identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E5F0EB81453B5652BEA2CFB73B2FDB53.text	E5F0EB81453B5652BEA2CFB73B2FDB53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria dyodon subsp. alpina (Stabile 1859)	<div><p>Charpentieria dyodon alpina (Stabile, 1859)</p> <p>Figs 40.3-40.4, 42.2</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria dyodon alpina is found in scattered populations along the Val di Lanzo, NW of Torino (Piedmont).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Piedmont, Torino, Margone, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.20525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.23469" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.20525/lat 45.23469)">Val di Lanzo</a>, Usseglio. 1500 m asl, 45°14'4.89"N, 07°12'18.90"E, leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 40.3). The FO is almost as long as the V. The FDBC is slightly shorter than the BC+SDBC (SDBC+BC). The BC+SDBC is cylindrical and longer than the V with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is round. The D is shorter than the BC+SDBC, thinner with a round apex. The V is as long as the first duct of the BC+SDBC. The PC is 2 × as long as the V. The PR is long and robust. The E is slightly longer than the P and thin.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 40.4). The A and the P are smooth, with a very fine granulated sculpturing. The V shows many smooth longitudinal pleats. The smooth simple PP is simple, big, club-like with a round apex. Its base is partially connected to the ELP and transversally extends along the transition wall, narrowing the transition passage. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP). The E shows two main longitudinal moderately fringed pleats that proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E5F0EB81453B5652BEA2CFB73B2FDB53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
A951C547BBFD5059BF0B6A56E2CC7BFA.text	A951C547BBFD5059BF0B6A56E2CC7BFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria dyodon subsp. dyodon (S. Studer 1820) dyodon (S. Studer 1820	<div><p>Charpentieria dyodon dyodon (S. Studer, 1820)</p> <p>Figs 40.1, 40.2, 42.1</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria dyodon s. l. has a limited distribution, restricted to northern Piedmont and adjacent Swiss territories. The nominate subspecies is restricted to the surroundings of Iselle (Piedmont) and adjacent Swiss localities.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Piedmont, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.212828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.208202" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.212828/lat 46.208202)">Trasquera di Iselle</a>, Verbano. 750 m asl, 46°12'29.53"N, 8°12'46.18"E, [Lab ID 44_1, COI: MW758956. ITS2: MW757051, MW757052; Lab ID C44_3, COI: MW758951], I. Niero leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 40.1).</p> <p>The FO is slightly longer than the V. The FDBC is shorter the BC+SDBC (SDBC+BC). The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V with no distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is round. The D is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC, thinner with a small but round apex. The V is short, cylindrical and large in diameter. The PC is much longer than the V. The PR is short and robust. The E is shorter than the P and very thin.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 40.2).</p> <p>The A and the P are smooth, with a very fine granulated sculpturing. The V shows many smooth longitudinal pleats. The smooth PP is simple, big, conical with a pointed apex. Its base is partially connected to the ELP and transversally extends along the transition wall, narrowing the transition passage. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP). The E shows two main longitudinal moderately fringed pleats that proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A951C547BBFD5059BF0B6A56E2CC7BFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
418C14069E195FBCB8E7E2B00CAC0B07.text	418C14069E195FBCB8E7E2B00CAC0B07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria dyodon subsp. thomasiana (Kuester 1850)	<div><p>Charpentieria dyodon thomasiana (Kuester, 1850)</p> <p>Figs 41.1-41.4, 42.3, 42.4</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Piedmont, Biella, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.978353&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.63028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.978353/lat 45.63028)">Santuario di Oropa.</a> 1100 m asl 45°37'49.01"N, 07°58'42.07"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm. Italy, Piedmont, Biella, Sentiero per <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.967325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.692326" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.967325/lat 45.692326)">Pra del Vecia</a> , Piedicavallo. 1200 m asl, 45°41'32.37"N, 07°58'2.37"E, leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria dyodon thomasiana is found in the surroundings of Oropa and Piedicavallo, surroundings of Biella (Piedmont).</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 41.1, 41.3). The FO is half as long as the V. The FDBC is shorter than the BC+SDBC (SDBC+BC). The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V with slight distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is pointed. The D is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC, thinner with a round apex. The V is long and cylindrical. The PC is longer than the V. The PR is long and robust. The E is slightly shorter than the P and thin.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 41.2, 41.4). The A and the P are smooth, with a very fine granulated sculpturing. The V shows many smooth longitudinal pleats. The smooth simple PP is simple, elongated with a pointed apex. Its base is partially connected to the ELP and transversally extends along the transition wall, narrowing the transition passage. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP). The E shows two main longitudinal moderately fringed pleats that proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Brief genital anatomical description of the subspecific taxa of Charpentieria ornata and Charpentieria itala</p> <p>The Southern Alpine C. itala is distributed from Como Lake to the Garda Lake, Trentino, Veneto (including Colli Berici and Colli Euganei) and the Pre-Alps of Friuli. Nordsieck (1963b) provided, for the eastern border of its distribution, the axis Pordenone-Ampezzo. Recent collecting extended its eastern distribution as far Udine and Cividale in Friuli (WDM, personal unpublished data). Its eastern distribution range overlaps with C. stenzii and in few localities they are found syntopic (e.g., San Romedio, Trento, where C. stenzii stenzii and C. itala serravalensis are found syntopic). Concerning the nomenclature of C. itala, we adopted the system by Scheel and Hausdorf (2012) that considered C. clavata as a subspecies of C. itala.</p> <p>Its shell is weakly striated to frankly ribbed, with evident sutural papillae and a strong lunella, which is remarkably curved. Twelve out of the seventeen currently valid subspecies of C. itala were anatomically investigated, revealing a common overall arrangement of the genital organs. The pseudopapilla can be either smooth or markedly wrinkled and occupies almost the whole penial volume.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/418C14069E195FBCB8E7E2B00CAC0B07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
EF1E1095BB4C5F9EABA22CC742733BE7.text	EF1E1095BB4C5F9EABA22CC742733BE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. albopustolata (De Cristofori & Jan 1832)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala albopustolata (De Cristofori &amp; Jan, 1832)</p> <p>Figs 44.5, 44.6, 47.5</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria itala albopustolata is widely distributed throughout the Central Alps of Lombardia (Nardi 2011: 101) and a small area of southwestern Veneto, next to the southern part of Garda Lake (F. Scarlassara pers. comm.) and Verona.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Lombardia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.224546&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.54163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.224546/lat 45.54163)">Brescia</a>, city castle walls. 200 m asl, 45°32'29.87"N, 10°13'28.37"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 44.5). The FO is almost 2 × as long as the V. The FDBC is much longer than the BC+SDBC. The BC+SDBC is club-like, with visible distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is rounded. The D is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC, thin and with a round apex. The V is long and thin. The PC is double as long as the V. The P is long and swollen at its proximal part. The PR is long and thin. The E is very short and thin in diameter. The overall appearance of the external morphology of the genital organs is slim and elongated.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 44.6). The A and the P are smooth, with very loose and barely visible longitudinal elevations. The V is smooth. The PP is folded, elongated with a pointed apex. The ER is present and it is connected with the ELP by means of 5 or 6 small longitudinal pleats. The PP originates from the ER. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER+ELP). The E shows two fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF1E1095BB4C5F9EABA22CC742733BE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
10A494DA7561572A84A92876FE3A4393.text	10A494DA7561572A84A92876FE3A4393.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. allatollae (Kaeufel 1928)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala allatollae (Kaeufel, 1928)</p> <p>Figs 44.7, 44.8, 47.6</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This taxon is known to occur in Val Ampola and Val Lorina (Province of Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). It is also reported by Gredler (1891) for Monte Tombea as Clausilia tombeana Gredler, 1891 and from other localities in eastern Lombardia by Nardi (2011: 101).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, Storo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.634586&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.852116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.634586/lat 45.852116)">Albergo</a> alla <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.634586&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.852116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.634586/lat 45.852116)">Tolla</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.634586&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.852116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.634586/lat 45.852116)">Val Ampola.</a> 720 m asl, 45°51'7.62"N, 10°38'4.51"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 44.7). The FO is 1.5 × longer than the V. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC. The BC+SDBC is club-like, with visible distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is rounded. The D is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC, thin and with a round apex. The V is short but wide in diameter. The PC is double as long as the V. The P is swollen along its whole length. The PR is short and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 44.8). The A, the V and the P are smooth, with few, very loose and barely visible longitudinal elevations. The PP is almost smooth, elongated with a pointed apex. The PP originates from the distal end of the ELP. The ER is not present. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP). The E shows two ELP that proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>This taxon, previously considered as a junior synonym of C. itala lorinae (Nordsieck 1963b: 184) was recently elevated (with no explanation) as a valid subspecies by the same author (Nordsieck 2007: 54). It was long considered as a transitional hybrid form between C. clavata and C. itala but this assumption was based exclusively upon shell characters (Nardi 2011: 101). Scheel and Hausdorf (2012: 3799) proved this is not correct as the taxa previously belonging to one or the other species appear deeply intermingled in the phylograms they provided.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/10A494DA7561572A84A92876FE3A4393	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
82D8ADE1E77B5849B2A92CFFF0D3FD03.text	82D8ADE1E77B5849B2A92CFFF0D3FD03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. baldensis (Strobel 1851)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala baldensis (Strobel, 1851)</p> <p>Figs 45.1-45.3, 47.7</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria itala baldensis is exclusively known from Monte Baldo and Monte Altissimo (Verona, Veneto, Italy), restricted to the peak areas.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Veneto, Verona, Naole, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.853804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.740543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.853804/lat 45.740543)">San Zeno di Montagna.</a> 900 m asl, 45°44'25.95"N, 10°51'13.69"E, [Lab ID C2_2, COI: MW758955], I. Niero leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 45.1). The FO is as long as the V. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (SDBC+BC). The BC+SDBC presents a very distinguishable second duct as the BC abruptly inflates. The apex is rounded. The D is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC, with a thin proximal part and a swollen distal part. The V is long and thin in diameter. The PC is double as long as the V. The P is slightly swollen at its proximal part. The transition area P-E is clearly detectable from outside. The PR is short and robust. The E is slightly longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 45.2, 45.3). The A and the V show smooth few, very loose and barely visible longitudinal elevations. The P shows five to six smooth longitudinal plates that proximally directly start from the ER. The PP is smooth, very elongated with a pointed apex and it occupies almost the whole penial internal volume. Its basis is slightly swollen. The PP originates independently, not connecting neither with the ER or the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: ER+PP+ELP. The E shows two remarkably fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>This small subspecies, found exclusively at higher altitudes, was previously considered as a transitional form between C. itala albopustolata and C. itala rubiginea (Nordsieck 1963b: 176-177). The same author (Nordsieck 2007: 54) recently elevated it (with no taxonomic explanation) as a valid subspecies. The taxon was described by Strobel (1851: 25) and not by Charpentier (1852: 384) as stated in MolluscaBase (2021).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82D8ADE1E77B5849B2A92CFFF0D3FD03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
CAA2DDEC40CE5D85AA3D18CEF5C7068A.text	CAA2DDEC40CE5D85AA3D18CEF5C7068A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. balsamoi (Strobel 1850)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala balsamoi (Strobel, 1850)</p> <p>Figs 45.4, 45.5, 47.8</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This subspecies is known from Val Serina (province of Bergamo, Lombardia), Italy (Nardi 2011: 101).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Lombardia, Bergamo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.718535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.823467" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.718535/lat 45.823467)">Val Serina</a>, Loc. Galleria, Bracca. 45°49'24.49"N, 09°43'6.73"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 45.4). The FO is 1.5 × longer than the V. The FDBC is extremely short. The BC+SDBC is club-like, with no distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is longer than the BC+SDBC. The V is cylindrical. The PC is double as long as the V. The P is slightly swollen at its proximal part with a clearly visible transition between P and EP. The PR is long and robust. The E is slightly longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 45.5). The A and the V are almost smooth, with fine and barely visible longitudinal elevations. The P shows 3 oblique fringed pleats that proximally are not connected to the ER. The PP is fringed and occupies almost the whole penial internal volume. The PP originates from the ER that is connected with the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER(ELP)). The E shows two remarkably fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CAA2DDEC40CE5D85AA3D18CEF5C7068A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
