taxonID	type	description	language	source
3771EEAE67755060B42FEFBCE79E2685.taxon	description	Figures 5, 9, 15 - 16, 54 - 57, 58, 59 - 66, 67 - 72.	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
3771EEAE67755060B42FEFBCE79E2685.taxon	description	Description. Color of body: dark brown to black. Color of legs: coxae and femora brown; trochanters, tibiae and tarsi yellow to pale brown. Color of antenna in female: yellow to pale brown, A 9 - A 12 generally darker than preceding antennomeres. Head: Number of mandibular teeth: 2. Shape of mandibular teeth: large, teeth roughly equal in size. Shape of clypeus: projecting ventrally, apex flat to convex, with sharp lateral corners. Number of clypeal setae: 6. Epiclypeal carina: absent. Facial striae: present as lines of microsculpture. Central keel: present. Line of setae above interantennal process: absent. Malar striae: present as lines of microsculpture. Genal carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Anterior margin of occipital carina on gena: smooth. Occipital carina: present dorsally and in ventral portion of gena, absent or weakened posterodorsal to compound eye. Mesosoma: Epomial carina: absent. Sculpture of lateral pronotum: reticulate microsculpture. Netrion sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: reticulate microsculpture. Sculpture of mesoscutellar disc: reticulate microsculpture. Posterior mesoscutellar sulcus: foveate. Posterior margin of mesoscutellum: extending over metanotum, metascutellum not visible in dorsal view. Posterior margin of metascutellum: slightly convex. Sculpture on posteroventral surface metascutellum: weakly rugulose. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Length of postmarginal vein in fore wing: about 1.5 times as long as stigmal vein. Length of marginal vein in fore wing: about half as long as stigmal vein. Wing color: hyaline with transverse band of infuscation posterior to marginal vein. Shape of submarginal vein: straight in basal 4 / 5, with dip proximal to reaching wing margin. Lateral propodeal carina: continuous across posterior propodeum, forming flange around metasomal depression. Sculpture of metasomal depression: weakly rugulose. Sulcus of the propodeal foramen: foveate dorsally, absent ventrally. Cells or foveae along ventral margin of mesopleural carina: absent. Posterior limit of acetabulum: acetabular carina intersecting with ventral mesopleural carina. Postacetabular sulcus: foveate. Mesopleural epicoxal sulcus: foveate. Episternal foveae: present. Mesopleural carina: absent; present only at ventral apex of femoral depression. Sculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: reticulate microsculpture. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Sculpture of speculum: finely striate. Shape of subalar pit: circular. Mesepimeral sulcus: comprised of transverse foveae, foveae absent or reduced in size posterior to speculum. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Paracoxal sulcus: indicated by transverse foveae, extending below metapleural pit but not to ventral margin of metapleuron. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: indicated by crenulae or indistinguishable from rugose sculpture. Metapleural structure: not divided into anterior and posterior areas. Sculpture of dorsal metapleural area: transversely striate. Sculpture of ventral metapleural area: irregularly rugose. Metasoma: Macrosculpture of T 1: longitudinally striate, smooth along posterior margin. Setation of T 1: present lateral and posterior to lateral pit of T 1. Setation of T 2 - T 5: dense in lateral part of tergite, absent medially except for a transverse line of sparse setae along posterior margin. Posterior margin of T 6: concave. Sculpture of T 2 - T 4: finely reticulate with a smooth band along posterior margin. Sculpture of S 2: finely reticulate. Setation of laterotergites: present. Transverse sulcus on anterior S 2: present as a line of small foveae.	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
3771EEAE67755060B42FEFBCE79E2685.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet " Gryon aetherium " derives from Latin, meaning of the sky or heavens, and refers to the unexpected appearance of this species in North America, far from its native range.	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
3771EEAE67755060B42FEFBCE79E2685.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Gryon aetherium is best separated from other Gryon species by the following characters: mesopleural carina entirely absent or present only at ventral apex of mesopleuron; posterior margin of mesoscutellum protruding posteriorly, concealing metascutellum and metanotal trough in dorsal view; mesopleuron with two episternal foveae; foveae of mesepimeral sulcus attenuating in size dorsally, foveae small or undefined posterior to speculum; acetabular carina and ventral mesopleural carina intersecting ventrally; metapleuron not transversely striate throughout; fore wing with infuscation posterior to marginal vein; hind tibia with four subgenual spines; lateral propodeal carina horizontal, extending laterally to metapleural carina. In North America, Gryon aetherium is most similar to G. myrmecophilum, from which it is most easily separated by the mesopleural carina: complete in G. myrmecophilum, extending from the posteroventral apex of the femoral depression to the anterior margin of the mesopleuron; absent or present only at ventral apex of mesopleuron in G. aetherium. This character also serves well to separate G. aetherium from G. gonikopalense (Figures 77 - 78) G. fasciatum (73 - 76), and G. oligomerum Kononova, which are Old World species that are very similar to G. aetherium but have a complete mesopleural carina.	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
