taxonID	type	description	language	source
6F7D6133B2F95F38923E4CCDA21A1A2D.taxon	description	Description. Body length 0.9 - 1.25 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: complete; partial. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Lateral ocellar depression: present laterally. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: laterally weakened. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present throughout. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: more than 3 / 4. Mesoscutellar spine: absent or inconspicuous. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: moderately dense. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and square. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin; approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
6F7D6133B2F95F38923E4CCDA21A1A2D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas amandae has the pronotum entirely covered with reticulate microsculpture, which is not typical among the species treated here. The absent or inconspicuous mesoscutellar spine also helps to identify it. It can be distinguished from the similar S. codex by the shape of the head, which is blocky in S. codex, and by the epomial carina, which is complete or nearly so in S. amandae and absent or reduced in S. codex.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
6F7D6133B2F95F38923E4CCDA21A1A2D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of the entomologist Amanda Hodges.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
6F7D6133B2F95F38923E4CCDA21A1A2D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 16. XI. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Nauclea sp. 1, (FSCA 00000403). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: 7 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 15. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1, (FSCA 00000037, 00000313 - 00000318); 2 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 16. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1, (FSCA 00094594 - 00094595); 1 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 25. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1, (FSCA 00000323); 1 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 26. I. 2011, Nauclea sp. 1, (FSCA 00000331); 6 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 04. X. 2012, Nauclea sp. 1, (FSCA 00090253, 00094584 - 00094588).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
416CDC8D934C542287C274559FBED04B.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.3 - 1.9 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: distinctly ovoid. Central keel: partial. Sculpture on frons: rugose macrosculpture. Epitorular sculpture: rugose. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): approximately 1 ocellar diameter; greater than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 4 to 1 / 2. Mesoscutellar spine: long and thick. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally and ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: distinctly grooved. Parapsidal lines: marked by absence of sculpture. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: truncate, with striate sculpture. Setation of mesoscutellum: present lateral to striate sculpture. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: microsculpture present in patch at posterior margin, not extending to posterolateral corners. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: moderately dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: setose distally, glabrous proximally. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
416CDC8D934C542287C274559FBED04B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The head of this species is mostly covered in rugose macrosculpture and the notauli are distinctly grooved, characters which it shares with S. klingunculum. The mesoscutellar spine of S. anunu is long and thick, with its length more than twice the thickness at its midpoint (Fig. 13 B). Synopeas klingunculum has a mesoscutellar spine that is more wart-shaped, with the length only slightly greater than its thickness in lateral view (Fig. 13 A). The sculpture of the lateral pronotum in S. klingunculum is present dorsally and absent ventrally, with a smooth band anterior to the tegula. This smooth band is lacking in S. anunu. Additionally, the epomial carina of S. klingunculum terminates posteriorly in a pit, while that of S. anunu does not.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
416CDC8D934C542287C274559FBED04B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas anunu " is Manam for " shadow " (Osmond and Ross 2016). It is applied to this species because it resembles S. klingunculum, being distinguishable based on the silhouette or shadow of the mesoscutellar spine. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
416CDC8D934C542287C274559FBED04B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 30. XI. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00090255). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 30. XI. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00094589 - 00094590).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
9A5A7015BEA35EA9A4FD328A6B7B698B.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.3 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: circular. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced; medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: greater than 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present medially, absent ventrally and dorsally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 4 to 1 / 2. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly; angled posterodorsally. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: short, projecting less than its width beyond margin; broad and rounded. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: sparse. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
9A5A7015BEA35EA9A4FD328A6B7B698B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The lateral ocellus and the hyperoccipital carina are widely separated in S. butterilli, by approximately 1.5 ocellar diameters. The sculpture of the lateral pronotum is restricted to a narrow line medially, and the lateral pronotum is smooth dorsally and ventrally. These two characters set it apart from other species with a short, pointed mesoscutellar spine: S. luli, S. occultum, S. roncavei, S. sanga, and S. toto.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
