taxonID	type	description	language	source
7A3D585A196EE80821BC682A9C6B26D0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Castianeira rubicunda Keyserling, 1879 (by original designation).	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A196EE80821BC682A9C6B26D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified after Reiskind 1969). PER only slightly wider than AER, AER moderately recurved, PER moderately to slightly procurved; eyes approximately equal but often with AME larger than ALE; thoracic groove usually present, often strong; carapace index of 54 – 76; cephalic region moderately narrow (cephalic index 47 – 73); abdomen with negligible petiole; trochanter IV notch often present and deep (Rubio et al. 2015).	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A196EE80821BC682A9C6B26D0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We do not include characters in our diagnosis that are provided for African (Haddad 2012) or Asian species (Deeleman-Reinhold 2001) of Castianeira that have not been tested on large series of Neotropical specimens. These include the shape of the labium, dorsal sclerite and male palpal cymbium, or the number of femoral spines, as these need to be confirmed for Neotropical species.	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A196EE80921BC6A3F9DB825E3.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 5	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A196EE80921BC6A3F9DB825E3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀: ARGENTINA: Misiones Province, San Ignacio, 1941, leg. Birabén (MACN-Ar 16.570) (examined by photos, Figs 1 A – F). Material examined. PARAGUAY: 4 ♂, 2 juv., Alto Paraguay department, Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco, Madrejón, - 20.633, - 59.866, 10. xi. 1982, “ undisturbed low forest ”, leg. J. A. Kochalka (IBNP-JAK-CR 000.00.2.742); 2 ♀, Alto Paraguay department, Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco, 1 - 6. ix. 1982 (IBNP-JAK-CR 000.00.2.744); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Alto Paraguay department, Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco, Cerro León, - 20.423, - 60.309, 19 – 27. xi. 1984, leg. J. A. Kochalka (IBNP-JAK-CR 000.00.2.747 and IBNP-JAK-CR 000.00.2.748); 3 ♀, Ñeembucú department, Pilar military base, - 26.844, - 58.305, 17. vi. 2020, “ pasture grassland ”, leg. B. L. Pett & V. Vladimirova (CIPLT-Ar 689); 2 ♂, Itapúa department, Distrito Alto Verá, Cangue Cuá, Estancia Mendieta, - 26.578, - 55.653, 9 – 12. ii. 1999, leg. J. A. Kochalka (IBNP-JAK-CR 000.00.2.723). BOLIVIA: 3 ♂, 4 ♀, Santa Cruz department, Santa Cruz de la Colina, Urubo, “ Cerrado-like grassland in urbanization ”, - 17.760, - 63.24, 432 m a. s. l., 21 – 28 Dec. 2019, leg. R. Perger (CBF).	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A196EE80921BC6A3F9DB825E3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The conspecificity of the males and females cited in the material is supported by the collection of a series of male and females co-occurring in the same microhabitats in Paraguayan and Bolivian locations.	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A196EE80921BC6A3F9DB825E3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Castianeira spinipalpis can be distinguished from other known Neotropical Castianeira by the following combination of characters: tibia I with 4 - 4 ventral spines (Figs 2 C, D, 4 B); relatively long and erect setae covering abdomen (Figs 3 A, B, 4 A); eyes all equal and relatively large (i. e. larger eye diameter / cephalic region surface area than other Castianeira) (Fig. 2 B). Males can be recognized by the prolaterally-projected hook-like embolus with four coils (Figs 5 A, B), largest and thickest coil at the basal curvature of the embolus, to very fine coils at apex. Sperm ducts convoluted. Females can be recognized by the ventral spines of tibia I strongly developed (Figs 2 C, 3 B), the conspicuous paddle-shaped ST with wide, longitudinal slit-like CO positioned postero-laterally to ST II (Figs 3 C – F); CDs with one moderately well-sclerotized twist.	