1A4D90C6D6CA56E0B402D807647AADBF.text	1A4D90C6D6CA56E0B402D807647AADBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. clavata (Rossmaessler 1836)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala clavata (Rossmaessler, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 46.1-46.3, 47.9</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This subspecies is known to occur in central-western Lombardia, in the provinces of Bergamo and Lecco (Nordsieck 1963b; Nardi 2011).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Lombardia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.43199&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.90721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.43199/lat 45.90721)">Lecco</a>, Ballabio. 710 m asl, 45°54'25.96"N, 09°25'55.16"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 46.1). The V is slightly longer than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is cylindrical, with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is longer than the BC+SDBC. The V is cylindrical and long. The PC is ~ 1.5 × longer than the V. The P is conical and the transition between P and EP is not clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is shorter than the P but shows almost the same diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 46.2, 46.3). The A and the V show irregular smooth folds that continue proximally inside the P. The P, as the V and A, does not present a regular pattern of pleats but a combination of irregular smooth folds. The PP is very big, folded with a wide base. It occupies the whole penial volume and reaches the A. The PP originates from the epiphallar wall and it is connected with the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP). The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A4D90C6D6CA56E0B402D807647AADBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
65540387DF0A5C9DA3E4E86EB55C6BB9.text	65540387DF0A5C9DA3E4E86EB55C6BB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. itala (G. von Martens 1824) itala (G. von Martens 1824	<div><p>Charpentieria itala itala (G. von Martens, 1824)</p> <p>Figs 44.1-44.4, 47.2-47.4</p> <p>Distribution and remarks.</p> <p>The actual distribution of C. itala itala depends on the status and validity of other subspecific taxa with similar shell morphology, especially C. itala serravalensis or other available names of uncertain validity as Clausilia itala vicentina Schmidt, 1868 or Clausilia alboguttulata var. a, major Pirona, 1865. Following the original descriptions (Pirona 1865: 693; Schmidt 1868: 47), both taxa probably have “overlapping“ distribution with the nominate subspecies, being cited for the surroundings of Vicenza and the western Friuli plain. According to the current systematics, C. itala itala is distributed in the Pianura Veneta (Venetian Plain), Colli Euganei and Berici, including the Prealpine hills of Vicenza.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Veneto, Vicenza, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.51998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.406197" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.51998/lat 45.406197)">San Donato</a>, Barbarano Vicentino. 300 m asl, 45°24'22.30"N, 11°31'11.93"E, [Lab ID C1_1, COI: MW758952], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 44.1). The FO is almost as long as the V. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC. The BC+SDBC is club-like, with visible distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is rounded. The D is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC with a round apex. The V is long and partially swollen. The PC is only slightly longer than the V. The P is short and remarkably swollen. The PR is long and robust. The E is slightly longer than the P and thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 44.2). The A and the P present big transversal pleats. The pleats are smooth and discontinuous along the distal part of the P and in the A. The V is smooth. The PP is smooth, elongated with a round apex and directly connected to the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP). The E shows two ELP, fringed at their distal ends. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65540387DF0A5C9DA3E4E86EB55C6BB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
812CF2C5F5395FCA871402DC8181EF55.text	812CF2C5F5395FCA871402DC8181EF55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. latestriata (Kuester 1850)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala latestriata (Kuester, 1850)</p> <p>Figs 46.4, 46.5, 47.10</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Known to occur in central Lombardia, Italy (Nardi 2011: 101).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Lombardia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.545073&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.78782" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.545073/lat 45.78782)">Bergamo</a>, Bedulita. 625 m asl, 45°47'16.15"N, 09°32'42.26"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 46.5). The V is almost 2 × longer than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is longer than the BC+SDBC and slender. The V is cylindrical and long, slightly tapered along its proximal part. The PC is ~ 1.5 × longer than the V. The P is conical and the transition between P and EP is not clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is shorter than the P but shows almost the same diameter. The whole genital organs show a slender appearance [recalling the ectomorph genital organs as in De Mattia et al. (2020)].</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 46.6). The V presents irregular longitudinal pleats that stop just before the A. The A the P are mainly smooth with barely visible longitudinal elevations. The PP is smooth, slender, elongated and slightly irregular in shape. It occupies half of the internal penial volume. The PP originates from the ER that is connected with the ELP by means of four Clausilia minor smooth longitudinal pleats. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER+ELP). The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/812CF2C5F5395FCA871402DC8181EF55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
57F974DB764757548CE4A8717D514AA3.text	57F974DB764757548CE4A8717D514AA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. lorinae (Gredler 1869)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala lorinae (Gredler, 1869)</p> <p>Figs 46.6, 46.7, 47.11</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The distribution of this subspecies is limited to Val Lorina and surrounding peaks, across the border of Trento and Brescia provinces (Lombardia and Trentino-Alto Adige), Italy (Nardi 2011:101).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Lombardia, Brescia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.613628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.83977" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.613628/lat 45.83977)">Val di Lorina</a>, Storo. 600 m asl, 45°50'23.18"N, 10°36'49.06"E, [Lab ID C3_2, COI: MW758954], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 46.7). The V is half as long as the FO. The FDBC is very long, at least 2 × the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is slightly shorter than the BC+SDBC. The V is cylindrical and very short, wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 2 × longer than the V. The P is short, folded and wide in diameter and the transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is almost as long as P and wide in diameter. The genital organs show a slender appearance [recalling the ectomorph genital organs as in De Mattia et al. (2020)].</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 46.8). The A the V are mainly smooth with weak longitudinal elevations. The P presents strong irregular transversal smooth pleats. The PP is folded, irregular and elongated. It occupies almost the whole internal penial volume. The ER is found distally of the PP and not connected with it. The PP is directly connected with the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: ER+PP(ELP). The E shows two irregularly fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/57F974DB764757548CE4A8717D514AA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
18C9B3C4548551DFBB842A9F8702907E.text	18C9B3C4548551DFBB842A9F8702907E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. serravalensis (Nordsieck 1963)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala serravalensis (Nordsieck, 1963)</p> <p>Figs 48.3, 48.4, 50.3</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This taxon is widespread throughout the southeastern Alps, from Val Sugana in the west, Alpi Venete, Alps of Belluno and the axis Ampezzo-Pordenone in the east (Italy) (Nordsieck 1963b: 175).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Veneto, Serravalle (L.T.) near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.286426&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.00124" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.286426/lat 46.00124)">Vittorio</a> Veneto. 500 m asl, 46°00'4.46"N, 12°17'11.13"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.; Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.108845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.36773" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.108845/lat 46.36773)">Trento</a>, San Romedio. 730 m asl, 46°22'3.83"N, 11°06'31.84"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 48.3). The V is as long as the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is cylindrical, short, with no distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is slightly shorter than the SDBC+BC. The V is cylindrical and long, thin in diameter. The PC is approximately as long as the V. The P is swollen and wide in diameter and the transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is almost as long as the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 48.4). The A and the V are smooth, with of almost undetectable longitudinal elevations. The P presents weak tubercles longitudinally arranged along irregular lines. The PP is smooth and elongated. It is small comparing to the whole penial volume. The PP originates from the ER, which is connected with the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER(ELP)). The E shows two fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The actual status and validity of C. itala serravalensis, especially in relation to the nominate subspecies, must be further assessed with more field research and morphological/genetic molecular studies.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18C9B3C4548551DFBB842A9F8702907E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
D857BFBD199859769A0E2BEC88838A72.text	D857BFBD199859769A0E2BEC88838A72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. trepida (Kaeufel 1928)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala trepida (Kaeufel, 1928)</p> <p>Figs 48.5, 48.6, 50.4</p> <p>Distribution:</p> <p>The taxon is known for several stations around the Idro Lake, at the boundary between the provinces of Brescia and Trento (Nardi 2011: 98).</p> <p>Examined material:</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.467667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.79738" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.467667/lat 45.79738)">Forte Cima Ora</a>, Anfo, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy. 1500 m asl, 45°47'50.57"N, 10°28'3.60"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 48.5):</p> <p>The V is 3 × longer than the FO. The FDBC is 2 × longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is markedly club-like, short, with clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is slightly longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner in diameter. The V is cylindrical and long, slightly swollen in its mid part. The PC is ~ 2 × as long as the V. The P is distally pedunculate and abruptly swollen and widens in diameter along its proximal part. The transition between P and EP is not clearly visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is much shorter than the P but wide in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 48.6):</p> <p>The A is smooth. The V presents smooth longitudinal pleats. The P is completely smooth. The PP is folded and elongated. It occupies half of the internal penial volume. The ER is missing. The PP is directly connected with the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP). The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks:</p> <p>In the surroundings of Forte Cima Ora (Anfo) we collected this costate form that was wrongly identified as Charpentieria itala tiesenhauseni (Gredler, 1855) by Nardi (2011: 98, Fig. 6). Charpentieria itala tiesenhauseni seems to be restricted to the type locality (Bocca di Valle) and few additional localities E of the Lago d’Idro (Nordsieck pers. comm.). The population from Forte Cima Ora is here considered as a costate form of C. itala trepida (see Nordsieck 2007: 54).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D857BFBD199859769A0E2BEC88838A72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
96BDD21587DE5ED4B11541B07AACC572.text	96BDD21587DE5ED4B11541B07AACC572.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. triumplinae Nardi 2011	<div><p>Charpentieria itala triumplinae Nardi, 2011</p> <p>Figs 48.5-48.6, 49.1-49.2, 50.4, 50.5</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This subspecific taxon of C. itala is endemic to the Central Alps. It is known from the type locality and few scattered localities in the Val Trompia area: Corna Blacca, Passo delle Portole, Cima Caldoline, Passo della Berga and other localities in the municipalities of Lavenone and Collio (Brescia, Lombardia, Italy), from 1500 m asl up (Nardi 2011: 99-100).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Lombardia, Brescia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.405588&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.800983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.405588/lat 45.800983)">Lavenone</a>, Cima Caldoline. 1700 m asl, 45°48'3.54"N, 10°24'20.12"E, G. Nardi leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 49.1). The V is half as long as the FO. The FDBC is 2 × longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like, short, with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is slightly longer than the SDBC+BC. The V is short and cylindrical. The PC is ~ 2 × as long as the V. The P is swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is much shorter than the P but wide in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 49.2). The A is smooth. The V presents irregular pleats. The P is completely smooth. The PP is folded and elongated. It occupies 3/4 of the internal penial volume. The PP originates from the ER that is directly connected with the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER(ELP)). The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Nardi (2011: 99) roughly described the anatomy of the genital organs providing a sketch of a specimen from the same locality we had available as well. His description and depiction differ from our anatomical results by a remarkably shorter FO and a longer V, whereas the remaining genital external details seem to be similar (e.g., the penial complex). Nardi (2011: 99) did not provide any detail of the internal sculpturing of the genital organs, depicting only the pseudopapilla (named "papilla penis"). Moreover, the pseudopapilla appears slightly different according to our results, being it smooth instead of folded. However, its general conical shape and dimensions (in comparison with the volume of the penis) match with our results. The folding of its surface could be due to a reproductive/seasonal/physiological moment of the specimen at the time of collecting/fixation.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/96BDD21587DE5ED4B11541B07AACC572	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
AECD28666FB55CDB88D70397FDB30F41.text	AECD28666FB55CDB88D70397FDB30F41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. variscoi (Pini 1883)	<div><p>Charpentieria itala variscoi (Pini, 1883)</p> <p>Figs 49.3, 49.4, 50.6</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This taxon is known only from the Val Brembana and Val Taleggio (Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy) (Nordsieck 1963b).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Lombardia, Bergamo, Lavina, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.565406&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.886593" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.565406/lat 45.886593)">Val Taleggio.</a> 650 m asl, 45°53'11.73"N, 09°33'55.46"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 49.3). The V is slightly shorter than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape with clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is longer than the SDBC+BC. The V is short and slightly swollen. The PC is ~ 3 × as long as the V. The P is fusiform. The transition between P and EP is not clearly visible. The PR is long and thin. The E is slightly shorter than the P and thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 49.4). The A and the V are smooth. The P is distally smooth, with transversal irregular weak pleats along its proximal part. The PP is folded and very elongated. It occupies the whole penial volume. The PP originates from the ER that is connected with the ELP by means of few Clausilia minor longitudinal pleats. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER+ELP). The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Brief genital anatomical description of Charpentieria stenzii subspecific taxa</p> <p>Charpentieria stenzii is present along the Eastern Alps, from the Val di Non in Trentino and Pre-Alps of Veneto in the West to the Alpi Giulie in the East (Zallot 2001; Welter-Schultes 2012). Currently nine subspecific taxa are considered valid (Zallot 2001: 137-138; MolluscaBase 2021). Charpentieria stenzii shows a remarkable variability as regards the shell features. This is well depicted and described in Zallot (2001: 143-155). As for C. itala the subspecies were traditionally based on shell morphological characters, e.g., the sculpturing of the shell surface (smooth, striated to ribbed) or the development and variability of the internal plicae and lamellae. The shell is almost smooth or weakly striated to striated or frankly ribbed (as in C. stenzii letochana). The suture is always remarkably whitish. Compared to C. dyodon, C. itala and C. ornata, the species, presents a reduction of the buccal armature, with both, columellaris and parietalis generally small to almost absent. The lunella is usually weak to almost undetectable (Zallot 2001).</p> <p>Eight of nine subspecies of C. stenzii were anatomically investigated (Table 8). A new anatomical feature, namely the hemipapilla, was discovered and revealed to be typical and exclusive of this species. The hemipapilla consists of an uninterrupted, circular and fleshy elevated ring that almost entirely obliterates the lumen along the penis and epiphallus transition area, slightly distally to the PR. The base of the pseudopapilla is fused with almost the entire ring, making it difficult to distinguish it from a real penial papilla. The sperm channel is anyway present, it is not just a narrow section as in the epiphallar ring of Sicania / Siciliaria or the rooted pseudopapilla. Its outlet is found at the base of the pseudopapilla (Figs 51 - 54). The pseudopapilla is channel-less and filled-up of spongy tissue. The inner atrial pad depicted and deemed by Nordsieck (1963b) as a characteristic of the species, in our genital anatomical investigations was found only in C. stenzii letochana. The other subspecies of C. stenzii showed a variable inner sculpturing of the atrium, from irregular smooth pleats (as C. stenzii faueri) to almost smooth (as C. stenzii westerlundi) with different degrees of complexity in between.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AECD28666FB55CDB88D70397FDB30F41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