9A5A7015BEA35EA9A4FD328A6B7B698B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Madang, Mis 5.183 ° S, 145.758 ° E; 15. IX. 2010 - 17. II. 2011, Philip Butterill leg. Paramyristica sp. (USNMENT 01335986). Paratype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Madang, Mis 5.183 ° S, 145.758 ° E; 15. IX. 2010 - 17. II. 2011; Philip Butterill leg.; Paramyristica sp. (USNMENT 01335984). Other material: ♂, Madang, Mis, 5.183 ° S, 145.758 ° E; 16. VII. 2010; Philip Butterill leg. Paramyristica cf sepicana. (FSCA 00090264); ♂, Madang, Mis, 17. II. 2011, Paramyristica cf sepicana. (FSCA 00090428).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
BA398DB7D7125B13B70C870DA564C9F9.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.1 - 1.5 mm. Body color: black; dark brown. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: blocky. Central keel: partial. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Lateral ocellar depression: present laterally. Hyperoccipital carina: present in medial third. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly weak. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: greater than 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: absent; present only in ventral half. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present throughout. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: more than 3 / 4. Mesoscutellar spine: absent or inconspicuous. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded; pointed dorsally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: unmarked. Setation of mesoscutum: absent medially, present laterally. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and rounded; broad and square. Setation of mesoscutellum: absent medially. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: present on posterior half. Sculpture of T 2: long transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
BA398DB7D7125B13B70C870DA564C9F9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The shape of the head in S. codex is distinctly blocky in anterior view. Among the species treated here, Synopeas codex may be recognized by the absent or reduced epomial carina. When present, the epomial carina is short, extending less than halfway up the pronotum. S 2 is covered with reticulate microsculpture on the posterior half (Fig. 6 E), and there is a wide band of microsculpture at the posterior margin of dorsal T 2.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
BA398DB7D7125B13B70C870DA564C9F9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas codex " is Latin for a book or block of wood. We here used it to refer to the shape of the head in this species. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
BA398DB7D7125B13B70C870DA564C9F9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 26. XI. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000385). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: 1 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 24. VII. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000352); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 16. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000374); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 17. XI. 2010, Homalanthus nervosus, (FSCA 00000377); ♀ 2 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 25. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00034030, 00094609 - 00094610); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 26. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000386) 4 ♀ 4 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 30. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000380 - 00000382, 00000388 - 00000392); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 25. I. 2011, Ficus adenosperma, (FSCA 00090425); 3 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 08. X. 2012, Nauclea tenuiflora, (FSCA 00000310, 00034029 00094583).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
C537718B31D853FBB526C0B9E1B71F3A.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.7 - 2.3 mm. Body color: brown. Color of legs: coxae brown, legs otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: distinctly ovoid. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae. Number of clypeal setae: unknown. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: unknown. Arrangement of clypeal setae: unknown. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present anterodorsally, absent posteroventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: unknown. Mesoscutellar spine: long and thin. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: uncertain, absent medially, present laterally. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and rounded; roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: longer than head and mesosoma combined. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
C537718B31D853FBB526C0B9E1B71F3A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas csoszi is easily recognized by the extraordinary length of the second metasomal segment, which is longer than the head and mesosoma combined. The metasoma is narrow anteriorly, expanding posteriorly to become wider than the rest of the body at the junction between metasomal segments 2 and 3. The shape of the antennal scape is unusually expanded distally forming a club, then contracting into a narrowly curved apex (Fig. 29).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
C537718B31D853FBB526C0B9E1B71F3A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Mt. Wilhelm, alt. 3900 m, 1324. IX. 1968, Janos Balogh leg. Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: ♀ ♂, Mt. Wilhelm, alt. 3900 m, 1324. IX. 1968, Janos Balogh leg. (deposited in HNHM).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
B0BAAAEE497E51AF96BBAE500035CC14.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.6 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: rugulose macrosculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: uncertain, longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: unknown. Shape of mandible: unknown. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: medially weakened. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present throughout. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: more than 3 / 4. Mesoscutellar spine: long and thick. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: weakly convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: weakly impressed. Setation of mesoscutum: moderately dense. Mesoscutal lamella: short and narrow. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
B0BAAAEE497E51AF96BBAE500035CC14.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Important characters for identifying S. kalubia include the weak hyperoccipital carina and the microsculpture of the lateral pronotum, which is absent only in the ventralmost portion. It can be distinguished from S. kira by the pattern of microsculpture on S 2. In S. kalubia, the microsculpture is limited to a narrow band along the posterior margin that is half as long as that of S. kira (Fig. 6 D), and S. kira also has a well-developed hyperoccipital carina. The notauli of S. kalubia are not indicated, which allows it to be easily separated from S. klingunculum and S. anunu.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