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A196EE80921BC6A3F9DB825E3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Castianeira vittatula Roewer, 1951 (replacement name for Castianeira vittata Keyserling, 1891) and C. luteipes Mello-Leitão, 1922 (both species described from Brazil) are the only other new world Castianeira with tibia I ventral spination 4 - 4. These species additionally have erect abdominal setae. However, since the descriptions of those species cite AME twice as large as the ALE (Keyserling 1891; Mello-Leitão 1922), they clearly could not be synonymous with C. spinipalpis.	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A196EE80921BC6A3F9DB825E3.taxon	description	Description. Female (IBNP-JAK-CR 000.00.2.744) Measurements. Total length 6.04. Carapace: length 2.42, width 1.60, index 66. Cephalic region: width 0.77, index 32. Sternum: length 1.10, width 0.92. Abdomen: length 3.62, width 2.59. Clypeus height 0.45. Chelicerae: length 0.82, width 0.36. Eyes: AME 0.15, ALE 0.13, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14. Legs: formula 4132; I = 6.60 (1.83, 0.61, 1.71, 1.33, 1.12); II = 5.86 (1.50, 0.60, 1.41, 1.35, 1.00); III = 6.15 (1.92, 0.56, 1.42, 1.27, 0.98); IV = 8.18 (2.23, 0.72, 2.14, 2.29, 0.80). Carapace: Long and wide, ranging from deep orangish-brown (Figs 2 B, D) to brown, with quite intense black mottling (Figs 3 A, B), narrowed anteriorly and ocular region darkest. Eyes: Medium to large, all roughly equal in diameter. PER procurved, AER row recurved. Chelicerae: Chelicerae with two retromarginal teeth, two teeth on promargin, with distal one about twice the size, one very small denticle present just distal from larger tooth. Sternum: Shield-shaped, with dark edges (Fig. 2 F). Legs: Coxae all pale (Fig. 2 F). Femora I dark brown, otherwise all leg segments brown to orange, darkening at apices of tibiae. With 4 - 4 tibial spines on anterior legs (Fig. 2 C). Abdomen: Oval, light brown to grey, with pale spots (areas without pigment showing pale cuticle underneath) throughout entire surface of abdomen (Figs 2 B, E, F, 3 A, B). Dorsal sclerite brown, sub-rectangular, around ¼ abdomen length. Relatively long, erect setae throughout abdomen giving hairy appearance (Figs 3 A, B), hairs longer at final 1 / 3 of abdomen. Two roughly triangular white patches just posterior to dorsal sclerite (Figs 2 B, 3 A, B). Two strong spines present at anterior margin of dorsal sclerite. Venter lighter, with faint white markings where ventral sclerite is present in males (Fig. 2 F). Epigastric sclerite weakly sclerotized, translucent orangish-brown. Epigyne: Clearly visible externally (Fig. 2 E). ST appear paddle-like, with large anterior ST II oval, posteriorly extending into narrower and smaller ST I, with indistinct separation. COs distinct, slit-like and longitudinal, situated lateral of posterior end of ST II, directed posterolaterally (Figs 3 C – F). Leg spination: I: F = d 2 pl 1 (rlv 7 macrosetae), T = plv 4 rlv 4, Mt = plv 2 rlv 2; II: F = d 3 (plv 8 rlv 8 macrosetae), T = plv 4 rlv 3, Mt = plv 2 rlv 2; III: F = d 2 (plv 9 rlv 10 macrosetae), T = plv 3 rlv 4, Mt = plv 2 rlv 2; IV: F = d 2, T = d 3 (pl 1), plv 3 rlv 3, Mt = d 1, pld 1 rld 1, plv 1 rlv 2.	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A1964E80221BC6F599A31277A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Myrmecotypus fuliginosus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (by original designation).	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A1964E80221BC6F599A31277A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (following Perger & Rubio 2020 a, 2021). Cephalic region wide (cephalic index range 64 – 89), carapace narrowed (carapace index ˂ 60), without thoracic groove but with slight depression instead; PER wider than AER and almost straight to moderately recurved, AME larger than ALE, PME – PME greater than PME – PLE, PLE situated close to lateral margin of cephalic area; abdomen only very slightly petiolated; tibia I ventral spines paired in 2 – 2, 3 – 2, 3 – 3 or 4 – 4 arrangement; trochanter IV notch usually absent, with only a tiny one, if present.	