47A137B854F75944B6ECCCB9896B43AB.text	47A137B854F75944B6ECCCB9896B43AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria itala subsp. zalloti De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Charpentieria itala zalloti nom. nov.</p> <p>Figs 48.1-48.2, 50.1-50.2</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>During field collecting (WDM), five populations belonging to C. itala ssp. were found in the surrounding of Udine and Cividale (Friuli, Italy). These populations show a remarkably reduced size of the shell comparing to the nominate subspecies or C. itala serravalensis, that are the closest C. itala subspecies in the west (Figs 44, 48). Moreover, the sutures are almost colourless, the shell is translucent and the peristome is continuous (Figs 50.1, 50.2). Nordsieck (1963b) stated that the eastern distributional limit for C. itala is represented by the axis Pordenone-Ampezzo. Thus, these Friulian populations were neglected or simply not known by him. Nevertheless, these populations of C. itala were not unknown to past authors. Pirona (1865: 692) cited " Clausilia alboguttata Wagn. [= C. itala]. Nei muri vecchi muscosi (On old mossy walls); Udine, Tricesimo, Dolegna, Sacile, Portogruaro". He listed two morphotypes: var. a, major for the western part (Caneva and Portogruaro) and var. b, Clausilia minor for Udine and Dolegna. In his description, for var. b, Clausilia minor Pirona (1865) pointed out the translucent shell (cornea) and the continuous peristome (peristomate continuo) and these details, as previously stated, are regularly found also in the easternmost populations recently collected. Concerning the anatomy of the genital organs, these populations present the absence of the (2) longitudinal epiphallar pleats (Figs 48.1-48.2). As regards the identity of the var. a, major, following Pirona’s description (saturate Charpentieria rubiginea, peristomate soluto) it can be postulated that he dealt with the nominate subspecies.</p> <p>The type locality of the nominate subspecies is less than 50 km west of Portogruaro. Thus, following Pirona (1865) and recent research, the distributional area of C. itala is further extended eastward as far as the Friuli plain and Cividale/Dolegna in the east.</p> <p>Despite Pirona’s (1865) thorough description, Clausilia minor Pirona, 1865 is several times preoccupied by: Clausilia minor Küster, 1850, currently a synonym of Medora contracta contracta (Rossmässler, 1842); Clausilia minor Küster, 1850, currently a synonym of Medora almissana almissana (Küster, 1847); Clausilia minor Charpentier, 1852, currently a synonym of Albinaria profuga (Charpentier, 1852); Clausilia minor A. Schmidt, 1856, currently a synonym of Clausilia rugosa provincialis Coutagne, 1886; Clausilia minor Walderdorff, 1864, currently a synonym of Delima montenegrina semilabiata (Walderdorff, 1864).</p> <p>The Friulian populations with translucent shell and reduced shell dimensions are here named C. itala zalloti nom. nov.</p> <p>Nordsieck (2011, supplemented May 2021) in chapter 4 clearly referred to our data and manuscript when he felt the need to supplement his web article. He cited Pirona (1865) stating that "The form from Udine, Friuli (…) is strikingly similar to that from Verona. (…) Because of this similarity it is deemed to have been introduced." We disagree with his rushed conclusion, as the presence of this taxon also in many natural spots along the low Prealps makes an introduction quite unlikely or, at least, deserving additional research.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat.</p> <p>Charpentieria itala zalloti nom. nov. is found on limestone stonewalls (Cividale) or natural limestone small cliffs (Udine castle hill, Tricesimo and Julian Prealps), usually in shady spots. The taxon is found in the Friuli plain and in natural habitats along the low Prealps. Pirona (1865: 692) provides a wider distribution including territories in the west, as far as Sacile, and in the east as far as Dolegna.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.236764&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.064823" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.236764/lat 46.064823)">Udine</a>, castle hill. 140 m asl, 46°03'53.37"N, 13°14'12.35"E, L. Anzil leg., W. De Mattia det., 3 dissected spm. Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.617561&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.14071" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.617561/lat 46.14071)">Tribil Superiore.</a> 600 m asl, 46°08'26.55"N, 13°37'3.22"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm. Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.565833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.132034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.565833/lat 46.132034)">Lesizza.</a> 340 m asl, 46°7'55.33"N, 13°33'57.00"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det. Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.525355&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.187527" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.525355/lat 46.187527)">Stermizza.</a> 730 m asl, 46°11'15.09"N, 13°31'31.28"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det. Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.63673&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.153507" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.63673/lat 46.153507)">Rucchin.</a> 670 m asl, 46°9'12.62"N, 13°38'12.23"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 48.1). The V is slightly shorter than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is slightly shorter than the BC+SDBC. The V is cylindrical and wide in diameter. The PC is only slightly longer than the V. The P is short but wide in diameter and the transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is almost as long as the P but small in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 48.2). The V is smooth. The P presents two strong irregular longitudinal folded pleats that reach the A. The PP is folded and elongated with a pointed tip. It occupies almost the whole penial volume. The PP originates from the ER which is connected to the ELP. The two ELP are weak. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER(ELP)).</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>Charpentieria itala zalloti nom. nov. was named after Enrico Zallot (Feltre, Italy-Monster, The Netherlands), skilled malacologist, as a token of friendship and esteem.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47A137B854F75944B6ECCCB9896B43AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
68D3F251358C571BAC66875150A79565.text	68D3F251358C571BAC66875150A79565.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria ornata (Rossmaessler 1836)	<div><p>Charpentieria ornata (Rossmaessler, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 43.1, 43.2, 47.1</p> <p>Distribution and remarks.</p> <p>Charpentieria ornata has a wide distribution that includes Sudetes, southeastern Alps (Slovenia) and the western Dinarids (Welter-Schultes 2012). This species has a detached distribution which is not overlapping with C. itala and it is also frequently found (as the latter species) in disturbed habitats (walls, artificial limestone cliffs etc), revealing a good degree of anthropophily. Charpentieria ornata presents, for the subgenus, an unusually short pseudopapilla. Moreover, contrary to C. itala, the peristome is never detached from the body whorl.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Croatia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.225927&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.267376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.225927/lat 45.267376)">Ogulin</a> city centre, 320 m asl, 45°16'2.55"N, 15°13'33.34"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det. 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 43.1). The FO is almost as long as the V. The FDBC is as long as the BC+SDBC. The BC+SDBC is club-like to cylindric in shape, with slight distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is wide and rounded. The D is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC with a round apex. The V is long and slim. The PC is only 1.5 × longer than the V. The P is swollen. The PR is short and robust. The P-E transition is clearly visible. The E is as long as the P and much thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 43.2). The V is smooth. The P presents big irregular longitudinal pleats that reach the A. The pleats are smooth and discontinuous, irregularly splitting and merging one into another. The PP is smooth and short, almost triangular and doesn’t reach the A. It is detached from the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: PP+ELP. The ELP are small and smooth. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68D3F251358C571BAC66875150A79565	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
930BE5A09C8C56C394FD0D10617A057F.text	930BE5A09C8C56C394FD0D10617A057F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria stenzii subsp. butoti (Bank 1987)	<div><p>Charpentieria stenzii butoti (Bank, 1987)</p> <p>Figs 51.4-51.8, 56.2</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Trento, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.073022&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.215847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.073022/lat 46.215847)">Fai della Paganella.</a> 600 m asl, 46°12'57.04"N, 11°04'22.88"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Massif of Mount Paganella, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy (Zallot 2001: 154).</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 51.4). The V is shorter than the FO. The FDBC is slightly shorter than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is cylindrical in shape without clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner. The V is short and wider in diameter along its distal part. The PC is ~ 3 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is long and thin. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter along its proximal part.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 51.5-51.8). The A, the V and the P show many more or less irregular, mostly smooth longitudinal pleats. The hemipapilla is smooth and short. The outlet of the hemipapilla is triangular. The E shows two fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/930BE5A09C8C56C394FD0D10617A057F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
FD29D2C4399A5F9FA4524BB30DB9E0D7.text	FD29D2C4399A5F9FA4524BB30DB9E0D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria stenzii subsp. cincta (Brumati 1838)	<div><p>Charpentieria stenzii cincta (Brumati, 1838)</p> <p>Figs 52.1-52.6, 56.3</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.637295&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.194588" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.637295/lat 46.194588)">Pordenone</a>, Bosplans. 500 m asl, 46°11'40.51"N, 12°38'14.26"E, [Lab ID C2_2, COI: MW758953, ITS2: MW757049, MW757050], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm; Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Tarvisio, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.32142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.33765" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.32142/lat 46.33765)">Val Resia</a>, sella di Carnizza. 400 m asl, 46°20'15.55"N, 13°19'17.11"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria stenzii cincta presents a wide distribution, approximately including in Italy the Alpi and Prealpi Carniche and Giulie, Dolomiti, Cansiglio and Monti Lessini (Zallot 2001: 154), Stubai Alps (Tribulaun) and farther to the East: Alps of Carinthia and westernmost Slovenia.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 52.1).</p> <p>The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is slightly shorter than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is cylindrical to club-like in shape, without clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner. The V is very short and wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 3 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and swollen along its proximal part. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short and thin. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs (Figs 52.2-52.6).</p> <p>The A, the V and the P show many more or less irregular (longitudinal to oblique) smooth pleats. The hemipapilla is smooth to moderately folded and usually short. The outlet of the hemipapilla is slit-like. The E shows two fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD29D2C4399A5F9FA4524BB30DB9E0D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
BC460A526BD758D982E0128EAA207B35.text	BC460A526BD758D982E0128EAA207B35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria stenzii subsp. faueri (Bank 1987)	<div><p>Charpentieria stenzii faueri (Bank, 1987)</p> <p>Figs 53.1-53.4, 56.4</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Veneto, Vicenza, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.667845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.846607" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.667845/lat 45.846607)">Grotte di Oliero</a> near Valstagna. 800 m asl, 45°50'47.79"N, 11°40'4.24"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria stenzii faueri is exclusively known from Col del Vento and Grigno (Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige) and Oliero (Vicenza, Veneto), Italy (Bank 1987: 139).</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 53.1). The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is cylindrical to club-like in shape, without clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner. The V is very short and wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 3 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and swollen along its proximal part. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is as long as the P but much thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 53.2-53.4). The A, the V and the P show many more or less irregular smooth pleats. The hemipapilla is long, smooth to moderately folded. The outlet of the hemipapilla is triangular. The E shows two fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC460A526BD758D982E0128EAA207B35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
BA38914980815E608676622E40244051.text	BA38914980815E608676622E40244051.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria stenzii subsp. letochana (Gredler 1874)	<div><p>Charpentieria stenzii letochana (Gredler, 1874)</p> <p>Figs 54.1-54.6, 56.5</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Veneto, Belluno, Misurina, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.205558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.607616" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.205558/lat 46.607616)">Val Fonda.</a> 1500 m asl, 46°36'27.42"N, 12°12'20.01"E, [Lab ID C19_1, COI: MW758957], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria stenzii letochana is exclusively known from Val Fonda (Belluno, Veneto) and Val Pusteria (Schönleitental) (Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige), Italy (Nordsieck 1963b: 198).</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 54.1). The V is shorter than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is slim, club-like in shape, with a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner. The V is short and thin in diameter. The PC is ~ 2 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and slightly swollen along its proximal part. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is as long as the P but much thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 54.2-54.6). The V presents irregular smooth pleats. The A has a fleshy, mushroom-like fold. The P shows many irregular smooth to fringed pleats. The hemipapilla is short, smooth to moderately folded. The outlet of the hemipapilla is slit-like. The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA38914980815E608676622E40244051	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
