identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FA31F32DA2FF529FB8D9330ED001952E.text	FA31F32DA2FF529FB8D9330ED001952E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rubus longistipularis Espinel-Ortiz & Romol. 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rubus longistipularis Espinel-Ortiz &amp; Romol. sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 1, 2, 3</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Rubus longistipularis is characterised by its villous to pannose white pubescence in branches, stipules, petioles, and leaves, and pannose and sericeous pubescence in sepals, its long (20.0-34.7 mm) stipules, 15-27 secondary veins on leaflets, flowers with deeply concave, pink petals with fuchsia borders, and fruits with up to 195 small drupelets (1.5-3.1  × 0.9-2.5 mm). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>
                  Ecuador. Pichincha:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.642784/lat -0.029783333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.642784&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.029783333">Nono-Tandayapa</a>
                 road, between km 116-117, 00°01.787'S, 78°38.567'W, 1950 m, 26 Jul 2021 (fl, fr), D. Espinel-Ortiz &amp; H.G. Abad 281 (holotype: QCA (QCA-243418 and QCA-7010714 to QCA-7010723); isotypes: HA, HUTI, QAP)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Scandent or climbing shrub, growing up to more than 3 m over the vegetation, glaucous pubescence all over the plant, with all prickles, from the base ⅓-⅔ villous, and glabrous towards the apex, rarely with subsessile glands. Branches obtuse-angled, woody, light greenish-white when young to dark brown when old, villous to pannose, 3.7-7.2 mm diam., with scattered sessile and subsessile glands; sparsely prickly, unarmed or with up to 4 prickles (per total area of 5 cm long of the branch), falcate, 2.6-5.3  × 3.1-7.9 mm. Stipules asymmetrically, anguste subulate, (14.7-) 20.0-34.7  × 1.7-3.3 mm, margin entire, chartaceous; adaxial surface villous on the midvein and towards the margin, rarely with subsessile glands towards the margin; abaxial surface sparsely pannose to villous with scattered subsessile glands. Petioles (3.96-) 9.61-12.2 cm long, villous to pannose with scattered long hairs, especially towards the leaf blade or when young, with (1-) 3-8 (-12) prickles, falcate, 2.0-4.5  × 2.0-5.8 mm; lateral petiolules (2.5-) 6.4-14.7 (16.3-) mm long, unarmed or with up to 4 prickles, falcate, 1.2-1.9  × 1.7-3.0 mm; terminal petiolules (1.0-) 2.4-8.3 cm long, with (2-) 5-15 prickles, falcate, 1.5-3.1  × 1.7-5.4 mm. Leaves trifoliate, rarely 4-5-foliolate; leaflets ovate to elliptic, base rounded to obtuse, or subcordate, apex acuminate to slightly apiculate, margin serrulate, lateral leaflets (4.5-) 6.4-14.4  × (2.5-) 3.6-7.9 cm, terminal leaflet (5.9-) 8.5-17.0  × (3.2-) 4.2-9.6 cm, chartaceous, with (11-) 15-27 secondary veins; adaxial surface sparsely hirsute on the midvein, and sparsely pilose mainly on secondary veins and slightly tomentose towards the border, with scattered orange to red sessile and subsessile glands, unarmed; abaxial surface sparsely villous on the midvein and secondary veins, and pannose, with scattered orange to red subsessile glands on the veins, and 2-18 prickles on the primary vein, falcate, 0.2-2.5  × 0.5-3.6 mm. Inflorescences lax, compound, terminal and axillary cymes, 23-106-flowered, 9.6-32.5 cm long, with simple or trifoliate leaves below; peduncles terete, white to slightly brownish, (9.5-) 14.2-66.1 (-81.0) mm long, pannose, eglandular, unarmed or with up to 3 prickles, falcate, 0.5-1.7  × 0.8-2.3 mm; pedicels terete, white, pannose and slightly sericeous, 5.6-16.8 (-23.3) mm long, eglandular, unarmed or with up to 14 prickles, triangular to falcate, 0.2-1.5  × 0.1-1.8 mm. Flowers 17.5-24.0 mm diam.; sepals 5, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, margin involute, 8.8-11.9  × 4.0-5.8 mm, light greenish-grey to greenish-white, acrescent; adaxial