taxonID	type	description	language	source
5C4D8F169C35C558CDC89A35FBB0F877.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Both imagoes (Figs. 1 B, 1 C) and nymphs of C. obliquistriata have remarkable oblique abdominal stripes that clearly match the original descriptions and drawings (Fig. 1 A) of E. pallescens by Navás (1936). Therefore, we propose the following synonymy: Ecdyonurus pallescens Navás, 1936 (= Cinygmina obliquistriata You et al., 1981). In addition, since the types of this species are lost (Alba – Tercedor & Peters 1985), we redesign a neotype for it. Neotype designation for Afronurus pallescens (Navás, 1936): male imago, China, Jiangxi Province, Wu- Yuan County, Qing-Hua Town (29 ° 41 ′ 55.49 ″ N, 117 ° 78 ′ 11.82 ″ E), 2 - VIII- 2015, collected by Juanyan Luo, Junzhi Sun, Yike Han. The neotype designed here was collected from the same province and in a very nearby locality of the original types, and has typical characters mentioned in the original description. Other material examined: 19 male imagoes, 2 female imagoes, same data as the neotype; male imago (holotype of Cinygmina obliquistriata You et al., 1981), Jiangsu Province, Yi-Xing County, Ming-Ling Town (31 ° 10 ′ 50.20 ″ N, 119 ° 40 ′ 17.52 ″ E), 21 – 31 - VII- 1980, collected by Tian Wu; 12 male imagoes (paratypes), same data as the holotype; 15 male imagoes, 18 female imagoes, 20 nymphs, Zhejiang Province, Lin-An city, Yu-Qian Town, Tianmu Mountain (30 ° 32 ′ 11.91 ″ N, 119 ° 44 ′ 73.71 ″ E), 3 - IV- 2019, collected by Wei Zhang, Zhenxing Ma; 2 male imagoes, 2 female subimagoes, Hubei Province, Yi-Chang City, Yang-Lin-Qiao Town (30 ° 74 ′ 79.01 ″ N, 110 ° 76 ′ 60.72 ″ E), 13 - VIII- 2019, collected by Ran Li, Wei Zhang; 20 male imagoes, 10 male subimagoes, 14 female imagoes, 10 female subimagoes, 12 nymphs, Hunan Province, Yi-Yang City, An-Hua County, Liu-Bu-Xi Nature Reserve (28 ° 31 ′ 16.95 ″ N, 110 ° 82 ′ 65.41 ″ E), 17 - VIII- 2019, collected by Ran Li, Wei Zhang.	en	Ying, Xiaoli, Zhou, Changfa (2021): The exact status and synonyms of three Chinese Afronurus Lestage, 1924 established by Navás in 1936 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 5082 (1): 95-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.1.9
5C4D8F169C35C558CDC89A35FBB0F877.taxon	distribution	Distribution: almost all Chinese mainland except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.	en	Ying, Xiaoli, Zhou, Changfa (2021): The exact status and synonyms of three Chinese Afronurus Lestage, 1924 established by Navás in 1936 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 5082 (1): 95-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.1.9
5C4D8F169C37C55ACDC89DB9FBC5FED1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The abdominal color pattern of this species is very unique (Fig. 2). Comparison of the drawings of Navás (Fig. 2 A) with specimens of C. rubromaculata (Figs. 2 B, 2 C) shows they are equivalent. The types of them were collected from the same county, Jiangsu province, China. Therefore, we propose the following synonymy: Ecdyonurus kiangsuensis Puthz, 1971 (= Cinygmina rubromaculata You et al., 1981). Ulmer (1912) named a species Ecdyurus hyalinus from the Chinese Taiwan island which was later transferred to the genus Afronurus by Kang & Yang (1994). Ecdyonurus hyalinus Navás, 1936 is therefore a junior homonym and was renamed by Puthz (1971) as Ecdyonurus kiangsuensis. We also redesigned a neotype for this species. Neotype designation for Afronurus kiangsuensis (Puthz, 1971): male imago, China, Jiangsu Province, Yi-Xing County, Hu-Fu Town (31 ° 22 ′ 89.41 ″ N, 119 ° 79 ′ 67.42 ″ E), 18 - V- 1995, collected by Chaodong Zhu. The neotype designed here was collected from the same province and in a very nearby locality of the original types, and has typical characters mentioned in the original description. Other material examined: 6 male imagoes, 6 nymphs, same as the neotype; male imago (holotype of Cinygmina rubromaculata You et al., 1981), Jiangsu Province, Yi-Xing County, Ming-Lin Town (31 ° 10 ′ 5.02 ″ N, 119 ° 40 ′ 17.52 ″ E), 21 - VII- 