EA2232B10AFD56D3BE62034D34B7CA1D.text	EA2232B10AFD56D3BE62034D34B7CA1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria stenzii subsp. nordsiecki (Fauer 1991)	<div><p>Charpentieria stenzii nordsiecki (Fauer, 1991)</p> <p>Figs 55.1, 55.2, 56.6</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Veneto, Treviso, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.147944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.968204" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.147944/lat 45.968204)">Cison di Val Marino.</a> 250 m asl, 45°58'5.53"N, 12°08'52.60"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 4 dissected spm.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria stenzii nordsiecki is exclusively known from the pre-alpine area of Cison di Valmarino, Valmareno and Passo San Boldo (Treviso, Veneto), Italy (Fauer 1991: 164).</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 55.1). The V is shorter than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is slim, fusiform in shape, without a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner. The V is moderately long and thin in diameter. The PC is ~ 3.5 × longer than the V. The P is slim and cylindrical. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is longer than the P and slightly thinner in diameter. The genital organs show an extremely slender appearance [recalling the ectomorph genital organs as described in De Mattia et al. (2020)].</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 55.1-55.2). The V and the A are smooth. The P shows 3 to 4 smooth pleats. The pleats proximally fade toward the transition with the E. The hemipapilla is missing. The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Charpentieria stenzii nordsiecki lacks the pseudopapilla and presents an extremely ectomorphic genital organs type. This morphotype of genital organs was already found in the genus Montenegrina [e.g., Montenegrina lillae Fehér &amp; Szekeres, 2016 and Montenegrina skipetarica (So ós, 1924)] (De Mattia et al. 2020). It seems that there is not direct correlation between ectomorphic state of genital organs and lack of the papilla/pseudopapilla as other Montenegrina taxa [e.g., Montenegrina janinensis (Mousson, 1859) or Montenegrina okolensis okolensis Szekeres, 2006] or also in Stigmatica [e.g., Stigmatica splendens (Nordsieck, 1996), see below)] that despite showing the lack of the papilla/pseudopapilla, present a mesomorphic state of genital organs (De Mattia et al. 2020). The complete absence of the papilla/pseudopapilla could probably represent an apomorphic character state due to isolation and lack of gene flow among populations.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA2232B10AFD56D3BE62034D34B7CA1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
90ADD6F6937B5F3DA5DB920F93FF64B8.text	90ADD6F6937B5F3DA5DB920F93FF64B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria stenzii subsp. paroliniana (De Betta & Martinati 1855)	<div><p>Charpentieria stenzii paroliniana (De Betta &amp; Martinati, 1855)</p> <p>Figs 55.3-55.5, 56.7</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria stenzii paroliniana is known from the lower Valle del Brenta from Carpanè, Cismon del Grappa to Primolano, and surrounding mountains on the right bank of the Brenta River (Foza, Vicenza, Veneto), Italy (Nordsieck 1963b: 196).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Veneto, Vicenza, Valstagna, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.649925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.874775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.649925/lat 45.874775)">Foza</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.649925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.874775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.649925/lat 45.874775)">Loc. La Goccia.</a> 800 m asl, 45°52'29.20"N, 11°38'59.73"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 55.3). The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and slightly thinner. The V is short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 2.5 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 55.4-55.5). The V is smooth. The P shows three to four irregularly fringed pleats that continue as far as the A. The hemipapilla is very short, conical and moderately folded. The outlet of the hemipapilla is triangular. The E shows two fringed ELP. They proximally fade out before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90ADD6F6937B5F3DA5DB920F93FF64B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
48396783077951D28CAED9E3C84A39DA.text	48396783077951D28CAED9E3C84A39DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria stenzii subsp. stenzii (Rossmässler 1836) stenzii (Rossmaessler 1836	<div><p>Charpentieria stenzii stenzii (Rossmaessler, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 51.1-51.3, 56.1</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, including westernmost Dolomites in the surroundings of Schlern mountain, Val di Non and Passo della Mendola (Nordsieck 1963b: 191; Zallot 2001: 154).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.108845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.36773" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.108845/lat 46.36773)">Trento</a>, San Romedio. 730 m asl, 46°22'3.83"N, 11°06'31.84"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 51.1). The V is slightly longer than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is cylindrical in shape without clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner. The V is short and wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 3 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical. The transition between P and EP is not clearly visible. The PR is short and thin. The E is slightly shorter than the P and thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 51.2-51.3). The A and the V are smooth or with weak irregular convolute pleats. The P presents irregular and wide longitudinal pleats. The hemipapilla is smooth and very short. The outlet of the hemipapilla is roundish. The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48396783077951D28CAED9E3C84A39DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
3D84B5D084DC56FEA1D6E693539275BB.text	3D84B5D084DC56FEA1D6E693539275BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charpentieria stenzii subsp. westerlundi Nordsieck 1993	<div><p>Charpentieria stenzii westerlundi Nordsieck, 1993</p> <p>Figs 55.6, 55.7, 56.8</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Charpentieria stenzii westerlundi is known only from Val Fiscalina (Fischleintal) in the surrounding of Sesto (Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige), Italy (Nordsieck 1963b: 196).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Bolzano, Sesto, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.361886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.63412" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.361886/lat 46.63412)">Val Fiscalina</a> (Fischleintal), Croda Rossa. 1500 m asl, 46°38'2.83"N, 12°021'42.79"E, I. Niero leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 55.6). The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and slightly thinner. The V is short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 2.5 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 55.7).</p> <p>The V is smooth. The P shows three to four irregularly fringed pleats that continue as far as the A. The hemipapilla is very short, conical and moderately folded. The outlet of the hemipapilla is triangular. The E shows two fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The original name of this "Form vom Fischleintal in Südtirol” (Nordsieck 1993: 36) namely Clausilia cincta var. disjuncta Westerlund, 1878, is pre-occupied by Clausilia disjuncta Mortillet, 1854 [= Armenica disjuncta (Mortillet, 1854)]. The new name Charpentieria stenzii westerlundi nom. nov. was provided by Nordsieck (1993: 36).</p> <p>Brief genital anatomical description of three Gibbularia gibbula subspecific taxa</p> <p>Gibbularia is a monotypic genus, currently considered both as a subgenus of Siciliaria (Nordsieck 2007; Nordsieck 2013a) or a subgenus of Charpentieria (MolluscaBase 2021).</p> <p>MolluscaBase eds. (2021) citation is based on Nordsieck (2002: 29) and the information provided by Nordsieck’s papers of 2007 and 2013a have never been subsequently adopted. The (sub)genus was briefly reviewed by Nordsieck (2013a: 6). The diagnosis is shell-based and the genus is subdivided into two main groups of species as seen in Table 9. Charpentieria (Gibbularia) gibbula honii (O. Boettger, 1879) differs from the Charpentieria (Gibbularia) gibbula gibbula (Rossmässler, 1836) by virtue of a few details of the buccal armature and shape of the clausilium (Nordsieck 2013a: 6). Although considered as a subgenus of Siciliaria by Nordsieck (2013a: 4) highlighted the lack of the epiphallar thickening in Gibbularia.</p> <p>In our study, two populations of Gibbularia gibbula gibbula underwent molecular genetic analysis and genital anatomical investigations, one from northern Italy: Muggia (Trieste) and one from Southern Italy: Apricena (Foggia) (Table 10). Their genital morphology is similar, with only slight differences such as the sculpturing of the internal penis (finely granulated vs. finely granulated + 1 weak smooth longitudinal pleats) and the presence of a weak epiphallar ring in the Apricena’s population. Both populations show a pseudopapilla directly originating from the epiphallar wall. Gibbularia gibbula cf. sanctangeli (not in the phylogenetic trees) from Gargano was also dissected and shows a remarkable different anatomy of the genital organs compared to the previous taxon. It shows an epiphallar ring that is connected to the ELP and also represents the origin of the pseudopapilla. In the mt tree, phylogenetic relationships among Gibbularia and the other genera, appear as a polytomy and low support values prevent us to provide any reliable statement. In the ITS2 tree, its distance from Charpentieria appears clear, preventing us to consider Gibbularia as a subgenus of Charpentieria as once listed by Nordsieck (2007).</p> <p>Gibbularia until now was considered as a subgenus of Gibbularia Siciliaria (MolluscaBase 2021; Nordsieck, 2013a). Our results indicate that no Gibbularia sample falls inside Siciliaria / Sicania subclades, suggesting a meaningful phylogenetic distance. Its position inside Siciliaria cannot be maintained, albeit its relationships with the other genera (mainly with Stigmatica), are still not clear. For this reason, we currently consider Gibbularia a valid genus until further results will be available.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D84B5D084DC56FEA1D6E693539275BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
EDBEFE7144825B2BAA66D01FBD13B37E.text	EDBEFE7144825B2BAA66D01FBD13B37E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gibbularia gibbula subsp. gibbula (Rossmässler 1836) gibbula (Rossmaessler 1836	<div><p>Gibbularia gibbula gibbula (Rossmaessler, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 57.1-57.4, 58.1-58.4</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The actual distribution of the genus Gibbularia is far from being completely understood. This is mainly due to the passive anthropocorous dispersion and the absence of clear data about its centre of dispersion. Only a wide range was provided, that includes eastern peninsular and northeastern Italy as far as Istria to central Dalmatia (Alzona 1971: 89; Welter-Schultes 2012: 340; Nordsieck 2013a: 3). The subspecific taxa, except for the nominotypic one, present restricted to very restricted distribution ranges, e.g., Gibbularia gibbula pelagosana from Pelagosa or Gibbularia gibbula selecta from Tremiti Islands (Alzona 1971: 89-90).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Muggia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.766867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.602474" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.766867/lat 45.602474)">Trieste</a>, Europa Gardens. 20 m asl, 45°36'8.91"N, 13°46'0.72"E, [Lab ID G64_1, COI: MW758958, ITS2: MW757048, MW757082, MW757083; Lab ID G64_2, COI: MW758959], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 57.3). The V is slightly longer than the FO. The FDBC is slightly longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and slightly thinner. The V is short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 2 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical. The transition between P and EP is visible. The PR is very short and robust. The E is much shorter than the P and thin in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 57.4). The V, the A and the P show a smooth with a fine granulation that becomes coarser along the proximal P. The pseudopapilla is short, roundish and originates directly from the P-E transition wall. The epiphallar formula is: PP. The E shows a particular sculpturing made of extremely tiny transverse, interrupted micro-pleats.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Puglia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.444423&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.783672" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.444423/lat 41.783672)">Foggia</a>, Apricena. 75 m asl, 41°47'1.22"N, 15°26'39.92"E, [Lab ID 12167_1, COI: MW758947; Lab ID 12167_2, COI: MW758948, ITS2: MW757055, MW757056, MW757057], H. Nordsieck leg and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 57.1). The V is half as long as the FO. The FDBC is 3 × longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and slightly thinner. The V is moderately long but small in diameter. The PC is ~ 2 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical. The transition between P and EP is not clearly visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is much shorter than the P and thin in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 57.2). The V and the A are smooth. The P presents four to five smooth longitudinal, little elevated pleats. The PP is short, roundish and originates directly from the P-E transition wall. The epiphallar formula is: ER(ELP)+PP. The weak distal ELP soon disappear revealing a smooth internal E.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDBEFE7144825B2BAA66D01FBD13B37E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
D80E120F038551DD83344FDF3C838305.text	D80E120F038551DD83344FDF3C838305.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gibbularia sanctangeli (A. J. Wagner 1925) Monterosato 1908	<div><p>Gibbularia gibbula cf. sanctangeli (A. J. Wagner, 1925)</p> <p>Figs 57.5, 57.6, 58.6</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The taxon is exclusively known from the southern slopes of Monte Sant’Angelo, Gargano Peninsula (Puglia, Italy) (Wagner 1925: 57).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Puglia, Mattinata close to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.08231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.754337" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.08231/lat 41.754337)">Vieste</a>, southern slopes of the Gargano Peninsula. 500 m asl, 41°45'15.61"N, 16°04'56.31"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 57.5). The V is 4 × shorter than the FO. The FDBC is much longer (2 ×) than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is remarkably longer than the SDBC+BC. The V is extremely short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 3.5 ×longer than the V. The P is spindle-like and slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is almost as long as the P but slightly thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 57.6). The V is smooth. The P shows four to five main vast smooth pleats. These pleats are mainly longitudinally arranged but tend to become smaller and irregular to transversal along the proximal P. The pseudopapilla originates from the epiphallar thickening. The ER is connected with the ELP. The epiphallar formula is: ER(PP+ELP). The E shows four to five small longitudinal pleats that merge into two smooth ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>As a shell, Gibbularia gibbula cf. sanctangeli shows reliable differences with the nominate subspecies, e.g., the bigger dimensions, the slender shape with flatter whorls, the suture without the darker band and the more prominent cervical keels. The principalis and the anterior upper palatal plicae are usually not visible from frontal view (Fig. 58.5). We cite this population as cf. Gibbularia gibbula sanctangeli, since the typical form is known from the type locality only and this one may represent a transitional form.</p> <p>Brief genital anatomical description of ten Stigmatica taxa</p> <p>Stigmatica (type species Clausilia stigmatica Rossmässler, 1836 = Siciliaria (Stigmatica) stigmatica) is currently considered as a subgenus of Charpentieria (MolluscaBase 2021) probably based on Nordsieck (2002: 29). Nordsieck’s decision (2007, 2013a) where Stigmatica is again deemed as a subgenus of Stigmatica Siciliaria wasn’t adopted. Stigmatica includes 16 taxa among species and subspecies and presents a wide distribution, including taxa from the SW Balkans (S Dalmatia, NW Greece and Ionian Islands, Montenegro and Albania) and Peninsular Italy from Tuscany southward and E Sicily (Welter-Schultes 2012; MolluscaBase 2021), in a typical pattern of trans-Adriatic distribution as already known for, e.g., Medora (Nordsieck 1970; 2012). In order to assess the relationships between Stigmatica and Siciliaria, four taxa of Stigmatica have undergone both molecular and genital anatomical investigations. Three additional populations were exclusively anatomically investigated (Table 10). In both the COI and ITS2 trees, Stigmatica forms three independent lineages, distant from Siciliaria / Sicania (Figs 4 - 6). In the ITS2 tree the few available clones confirmed its polyphyly, as Stigmatica pantocratoris pantocratoris from Corfu and Stigmatica stigmatica sturmii from Brindisi fall in different distant subclades. As a genital anatomical peculiarity, Stigmatica shows, even though rarely, the presence of a vestigial epiphallar flagellum, which has never been found in Siciliaria / Sicania. This structure, when present, is very difficult to be identified as extremely small and almost transparent. It was recorded in one specimen of Stigmatica incerta and Stigmatica vulcanica sigridae.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D80E120F038551DD83344FDF3C838305	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