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A1964E80021BC68D19B9C2713.taxon	description	Figs 7, 8	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A1964E80021BC68D19B9C2713.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: BOLIVIA: Beni department, José Ballivián province, Espiritu (- 14.216, - 66.666), vegetation, 9. ix. 1986, leg. W. Hanagarth & J. Sarmiento (SMNK-ARA 13318). Other material examined. 1 subadult ♂, 1 subadult ♀: same data as holotype (SMNK-ARA 13318).	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A1964E80021BC68D19B9C2713.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Myrmecotypus rubioi sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by having tibia I spination of 3 - 2 and coxa II white (the remaining coxae dark) (Figs 7 A – C). Additionally, the new species has a unique male palpal embolus with two broad embolic discs basal to embolus tip (Figs 8 A, B), subapical disc well-sclerotized, forming part of the embolus, turning 1.5 times to a tapered, retrolaterally-directed point; and the RTA sharp, thornlike, ventrally projected (Fig. 8 B).	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A1964E80021BC68D19B9C2713.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Rubio & Arbino (2009) and Perger & Rubio (2020 a) hypothesized that some Neotropical species of Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881 may belong to Myrmecotypus. Amongst those species, A. formicoides Mello-Leitão, 1939 is the only species with a sub-globose abdomen and light coxa II (remaining coxae dark) (Mello-Leitão 1939). Unfortunately, the female holotype of A. formicoides was not available for study, and it is probably lost (World Spider Catalog 2021; A. Kury, pers. comm.). According to the description and illustration that were provided by Mello-Leitão (1939), A. formicoides can be distinguished from M. rubioi sp. nov. by a carapace index of ~ 42 (59 in the new species), the cephalic area with lateral borders subparallel (narrowing in anterior direction in the new species), and tibia I spination of 3 - 3 (3 - 2 in the new species).	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A1964E80021BC68D19B9C2713.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is a genitive patronym in honour of Argentinian arachnologist, Dr. Gonzalo D. Rubio (Argentina), for his substantial contributions to the knowledge on Neotropical ant-like spiders.	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
7A3D585A1964E80021BC68D19B9C2713.taxon	description	Description. Measurements. Total length 3.63. Carapace: length 1.74, width 1.03, index 59, height 0.67. Cephalic region: width 0.62, index 60. Abdomen: length 1.80 (1.89 incl. pedicel), width 1.10, index 58. Sternum: length 0.81, width 0.60, index 74. Chelicerae: length 0.51, width 0.35. Eyes: AME 0.09, ALE 0.06, PME 0.07, PLE 0.06. Legs: I = 3.04 (0.82, 0.32, 0.81, 0.62, 0.47); II = 3.11 (0.81, 0.30, 0.75, 0.67, 0.58); III = 2.73 (0.78, 0.26, 0.68, 0.63, 0.38); IV = 4.25 (1.20, 0.38, 1.04, 1.05, 0.58). Carapace: Broad oval-shaped dorsally (Fig. 7 A), subtruncate anteriorly. Deep reddish-brown, with longish simple white hairs laterally and frontally, absent medially. No depression, highest point just posterior to fovea, slope towards cephalic region very gentle, slope posterior towards pedicel abrupt (Fig. 7 B). Sparse short setae near lateral margins. Sternum: Concolorous with carapace, roughly shield-shaped, parallel straight lateral margins at region of coxae II (Fig. 7 C). Short, fine silver setae present, sparse. Anteriorly truncated. Coxae II white, other coxae dark brown, right coxae III with lighter basal 1 / 3 and may be aberrant. Eyes: AER weakly recurved, AME about 2 x larger than ALEs, ALE and PME clearly the smallest eyes. PER almost straight, weakly recurved in dorsal view, very weakly recurved in frontal view. AME clearly larger than other eyes. Long ocular setae. Legs: Legs I and II light yellow, with femora I and II with basal 1 / 3 dark, legs III and IV dark brown to reddish, with basal ½ of patellae III and IV light yellow. Femora with pair of strong dorsal spines, basal one about twice as long and thicker (spines on femora III and IV about ½ femur length). Basal portion of femora with mix