identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C35B7839F2D262ED82FE5A9B68A91580.text	C35B7839F2D262ED82FE5A9B68A91580.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nesomyrmex angulatus (Mayr 1862) Mayr 1862	<div><p>Nesomyrmex angulatus (Mayr, 1862) Figs 2C, D, 3A, 4</p> <p>Leptothorax angulatus Mayr, 1862: 739 (w.). EGYPT. Santschi 1914: 107 (q.). [Combination in L. (Goniothorax): Emery 1896: 58 (footnote); in Nesomyrmex: Bolton 2003: 272. See also: Mbanyana and Robertson 2008: 38. Current subspecies: nominal plus lybica].</p> <p>Leptothorax angulatus r. ilgii Forel, 1894: 82 (w.). ETHIOPIA. Santschi 1912: 148 (q.). [Combination in L. (Goniothorax): Wheeler W.M. 1922: 891. Junior synonym of N. angulatus: Bolton 1982: 324].</p> <p>Leptothorax latinodis Mayr, 1895: 130 (w.). MOZAMBIQUE. [Combination in L. (Goniothorax): Emery 1896: 58 (footnote). Junior synonym of N. angulatus: Bolton 1982: 324].</p> <p>Leptothorax angulatus var. concolor Santschi, 1914: 107, fig. 15 (w.) KENYA. Emery 1915: 16 (q.m.). [Junior synonym of N. angulatus: Bolton 1982: 324].</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>KENYA: Coast Province, Malindi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, -3.29, 39.98, 10-15 m, coastal hard wood forest, 24.V.2001 (R.R. Snelling) (FHGC: 3w); Coast Province, Malindi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, -3.321, 39.929, 50 m, coastal dry forest, VI.2009 (F. Hita Garcia &amp; G. Fischer) (FHGC: 3w); Rift Valley Province, Laikipia, Ewaso Ngiro, near Mpala Research Centre, 0.30, 36.91, 1600 m, Acacia woodland, 10.IV.2001 (R.R. Snelling) (FHGC: 10w); Rift Valley Province, Laikipia, Mpala Research Centre, 0.29, 36.9, 1650 m, Acacia woodland, 27.-28.IX.1999 and 24.III.2001 (R.R. Snelling) (FHGC: 3w); Western Province, Kakamega Forest, Buyangu Village, 0.3590, 34.8708, 1590 m, farmland, VII.2007 (F. Hita Garcia) (FHGC: 3w); MOZAMBIQUE: Sofala Province, Gorongosa National Park, Explore Gorongosa Park, -18.927, 34.378, 24 m, Fever tree forest, 20.V.2012 (G.D. Alpert) (MCZC: 3w); Sofala Province, Gorongosa National Park, 3 km W Chitengo, -18.992, 34.325, 37 m, riverine forest, 19.IV.2013 (G.D. Alpert) (MCZC: 3w); KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: Al Baha Province, Al Mukhwah, Dhi Ayn Archeological village, 19.929417°N, 41.441722°E, 741 m, 18.V.2010, (M. R. Sharaf) (KSMA: 3w); Elqamh park, Baljurshi, 19.913056°N, 41.905°E, alt. 1931 m, 17.V.2010, (M. R. Sharaf) (KSMA: 1w). Asir Province, Khamis Mushayt, W. Ben Hashbal, 18.594806°N, 42.650361°E, 1892 m, 26.IV.2011, (M. R. Sharaf) (KSMA: 6w); ZIMBABWE: Zebra Island, south side, -16.573, 28. 901, 12.V.2012 (J.K. Wetterer) (FHGC: 1w).</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>The following character combination distinguishes N. angulatus from the other members of the group in the Arabian Peninsula: third mandibular tooth relatively larger and better developed; anterior clypeal lobe always conspicuously developed, convex and rounded, never with a small median triangular projection; clypeus with median longitudinal carina; pronotum anterodorsally without sharp, dentate corners; in profile mesosomal dorsum forming a single, uninterrupted flat surface without any trace of metanotal groove; petiole with very well developed node.</p> <p>Worker measurements</p> <p>(n=19). HL 0.70-0.91; HW 0.55-0.71; SL 0.50-0.67; EL 0.17-0.22; PH 0.26-0.41; PW 0.37-0.57; WL 0.75-1.21; PSL 0.05-0.14; PTL 0.17-0.27; PTH 0.20-0.34; PTW 0.20-0.34; PPL 0.15-0.26; PPH 0.17-0.30; PPW 0.25 -0.40; OI 27-35; SI 88-97; CI 76-86; DMI 44-56; LMI 30-37; PSLI 6-16; LPeI 57-88; DPeI 114-137; LPpI 68-91; DPpI 154-188; PPI 111-160.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>As already pointed out by Hita Garcia et al. (2017), this species has the widest distribution of any species of the N. angulatus group, and is certainly the most widespread Nesomyrmex species worldwide. Nesomyrmex angulatus has been reported from most African countries, as well as on the Arabian Peninsula and most of the Malagasy Region. The species seems to prefer comparatively arid environments and is predominantly found in cavities of dead wood, trunk of trees, lower vegetation and rarely on the ground (Bolton 1982; Mbanyana and Robertson 2008).</p> <p>Comments.</p> <p>This species exhibits remarkable variability throughout its distributional range, most notably in the shape of the petiolar node (Bolton 1982, Hita Garcia et al. 2017), but it is also relatively variable in body size and eye size. It is likely that the material currently understood to be N. angulatus is actually a complex of cryptic species. However, in order to examine this question in detail it would be necessary to gather substantial material from throughout its whole distribution range from numerous museum collections. Despite that this is a highly desirable undertaking; it is outside the scope of the current study that focuses on the Arabian fauna only.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C35B7839F2D262ED82FE5A9B68A91580	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Akbar, Shahid Ali;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.;Garcia, Francisco Hita	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Akbar, Shahid Ali, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., Garcia, Francisco Hita (2017): Review of the ant genus Nesomyrmex Wheeler, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from the Arabian Peninsula. African Invertebrates 58 (2): 21-37, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.58.12782, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.58.12782