B0BAAAEE497E51AF96BBAE500035CC14.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas kalubia " is Bariai for " barracuda " (Osmond, 2011) and refers to the streamlined appearance of this species. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
B0BAAAEE497E51AF96BBAE500035CC14.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 30. XI. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000344).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
FEF466FFCAF7520E9C4A1365C9EC8C20.taxon	description	Description. Body length 0.9 mm. Body color: dark brown. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae. Number of clypeal setae: unknown. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: unknown. Arrangement of clypeal setae: uncertain, medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: medially weakened; uniformly weak. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present anterodorsally, absent posteroventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 4 to 1 / 2. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: long and narrow. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: absent. Sculpture of T 2: absent; narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: moderately dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: unknown. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
FEF466FFCAF7520E9C4A1365C9EC8C20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Identification of S. kiki requires the use of numerous characters because it does not have any obviously distinct features. It is similar to S. roncavei, from which it can be separated by the development of the hyperoccipital carina, which is medially weakened in S. kiki and uniformly robust in S. roncavei. It is also similar to S. luli, but S. kiki has a posteriorly angled mesoscutellar spine and no central keel, while S. luli has a posterodorsally angled mesoscutellar spine and a partial central keel. The forewing of S. luli has setae of approximately equal length around the wing margin, while in S. kiki, the setae are distinctly longer on the posterior margin (Fig. 8).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
FEF466FFCAF7520E9C4A1365C9EC8C20.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas kiki " is Proto-Oceanic for " small " (Ross and Osmond 2016) and refers to the relatively diminutive size of this species. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
FEF466FFCAF7520E9C4A1365C9EC8C20.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 25. XI. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00090410).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
981C54D13B875448BEEC8D687B2B0E9A.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.2 - 1.6 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced; medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: less than 1 ocellar diameter; approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 2 to 2 / 3; 2 / 3 to 3 / 4. Mesoscutellar spine: long and thick. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally and ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: long and narrow; roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: long band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: long transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin; microsculpture present in patch at posterior margin, not extending to posterolateral corners. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
981C54D13B875448BEEC8D687B2B0E9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas kira is similar to S. kalubia, from which it can be separated by the pattern of microsculpture at the posterior margin of S 2. In S. kira, the sculpture forms a wide band, longer than S 3 (Fig. 6 D), and in S. kalubia it is limited to a very narrow band. The absent or faint notauli of S. kira enable it to be easily separated from S. klingunculum and S. anunu. Synopeas kira has a dorsally convex and blunt mesoscutellar spine, distinguishing it from S. sanga and S. occultum, both of which have a short, pointed mesoscutellar spine.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
981C54D13B875448BEEC8D687B2B0E9A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas kira " is Manam for " stone axe " (Osmond and Ross 1998) and refers to the shape of the mesoscutellar spine. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
BF285FE38BD8541A947BF5C60C8075F3.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.2 - 1.8 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: distinctly ovoid. Central keel: partial. Sculpture on frons: rugose macrosculpture. Epitorular sculpture: rugose. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: interrupted medially; present in medial third; absent; obscured by sculpture. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly weak. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter; greater than 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally, smooth band anterior to tegula. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 4 to 1 / 2. Mesoscutellar spine: long and thick. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded; pointed dorsally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: distinctly grooved. Parapsidal lines: marked by absence of sculpture. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: truncate, with striate sculpture. Setation of mesoscutellum: present lateral to striate sculpture. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: sparse. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: densely setose distally, sparsely setose proximally. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
BF285FE38BD8541A947BF5C60C8075F3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The head of S. klingunculum is mostly covered in rugose macrosculpture and the notauli are distinctly grooved, characters which it shares with S. anunu. The mesoscutellar spine of S. klingunculum is papilliform or wart-like, with the length of the spine only slightly greater than its thickness in lateral view. Synopeas anunu has a mesoscutellar spine that is similar in form, but its length is more than twice the thickness at its midpoint (Fig. 13). The sculpture of the lateral pronotum in S. klingunculum is present dorsally and absent ventrally, with a smooth band anterior to the tegula. This smooth band is lacking in S. anunu. Additionally, the epomial carina of S. klingunculum terminates posteriorly in a pit, while that of S. anunu does not.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