464D0C8C9C0B599590E50AE106263C30.text	464D0C8C9C0B599590E50AE106263C30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mauritanica perinni subsp. polygyra (O. Boettger 1879)	<div><p>Mauritanica perinni polygyra (O. Boettger, 1879)</p> <p>Figs 37.6-37.10, 38.5, 38.6</p> <p>Clausilia (Mauritanica) polygyra Boettger in Kobelt 1879: 153.</p> <p>Charpenteria (Mauritanica) perinni polygyra - Nordsieck 2002: 27, 29, 35, 36.</p> <p>Charpenteria (Mauritanica) perinni polygyra - Nordsieck 2007: 54.</p> <p>Mauritanica perinni polygyra - Sparacio et al. 2020: 318.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Mauritanica perinni polygyra was recently revised by Sparacio et al. (2020: 318). Based on differences of the shell morphology alone, Sparacio et al. (2020: 319) proposed species status for Mauritanica perinni polygyra, independent from Mauritanica perinni perinni (Bourguignat, 1876). A genital comparison with the nominate subspecies was not possible since the genital organs of this taxon were not provided by Sparacio et al. (2020). Moreover, a comparison between our anatomical results and those provided by Sparacio et al. (2020: 337, figs 60-61) for Mauritanica perinni polygyra was rather difficult: Essential details, as the internal structure of the epiphallus and the presence/absence of the ER and ELP are not detectable. The fine structure of the internal penis is not clear and, contrary to our results that show a smooth internal wall, the vagina seems to have a smooth longitudinal pleat (2020: 337, fig. 61). The presence of the ET is not clear as well (2020: 337, fig. 60).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Tunisia, above Zaghouan (road to summit), 789 m asl, 36°22'2.45"N, 10°07'11.81"E, [Lab ID SMF335011_1, COI: MW758966, ITS2: MW757044, MW757045], ex Nordsieck coll. (11639), currently SMF 335011/1, 1 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 38.5, 38.6). Shell decollate or not decollate; whorls finely and irregularly striated, flat, with dense papillae along the sutures; dorsal keel indistinct; inferior lamella high; anterior upper palatal plicae absent; posterior upper palatal plica present; lunella dorso-lateral; little subclaustralis, clausilium plough-like with subrectangular plate (Sparacio et al. 2020: 318).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 1, decollate). shell height 22.4, whorl width 4.1, aperture height 3.3, aperture width 2.4.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 37.6). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V = 2.1). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly shorter than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC = 0.9). The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V = 1.4), with clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The SDBC is very short. The apex is big and round. The D is much longer than the V (D/V = 1.9) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC = 2.2), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is cylindrical but the presence of the spermatophore may modify its normal shape. The A is small. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V = 2.8). The PR is long and robust. The ET is not clearly visible. The E is shorter than the P (E/P = 0.9), gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 37.7). The A, V and the P show a very finely granulated surface. The PP is small, elongated. Its surface is very irregular, folded and its internal texture is spongy. The P-E transition is simple, with no ER. The origin of the PP is connected with one of the two ELP. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP). The E shows two smooth longitudinal pleats that fade before the VD. Between the ELP an irregular transverse small, interrupted pattern gives an overall coarse appearance.</p> <p>Spermatophore</p> <p>(Figs 37.8-37.10). The spermatophore is thin, elongated. It is 4.7 mm long and 0.8 mm wide at its widest point. The tail is pointed and sharp. The head is missing, probably already digested. The upper keel is simple and goes from the tip of the tail as far as the broken head part. The lower keel is missing.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Mauritanica perinni polygyra is a limestone dweller, on cliffs, crevices and under stones (Sparacio et al. 2020: 319).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Mauritanica perinni polygyra is known only from Djebel Zaghouan area (Sparacio et al. 2020: 319).</p> <p>An overview of Siciliaria related genera Charpentieria, Gibbularia, and Stigmatica</p> <p>The separation of Siciliaria and Sicania (and provisionally Mauritanica) from the other genera is well supported, but the relationships among Charpentieria, Stigmatica and Gibbularia remain unresolved and appear as polytomy in the trees. Charpentieria (four species included) forms one (poorly supported) clade but, the relationships within this clade received no considerable support. The genera Stigmatica and Gibbularia are not monophyletic and populations from distant areas show high genetic distances (Table 2). Stigmatica is based on Clausilia stigmatica by tautonomy and, in our trees (Figs 4 - 6), only this clade with the type species Stigmatica stigmatica can be deemed as a representative of this genus. Despite emerging from a polytomy, additional taxa included in our trees and currently considered as belonging to Stigmatica (namely Stigmatica vulcanica and Stigmatica pantocratoris) are clearly separated from the type species. We thus only conventionally keep them as Stigmatica species. A focused approach with more genetic markers and specimens is needed to identify the phylogenetic relationships among the species currently included into Stigmatica (following MolluscaBase 2021). A similar approach is used for Gibbularia, which needs to be excluded from Siciliaria / Sicania (Figs 4 - 6). Its phylogenetic relationship with the other genera is far from being resolved.</p> <p>Papillifera, which was used as outgroup, appeared monophyletic in our trees, even though the distances within this genus are in the same range as among different genera.</p> <p>Southern alpine Charpentieria</p> <p>The taxa included in the alpine Charpentieria itala - Charpentieria ornata - Charpentieria dyodon clade show a pan-Southern Alpine distribution, with C. dyodon isolated in Piemonte and Ticino, C. itala along central and eastern Southern Alps whereas C. ornata is present along the easternmost Southern Alps and northwestern Balkans. The taxa included in the C. stenzii subclade occupy the eastern Southern Alps, from eastern Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, W Slovenia and SE Austria.</p> <p>Despite the low support values, the COI and the ITS2 phylogenetic trees (Figs 4, 5) show a general picture where Charpentieria dyodon dyodon (S. Studer, 1820) appears as the sister species of Charpentieria itala (with C. itala itala, C. itala baldensis and C. itala lorinae). Charpentieria stenzii (with C. stenzii cincta and C. stenzii letochana) represents a separate clade.</p> <p>The results presented by Scheel and Hausdorf (2012: 3799, 3801) and Xu and Hausdorf (2021: 8) showed that C. dyodon is the sister species of the C. itala complex whereas C. stenzii is sister to C. ornata. These results are difficult to compare with our trees, but at least not in contrast.</p> <p>The stenzioid subspecies of C. itala included in our genital anatomical investigations (Charpentieria clavata, Charpentieria variscoi, Charpentieria balsamoi, and Charpentieria lorinae) were first assigned to C. stenzii (Käufel, 1928) but later transferred to C. itala by Nordsieck (1963a, b). In 2007, Nordsieck (2007) transferred these taxa to C. clavata. Scheel and Hausdorf (2012), following their molecular genetic results considered the stenzioid C. clavata as subspecies of C. itala, and thus, its subspecies obtained a new combination with C. itala. Scheel and Hausdorf (2012: fig. 3) and Xu and Hausdorf (2021: 6, fig. 5, supplementary table S1) revealed gene flow between C. stenzii and the stenzioid subspecies of C. itala across the contact zone and also highlighted several mixture events within the C. itala complex.</p> <p>The list of the dissected material (at least two specimens per population) is found in the Table 8.</p> <p>The present anatomical investigation indeed generated consistent results that are congruent with the molecular genetic outcomes.</p> <p>Charpentieria itala - Charpentieria ornata - Charpentieria dyodon and C. stenzii groups of taxa show the same external overall shape of the distal genital organs (Figs 40, 41, 43 - 46, 48, 49, 51 - 55). No major difference can be observed regarding the main genital parts as, e.g., the shape and relative dimensions of the OSD, FO, A and penial complex (P+E). Only the V is shorter in C. stenzii, with an average P/V ratio of 1.4 for C. itala and 2.3 for C. stenzii. Moreover, this general external genital arrangement of Charpentieria is not distinguishable by any means from Siciliaria, Sicania, and Mauritanica.</p> <p>The genus Charpentieria was introduced by Stabile (1864: 80) [type species: Charpentieria dyodon (S. Studer, 1820)]. The type species was subsequently designated by Kennard and Woodward (1923: 306). Boettger (1877: 53) listed only C. dyodon and its subspecies for the genus Charpentieria.</p> <p>Boettger (1877: 35) introduced the name Tirolica as "Gruppe der Stentzi " (type species: Delima stenzii = Charpentieria Charpentieria stenzii), that included most of the stenzioid southern alpine taxa known in 1877. This genus included taxa currently belonging to both Charpentieria itala (C. i. balsamoi and C. i. lorinae) and C. stenzii (C. s. stenzii and its synonym Clausilia saccata Küster, 1848, C. stenzii cincta and its synonyms: Clausilia rossmaessleri L. Pfeiffer, 1841, Clausilia cincta var. maior Rossmässler, 1842 and Clausilia cincta var. minor Westerlund, 1878 and finally C. s. letochana and its synonym Clausilia funki Gredler, 1874). Inexpicably, Boettger (1877:35) did not include the stenzioid C. stenzii paroliniana (De Betta &amp; Martinati, 1855) and C. itala clavata. Xu and Hausdorf (2021: 6), after sequencing 843 loci, found that C. stenzii is well embedded in Charpentieria. Although our anatomical investigations revealed a peculiar internal structure of the P-E transition and the penial pseudopapilla is found exclusively in C. stenzii (we named it hemipapilla, see point 6.6 for a detailed decription), we follow Xu and Hausdorf (2021) in not separating this group on generic level. The hemipapilla was not found in the stenzioid subspecies despite the notable gene flow with C. stenzii, as proven by Xu and Hausdorf (2021: 7).</p> <p>Boettger, 1877, introduced the genus Itala as "Gruppe der Itala itala " (type species: Delima itala = Charpentieria Charpentieria itala), including all the alpine non-stenzioid taxa, excluding C. dyodon but including two stenzioid taxa: C. stenzii paroliniana and C. itala clavata. He also included two taxa from the Balkans: Delima conspersa [= Strigilodelima conspersa (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)] and its synonym Delima platystoma Küster, 1850. As for Tirolica, the recent results by Xu and Hausdorf (2021: 6-8) indicated that the Charpentieria itala complex should not be separated on a (sub)generic level (i.e., Itala).</p> <p>Wagner (1925: 17) introduced the genus subgenus Clausilia Alpidelima [type species Clausilia itala Martens, 1824, by subsequent designation by Schileyko (2000: 664)] that must be deemed as a junior synonym of Charpentieria.</p> <p>Nordsieck (1963a: 95, figs 9-10; 97, fig. 11; 1963b: 185, 189, 193, 197) depicted the genital organs of some taxa currently belonging to the genus Charpentieria from the Alps. The sketchy drawings lacked important details, both concerning internal and external features. Except for fig. 11a of Nordsieck (1963a), the exact position of the insertion of the proximal vas deferens into the beginning of the free oviduct was not clear. The internal structure of the penis-epiphallus transition was not investigated. The pseudopapilla was shown, but its origin was missing as well as its connection to (and the presence/absence of) the epiphallar ring(s) and the epiphallar longitudinal pleats. Only in Nordsieck (1963a: fig. 11b) the origin of the pseudopapilla and the epiphallar ring seem to be roughly depicted. Nordsieck (1963a) reported the presence of the penial flagellum for all the four taxa, which is in contrast to our results, based on 63 specimens, where this particular anatomical structure was never detected despite careful check.</p> <p>He introduced a new subspecific taxon, C. itala serravalensis (1963a: 175), but depicted its external anatomy of the genital organs [Nordsieck, 1963b: 184-185, Abb. 47 Charpentieria itala Charpentieria serravalensis, Serravalle (präp. 109)] with the same genital drawing provided for C. itala itala in Nordsieck, (1963a: 97, fig. 11a, b). The shell description, genital organs and measures provided for C. itala serravalensis (Nordsieck 1963b: 175) match with the morphology of the specimens from Colli Euganei (San Donato, Barbarano Vicentino, Padova, Italy) (Fig. 44.1-44.4) studied in the present paper.</p> <p>Nordsieck cites C. itala itala (1963a) but unexpectedly, Nordsieck (1963b) neither cited the nominate subspecies, nor did he provide information about the type locality of the species</p> <p>Charpentieria itala was described by G. von Martens (1824: 442), but he did not provide any indication about the collecting site. L. Pfeiffer (1853: 606) reports the description of the species given by Martens. In his "Reisebemerkungen über einige Binnenschnecken Italiens", E. von Martens (1857: 129), the son of G. von Martens, finally gives precise indications where his father collected the first series of specimens of C. itala (between Mira and Dolo): "Zwischen Mira und Dolo hatte mein Vater auch früher seine Clausilia itala.". Dolo and Mira are located in the province of Venice, between Venice and Padova, along the river Brenta in the Pianura Padana. Being it a quaternary alluvial plain area, the specimens were probably collected on walls and houses. Eduard von Martens (1857: 129) collected more samples of C. itala from the walls of the Botanic Garden of Padova. These alluvial plain populations probably originate from downstream transport by creeks, deriving from the Colli Euganei and Colli Berici, which flow into the Brenta River.</p> <p>Brief genital anatomical description of Charpentieria dyodon subspecific taxa: the parapseudopapilla</p> <p>Charpentieria dyodon is the name-bearing species of the genus Charpentieria. It comprises five subspecies [C. dyodon dyodon (Studer, 1820; C. dyodon alpina (Stabile, 1859); C. dyodon paulucciana (Pollonera, 1885); C. dyodon studeri (Pini, 1885) and C. dyodon thomasiana (Küster, 1850)]. These taxa are distributed over an area that includes the western Southern Alps of Piemonte, Italy (from Dora Riparia River to Lago Maggiore) and the South Switzerland (Ticino and Valais). This species is not sympatric with any other Charpentieria species.</p> <p>In our COI tree only the nominate subspecies Charpentieria d. dyodon was included (Figs 4 - 6). It emerged as the sister species of C. itala, yet with only low node support.</p> <p>Three out of five subspecies of C. dyodon were anatomically investigated (Table 8). They revealed a common overall genital arrangement (Figs 40, 41), including a stable presence of the penial pseudopapilla. The pseudopapilla can be either simple or rooted. The internal wall of the penis is smooth, the epiphallus shows two fringed longitudinal pleats and the internal wall of V presents many smooth longitudinal pleats. Charpentieria dyodon has a distribution detached from C. itala with no overlapping areas. Charpentieria dyodon shows substantial differences of the shell characters (smooth or weakly striated surface, lunella mostly absent and no palatal folds, sutural papillae very scarce or absent) and epiphallar structure (see the following chapter).</p> <p>The four populations of Charpentieria dyodon included for dissection, revealed a very stable morphology of the genital organs (Figs 40, 41). The internal surface of the P is smooth and the V presents many smooth longitudinal pleats that stop before entering the atrium. The external transition between P and E is always visible. Charpentieria dyodon revealed a peculiar morphology of the pseudopapilla and the internal transition area between penis and epiphallus (Figs 40, 41). The parapseudopapilla involves the pseudopapilla and the epiphallar longitudinal pleats: the pseudopapilla has its origin at the distal end of one epiphallar longitudinal pleat (“occupied“ epiphallar longitudinal pleat) and the opposite wall is delimited and narrowed by the other epiphallar longitudinal pleat (“free“ epiphallar longitudinal pleat) and connected by a ER, creating a funnel-like structure. The PPP, at a first glance, resembles a true penial papilla, but it remarkably lacks the seminal channel. The extremely large ER of the PPP completely obstructs the lumen of the transition area. The connection between the penis and epiphallus is represented by a short, narrow passage, named "epiphallar funnel" (EF), that is found at the base of the PPP and it is quite difficult to detect.</p> <p>This parapseudopapilla represents an intermediate form between the simple structure of Charpentieria itala and the hemipapilla (HP) of Charpentieria stenzii. In the normal PP the transition stretch E is relatively wide and the counter wall opposite of the PP is represented by the simple P-E transition wall.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/464D0C8C9C0B599590E50AE106263C30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