F4A56930A8FB03130B0D3D7A8C7EBD9F.text	F4A56930A8FB03130B0D3D7A8C7EBD9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nesomyrmex humerosus (Emery 1896) Emery 1896	<div><p>Nesomyrmex humerosus (Emery, 1896) Figs 2A, B, 5</p> <p>Leptothorax (Goniothorax) humerosus Emery, 1896: 62 (w.) EAST AFRICA (no locality given, very likely KENYA). [Combination in Nesomyrmex: Bolton 2003: 272. See also: Bolton 1982: 329; Hita Garcia et al. 2017: 8].</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>KENYA: Coast Province, Malindi, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, -3.321, 39.929, 50 m, coastal dry forest, VI.2009 (F. Hita Garcia &amp; G. Fischer) (FHGC: 3w, 1q).</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>The following character combination distinguishes N. humerosus from the other members of the group in the Arabian Peninsula: anterior clypeal lobe short, flat-margined, and never convex, with small median triangular projection; clypeus without median longitudinal carina; pronotum anterodorsally sharply marginate, with sharp, dentate corners; in profile mesosomal outline conspicuously concave; petiole barrel-shaped with very weakly developed, short and triangular petiolar node.</p> <p>Worker measurements</p> <p>(n=3). HL 0.74-0.75; HW 0.70-0.71; SL 0.58-0.59; EL 0.27-0.28; PH 0.34-0.35; PW 0.52-0.53; WL 0.89-0.92; PSL 0.19-0.20; PTL 0.12-0.13; PTH 0.24-0.25; PTW 0.21-0.22; PPL 0.15-0.16; PPH 0.21-0.22; PPW 0.33-0.34; OI 39; SI 83; CI 95; DMI 58; LMI 38; PSLI 26-27; LPeI 50-52; DPeI 169-175; LPpI 71-73; DPpI 213-220; PPI 155-157.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Nesomyrmex humerosus is currently only known to occur in Kenya, Tanzania, and Yemen. Very little is known about the biology of the species. Rarely collected species seems to live on vegetation but has also been sampled from the ground (Hita Garcia et al. 2017).</p> <p>Comments.</p> <p>Nesomyrmex humerosus is the only member of the N. humerosus group and possesses an unusual character combination for an Afrotropical species due to its flat anterior clypeal margin, dentate pronotum, and barrel-shaped petiole. For more details see Hita Garcia et al. (2017). This species has been infrequently collected and is apparently known from four separate collections. More intensive sampling in East Africa and Yemen should yield more material. It is noteworthy that we were not able to examine any material of this species from Yemen and all our knowledge of the species is based on literature (Collingwood and Agosti 1996, Borowiec 2014).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4A56930A8FB03130B0D3D7A8C7EBD9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Akbar, Shahid Ali;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.;Garcia, Francisco Hita	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Akbar, Shahid Ali, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., Garcia, Francisco Hita (2017): Review of the ant genus Nesomyrmex Wheeler, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from the Arabian Peninsula. African Invertebrates 58 (2): 21-37, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.58.12782, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.58.12782
2676121E83A9A3B6C9FF05B799E278B3.text	2676121E83A9A3B6C9FF05B799E278B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nesomyrmex zaheri Wheeler 1910	<div><p>Nesomyrmex zaheri Sharaf, Akbar &amp; Hita Garcia sp. n. Figs 3B, 6</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>Holotype, pinned worker, YEMEN: Al Kawd, 13.088622° N, 45.364722° E, light-trap, 6770, 07.IX.2001, (A. van Harten) (WMLC: CASENT0906379).</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>The following character combination separates N. zaheri from the other Nesomyrmex species known from the Arabian Peninsula: third mandibular tooth relatively smaller and reduced; anterior clypeal lobe always conspicuously developed, convex and rounded, never with a small median triangular projection; pronotum anterodorsally without sharp, dentate corners; clypeus without median longitudinal carina; in profile mesosomal dorsum forming a single, uninterrupted flat surface without any trace of metanotal groove; petiole with very well developed node.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Holotype worker measurements. HL 0.71; HW 0.55; SL 0.49; EL 0.17; PH 0.30; PW 0.42; WL 0.83; PSL 0.07; PTL 0.17; PTH 0.21; PTW 0.18; PPL 0.12; PPH 0.21; PPW 0.24; OI 31; SI 89; CI 77; DMI 51; LMI 36; PSLI 10; LPeI 81; DPeI 106; LPpI 57; DPpI 200; PPI 133.