1980, collected by Tian Wu; 12 male imagoes, 10 female imagoes (paratypes), same data as holotype; 6 male imagoes, 7 male subimagoes, 10 female imagoes, 8 female subimagoes, 40 nymphs, Hunan Province, Zhang-Jia-Jie City, Jin-Bian creek (29 ° 32 ′ 18.93 ″ N, 110 ° 44 ′ 15.57 ″ E), 12 - VIII- 2019, collected by Ran Li, Wei Zhang; 20 male imagoes, 5 male subimagoes, 8 female imagoes, 6 female subimagoes, Hubei Province, Yi- Chang City, Chang-Yang County, Gao-Jia-Yan Town, Qing-Yan Village (30 ° 59 ′ 41.08 ″ N, 111 ° 11 ′ 37.93 ″ E), 20 - VII- 2013, collected by Yanxia Wang, Dan Zhou; 100 nymphs, Hainan Province, Chang-Jiang County, Ba-Wang-Ling (19 ° 06 ′ 3761 ″ N, 109 ° 17 ′ 0581 ″ E), 15 - I- 2015, collected by Junzhi Sun, Yike Han.	en	Ying, Xiaoli, Zhou, Changfa (2021): The exact status and synonyms of three Chinese Afronurus Lestage, 1924 established by Navás in 1936 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 5082 (1): 95-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.1.9
5C4D8F169C37C55ACDC89DB9FBC5FED1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Most areas of Chinese mainland except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.	en	Ying, Xiaoli, Zhou, Changfa (2021): The exact status and synonyms of three Chinese Afronurus Lestage, 1924 established by Navás in 1936 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 5082 (1): 95-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.1.9
5C4D8F169C36C55DCDC89C98FBC5FC8D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The males of this species have a remarkable projection between the penes (Fig. 3 C), which is clearly showed in the original picture of Navás (1936) (Fig. 3 A). The color patterns between the original drawing and our fresh materials are also consistent (Figs. 3 A, 3 B), so we state that the two species established by Navás in 1936 and Wu & You in 1986 are conspecific. Therefore, we propose the following synonymy: Heptagenia costata Navás, 1936 (= Cinygmina yixingensis Wu & You, 1986). Neotype designation for Afronurus costatus (Navás, 1936): male imago, China, Jiangxi Province, Wu-Yuan County, Qing-Hua Town (29 ° 41 ′ 55.49 ″ N, 117 ° 78 ′ 11.82 ″ E), 2 - VIII- 2015, collected by Juanyan Luo, Junzhi Sun, Yike Han. The neotype designed here was collected from the same province and in a very nearby locality of the original types, and has typical characters mentioned in the original description. Other material examined: 8 male imagoes, 2 female imagoes, same as the neotype; male imago (holotype of Cinygmina yixingensis Wu & You, 1986), Jiangsu Province, Yi-Xing City, Ming-Lin Town (31 ° 10 ′ 5.02 ″ N, 119 ° 40 ′ 17.52 ″ E), 25 - VII- 1980, collected by Tian Wu; 10 male imagoes, 2 male subimagoes, 6 female imagoes (paratypes), same as the holotype; 12 male imagoes (some reared from mature nymphs), 15 female subimagoes, 40 nymphs, Hainan Province, Ba-Wang-Ling National Forest Park (19 ° 06 ′ 37.61 ″ N, 109 ° 17 ′ 05.81 ″ E), 12 - IX- 2014, collected by Qin Si, Junzhi Sun, Juanyan Luo; 100 nymphs, Anhui Province, Huang-Shan City, Tang-Kou Town, Zhai-Xi Village (30 ° 05 ′ 44.39 ″ N, 118 ° 16 ′ 78.03 ″ E), 29 - V- 2014, collected by Dan Zhou, Junhi Sun, Yike Han; 6 male imagoes, 7 female imagoes, Zhejiang Province, Long-Quan City, Long-Nan Town, Shuang-Xi Village (27 ° 88 ′ 69.49 ″ N, 119 ° 21 ′ 56.56 ″ E), 5 - VIII- 2020, collected by Zhenxing Ma, Xuhongyi Zheng.	en	Ying, Xiaoli, Zhou, Changfa (2021): The exact status and synonyms of three Chinese Afronurus Lestage, 1924 established by Navás in 1936 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 5082 (1): 95-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.1.9
5C4D8F169C36C55DCDC89C98FBC5FC8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Most areas of Chinese mainland except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.	en	Ying, Xiaoli, Zhou, Changfa (2021): The exact status and synonyms of three Chinese Afronurus Lestage, 1924 established by Navás in 1936 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa 5082 (1): 95-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.1.9