9C6E9DED1516512C9904114FE0294560.text	9C6E9DED1516512C9904114FE0294560.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mauritanica scarificata (L. Pfeiffer 1856) De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Mauritanica scarificata (L. Pfeiffer, 1856) comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 37.1-37.5, 38.1-38.4, 39.8, 39.9</p> <p>Clausilia scarificata L. Pfeiffer 1856: 185.</p> <p>Clausilia scarificata - L. Pfeiffer 1859: 765.</p> <p>Clausilia sacrificata - Benoit 1876: 152.</p> <p>Clausilia confinata - Benoit 1881: 105.</p> <p>Clausilia (Siciliaria) confinata Monterosato 1892: 28.</p> <p>Siciliaria scarificata - Manganelli et al. 1995: 25.</p> <p>Charpentieria scarificata - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Siciliaria scarificata - Welter-Schultes 2012: 342.</p> <p>Siciliaria scarificata - Nordsieck 2013b: 7.</p> <p>Siciliaria scarificata - Liberto et al. 2015: 482.</p> <p>Charpentieria scarificata - De Mattia 2017k.</p> <p>Charpentieria scarificata - MolluscaBase eds 2021.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Marettimo, W of the town, path to Pizzo Falcone. 80 m asl, 37°58'11.08"N, 12°03'59.36"E, [Lab ID 2_1, COI: MW758915, ITS2: MW757112, MW757111; Lab ID 2_2, COI: MW758916], leg. WDM, JM, 12.vi.2015. 29 live spm, 4 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 38.1-38.4, 39.8-39.9). Shell mostly decollate; whorls ribbed, sutural papillae visible; dorsal keel indistinct ore missing; inferior lamella high; anterior upper palatal plica present, separated from or connected with upper palatal plica; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally receding, palatal edge distally somewhat or not bent upwards (as in Nordsieck, 2013b).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 35, decollate): shell height 18.5 ± 1.0, whorl width 4.6 ± 0.2, aperture height 4.0 ± 0.3, aperture width 2.9 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 37.1, 37.3). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 1.8-2.1). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.1-1.2). The BC+SDBC is cylindrical to club-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.3-1.4), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and round. The D is much longer than the V (D/V range 4.1-4.5) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.4-1.5), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is V-shaped with a narrow distal part next to the A. The A is large. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 3.0-3.3). The PR is short and robust. The E is longer than the P (E/P range 1.2-1.3), gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 37.2, 37.4-37.5). The A is smooth. The P presents two or three big smooth longitudinal pleats that originate directly from the rings of the pseudopapilla. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is small, smooth and with a pointed apex. It originates from the first proximal ER. The E shows two to four main but smooth ELP that fade before the VD. The wall of the E is smooth. The V is from almost smooth to very finely granulated. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+ 2ER+3ER(PP)+ELP.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Mauritanica scarificata comb. nov. is found in a variety of habitats: limestone walls and cliffs, isolated boulders, under rocks and among scree and rocky debris. The species is common and abundant throughout the Island of Marettimo. According to De Mattia (2017k) Mauritanica scarificata comb. nov. is considered Least Concern.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Mauritanica scarificata comb. nov. is endemic of the island of Marettimo.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C6E9DED1516512C9904114FE0294560	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
86CEAA0B13E15F7CB57505D571BDFC4D.text	86CEAA0B13E15F7CB57505D571BDFC4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papillifera Hartmann 1842	<div><p>Papillifera Hartmann, 1842</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The genus Papillifera was used as the outgroup genus in the molecular genetic analysis (Figs 4 - 6). The general features of the genus Papillifera were summarised by Nordsieck (2013a: 8) who provided two lists of synonyms without any explanation or justification. Papillifera includes two species: P. papillaris and P. solida (Margelli 2014; MolluscaBase 2021). The current known distribution and status of its (sub)specific taxa is far of being satisfactorily assessed, due to the unknown or inadequately evaluated validity of many old names.</p> <p>Papillifera is clearly distinguishable from Siciliaria s. s., Sicania and Stigmatica by its G-type clausiliar apparatus and the general shell features (e.g., the sutural dark band, see Fig. 68.1-68.7). In our study, we dissected the Papillifera samples that underwent molecular genetic investigations, which are shown in Fig. 67.1-67.12. The genital anatomical drawings of Papillifera papillaris papillaris (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Fig. 67.1-67.2), Papillifera papillaris affinis (Philippi, 1836) (Fig. 67.3-67.8), Papillifera papillaris transitans (Paulucci, 1878) (Figs 67.9-67.10), and Papillifera solida solida (Draparnaud, 1805) (Fig. 67.11-67.12) show a stable genital structure in dimensions, ratios among the main genital parts and internal features.</p> <p>Nordsieck (2013a: 8) highlights that the anatomy of the genital organs of Papillifera is the same as Siciliaria s. l. Following our anatomical investigations, this statement must be rejected, as the general internal architecture of the PC (P+E and transition) revealed to be substantially different from Siciliaria / Sicania and Stigmatica. In detail, Papillifera lacks the ET and the connecting longitudinal pleats between PP and the ELP. The epiphallar formula of Papillifera is: PP+ELP. The sculpturing of the internal walls of the penis are mainly smooth or with very soft longitudinal pleats. The pseudopapilla is elongated to rounded, smooth and unrooted, directly emerging from the P-E transition walls. The E shows two smooth ELP.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/86CEAA0B13E15F7CB57505D571BDFC4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
DCDE1BB485495F61AAB6D64BC33F088B.text	DCDE1BB485495F61AAB6D64BC33F088B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sicania crassicostata (L. Pfeiffer 1856) De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Sicania crassicostata (L. Pfeiffer, 1856) comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 30.1-30.4, 31.1-31.7, 39.1-39.2</p> <p>Clausilia crassicostata L. Pfeiffer 1856: 184.</p> <p>Clausilia crassicostata - Schmidt 1868: 40.</p> <p>Siciliaria crassicostata - Boettger 1877: 33.</p> <p>Clausilia crassicostata - Westerlund 1884: 45.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) crassicostata - Manganelli et al. 1995: 25.</p> <p>Charpentieria crassicostata - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Charpentieria crassicostata - Nordsieck 2007: 54.</p> <p>Siciliaria crassicostata - Welter-Schultes 2012: 339.</p> <p>Charpentieria crassicostata - De Mattia 2017g.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>. The morphology of the genital organs of Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. revealed to be very stable in both of the investigated populations (Fig. 30.1-30.4). The internal sculpturing of P is made of large longitudinal pleats that it is a common genital trait, with very few exceptions, for all the taxa belonging to Sicania.</p> <p>The shell is remarkably ribbed to percostated. It shares few characters with Sicania nobilis spezialensis comb. nov. stat. nov., e.g., the (mostly) missing AUPP, both the very short (or missing) ALPP and the spiralis (mostly) not overlapping the parietalis (Fig. 39.1-39.2).</p> <p>Although Sicania eminens comb. nov. was initially introduced by Schmidt (1868: 40) as a variety of Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. due to shell similarities (and distribution proximity), the mt tree based on COI sequences reveals Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. as a distinct clade which is the sister group of Sicania nobilis s. l. (Figs 4 - 6). Considering the ITS2 tree and the combined tree (COI plus ITS2), the relationships among the three taxa are not well resolved. Notably, the distances between the three taxa are in the same range (~ 13%; see Table 2). The form of Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. from the surroundings of Tonnara di Monte Cofano is remarkably percostate, whereas the population we investigated from Mangiapane is ribbed (as stated also in Nordsieck 2013b: 9).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Castelluzzo, cliffs W of the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.676187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.11247" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.676187/lat 38.11247)">Tonnara di Monte Cofano</a>, 50 m asl, 38°06'44.89"N, 12°40'34.27"E, [Lab ID 33_1, COI: MW758876; Lab ID 33_2, COI: MW758877, ITS2: MW757103, MW757104, MW757105MW757131], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 21.xii.2007. 3 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Custonaci, cliffs N of the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.669717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.094696" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.669717/lat 38.094696)">Mangiapane cave</a>, 63 m asl, 38°05'40.91"N, 12°40'10.98"E, [Lab ID 1_1, COI: MW758912, ITS2: MW757114, MW757113; Lab ID 1_4, COI: MW758924] W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 21.xii.2007. 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 31.1-31.8, 39.1-39.2).: Shell decollate; whorls markedly ribbed, in part percostate; dorsal keel weak; inferior lamella moderately high or high; anterior upper palatal plica missing, ALPP very short or mostly missing; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally somewhat or not bent upwards (Nordsieck 2013b).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 24, decollate). shell height 24.6 ± 1.2, whorl width 4.9 ± 0.1, aperture height 4.8 ± 0.3, aperture width 3.0 ± 0.1.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 30.1, 30.3). The FO is much longer than the V (FO/V range 2.8-3.0). The VD is thin along its whole course except for its proximal section that becomes wider. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.7-1.9). The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V = 2.0), with clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is wide and rounded. The D is much longer than the V (D/V range 3.0-3.1) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.6-1.9), thinner than the BC+SDBC, slim and with a pointed apex. The V is wide and cylindrical. The A is large. The PC is much longer than the V (P+E/V range 3.2-3.4). The PR is short and robust. The ET is missing. The E is thinner and slightly longer than the P (E/P range 1.0-1.3), gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 30.2, 30.4). The A shows few large fleshy pleats that are the direct continuation of the penial pleats. The P presents 3-6 longitudinal heavy fleshy smooth pleats that can sometimes become wrinkly and segmented. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The V shows an irregular pattern of fine pleats. Distally, the V shows a large fleshy continuous cushion that abruptly turns proximally into a dense and irregular net-like pattern of small smooth pleats. The PP is big, short and conical with a pointed apex. The PP is big, elongated and smooth. The P-E transition presents two slightly different structures in the two dissected population. The population from Tonnara Cofano presents one ER. The PP does not originate from an ER and is connected to ELP. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+PP(ELP). The Mangiapane population presents one ER with the PP originating from it. The ELP are not connected with the ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP)+ELP. The E has two main longitudinal pleats, heavily segmented towards the VD, that proximally fade or can also show three smooth longitudinal pleats that almost abruptly turn into an irregular pattern of dense, small, transversely-oriented papillae.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. was collected on limestone cliffs or under rocks and boulders. According to De Mattia (2017g) Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. is considered Critically Endangered, following the IUCN criteria B1ab(i,ii,iv,v); C2a(ii) mainly due its very restricted geographic range and the severe population fragmentation.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This species has a very limited distribution range, restricted to the western part of Monte Cofano north of Custonaci (Tonnara di Cofano and Cornino). A (probably) introduced population is known to occur on the Island of Favignana (Trapani) (Nordsieck 2013b), but we did not have the opportunity to check this record in the field, in order to assess whether or not the population is still extant.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DCDE1BB485495F61AAB6D64BC33F088B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099.text	3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sicania eminens (A. Schmidt 1868) De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Sicania eminens (A. Schmidt, 1868) comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 32.1-32.9, 33.1-33.12, 39.3, 39.4</p> <p>Clausilia crassicostata var. eminens Schmidt 1868: 40.</p> <p>Clausilia crassicostata var. eminens - Westerlund 1884: 45.</p> <p>Siciliaria crassicostata eminens - Alzona 1971: 92.</p> <p>Charpentieria eminens - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Charpentieria eminens - Nordsieck 2007: 53.</p> <p>Siciliaria crassicostata var. eminens - Welter-Schultes 2012: 339.</p> <p>Siciliaria eminens - Nordsieck 2013b: 9.</p> <p>Charpentieria eminens - De Mattia 2017h.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Sicania eminens comb. nov. inhabits a restricted range that approximately includes the surroundings of Custonaci and the S slopes of Monte Cofano in the east as far as Castellammare del Golfo in the west.</p> <p>The general genital outline is stable for all the dissected populations. The internal sculpturing of the penis reveals a basic pattern of one to four longitudinal pleats. The remaining main genital internal parts (penial pseudopapilla, epiphallus and atrium) show good stability despite slight variations, which will be described below. Only the internal wall of the vagina could be either smooth or with a strong sculpturing.</p> <p>The shell is remarkably ribbed although the number of the ribs (density) progressively decreases along a geographical S-N axis, whereby simultaneously the thickness of the ribs increases. Southern populations, e.g., from Dolina Buffara and Baglio Messina, present a dense ribbing (with an average of 70 ribs along the first whorl) whereby the northernmost populations from the environs of Mangiapane Caves and Scurati show much less rib density (with an average of 32 ribs along the first whorl). The northern populations are found a few hundred meters from the southernmost population of Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. and could be, by inexperienced eyes, easily confused with it. Probably this is the reason why the taxon was for long time considered as a subspecies of Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. (Alzona, 1971: 92). Nevertheless, Sicania eminens comb. nov. can be distinguished by the markedly pyriform shape of its shell and the presence of a strong anterior upper palatal plica and the ALPP, both of them clearly visible from outside of the shell’s aperture and missing in Sicania crassicostata comb. nov. (Figs 31.1-31.7, 39.1, 39.2).