</p> <p>Head. Masticatory margin of mandible with four teeth, decreasing in size from largest, acute apical tooth to smallest basal denticle; clypeus smoothly arched-convex and without a small median triangular projection; head in full-face view appearing almost rectangular, longer than broad (CI 77), sides of head almost straight, broader posteriorly behind eye level and narrowest directly behind posterior eye margin; posterior head margin slightly concave medially; frontal carinae and antennal scrobes absent; antennal scapes short, not reaching posterior head margin (SI 89). Eyes of moderate size (OI 31), with eight to nine ommatidia in the longest row.</p> <p>Mesosoma. In lateral view mesosomal outline relatively low (LMI 36) and flat without any metanotal groove; promesonotal suture present laterally and completely absent dorsally; pronotum marginate between lateral and dorsal mesosoma, anterodorsal corners slightly denticulate; propodeum armed with short propodeal teeth (PSLI 10); propodeal lobes moderately developed and rounded.</p> <p>Waist segments and gaster. Petiolar peduncle moderate short; in profile petiolar node relatively high and narrowing from base to apex, around 1.2 times as high as long (LPeI 81); anterior and petiolar faces truncate; node in dorsal view weakly wider than long (DPeI 106) and denticulate; in profile postpetiole globular, about 1.8 times as high as long (LPpI 57); in dorsal view about twice as wide as long (DPpI 200); postpetiole in dorsal view around 1.3 times as wide as petiolar node (PPI 133).</p> <p>Sculpture. Mandibles shagreened with prominent but weak, irregular, longitudinal rugulae; median clypeal carina absent, two lateral, longitudinal, rugae on each side; cephalic dorsum posteriorly and laterally weekly reticulate-rugose, medially mostly with conspicuously reticulate-punctulate ground sculpture; mesosoma laterally and dorsally with distinct reticulate-punctulate ground sculpture, lateral mesosoma also with few conspicuously longitudinal rugae; dorsum reticulate-rugose with some irregular, longitudinal elements medially; legs unsculptured, smooth and shining; petiole and postpetiole with prominent reticulate-rugose sculpture superimposed on reticulate-punctulate ground sculpture; gastral tergites mostly smooth and shiny.</p> <p>Pilosity and pubescence. Head, mesosoma, waist segments and gaster dorsally with stout, erect, blunt, and moderately short pilosity; head laterally and ventrally with short appressed to decumbent pubescence; pubescence on mesosoma and waist segments sparse to absent; gastral tergites with short appressed to decumbent pubescence.</p> <p>Coloration. Body uniformly light brown with head darker and the appendages lighter in colouration.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The patronym zaheri has been selected to honor the late famous Egyptian Qura’an reader Sheikh Abdel-Azim Zaher (1904-1971).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>At present the new species is only known from the type locality, which is located near the Indian Ocean in southwestern Yemen near Aden. Nothing is known about the biology or nesting behavior of the species.</p> <p>Comments.</p> <p>The new species is clearly a member of the N. angulatus species group sensu Hita Garcia et al. (2017). It is the third species known from the Arabian Peninsula and can be well separated from the other two species by the characters given in the key. Nesomyrmex zaheri can be easily distinguished from N. humerosus. However, N. zaheri and N. angulatus are morphologically very similar and differ only by a few morphological characters. As noted above, N. zaheri differs from N. angulatus by the lack of a median clypeal carina and a much shorter third mandibular tooth. In addition, N. zaheri has a slightly wider (DPpI 200 vs. 154-188) and higher (LPpI 57 vs. 68-91) postpetiole. These measurements may be found to overlap if additional specimens of N. zaheri become available. It is possible that the holotype of N. zaheri may be a geographical variant of the widespread N. angulatus. However, we examined several hundred N. angulatus from throughout its recognized geographical distribution and all specimens possessed a median clypeal carina, a character, which is usually stable in ants.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2676121E83A9A3B6C9FF05B799E278B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Akbar, Shahid Ali;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.;Garcia, Francisco Hita	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Akbar, Shahid Ali, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., Garcia, Francisco Hita (2017): Review of the ant genus Nesomyrmex Wheeler, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from the Arabian Peninsula. African Invertebrates 58 (2): 21-37, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.58.12782, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.58.12782