surface deeply concave, sericeous, and pannose towards the apex and the margin, eglandular, unarmed; abaxial surface deeply convex, shortly lanate and slightly tomentose towards the apex, eglandular, unarmed; petals 5, broadly elliptic to broadly obovate, margin entire, 8.8-12.7  × 9.8-12.6 mm, fuchsia when opening, completely pink or pink with fuchsia borders when fully opened, glabrous, eglandular, adaxial surface deeply concave, abaxial surface deeply convex; stamens with anthers glabrous, filaments fuchsia, glabrous; pistils, stigmas and styles glabrous, ovaries densely villous. Fruits green to dark red when immature, and black at maturity, ovoid to oval, 11.5-23.9  × 8.0-17.1 mm (when fresh); drupelets 50-195 per receptacle, 1.5-3.1  × 0.9-2.5 mm (when fresh), sparsely villous and deeply villous towards the apex. </p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes).</p>
            <p> Ecuador. - Santo Domingo de los  Tsáchilas : Chillogallo-Santo Domingo road, below Chiriboga, 00°15.000'S, 78°47.000'W, 2000 m, 13 Aug 1980 (fl), L. Holm-Nielsen, B.  Øllgaard &amp; C. Sperling 24755 (AAU). - Imbabura: Cuicocha-Apuela road, km 28, disturbed cloud forest, 00°22.000'N, 78°28.000'W, 2480-2670 m, 05 Oct 1984 (fl), P.M.  Jørgensen &amp; S.S. Vire 56085 (AAU, QCA (QCA-91776), QCNE (QCNE-12185)). - Pichincha: Quito, west side from Pelagallo, sendero Guantopungo-Chichipunta trail, 00°04.400'N, 78°34.470'W, 2432 m, 25 Sep 2021 (fl, fr), C.E.  Cerón , C.I. Reyes 89354 (QAP (QAP-107614 and QAP-107574)); Quito, Nanegalito,  Golán , road between  Edén Mágico and Ecological Reserve San Luis, 00°04.460'N, 78°33.340'W, 2300-2500 m, 06 Feb 2021 (fr), C.E.  Cerón , C.I. Reyes &amp; C. Bacuilima 87651 (QAP (QAP-106251), QCA (QCA-243453)); Quito, Nanegalito,  Golán , near Mrs Margarita Bacuilima property, 00°05.370'N, 78°33.420'W, 2281 m, 26 Apr 2021, C.E.  Cerón , C.I. Reyes &amp; J. Bacuilima 88206 (QAP (QAP-106667)); Quito, Nanegalito,  Golán , road between  Edén Mágico-El Alí , 0 0°06.260'N, 78°33.140'W, 2603 m, 18 May 2021, C.E.  Cerón , C.I. Reyes &amp; C. Bacuilima 88386 (QAP (QAP-105946)); Quito, Nanegalito, El Porvenir, near Guerrero family property, 00°06.190'N, 78°33.240'W, 2427-2500 m, 21 Aug 2021 (fr, fl), C.E.  Cerón , C.I. Reyes y J. Bacuilima 89113 (QAP (QAP-107423), QCA (QCA-243441), QCNE); Orchid Reserve Pahuma, Chorrera trail, 00°01.000'N, 78°38.000'W, 2000-2500 m, 08 Sep 1996 (fl), C.E.  Cerón &amp; E. Freire 32387 (QAP (QAP-25420)); Tandayapa-Tambo-Nono road, disturbed cloud forest, 00°01.429'S, 78°38.630'W, 1974 m, 05 Mar 2021, D. Espinel-Ortiz &amp; C. Restrepo 276 (QCA (QCA-243396, QCA-7010701 and QCA-7010702)); Nono-Tandayapa road, between km 117-118, 00°01.967'S, 78°38.491'W, 1925 m, 29 Oct 2021 (fr), D. Espinel-Ortiz &amp; C. Restrepo 296 (QCA); Nono-Tandayapa road, between km 123-124, 00°02.533'S, 78°38.204'W, 2125 m, 02 Aug 2021 (fl, fr), D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; A. Sanguano 285 (QCA (QCA-243397 and QCA-7010703)); same locality as for preceding, 00°02.539'S, 78°38.215'W, 2091 m, 21 Oct 2021 (fr), D. Espinel-Ortiz &amp; H.G. Abad 294 (HUTI, QAP, QCA (QCA-243454, QCA-7010752 and QCA-7010752), QCNE); same locality as for preceding, 00°02.525'S, 78°38.210'W, 2091 m, 21 Oct 2021 (fr), D. Espinel-Ortiz &amp; H.G. Abad 295 (QCA (QCA-243452)); Quito-Chiriboga road, 2 km after  Corazón Station of Petroecuador, 00°16.814'S, 78°42.067'W, 2399 m, 13 Dec 2020, D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; C.  García 262 (QCA (QCA-243398, QCA-7010704 to QCA-7010709), QUSF); same locality as for preceding, 00°16.804'S, 78°42.144'W, alt. 2377 m, 13 Dec 2020, D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; C.  García 264 (LOJA, QCA (QCA-243390)); same locality as for preceding, 00°16.809'S, 78°42.142'W, 2355 m, 28 Jan 2021, D. Espinel-Ortiz &amp; C. Restrepo 268 (QCA (QCA-243395 and QCA-7010700)). - Cotopaxi: Campo Alegre, ca. 20 km NE of Sigchos, 00°35.050'S, 78°47.600'W, 2614 m, 11 Jul 2003 (fl, fr), J. Ramos, L. Ramos, A. Tigse &amp; R. Tigse 5801 (MO, QCA (QCA-137959), QCNE (QCNE-200267)). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Rubus longistipularis is distributed in the north of the Ecuadorian Western-Cordillera from 1900 to 2700 m a.s.l., in the provinces of Santo Domingo de los  Tsáchilas , Imbabura, Pichincha and Cotopaxi (Fig. 4). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p> This species occurs in  Chocó Andino montane cloud forests dominated by trees and shrubs and also in nearby disturbed areas.  Rubus longistipularis can be found living in sympatry with  Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.,  R. boliviensis Focke,  R. glaucus Benth.,  R. niveus Thunb. and  R. urticifolius Poir. As branches grow older, they may become glabrescent and lose prickles and stipules. In some flowers, two sepals may be united in the apex, but they separate completely when fruiting occurs. Since flower blossoming, it takes about three months for the fruits to appear and ripen. Flowering and fruiting collections dated from the months of February, July, August, September and October. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet refers to the long (20.0-34.7 mm) asymmetrically, anguste subulate stipules.</p>
            <p>Preliminary assessment of conservation status.</p>
            <p> Rubus longistipularis is known from five localities, impacted by human activities, including regression to agriculture and road openings. Following the IUCN (2019) guidelines, based on the geographic distribution and altered land use at the localities, this species should be categorised as least concern (LC). </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Rubus longistipularis may resemble  R. boliviensis by its habit and big leaves, but differs from this species by its white villous to pannose branches, in contrast with the pannose, pilose or puberulent to glabrescent branches of  R. boliviensis . Moreover,  R. longistipularis has trifoliate leaves with ovate to elliptic leaflets while  R. boliviensis has 5-foliolate leaves with ovate-elliptic leaflets. Furthermore,  R. longistipularis has fruits with more (50-195) and narrower (1.5-3.1  × 0.9-2.5 mm) drupelets while  R. boliviensis has fruits with fewer (20-50) and wider (2.0-3.0  × 2.0-3.0 mm) drupelets.  Rubus longistipularis resembles  R. glaucus by its habit, trifoliate leaves and fruits, but differs by its white villous to pannose branches, pannose and slightly sericeous pedicels and bigger petals (8.8-12.7  × 9.8-12.6 mm) compared to the glabrous and pruinose branches, glabrous pedicels and smaller petals (7.0-10.0  × 5.0-8.0 mm) of the latter. Moreover,  R. longistipularis differs from both species by its longer stipule (20.0-34.7  × 1.7-3.3 mm), in contrast with the smaller stipules of  R. boliviensis (6.0-10.0  × 1.0-2.0 mm) and  R. glaucus (5.0-12.0  × 0.3-0.8 mm). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA31F32DA2FF529FB8D9330ED001952E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Espinel-Ortiz, David A.;Romoleroux, Katya	Espinel-Ortiz, David A., Romoleroux, Katya (2021): Two new species of Rubus L. (Rosaceae) from the western Andes of Ecuador. PhytoKeys 187: 141-159, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.76963, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.76963
2869AA81E19659EBBD65FDFFB6F8BD1B.text	2869AA81E19659EBBD65FDFFB6F8BD1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rubus longistipularis subsp. x var. boliviensis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Rubus longistipularis 
x
Rubus boliviensis
</p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Ecuador. - Imbabura: Cotacachi, road Cuicocha-Apuela,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.49835/lat 0.36376667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.49835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.36376667">
Comuna Santa 