BF285FE38BD8541A947BF5C60C8075F3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas klingunculum " means " little Klingon " and refers to the rugose head sculpture, which resembles that of the fictional alien race from " Star Trek ".	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
BF285FE38BD8541A947BF5C60C8075F3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 17. X. 2012, Philip Butterill leg., Nauclea tenuiflora (FSCA 00034032). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 01. VII. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000365); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 23. VII. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000368); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 24. VIII. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1, (FSCA 00000309); 2 ♀ 3 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 22. IX. 2010, Nauclea tenuiflora (FSCA 00000362 - 00000364, 00000378 - 00000379); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 26. X. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000369); 2 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 30. X. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00090254 - 00094591); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 12. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000354); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 26. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000411); ♀ ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 29. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000343, 00090408); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 26. I. 2011, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000375); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 01. VIII. 2012, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000366); 15 ♀ 4 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 13. XI. 2012, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000237, 00000355, 00034028, FSCA 00094485 - 00094492, 00094504 - 00094510); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 21. XI. 2012, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000376).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.1 - 1.3 mm. Body color: black; dark brown. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent; partial; impressed. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: equal to lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced; medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly weak. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: less than 1 ocellar diameter; approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally, smooth band anterior to tegula. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 4 to 1 / 2. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: angled posterodorsally. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally and ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint; marked by absence of sculpture. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and rounded; roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: absent. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: moderately dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: setose distally, glabrous proximally; densely setose distally, sparsely setose proximally. Forewing marginal setae: approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas luli has a short, pointed mesoscutellar spine that is angled upward, and a weak but complete hyperoccipital carina. It resembles S. kiki and may be distinguished by the presence of a partial central keel on the frons and by the mesoscutellar spine, which is posterodorsally angled in S. luli and posteriorly angled in S. kiki. The forewing of S. luli has setae of approximately equal length around the wing margin, while in S. kiki, the setae are distinctly longer on the posterior margin (Fig. 8).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas luli " is Numbani for " thorn " (Evans 2008) and refers to the shape of the mesoscutellar spine. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 22. X. 2012, Philip Butterill leg., Neuburgia corynocarpa (FSCA 00090412). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: 5 ♀ 3 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 22. IX. 2010, Neuburgia corynocarpa (FSCA 00090427, 00090437 - 00090438, 00094466 - 00094470); 3 ♀ 2 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 03. XI. 2010, Piper macropiper (FSCA 00090426, 00090429, 00094482 - 00094484); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 30. III. 2012, Neuburgia corynocarpa (FSCA 00090440); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 14. VI. 2012, Neuburgia corynocarpa (FSCA 00090439); 7 ♀ 4 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 22. X. 2012, Neuburgia corynocarpa (FSCA 00094524 - 00094528, 00094548 - 00094549, 00000332 - 00000335).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.1 - 1.5 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Lateral ocellar depression: present laterally. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: less than 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: short, projecting less than its width beyond margin. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: present at posterior margin and in posterolateral corners. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas occultum has a short, pointed scutellar spine and a robust, complete hyperoccipital carina. It may be distinguished from similar-looking species by the patch of microsculpture on posterior and posterolateral S 2 (Fig. 6 B). It resembles S. sanga, but differs in the length of T 2, which is much more elongate in S. occultum (compare Figs 35 and 41). Additionally, S. sanga has a long patch of microsculpture at the dorsal margin of T 2, which in S. occultum is much shorter (Fig. 7).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas occultum " is Latin for " hidden ". It is applied to this species because it was not initially recognized from morphology alone, and its hidden identity was revealed by DNA barcoding.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 24. V. 2012, Philip Butterill leg., Cypholophus friesianus (FSCA 00090403). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: ♀ 4 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 04. X. 2010, Cypholophus friesianus (FSCA 00090435, 00094460 - 00094463); 3 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 07. X. 2010, Cypholophus friesianus (FSCA 00090436, 00094464 - 00094465); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 29. XI. 2010, Cypholophus friesianus (FSCA 00090433); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 24. V. 2012, Cypholophus friesianus (FSCA 00094493).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