3771EEAE67755060B42FEFBCE79E2685.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype, female: Pakistan: Punjab, Toba Tek Singh, Dabanwala leg. R. Mahmood, coll. 5 - 9. IV. 2016, ex. eggs Bagrada hilaris 11 - V- 2016 on mustard, introduced to quarantine for EBCL colony, PP 8, USNMENT 01335778 (deposited in USNM). Paratypes (72 females, 37 males): Mexico: 9 females, 3 males, FSCA 000900442 - 00090443, 000900446 - 00090447, 000900468 - 00090475 (FSCA). Pakistan: 19 females, 8 males, FSCA 00033215 - 00091216, 00091221, 00094940 - 00094944, 00094984 - 00094992; USNMENT 00989933, 01109043, 01109046 - 01109047, 01109049, 01109052, 01109054 - 01109155, 01335774, 01335776 (USNM). United States: 44 females, 26 males, FSCA 00033319, 00090933, 00091210, 00091217,00091930, 00094869, 00094871, 00094873 - 00094874, 00094877, 00094885, 00094899, 00094901 - 00094903, 00094945 - 00094981, 00094983, 00094993 - 00095009 (FSCA).	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
ACE9A422F7175789A46E8B56CBB8078F.taxon	description	Figures 113 - 116	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
603C26415CC95D24BFA0A87979E53C69.taxon	description	Figures 51 - 53	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
68BBFCF513665F119534A164C4DAA9B3.taxon	description	Figures 41 - 46	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
643610A4759F5A35B68635DEB8346BD4.taxon	description	Figures 29 - 34	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
EB18D036AE7A561FB622522DB04BA375.taxon	description	Figures 73 - 76	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
ED1F8773D5C05A1E958EFAF6D0F9DF35.taxon	description	Figures 77 - 78	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
40AD64F3ABCA5CEC934FFAEB4F0B5B4B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head with coriaceous microsculpture throughout; mandibles usually bidentate with teeth large and roughly equal in size, sometimes tridentate with medial tooth the smallest; clypeus projecting, typically with pointed corners; ventral frons sometimes with weakly indicated facial striae; central keel present or absent; antennal scrobe convex to concave, without transverse rugae or striation, never delimited by carinae; female antenna with ten flagellomeres (nine in G. paradigma) and four clavomeres (three in G. moczari); mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with coriaceous microsculpture throughout, occasionally with longitudinal striation or microsculpture in the form of transverse waves; epomial carina absent or weakly developed; netrion absent; mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus absent; mesoscutal humeral sulcus absent or indicated by a smooth furrow; mesoscutum without humeral pit (sensu Chen et al., 2020); axillula obliquely striate; metapleuron with 1 - 3 setae in anterodorsal corner, sometimes with a single seta in dorsal metapleural area, otherwise glabrous; metapleuron undivided dorsoventrally by a change in sculpture or setation; hind tibia with one or two pairs of subgenual spines; foveae along anterior T 1 roughly equal in size, ending in a sublateral carina followed by a lateral pit. The two most unusual species, as far as diagnostic characters are concerned, are G. moczari and G. paradigma. The former is discussed in the comments section for the synonymy of Hungarogryon. Gryon paradigma is unusual in that the females have eleven antennomeres instead of twelve, the ventrolateral corners of the clypeus are not pointed, and the axillular striae are wavy and irregular (Figures 26 - 28). This species otherwise complies with the diagnosis above and we consider it to be a derived species of Gryon.	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
193A5410C8DF5142BA52BE5EA87F1A0C.taxon	description	Figures 21, 22 - 23, 24 - 25	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
3CC2A0DAB3F254DB9492CC3C803B378A.taxon	description	Figures 35 - 40; Holotype images in MBD: Hym. Typ. No. 9634, Mus. Budapest	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
F070941DF8FA56CAB4AF23018FA75F9B.taxon	description	Figures 83 - 87	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
BD651A0641AE536083833358ABB9D20D.taxon	description	Figure 11	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
8F262AD752325B1B80F7C78C4024F0A3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sculpture of head and mesosoma highly variable, ranging from coriaceous microsculpture to coarsely areolate or rugose; mandibular dentition variable, teeth of unequal size; clypeus not projecting; ventral frons without facial striae; antennal scrobe with macrosculpture ranging from transversely striate to areolate rugose; antennal scrobe often delimited by carinae; female antenna with 10 flagellomeres, four to seven clavomeres; sculpture of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum variable, ranging from coriaceous microsculpture to coarsely areolate, striate or rugose; epomial carina variable, sometimes extending dorsally to pronotal shoulder; netrion absent; mesoscutal humeral sulcus and mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus variable: absent or indicated by a furrow or line of foveae; mesoscutum with or without humeral pit; sculpture of axillula variable, sometimes with parallel carina between coarse foveae, but not distinctly striate; metapleuron divided dorsoventrally by a change in sculpture or setation; hind tibia without subgenual spines; foveae along anterior T 1 decreasing in size laterally, not bordered laterally by a carina or pit. Comments. Hadronotus is morphologically variable and to our knowledge is not united by any single character.	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
6467D3D06DBF5C8BA0ACB9C23A1911BB.taxon	description	Figure 10	en	Talamas, Elijah J., Bremer, Jonathan S., Moore, Matthew R., Bon, Marie-Claude, Lahey, Zachary, Roberts, Cheryl G., Combee, Lynn A., McGathey, Natalie, van Noort, Simon, Timokhov, Alexander V., Hougardy, Evelyne, Hogg, Brian (2021): ? A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323-480, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842