Rosa-Pucara</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.49835/lat 0.36376667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.49835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.36376667">Apuela</a>
                 entrance, 00°21.826'N, 78°29.901'W, 1998 m, 28 Nov 2020, D. Espinel-Ortiz, M.P. Ortiz, M.A. Espinel-Ortiz y C. Castillo 260 (QCA (QCA-243440, QCA-7010741 and QCA-7010742))  . -   Pichincha:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.642784/lat -0.029783333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.642784&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.029783333">Nono-Tandayapa</a>
                 road, between km 116-117, 00°01.787'S, 78°38.567'W, 1950 m, 02 Aug 2021, D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; A. Sanguano 286 (HA, HUTI, QCA (QCA-243438 and QCA-7010738 to QCA-7010740))  . 
            </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> The above specimens may be hybrids between  Rubus longistipularis and  R. boliviensis . Both samples were collected in places where both species coexist and showed mixed characteristics from both species. For instance, the stipules of samples D. Espinel-Ortiz et al. 260 and D. Espinel-Ortiz et al. 286 were shorter (10.8-18.2 mm) and narrower (0.7-1.7 mm) than those of  R. longistipularis (20.0-34.7  × 1.7-3.3 mm), but longer and wider if compared to those of  R. boliviensis (6.0-10.0  × 1.0-2.0 mm). Furthermore, both samples showed sparsely pilose to pilose leaf margins and deeply villous to slightly pannose leaf abaxial surface, whereas  R. longistipularis has tomentose leaf margins and pannose leaf abaxial surface, and  R. boliviensis has glabrous leaf margin and densely villous leaf abaxial surface. The prickles from both samples were from the base ⅓-⅔ sparsely villous and glabrous towards the apex, while that of  R. longistipularis is villous, and that of  R. boliviensis is from the base ⅓ sparsely pilose to glabrous. Finally, sample D. Espinel-Ortiz et al. 286 showed mainly 3-5-foliolate leaves, while  R. longistipularis has mainly trifoliate leaves and  R. boliviensis has 3-5-foliolate leaves. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2869AA81E19659EBBD65FDFFB6F8BD1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Espinel-Ortiz, David A.;Romoleroux, Katya	Espinel-Ortiz, David A., Romoleroux, Katya (2021): Two new species of Rubus L. (Rosaceae) from the western Andes of Ecuador. PhytoKeys 187: 141-159, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.76963, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.76963
48E1D56864485B4DAFFBC861F4DE4B3A.text	48E1D56864485B4DAFFBC861F4DE4B3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rubus maquipucunensis Espinel-Ortiz & Romol. 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rubus maquipucunensis Espinel-Ortiz &amp; Romol. sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 5, 6, 7</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Rubus maquipucunensis is characterised by its villous to villous-hispid branches, trifoliate leaves with broadly elliptic or broadly ovate to elliptic leaflets, long inflorescences (22.6-59.4 cm long), flowers with fuchsia or pink petals and fuchsia filaments, and fruits with big drupelets (4.0-6.1  × 3.1-5.4 mm). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>
                  Ecuador. Pichincha:  cantón Quito, parroquia Nanegal, in front of the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.62907/lat -0.12428333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.62907&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.12428333">Ecological Reserve
Maquipucuna
</a>