of very short fine simple and feathery silver setae, more abundant on F III and IV. Tibia I with 3 - 2 spines, metatarsus I with 2 - 2 tibial spines. Chelicerae: Lighter than carapace, orange. Two small teeth on retromargin, distal one slightly larger, two teeth on promargin, distal one about twice the size of basal tooth, both promarginal teeth larger than retromarginal teeth. One tiny denticle more distal than distal tooth on promargin. Abdomen: Pyriform, broadest at posterior half, without constriction (Figs 7 A – C). Deep red, darkest at anterior 1 / 3. Lateral regions not covered by sclerites, pale orangish-brown. Dorsal sclerite covering 4 / 5 of dorsum, moderately shiny, with sparse shallow punctures. Short, feathery fine silvery setae throughout, sparser further from anterior portion, long and straight erect simple white setae sparse dorsally, density highest in indistinct band at ¼ abdomen length. Two pairs of thick pedicellate setae, first pair at anterior margin of dorsum, rising at 10 ’ 30 position, just posterior to this are a second thicker and spine-like pair, projecting at 1 o’clock position. Venter with sclerite occupying middle ½, barrel-shaped, with wide posterior margins and recurved posterior edge. Small wedge-shaped inframamillary sclerite just anterior to spinnerets. Ventral and inframamillary sclerites light reddish-orange. Wellsclerotized full epigastric sclerite wrapping around pedicel and anterior portion of abdomen. Lateral regions not covered by sclerites, pale orangish-brown. Palp: Bulb drawn out into long neck that weakly narrows medially before broadening towards apex. Basal ridge of embolic region obvious as retrolateral protrusion, one broad unsclerotized basal embolic disc proximal to sclerotized embolus. Distal sub-apical disc sclerotized and forms embolus, with retrolaterally directed apex, turning 1.5 times. Sperm duct with two median loops and one more distal lateral loop on retrolateral side. Sharp thorn- like ventrally directed RTA. Long prolateral spine on palpal tibia (Figs 8 A, B). Leg spination: I: F = d 3 pl 1, T = plv 3 rlv 2, Mt = plv 2 rlv 2; II: F = d 2, P = d 1, T = rlv 2 plv 2, Mt = rlv 2 plv 2; III: F = d 2 pl 1, P = d 1, T = pl 2 rl 2 plv 2, Mt = plv 2 rlv 2, 1 distal whorl; IV: F = d 2, T = pl 2 rl 2 plv 1, Mt = d 1 pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1, 1 distal whorl. Geographical and ecological distribution. This species is only known from the type locality in Espiritu, José Ballivián province, Beni Department, Bolivia. According to the ecoregion delineation by Olson et al. (2001), the locality is situated in Beni savanna (widely recognized as Moxos Plains Flooded Savannas (see Ibisch & Merida 2003). This savanna is comprised of a mosaic of grasslands, swamplands and forest islands (Navarro & Ferreira 2011). Based on the approximated GPS data of the collection locality (according to the information by the owner of Espiritu Ranch), it was not possible to determine the accurate ecosystem or habitat associations of M. rubioi sp. nov. Further studies are needed to determine this. Ant mimicry. In the other Bolivian species of Myrmecotypus, the colour of body parts and the colour and distribution of setae increases the resemblance to specific ant models of the tribes Camponotini or Dolichoderini (Perger & Rubio 2020 a, 2021 a). Unfortunately, the live habitus of M. rubioi sp. nov. and co-occurring ants were not documented and the loss of setae due to the storage in ethanol hampered the assessment of mimetic relationships. However, as in other congeners, the body size, sub-oval carapace and abdomen mostly resemble ants of Camponotini or Dolichoderini. Additional field observations are needed to identify potential ant models.	en	Pett, Brogan L., Perger, Robert (2021): Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical Castianeirinae (Araneae: Corinnidae): redescription of Castianeira spinipalpis Mello-Leitão, 1945, with first description of the male, and description of a new Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 from the Bolivian Moxos plains. Zootaxa 5082 (2): 145-158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.4