71A0D7BB3DC153A0ABF6F731BA575EEB.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.5 - 1.7 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: circular. Central keel: absent; partial. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly; angled posterodorsally. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: absent medially, present laterally. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and rounded; roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: absent medially; laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: uncertain, longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: moderately dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: setose distally, glabrous proximally. Forewing marginal setae: approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
71A0D7BB3DC153A0ABF6F731BA575EEB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas pattiae has a short, pointed mesoscutellar spine and a robust, complete hyperoccipital carina. Synopeas pattiae can be differentiated from S. pulupulu by the setation of the meoscutum and mesoscutellum, which are medially glabrous in S. pattiae and uniformly setose in S. pulupulu. Synopeas pattiae is similar to S. roncavei, but the forewing of S. pattiae lacks a linea setosa, which is present in S. roncavei (Fig. 23).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
71A0D7BB3DC153A0ABF6F731BA575EEB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of botanist Patti J. Anderson.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
71A0D7BB3DC153A0ABF6F731BA575EEB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 03. XII. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Syzygium decipiens (FSCA 00090423). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: 3 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 03. XII. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Syzygium decipiens (FSCA 00094479 - 00094481).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
FC4FE82FD7D65442BF4AF2B9832E78C9.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.3 - 1.4 mm. Body color: dark brown. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: circular; slightly ovoid. Central keel: complete and weakly developed. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly weak. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: less than 1 ocellar diameter; approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 4 to 1 / 2. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly; angled posterodorsally. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally and ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: well impressed. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and square. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: absent; narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: sparse. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: setose distally, glabrous proximally. Forewing marginal setae: approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
FC4FE82FD7D65442BF4AF2B9832E78C9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The parapsidal lines of S. psychotriae are well impressed (Fig. 20 A), distinguishing it from the similar S. luli, which has unmarked or very faint parapsidal lines. The metasomal microsculpture of S. psychotriae is minimal, being absent or restricted to very narrow bands at the posterior margins of each segment, whereas S. sanga, S. occultum, and S. kira have more extensive metasomal sculpturing (Fig. 6). There is no central keel, but rather an impressed line running from the toruli to the median ocellus. The mesoscutellar spine may be angled posteriorly or posterodorsally.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
FC4FE82FD7D65442BF4AF2B9832E78C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Madang, 5 ° 08 ' S, 145 ° 47 ' E, 27. I- 5. IV. 2011, Philip Butterill leg., Psychotria ramuensis (USNMENT 01335972). Paratype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Madang, 5 ° 08 ' S, 145 ° 47 ' E, 27. I- 5. IV. 2011, Philip Butterill leg., Psychotria ramuensis (USNMENT 01335982). Other material: Papua New Guinea: ♀ ♂, Morobe, Ohu, 5.233 ° S, 145.686 ° E, 22. II. 2011, Philip Butterill leg., Psychotria ramuensis, (FSCA 00090261, 00094619).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
DD357585E3665644ABA34991F00D7D38.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.4 - 1.5 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: circular. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: parallel, arched rugae. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced. Shape of mandible: unknown. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: uncertain, approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. Mesoscutellar spine: absent or inconspicuous. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and rounded. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: unknown. Sculpture of T 2: absent. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: sparse. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: unknown. Forewing marginal setae: unknown.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
DD357585E3665644ABA34991F00D7D38.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The frons of S. pterocarpi is characterized by parallel, arched rugae above the toruli, not found in other Synopeas from New Guinea.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
DD357585E3665644ABA34991F00D7D38.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Madang, Ohu, 5 ° 14 ' S, 145 ° 41 ' E, 13. IX. 2010 - 19. I. 2011, Philip Butterill leg., Pterocarpus indicus (USNMENT 01335974). Paratype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Madang, Ohu, 5 ° 14 ' S, 145 ° 41 ' E, 13. IX. 2010 - 19. I. 2011, Philip Butterill leg., Pterocarpus indicus, ZMUC.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
DC177342C4F25DD9B9A166C2F0669D46.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.6 - 1.8 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: circular. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 2 / 3 to 3 / 4. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly; angled posterodorsally. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally and ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: moderately dense. Mesoscutal lamella: roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: present throughout. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: absent. Sculpture of T 2: absent. Length of T 2: approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