                 entrance, 00°07.457'S, 78°37.744'W, 1278 m, 11 Feb 2021 (fl, fr), D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; A. Sanguano 269 (holotype: QCA (QCA-243282 and QCA-7010670 to QCA-7010679); isotypes: HA, HUTI, LOJA, Q, QCNE)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Woody vine growing up to 20 m long, or climbing shrub. Branches obtuse-angled to slightly terete, woody, green to brown, densely villous to villous-hirsute, 2.0-12.1 mm diam., with scattered subsessile glands; unarmed or with 3-19 prickles (per total area of 5 cm long of the branch), gradually narrowed from a broad base, curved at the apex, 1.0-3.1  × 1.5-5.4 mm, glabrous. Stipules subulate, 3.9-9.2  × 0.1-0.3 mm, chartaceous, villous, with scattered sessile and subsessile glands. Petioles 3.8-10.4 cm long, villous, with (1-) 11-23 (-27) curved prickles 0.5-3.0  × 1.0-4.6 mm; lateral petiolules (3.6-) 9.1-13.8 mm long, unarmed or with up to 9 curved prickles 0.1-0.9  × 0.3-1.4 mm; terminal petiolules (2.3-) 3.6-5.3 cm long, with (4-) 18-35 curved prickles 1.0-2.0  × 0.8-3.6 mm. Leaves trifoliate; leaflets broadly elliptic or broadly ovate to elliptic, base rounded to obtuse or slightly subcordate, apex cuspidate to abruptly acute, margin serrate, lateral leaflets (5.4-) 7.5-12.5 (-17.1)  × (3.4-) 4.1-9.2 (-12.2) cm, terminal leaflet (6.5-) 9.2-14.5 (-18.5)  × (2.9-) 4.7-10.1 (-14.3) cm, chartaceous, with (7-) 11-16 (-18) secondary veins; adaxial surface villous-hirsute on primary and secondary veins with scattered short strigose hairs, or villous-hirsute in the midvein and sparsely adpressed villous in the veins; with subsessile and sessile glands, unarmed; abaxial surface sparsely villous and pilose on veins, or villous on veins and leaf blade with scattered subsessile glands, and (2-) 6-18 (-22) prickles on the primary vein, gradually narrowed from a broad base, straight to curved at the apex, 0.3-1.3  × 0.3-1.9 mm, glabrous. Inflorescences lax, compound, terminal cymes, 36-196-flowered, 22.6-59.4 cm long, with simple or trifoliate leaves below; peduncles terete, slightly light gold, 4.7-36.7 mm long, shortly lanate, with scattered sessile glands, unarmed or with 1-17 prickles, gradually narrowed from a broad base, straight to curved at the apex, 0.1-1.0  × 0.1-1.4 mm, glabrous; pedicels terete, slightly light gold, shortly lanate, 5.7-11.9 (-15.3) mm long, eglandular, unarmed. Flowers 14.2-22.6 mm diam.; sepals 5, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, apex deeply mucronate, margin entire, 3.6-5.6  × 2.9-4.7 mm, tawny brown to ochre, acrescent; adaxial surface deeply concave, pannose, eglandular, unarmed; abaxial surface deeply convex, shortly lanate, and pannose on the margins and towards the apex, eglandular, unarmed; petals 5, broadly obovate, margin entire or erose, 5.6-11.6  × 5.2-10.1 mm, fuchsia when opening, completely pink or white with pink borders when fully opened, glabrous, eglandular, adaxial surface straight to concave, abaxial surface straight to convex; stamens with anthers glabrous, filaments fuchsia, glabrous; pistils, stigmas and styles glabrous, ovaries pilose. Fruits green to dark red when immature, and black at maturity, ovoid-globose, 11.0-14.8  × 12.1-15.6 mm (when fresh); drupelets 14-32 per receptacle, 4.0-6.1  × 3.1-5.4 mm (when fresh), pilose towards the base and apex. </p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes).</p>
            <p>
                  Ecuador. - Santo Domingo de los  Tsáchilas : Old road along Chiriboga,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.833336/lat -0.28333333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.28333333">Quito-Santo Domingo</a>
                 , 1275 m, 08 April 1984 (fl), C.H. Dodson &amp; M. Thurston 14195 (MO (MO-1559904)); old road  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.833336/lat -0.28333333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.28333333">San Juan-Chiriboga</a>
                 , km 60-70, 00°17.000'S, 78°50.000'W, 1000-1500 m, 09 Jan 1993 (fl), K. Romoleroux &amp; A. Freire 1514 (QCA (QCA-92036), QCNE (QCNE-77110))  . -   Pichincha: Near San Florencio, growing in subandes, 1889 (fl), A. Sodiro 410? (Q (Q-3613));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, edge of pasture in secondary rainforest, trail from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Hacienda El Carmen</a>
                 to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Hacienda Esparragos</a>
