wingless to occasionally short ridged, apex with beak 3-4 mm long. Flowering Jun.-Oct., fruiting Jul.-Dec.</p> <p>Additional specimen examined.</p> <p>China. Xizang: Mêdog County (墨脱县), Beibeng Town (背崩乡), Baimu Xiri River (白母西日河), forest slope of river valley or water’s edge along stream, 29°21'9"N, 95°11'21"E, elev. 1320 m, 10 September 2020, Dai-Ke Tian, Fang Wen, Qing-Gong Mao, &amp; Zhu Lu TDK4773-B (paratype CSH!, ♂); 29°20'0"N, 95°10'49"E, elev. 1110 m, 10 September 2020, Dai-Ke Tian, Fang Wen, Qing-Gong Mao, &amp; Zhu Lu TDK4765-A, TDK4765-B, (paratype CSH!); 29°18'32"N, 95°10'38"E, elev. 980 m, 10 September 2020, Dai-Ke Tian, Fang Wen, Qing-Gong Mao, &amp; Zhu Lu TDK4777 (paratype CSH!); near Ani Bridge (阿尼桥), 29°17'8.41"N, 95°10'3.23"E, elev. 810 m, 3 July 2020, Wen-Guang Wang, You-Yun Li, Xing-Da Ma, &amp; Jian-Yong Shen, WWG 2014 (paratype, HITBC!), WWG 2015 (paratype HITBC!); elev. 1100 m, 16 September 1974, anonymous 2608 (paratype PE!); elev. 800-1400 m, 30 June 1980, Wei-Lie Chen 10809 (PE!); near No. 2 Bridge, 29°16'42"N, 95°10'49"E, elev. 810 m, 1 October 2017, Dai-Ke Tian, Yan Xiao, Xin Zhong, Li-Zhi Tian &amp; Zhu Lu TDK3429 (paratype CSH!); Beibeng to Hanmi (汗密), elev. 840 m, 7 August 2010, South Tibet Expedition Team (藏南队), Xiao-Hua Jin, Shu-Dong Zhang, Zhong-Yang Li, Bao-Cheng Wu, Xian-Yun Mu, Jing Li &amp; Wei-Tao Jin, STET2304 (paratype PE!); Hanmi to Maniweng (马尼翁), elev. 800-1000 m, 6 August 1974, Qingzang Team 74-4114 (paratype PE!); elev. 1200 m, 24 June 1983, Bo-Sheng Li &amp; Shu-Zhi Chen 05229 (paratype PE!); Maniweng to Ani Bridge, elev. 700-1000 m, 3 August 1972, Tibet Expedition Team, Institute of Biology 1631 (paratype HNWP!).</p> <p>Distribution and habitat.</p> <p>Currently known from at least two localities in Mêdog, southern Xizang (Tibet), China (Fig. 5). It grows on the slopes under forest along streams, elevation 450-1400 m.</p> <p>Conservation status.</p> <p>Begonia giganticaulis is currently found in at least two localities in Mêdog of Tibet. Additional populations might be discovered when more surveys are conducted in China-India border region. However, based on current data, it should be categorised as Endangered: B2a (IUCN 2019) due to &lt;500 km2 area of occupancy with severely fragmented habitat consisting of &lt;5 known populations totally under 1000 individuals by estimation.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The specific epithet refers to the huge (very tall and thick stem) plant size of the new species, which is the tallest begonia in Asia.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D720B89EF535D5488FA0D47E8F10C53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tian, Dai-Ke;Wang, Wen-Guang;Dong, Li-Na;Xiao, Yan;Zheng, Min-Min;Ge, Bin-Jie	Tian, Dai-Ke, Wang, Wen-Guang, Dong, Li-Na, Xiao, Yan, Zheng, Min-Min, Ge, Bin-Jie (2021): A new species (Begonia giganticaulis) of Begoniaceae from southern Xizang (Tibet) of China. PhytoKeys 187: 189-205, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75854, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75854