DC177342C4F25DD9B9A166C2F0669D46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas pulupulu has a short, pointed mesoscutellar spine and a robust, complete hyperoccipital carina. Synopeas pulupulu can be differentiated from S. roncavei and S. pattiae by the setation of the meoscutum and mesoscutellum, which are uniformly setose in S. pulupulu and medially glabrous in S. roncavei and S. pattiae. Additionally, the sculpture of the lateral pronotum in S. pulupulu is more extensive than that of S. roncavei and S. pattiae, covering more than two thirds of the sclerite.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
DC177342C4F25DD9B9A166C2F0669D46.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas pulupulu " is Manam for " hairy " (Osmond and Ross 2016) and refers to the relatively dense setae on the mesoscutum. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
DC177342C4F25DD9B9A166C2F0669D46.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 20. XI. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Palmeria sp. 1 (FSCA 00090430). Paratype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 20. XI. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Palmeria sp. 1 (FSCA 00094459).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
3D3CFB99CC91576CBF89D73A9C1588A5.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.2 - 1.5 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow; coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: circular. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: absent medially, present laterally. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and rounded; roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
3D3CFB99CC91576CBF89D73A9C1588A5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas roncavei has a short, pointed mesoscutellar spine and a robust, complete hyperoccipital carina. The metasomal sculpture on T 2 is restricted to a narrow band at the posterior margin (Fig. 40). It is similar to S. kiki, and these can be differentiated by the hyperoccipital carina. In S. kiki, the hyperoccipital carina is medially weakened and laterally present as a thin carina, whereas in S. roncavei, the hyperoccipital carina is uniformly robust. Synopeas roncavei can be differentiated from S. pulupulu by the setation of the meoscutum and mesoscutellum, which are medially glabrous in S. roncavei and uniformly setose in S. pulupulu. Synopeas roncavei is similar to S. pattiae, but the forewing of S. pattiae lacks a linea setosa, which is present in S. roncavei (Fig. 23).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
3D3CFB99CC91576CBF89D73A9C1588A5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of the biological control researcher and beetle taxonomist Ronald D. Cave.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
3D3CFB99CC91576CBF89D73A9C1588A5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 12. X. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Piper celtidiforme (FSCA 00090249). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: ♀ ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 20. IX. 2010, Piper amboinense (FSCA 00000407, 00000322); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 05. X. 2010, Piper sp. (FSCA 00090417); 2 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 12. X. 2010, Piper celtidiforme, FSCA 00094605 - 00094606); 4 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 15. X. 2010, Piper amboinense (FSCA 00000339 - 00000342); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 15. X. 2010, Cypholophus friesianus (FSCA 00090432); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 18. X. 2010, Piper amboinense (FSCA 00000408); 3 ♀ 3 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 25. X. 2010, Piper amboinense (FSCA 00090259, 00090411, FSCA 00094495 - 00094496, 00094607 - 00094608); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 11. XI. 2010, Piper amboinense (FSCA 00000253).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
4BDF6DE3A2F15FDCA0BD5BC905F5CC8E.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.1 - 1.4 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: less than 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: long and narrow. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: present at posterior margin and in posterolateral corners. Sculpture of T 2: wide transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
4BDF6DE3A2F15FDCA0BD5BC905F5CC8E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas sanga has a short, pointed scutellar spine and a robust, complete hyperoccipital carina. It may be distinguished from similar species by the patch of microsculpture on posterior and posterolateral S 2 (Fig. 6 A) and the long band of reticulate microsculpture on dorsal T 2 (Fig. 7 A). It resembles S. occultum but differs in the length of T 2, which is much more elongate in S. occultum (compare Figs 35 and 41). Synopeas sanga has sparser setation on the frons than does S. roncavei sp. 2 (compare Figs 40 and 41).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
4BDF6DE3A2F15FDCA0BD5BC905F5CC8E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas sanga " is Proto-Oceanic for " forked " (Evans, 2008) and refers to the forked microsculpture pattern on posterior S 2. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
4BDF6DE3A2F15FDCA0BD5BC905F5CC8E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 03. IX. 2012, Philip Butterill leg., Saurauia conferta (FSCA 00000399). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: 3 ♀ 2 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 17. V. 2012, Saurauia conferta (FSCA 00000345 - 00000349); 2 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 03. IX. 2012, Saurauia schumanniana (FSCA 00000397, 00094474); 7 ♀ 3 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 03. IX. 2012, Saurauia conferta (FSCA 00094511 - 00094514, 00094532 - 00094536, 00094615); 3 ♀ 3 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 05. XI. 2012, Saurauia conferta, (FSCA 00000356 - 00000361); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 20. XI. 2012, Saurauia conferta (FSCA 00000396).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
1695765E563E58E5ACBB79725ACC5A93.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.1 - 1.5 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: circular. Central keel: complete and well developed. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: uncertain, minute rugulae; uncertain, reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly weak. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: angled posterodorsally. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: absent medially. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: sparse. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: densely setose distally, sparsely setose proximally. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