                 , ca. 6 km airline SE of Nanegal, 00°07.500'N, 78°38.000'W, ca. 1300 m, 11 Sep 1989 (fl, fr), G. Webster, K. Bainard &amp; R. Schilling 27403 (DAV (DAV-331349 and DAV-331350), QCA (QCA-91821), QCNE (QCNE-44060));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, secondary rainforest, trail from Hacienda Esparragos to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Cerro de Sosa</a>
                 , ca. 5 km airline SE of Nanegal, 00°07.000'N, 78°38.000'W, 1400-1500 m, 18 Sep 1989 (fr), G. Webster &amp; M. Rios 27716 (DAV (DAV-331334), QCA (QCA-91761));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, disturbed rainforest along Quebrada de la Cal, 4 km airline SE of Nanegal, 00°07.500'N, 78°38.000'W, 1250 m, 20 Jul 1990 (fl, fr), G. Webster &amp; B. Castro 28351 (DAV (DAV-331347 and DAV-331348), QCNE (QCNE-44101));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Maquipucuna mountains</a>
                 , Cerro Sosa, primary rainforest, 00°05.500'N, 78°37.000'W, 1725 m, 03 Jul 1991 (fl), G. Webster, B. Castro &amp; N. McCarten 28693 (DAV (DAV-331346));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, trail S from Hacienda El Carmen, secondary rainforest, 00°07.000'N, 78°39.000'W, 1300 m, 06 Jul 1992 (fl), G. Webster &amp; UREP participants 29038 (DAV (DAV-331345), QCNE (QCNE-81119));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, disturbed rainforest along trail from guava plantation to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Alambi
river
</a>
                 , 00°07.300'N, 78°38.000'W, 1300-1400 m, 10 Jul 1992 (fl), G. Webster &amp; R. Rhode 29284 (DAV (DAV-331351), QCA (QCA-92244), QCNE (QCNE-75592)); same locality as for preceding, 1200-1400 m, 12 Jul 1992 (fl), P. Delprete &amp; G. Webster 6073 (QCA (QCA-240552));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, trail to Cerro Montecristi, 00°07,070'N, 78°34,000W, 1700 m, 06 Nov 1999 (fl, fr), C.E.  Cerón , R. Arcos, C. Sevilla &amp; A. Mosquera 39731 (QAP (QAP-28345));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, disturbed rainforest along  “Autoguiado’’ trail, 00°07.341'N, 78°37.741'W, 1258 m, 01 Sep 2020, D. Espinel-Ortiz, E.  Bastidas-León &amp; C. Restrepo 239 (QCA (QCA-243392 and QCA-7010699)); same locality as for preceding, 00°07.294'N, 78°37.784'W, 1326 m, 11 Feb 2021 (fl), D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; A. Sanguano 273 (HUTI, QCA (QCA-243371 and QCA-7010694));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, trail to the river after orchid field, 00°07.449'N, 78°37.889'W, 1280 m, 11 Feb 2021, D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; A. Sanguano 270 (QCA (QCA-243372 and QCA-7010695));  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, trail to the river, 00°07.350'N, 78°38.158'W, 1249 m, 11 Feb 2021, D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; A. Sanguano 271 (QCA (QCA-243374)); same locality as for preceding, 00°07.419'N, 78°38.246'W, 1273 m, 11 Feb 2021, D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; A. Sanguano 272 (HA, QCA (QCA-243373 and QCA-7010696)); Marianitas ca. 3 km after the bridge over  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">
river 
Alambi</a>
                 , road to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.646835/lat 0.12443333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.646835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.12443333">Ecological Reserve</a>