</p> <p>Sicania eminens comb. nov. is monophyletic in both the COI and in the ITS2 tree (both well supported). The ITS2 sequences were almost identical (Fig. 5). The distribution of the samples within the subclade, in spite of their low number, approximately reflects the S-N gradient in the rib density of the shells. The upper part includes the southern high-rib-density populations of Dolina Buffara and Baglio Messina, whereas the lower part includes the low-rib-density populations of Custonaci and Contrada Scurati. The results of the molecular genetic analysis, the morphology of the genital organs, conchological and biogeographic investigations confirm the status of Sicania eminens comb. nov. as a valid species, clearly distinguished from Sicania crassicostata comb. nov.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Custonaci, contrada Scurati, crossing with <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.669419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.082214" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.669419/lat 38.082214)">Strada Procinciale</a> 19, 60 m asl, 38°4'55.97"N, 12°40'9.91"E, [Lab ID 51_1, COI: MW758896, ITS2MW757072; Lab ID 51_2, COI: MW758897], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 12.iv.2017. 2 dissected specimens. Italy, Sicily, Custonaci, contrada <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.671439&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.08836" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.671439/lat 38.08836)">Scurati</a>, 60 m asl, 38°05'18.10"N, 12°40'17.18"E, [Lab ID 52_1, COI: MW758898; Lab ID 52_2, COI: MW758899, ITS2MW757071, MW757085, MW757086], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 12.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Custonaci, contrada Scurati, crossing with <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.669406&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.082233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.669406/lat 38.082233)">Strada Provinciale</a> 18, 65 m asl, 38°4'56.04"N, 12°40'9.86"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 12.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Custonaci, contrada <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.676187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.11247" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.676187/lat 38.11247)">Scurati</a>, limestone cliffs S of the village, 60 m asl, 38°06'44.89"N, 12°40'34.27"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 12.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Custonaci, Buffara, NE side of the hollow, 150 m asl, 38°04'0.52"N, 12°41'1.34"E, [Lab ID 49_1, COI: MW758892; Lab ID 49_2, COI: MW758893], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 12.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Custonaci, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.696856&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.06844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.696856/lat 38.06844)">Baglio Messina</a>, 340 m asl, 38°04'6.38"N, 12°41'48.68"E, [Lab ID 50_1, COI: MW758894, ITS2MW757073, MW757074, MW757075, MW757076; Lab ID 50_2, COI: MW758895], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 12.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 33.1-33.12, 39.3, 39.4). shell decollate; whorls ribbed; dorsal keel weak or missing; inferior lamella mostly high; anterior upper palatal plica strong, mostly separated from upper palatal plica, ALPP tending to be shortened but visible; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally somewhat or not bent upwards (Nordsieck 2013b).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 45, decollate): shell height 20.1 ± 0.7, whorl width 4.7 ± 0.3, aperture height 4.7 ± 0.4, aperture width 3.1 ± 0.1.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 32.1, 32.4, 32.6, 32.8). The FO is remarkably longer than the V (FO/V range 4.1-4.7). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.6-1.9). The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 2.1-2.5), with distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is wide and round. The D is much longer than the V (D/V range 4.4-4.9) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 2.4-2.7), thinner than the BC+SDBC, slim and with a pointed apex. The V is short, wide and cylindrical. The A is very large. The PC is much longer than the V (P+E/V range 3.7-4.2). The PR is short and robust. The ET is not present in all the dissected samples. The E is thinner and shorter than the P (E/P range 0.8-0.9), almost abruptly shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 32.2, 32.3, 32.5, 32.7, 32.9). The A shows few large fleshy pleats that are the direct continuation of the penial pleats. The P presents 1-4 longitudinal fleshy pleats. These pleats can be totally smooth (Contrada Scurati), only one or few of them are segmented (metameric) (Contrada Scurati, Dolina Buffara) or the only pleat is proximally segmented and distally irregular (Baglio Messina). The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is always very small and rounded. It is smooth but in Baglio Messina where it is remarkably wrinkly. The P-E transition presents three slightly different structures in the dissected populations. The samples from Dolina Buffara present one ER with the PP and ELP originating from the ER. Its epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP+ELP). The samples from Scurati show a common structure, namely a first distal ER where the PP originates and the ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP)+2ER(ELP). The population from Baglio Messina present a slight difference with a first distal ER, whereas the PP and the ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP+ELP). The E shows two main longitudinal pleats that can be either smooth or fringed. These two pleats distally originate from a set of smaller irregular pleats. The V can be either completely smooth or with a set of irregular smooth pleats.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Sicania eminens comb. nov. inhabits limestone cliffs and boulders, hiding in rock cracks and crevices. It is also found climbing on tree barks and decaying woods (Custonaci, Baglio Messina). This taxon has never been found syntopic with other Sicania or Siciliaria taxa. Along its eastern distributional range, it is sympatric with Siciliaria calcarae calcarae. According to De Mattia (2017h) Sicania eminens comb. nov. is considered Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1ab(iv,v)+2ab(iv,v). Approximately 20% of its distribution range (mainly in the southern part) is currently under a heavy quarrying activity. This results in a complete habitat destruction. Only a very small part of its distributional range falls under a protected area: Riserva Naturale Orientata di Monte Cofano, between Monte Cofano and Monte Palatimone. The subpopulations are fragmented and localised over very small areas. This species is assessed as Endangered since it has a very restricted geographic range, it occurs at less than five locations and there is a continuing decline in the quality of the habitat and in the number of mature individuals due to extended periods of drought in the summer. In addition, this species is an extremely sought-after item for shell collectors and traders (De Mattia 2017h).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The distribution range of Sicania eminens comb. nov. includes the southern slopes of Monte Cofano and Monte Palatimone in the north and, in the south, the line from Monte Sparagio-Castellammare del Golfo (east) and Monte Buffara (west). Nordsieck (2013b) includes the surroundings of Calatafimi and Monte Bonifato near Alcamo but recent field research failed to find this taxon in these localities.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C69BB3624235471A44383052EE45099	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
2C4C3C95036E5AB8BBC87F8317F3B9C1.text	2C4C3C95036E5AB8BBC87F8317F3B9C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sicania nobilis (L. Pfeiffer 1848) , s. l. 2021	<div><p>Sicania nobilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1848), s. l. comb. nov.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Sicania nobilis comb. nov. s. l. has a big, weakly striated shell, mostly decollate and whitish in colour. Sicania nobilis comb. nov. forms a well-supported clade in the COI tree. Even in the ITS2 tree almost all sequences cluster, except those of population 14 (SanVito Lo Capo, Torazza, 3 clones), which are found within the S. eminens + S. nobilis cluster. This might point towards hybridisation between those taxa. Such an assumption would deserve further investigation.</p> <p>Sicania nobilis comb. nov. cannot be framed within a precise genital morphological outline. The anatomy of the genital organs of Sicania nobilis comb. nov. exhibits significant differences among the populations (albeit stable within a population), especially concerning the features of the internal sculpturing of V (smooth to transversal pleats), penis (smooth, with tubercles of fringed longitudinal pleats) and the shape of the penial pseudopapilla (small and roundish to big and elongate). As seen in the genital descriptions, also ratios among principal genital parts show great variability. Sicania nobilis spezialensis stat. nov. comb. nov. shows a further different genital outline (Fig. 35.1-35.7) (e.g., the internal penis with robust smooth longitudinal pleats) that differs from all the Sicania nobilis s. l. dissected populations. Therefore, the morphology of the genital organs cannot serve as a specific diagnostic set of characters, except for Sicania spezialensis comb. nov., yet, from this taxon only one population was available.</p> <p>Sicania nobilis comb. nov. s. l. is clearly differentiated from the remaining Sicania / Siciliaria taxa by shell morphology, especially the waxy whitish surface of the whorls and the arrangement of the plicae and lamellae, as repeatedly reported in literature with detailed descriptions and differential diagnoses (Nordsieck 1984, 2002, 2013b; Beckmann 2004).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C4C3C95036E5AB8BBC87F8317F3B9C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
17FCECD3D08C54988418AC9AA0F90189.text	17FCECD3D08C54988418AC9AA0F90189.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sicania nobilis subsp. nobilis (nobilis (L. Pfeiffer 1848) nobilis (L. Pfeiffer 1848	<div><p>Sicania nobilis nobilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1848) comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 34.1-34.8, 36.1-36.13, 39.5-39.7</p> <p>Clausilia nobilis L. Pfeiffer 1848: 434.</p> <p>Clausilia sicula Benoit 1876: 151.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis episoma Brandt 1961: 7.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis - Manganelli et al. 1995: 25.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis (= Siciliaria episoma) - Manganelli et al. 1995: 25.</p> <p>Charpentieria nobilis - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Siciliaria nobilis - Welter-Schultes 2012: 341.</p> <p>Siciliaria nobilis - Nordsieck 2013b: 8.</p> <p>Charpentieria nobilis - De Mattia 2017i.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Castelluzzo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.6832695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.10612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.6832695/lat 38.10612)">Monte Cofano</a> E of Tonnara di Monte Cofano, 80 m asl, 38°06'22.04"N, 12°40'59.77"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 19.xii.2007. 2 dissected spm. I.D. 7. Italy, Sicily, San Vito lo Capo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.742603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.10714" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.742603/lat 38.10714)">Castelluzzo</a>, west cliffs E of town, 120 m asl, 38°06'25.71"N, 12°44'33.37"E, [Lab ID 60_1, COI: MW758906, ITS2: MW757065, MW757066, MW757067, MW757139; Lab ID 60_2, COI: MW758907; Lab ID 60_4, COI: MW758938; Lab ID 60_5, COI: MW758939], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 14.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, San Vito lo <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.735169&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.146893" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.735169/lat 38.146893)">Capo</a>, cliffs S of “El-Bahira” camping, 60 m asl, 38°08'48.81"N, 12°44'6.61"E, [Lab ID 62_2, COI: MW758914; Lab ID 62_3, COIMW758940], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 14.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, San Vito lo Capo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.77058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.175022" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.77058/lat 38.175022)">Torre delle Usciere</a>, 5 m asl, 38°10'30.07"N, 12°46'14.09"E, [Lab ID 18_1, COI: MW758918, ITS2: MW757106, MW757107], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 19.xii.2007. 2 dissected spm. " Charpentieria episoma " Italy, Sicily, San Vito lo <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.7271385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.181072" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.7271385/lat 38.181072)">Capo</a>, boulders W of the town, 50 m asl, 38°10'51.85"N, 12°43'37.70"E, [Lab ID 14_1, COI: MW758875, ITS2: MW757128, MW757129, MW757130], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 19.xii.2007. 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 36.1-36.13, 39.5-39.7). Shell decollate; with well-developed whitish surface layer; whorls mostly weakly rib-striated, with sutural papillae; dorsal keel missing; inferior lamella moderately high or high; anterior upper palatal plica present, mostly separated from the lunella; ALPP tending to be shortened, posterior lower palatal plica more or less reduced; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally somewhat or not bent upwards.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 45, decollate). shell height 22.9 ± 1.6, whorl width 5.0 ± 0.2, aperture height 4.8 ± 0.3, aperture width 3.6 ± 0.4.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 34.1, 34.3, 34.5, 34.7). The FO is much longer than the V (FO/V range 1.9-3.4). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly shorter or longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 0.9-2.1). The BC+SDBC is club-like to cylindrical and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.4-3.1), with no distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and round. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 2.1-3.3) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.3-2.0), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small but round apex. The V is short, cylindrical and large in diameter. The A is very large. The PC is much longer than the V (P+E/V range 1.8-3.7). The PR is very short and robust. The ET is always present. The E is slightly longer than the P (E/P range 1.2-1.6), very gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 34.2, 34.4, 34.6, 34.8). The A is smooth or shows weak large longitudinal pleats. The V shows a variable pattern of sculpturing: from smooth to an irregular pattern of small pleats. The P also presents a variable pattern of sculpturing: totally smooth or with coarse and irregular big tubercles, or one or two longitudinal remarkably segmented pleats. The PP can be either big, elongated with a rounded or pointed apex or small, short, round and totally smooth. The P-E transition presents two different structures. The samples from Cofano (7), San Vito (14) and Torre Usciere (18) present a first distal and a second median ER while both the PP and ELP originates from a third proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER+3ER(PP+ELP). The samples from Castelluzzo (60) and San Vito cliffs (62) present a simpler ephiphallar thickening structure, namely a first distal ER and the PP originates from the second proximal ER. The ELP are not connected to the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP)+ELP. The E shows two main longitudinal smooth or fringed pleats that distally fades out or abruptly ends before the VD. These pleats originate from the merging of 3-7 Clausilia minor distal pleats. The V is smooth.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Sicania nobilis nobilis comb. nov. is a strictly limestone dweller and inhabits cliffs and big isolated boulders, hiding among rock cracks and crevices. It is found both in dry, sun exposed cliffs (i.e., San Vito lo Capo, cliffs S of ”El-Bahira“ camping) or shady walls under dense tree cover (San Vito lo Capo, Castelluzzo, west cliffs E of town). According to De Mattia (2017i) Sicania nobilis nobilis comb. nov. is considered Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Sicania nobilis nobilis comb. nov. is known to occur in two limestone massifs: Monte Cofano and in San Vito lo Capo Peninsula, from Monte Acci to Monte Monaco.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Siciliaria nobilis episoma hwas described by Brandt (1961: 7) from "Barbello bei San Vito" by its smaller dimensions, opaque (glanzlose) and markedly striated (scharf rippenstreifigen) shell. Although we were unable to find the locality named Barbello, the description of this taxon corresponds to a population known to inhabit the area east of San Vito lo Capo at Torre dell’Usciere, on limestone cliffs few meters from the shoreline. In the mt tree, this population is positioned within the Sicania nobilis clade (Figs 4 - 6) its COI sequence almost identical to that of an individual from San Vito (ID 14_1). The distinctive shell characters provided by Brandt (1961) reveal to be weak and not reliable to justify the introduction of a new subspecific name. The “opaque” and the "markedly striated" shell surface seems to be a common character of Sicania nobilis comb. nov. (see Figs 36.1. 36.4, 36.7 and 36.10, 36.13), as well as the shell’s dimensions that fall inside the variability of Sicania nobilis nobilis comb. nov. Moreover, also regarding the morphology of its genital organs, Sicania nobilis " Sicania episoma " does not show any substantial difference from the nominate subspecies. We therefore support the opinion of Nordsieck (2007: 54) that the name " Sicania episoma " should be deemed as a junior synonym of S. nobilis nobilis comb. nov.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/17FCECD3D08C54988418AC9AA0F90189	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