1695765E563E58E5ACBB79725ACC5A93.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas toto has a strong, distinct central keel on the frons. Synopeas psychotriae also has a line on the frons that extends from between the toruli to the median ocellus, but it is impressed rather than raised. Additionally, the parapsidal lines of S. psychotriae are well impressed (Fig. 20 A) and are very weak in S. toto (Fig. 42). Synopeas butterilli can have a complete central keel, but it is weakly developed. The sculpture of the lateral pronotum in S. butterilli is restricted to a narrow medial band (Fig. 27), rather than covering the dorsal half of the lateral pronotum as in S. toto.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
1695765E563E58E5ACBB79725ACC5A93.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas toto " is Proto-Oceanic for " cut " (Ross et al. 1998) and refers to the complete central keel dividing the frons. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
1695765E563E58E5ACBB79725ACC5A93.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 01. XII. 2010, Philip Butterill leg., Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000252). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: ♀ ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 11. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00090421, 00094597); 2 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 25. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00090420, 00094494); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 26. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1, FSCA 00000412); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 01. XII. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000330); ♀ 2 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 26. I. 2011, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000406, 00094592 - 00094593); 5 ♀ 4 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 21. XI. 2012, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000245, 00000258, 00000336 - 00000338, 00000393, 00094563 - 00094565).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.3 - 1.5 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: triangular. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina strength: unknown. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: unknown. Postgenal region: medially impressed. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally, smooth band anterior to tegula. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. Mesoscutellar spine: absent or inconspicuous. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: moderately dense. Mesoscutal lamella: short, projecting less than its width beyond margin. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: uncertain, absent. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas valavala has an exceptionally large, triangular head, unlike any other known species of Synopeas. The malar space is long, about equal to the height of the compound eye, and the mesoscutellar spine is inconspicuous to absent.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet " Synopeas valavala " is Maenge for " Macaranga " (Ross, 2008) and refers to the identity of the gall host plant. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 21. XI. 2012, Philip Butterill leg., Macaranga strigosa (FSCA 00033890). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: 2 ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 21. XI. 2012, Philip Butterill leg., Macaranga strigosa (FSCA 00000259 - 00000350).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
4D5047C63F365FD6BFE426FF053778DC.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.1 - 1.3 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc. Head. Shape of head in anterior view: distinctly ovoid. Central keel: absent; partial. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: uncertain, medial setae closer to lateral setae than to each other. Shape of mandible: unidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 4 to 1 / 2. Mesoscutellar spine: absent or inconspicuous. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally and ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse. Metasoma. Microsculpture of S 2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T 2: absent; narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T 2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma. Wing. Length of setae on disc of forewing: shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: sparse. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: setose distally, glabrous proximally. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
4D5047C63F365FD6BFE426FF053778DC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synopeas zhangi may be recognized by its head shape, which is distinctly wider than high, the unidentate mandible, and the absence of a hyperoccipital carina. The dorsal mesosoma is moderately convex, allowing it to be easily distinguished from an undescribed species known from a single male specimen, which has an extremely convex mesosoma.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
4D5047C63F365FD6BFE426FF053778DC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of the hymenopterist Yuanmeng Miles Zhang.	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
4D5047C63F365FD6BFE426FF053778DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Papua New Guinea: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 6.14141 ° S, 146.87415 ° E, 26. I. 2011, Philip Butterill leg., Macaranga strigosa (FSCA 00090250). Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 15. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000367); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 16. XI. 2010, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00090407); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 01. I. 2011, Elaeocarpus dolichostylus (FSCA 00090422); ♀ 4 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 24. I. 2011, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00033887, 00094611 - 00094614); 3 ♀ 9 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 25. I. 2011, Nauclea tenuiflora (FSCA 00000291, 00000370 - 00000373, 00000383 - 00000384, 00033886, 00094475 - 00094478); ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 25. I. 2011, Ficus adenosperma (FSCA 00090424); 1 ♀ 4 ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 26. I. 2011, Macaranga strigosa (FSCA 00090252, 00094472 - 00094473, 00094497, 00094582); ♀ ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 26. I. 2011, Nauclea sp. 1 (FSCA 00000324, 00000353); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 08. X. 2012, Nauclea tenuiflora (FSCA 00000387).	en	Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R., Talamas, Elijah J. (2021): A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 5-65, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563