                 Maquipucuna, 00°07.466'N, 78°38.810' W, 1239 m, 22 Feb 2021, D. Espinel-Ortiz, C. Restrepo &amp; A. Sanguano 275 (QCA (QCA-243375, QCA-7010697 and QCA-7010698)); same collection data as for holotype, 18 May 2021 (fl), D. Espinel-Ortiz, Restrepo C. &amp; O. Tejada 277 (QCA (QCA-243370))  . 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Rubus maquipucunensis is distributed in the north of the Ecuadorian Western-Cordillera from 1000 to 1725 m a.s.l., in the provinces of Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los  Tsáchilas (Fig. 4). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p> This species occurs in  Chocó Andino rainforests dominated by trees, shrubs, and vines, and also in nearby disturbed areas.  Rubus maquipucunensis can be found living in sympatry with  Rubus urticifolius . As branches grow older, they become glabrescent and lose prickles. Also, young leaves or leaves of juvenile individuals are significantly smaller and may seem different than the mature leaves. Flowering and fruiting branches grow at the top of the plant where more light is available, and it takes more than 15 days for the flowers to bloom. Flowering and fruiting collections dated from January, February, April, May, July, September and November. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet honours the Ecological Reserve Maquipucuna ("Mano amiga" or "Friendly hand" in Kichwa) where a high number of samples were collected, and where this species is protected and easily found.</p>
            <p>Preliminary assessment of conservation status.</p>
            <p> Rubus maquipucunensis is known from three localities of which two are impacted by human activity, including road opening, and the other locality is an Ecological Reserve. Following the IUCN (2019) guidelines, based on the reduced geographic distribution and altered land use, this species should be categorised as vulnerable (VU); at least until other populations are discovered. </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Rubus maquipucunensis may resemble  R. boliviensis by its habit and flowers, and  R. floribundus by its habit and inflorescences, but differs from both species by its villous to villous-hirsute branches, in contrast with the pannose, pilose or puberulent to glabrescent branches of  R. boliviensis , and tomentose to glabrescent branches of  R. floribundus . Moreover,  R. maquipucunensis has trifoliate leaves with broadly elliptic or broadly ovate to elliptic leaflets while  R. boliviensis and  R. floribundus have 5-foliolate leaves with ovate-elliptic leaflets. Furthermore,  R. maquipucunensis has fruits with fewer (14-32) and bigger (4.0-6.1  × 3.1-5.4 mm) drupelets while  R. boliviensis and  R. floribundus have fruits with more (20-50 in  R. boliviensis , and 40-50 in  R. floribundus ) and smaller (2.0-3.0  × 2.0-3.0 mm in  R. boliviensis , and 2.5-4.0  × 2.0-3.0 in  R. floribundus ) drupelets.  Rubus maquipucunensis resembles  R. killipii by its habit and long inflorescences, but differs by its shortly lanate peduncles and pedicels, and fuchsia to pink petals compared to the pannose peduncles and pedicels, and white petals of the latter. In addition,  R. maquipucunensis has trifoliolate leaves while  R. killipii has 5-foliolate leaves. As  R. killipii fruits have not been described yet, they cannot be compared with those of  R. maquipucunensis .  Rubus maquipucunensis resembles  R. selleanus Helwig by its trifoliate leaves with broadly elliptic leaflets, but differs by its longer inflorescences (22.61-59.38 cm) compared to the shorter inflorescences (10-13 cm) of the latter. In addition,  R. maquipucunensis has longer petioles (3.8-10.4 cm), bigger leaflets (7.5-12.5  × 4.1-9.2 cm) and sepals with mucronate apex, while  R. selleanus has shorter petioles (1.5-3.5 cm), smaller leaflets (6-8  × 5.5-7 cm) and sepals with obtuse apex. Finally,  R. maquipucunensis is found in Ecuador whereas  R. selleanus has been recorded only in Hispaniola Island (Haiti and Dominican Republic). </p>
            <p>Possible hybrids</p>
        </div>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48E1D56864485B4DAFFBC861F4DE4B3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Espinel-Ortiz, David A.;Romoleroux, Katya	Espinel-Ortiz, David A., Romoleroux, Katya (2021): Two new species of Rubus L. (Rosaceae) from the western Andes of Ecuador. PhytoKeys 187: 141-159, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.76963, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.76963