BD9C4051F7C05EBA890AA01BD7B8CEBC.text	BD9C4051F7C05EBA890AA01BD7B8CEBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sicania nobilis subsp. spezialensis (Nordsieck 1984) , stat. nov. 2021	<div><p>Sicania nobilis spezialensis (Nordsieck, 1984), stat. nov. comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 35.1-35.7, 36.14-36.16</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) spezialensis Nordsieck 1984: 202.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) spezialensis - Manganelli et al. 1995: 25.</p> <p>Charpentieria spezialensis - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Siciliaria spezialensis - Welter-Schultes 2012: 343.</p> <p>Siciliaria spezialensis - Nordsieck 2013b: 9.</p> <p>Charpentieria spezialensis - De Mattia 2017j.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, San Vito Lo Capo, Macari, E side of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.7359&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.12827" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.7359/lat 38.12827)">Monte Speziale</a>, 75 m asl, 38°07'41.78"N, 12°44'9.24"E, [Lab ID 63_1, COI: MW758910, ITS2: MW757039, MW757040; Lab ID 63_2, COI: MW758911], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 14.iv.2017. 4 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 36.14-36.16). Shell decollate; whorls densely ribbed, without or with very weak sutural papillae; dorsal keel absent; inferior lamella moderately high; anterior upper palatal plica absent, posterior upper palatal plica very short; ALPP very short to knob-like, posterior lower reduced; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally not bent upwards (see Nordsieck, 1984: 202).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 24, decollate). shell height 22.2 ± 1.3, whorl width 5.1 ± 0.2, aperture height 4.1 ± 0.3, aperture width 2.8 ± 0.3.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 35.1, 35.3). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 1.9-2.2). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.1-1.2). The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.7-1.8), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and rounded. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 2.1-2.3) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.3-1.7), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is cylindrical. The A is very large. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 1.8-2.0). The PR is short and robust. The E is almost as long as the P (E/P range 0.8-0.9), gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 35.2, 35.4-35.7). The V distally presents a set of irregular, weak, and fleshy folds that proximally become a set of oblique smooth pleats. The A shows a set of irregular fleshy folds. The P presents 4-to 6 longitudinal fleshy smooth pleats, slightly depressed in the middle forming a sort of longitudinal hollow. These pleats distally become weak and irregular entering in the A. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is little, rhombus-shaped and smooth. The P-E transition presents a first distal ER, whereas the PP and the ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP+ELP). The E shows a pattern of three or four irregular longitudinal fringed pleats. The wall of the E is smooth.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Sicania nobilis spezialensis stat. nov., comb. nov. is a strictly limestone dweller and inhabits cliffs, hiding among rock cracks and crevices. As previously deemed as a species, according to De Mattia (2017j) the taxon is Critically Endangered.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Sicania nobilis spezialensis stat. nov., comb. nov. is known only from the type locality: along the western cliffs of Monte Speziale in the surroundings of Macari (San Vito lo Capo). No overlapping zone with Sicania nobilis nobilis stat. nov., comb. nov. is known until now. Although, in its original description, the taxon was reported for one locality only (Nordsieck 1984: 202 "Monte Speziale bei San Vito"), the same author reported later and extended area of distribution (Nordsieck 2013b: "from Macari and Castelluzzo to Monte Speziale and Monte Acci").</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Sicania nobilis spezialensis stat. nov., comb. nov. is now considered as a subspecies of S. nobilis. It is well embedded within the clade of Sicania nobilis in both COI and combined trees. Sicania nobilis spezialensis stat. nov., comb. nov. is a local isolated, spatially restricted ribbed form of the more widespread Sicania nobilis comb. nov. with few different features of the shell, viz. the lack of the anterior upper palatal plica and a clausilium plate that fits into a frame of the palatal plicae.</p> <p>Mauritanica taxonomic part</p> <p>The genus Mauritanica comprises four species that are distributed over northeastern Algeria and central-northern Tunisia (Nordsieck 2002; Sparacio et al. 2020). It is currently considered as a subgenus of Charpentieria (MolluscaBase 2021). Only the Tunisian taxa were recently reviewed (Sparacio et al. 2020), mainly by means of shell morphology and a brief analysis of the anatomy of the genital organs, discussing the position of the genus and separating it from Charpentieria without involving additional morphological and molecular genetic data.</p> <p>In our molecular genetic analysis (Figs 4 - 6) we only had Mauritanica perinni polygyra available. In the COI, ITS2 and combined trees, this species falls outside the Siciliaria / Sicania clades, forming a separate independent clade together with Siciliaria scarificata, endemic to Marettimo. In the COI tree, this clade represents the “sister” clade of Sicania (average p distance 17%) and the same is found in the ITS2 tree (Fig. 5), yet with lower support. Despite low sample number, no association with any of the other Charpentieria lineages was observed.</p> <p>The separation of Mauritanica from Siciliaria / Sicania is consistent through all the trees, thus we provisionally keep Mauritanica as a distinct genus, although the type species Mauritanica tristrami (L. Pfeiffer,1861) was not available to us. In order to fully understand the phylogenetic relationships of Mauritanica with Siciliaria / Sicania more genetic markers and specimens are essential.</p> <p>Both M. perinni polygyra and M. scarificata underwent anatomical investigation. A similar external genital morphology was detected. The only noticeable difference is the relative length of the FO, with a V/FO ratio of 1.1 for M. scarificata and 0.6 for M. perinni polygyra. Remarkable differences were detected regarding the internal details of the penial complex. Mauritanica scarificata presents 3 ERs with a very short and globose PP that makes it fall into the general Siciliaria / Sicania genital anatomical arrangement. Mauritanica perinni polygyra lacks any ER and the PP is irregular with a convolute surface pattern. It is directly connected to the OELP. Unfortunately, the genital descriptions and the pictures provided by Sparacio et al. (2020) do not include fine details of the internal genital organs (ER, PP structure and origin, ELP etc) so that any comparison to our results is impossible.</p> <p>Following our genital anatomical investigations, the common genital anatomical traits deemed by Nordsieck (2013a, 2013b) to justify his proposal to consider Mauritanica as a subgenus of Siciliaria, namely, "the presence of a thickening in the passage from the penis to the epiphallus and the indistinct delimitation between proximal and distal penis" revealed that it is probably not a reliable feature. The thickening was not found in Mauritanica perinni polygyra (Fig. 37). Moreover, the delimitation between proximal and distal penis revealed to be an extremely subtle and variable character also in Siciliaria, Charpentieria and Stigmatica. Only few taxa of Charpentieria show a detectable, constant and distinct delimitation between proximal and distal penis [e.g., Charpentieria itala lorinae (Fig. 46.7) and Charpentieria itala trepida (Fig. 49.1)].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD9C4051F7C05EBA890AA01BD7B8CEBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
2E574A6B47265CBBB7E28CD4BEED44DB.text	2E574A6B47265CBBB7E28CD4BEED44DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria calcarae (Philippi 1844) s. l. 1867	<div><p>Siciliaria calcarae (Philippi, 1844) s. l.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>In the COI tree two subclades of Siciliaria calcarae s. l. appear together with S. leucophryna in an unresolved trichotomy. The subspecies of Siciliaria calcarae are distributed within two haplogroups, one (haplogroup 1) comprising the nominate subspecies as well as S. c. belliemii, S. c. borgettensis ssp. nov., S. c. orlandoi, S. c. parajatinensis ssp. nov. and the other one (haplogroup 2) consisting of S. c. cruenta ssp. nov. and S. c. jatinensis ssp. nov. Unfortunately, S. parajatinensis could not be included into the ITS2 analysis. Yet, given the low distances among all representatives of S. calcarae in the ITS2 tree (and the resulting bad resolution), this data set does not tell us much concerning these relationships. Thus, presently the close relationship between S. c. orlandoi and S. c. parajatinensis hast to rely on mt data only. Concerning the anatomy of the genital organs, shell morphology, distribution, ecology and haplogroup of Siciliaria calcarae, two general types can be distinguished for each category.</p> <p>Genital organs.</p> <p>Two main anatomical types of male (penial) internal sculpturing are found. The first type presents clear longitudinal pleats that run from the origin of penial pseudopapilla down to (or almost to) the atrium. These longitudinal pleats can be either (almost) completely smooth (Monte Belliemi) or more or less markedly fringed (Calatubo, Romitello, Ficuzza, Jato city park, Monte Kumeta, and Castelluzzo). The second type presents transverse and strong smooth pleats (Bonifato, Gibilmesi, and Visicari).</p> <p>Sculpturing of the surface of the teleoconch.</p> <p>The first type corresponds to S. calcarae calcarae (Philippi, 1844) morphotype, which is more or less striated (Bonifato, Ficuzza, Romitello, Visicari, Gibilmesi, and Castelluzzo), whereas the second type presents a markedly ribbed shell (Calatubo, Jato city park, Monte Kumeta, and Monte Belliemi).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Throughout the whole S. calcarae distribution, the nominate subspecies S. calcarae calcarae has the widest distribution, whereas all the remaining subspecies have an isolated, punctiform distribution. The populations from Alcamo, Visicari and Castelluzzo belong to the widely distributed nominate subspecies (1)m whereas the remaining populations (Ficuzza, Calatubo, Monte Kumeta, Jato city park, Romitello, Gibilmesi and Monte Belliemi) belong to limited, punctiform populations (2).</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>The populations belonging to this subclade were collected in two main ecological niches. Most of them (type 1) were found on limestone rocks and cliffs (Jato city park, Bonifato, Calatubo, Gibilmesi, Monte Kumeta, Romitello, Monte Belliemi and Visicari), whereas the other populations (type 2), from Ficuzza and Castelluzzo, were exclusively found on tree trunks.</p> <p>Haplotypes.</p> <p>Concerning the haplogroups of the Siciliaria calcarae clade, eight populations fall into subclade 1 (Bonifato, Calatubo, Romitello, Monte Belliemi, Visicari and Catselluzzo, Monte Kumeta, Ficuzza), whereas two populations (Gibilmesi, and Jato city park) fall in to the subclade 2. Siciliaria calcarae orlandoi Liberto et al., 2016 was recently described from a few scattered localities restricted to Bosco Ficuzza (Corleone, Sicily) (Liberto et al. 2016: 371). The arrangement of the internal penial sculpturing of the holotype seems not matching with what was found by our dissection, where, instead of "two long weak longitudinal furrows" (Liberto et al. 2016: 372) a set of transverse, interrupted fleshy smooth pleats were found instead. Yet, the authors provided besides pictures and description of the external morphology of the genital organs, only very few details on the internal morphology of the genital organs, namely: "internal walls of penis show two long weak longitudinal furrows; conic penial papilla, with slightly pointed apex and a restriction to the base". The brief description and the quality of the images (Liberto et al. 2016: 375) do not allow accurate comparison of the internal features with those found in the present analysis. Moreover, the pseudopapilla was erroneously considered as a true penial papilla.</p> <p>The position of S. calcarae orlandoi in the COI tree within haplogroup 1 is close to sequences of a population of Siciliaria from the western slopes of Monte Kumeta. Despite the close phylogentic relationship of this population with S. calcarae orlandoi, the differences in the arrangement of the internal male genital organs (a set of transverse, interrupted fleshy smooth pleats and epiphallus with two main fringed chords vs. smooth longitudinal pleats and smooth proximal epiphallus) as well as the remarkable differences concerning shell morphology (see also Liberto et al. 2016: 372 for a comparative discussion with conspecific taxa) we propose the population from Monte Kumeta as S. calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov.</p> <p>Two additional new subspecies of Siciliaria calcarae will be described in the following sections: S. calcarae borgettensis ssp. nov. and S. calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. Both taxa, despite showing close phylogenetic relationships with the other Siciliaria calcarae taxa, present distinctive shell and genital characters strong enough to propose their description as new subspecies.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E574A6B47265CBBB7E28CD4BEED44DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
0FD3497A9F6A56FB806DCF1C3379BDD4.text	0FD3497A9F6A56FB806DCF1C3379BDD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria calcarae subsp. belliemii (Brandt 1961) Vest 1867	<div><p>Siciliaria calcarae belliemii (Brandt, 1961)</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 16.7-16.11, 17.1-17.6, 24.4</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) calcarae belliemii Brandt 1961: 9.</p> <p>Charpentieria calcarae belliemii - Nordsieck 2007: 53.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae belliemii - Nordsieck 2013b: 8.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) calcarae belliemii - Liberto et al. 2016: 371.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Partinico, W side of the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.110497&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.00624" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.110497/lat 38.00624)">Mount Belliemi</a>, 440 m asl, 38°00'22.47"N, 13°6'37.79"E, [Lab ID 54_1, COI: MW758900, ITS2: MW757134, MW757135, MW757136; Lab ID 54_2, COI: MW758901], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 12.iv.2017. 15 live spm, 3 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Alcamo, E side of the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.987041&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.01522" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.987041/lat 38.01522)">Calatubo Castle</a>, 75 m asl, 38°00'54.80"N, 12°59'13.35"E, [Lab ID 44_1, COI: MW758889, ITS2: MW757122, MW757123; Lab ID 44_2, COI: MW758913; Lab ID 44_3, COI: MW758930; Lab ID 44_4, COI: MW758931], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 14.iv.2017. 18 live spm, 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 17.1-17.6, 24.4). not decollate; whorls ribbed, with sutural papillae; dorsal keel indistinct or missing; inferior lamella moderately high to low; anterior upper palatal plica present, separated from upper palatal plica, sometimes lower anterior upper palatal plica present; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally more or less strongly bent upwards.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 40, not decollate, Monte Belliemii): shell height 17.6 ± 1.2, whorl width 3.1 ± 0.1, aperture height 2.9 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.0 ± 0.1. (n = 22, not decollate, Calatubo): shell height 19.6 ± 1.4, whorl width 3.9 ± 0.2, aperture height 3.4 ± 0.2, aperture width 3.0 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 16.7, 16.9). The FO is slim and long. The ratio FO/V ranges from 2.0 to 2.2. The VD is very thin along its whole course. The ratio of the BC+SDBC with the BC+SDBC+the second duct (FDBC/BC+SDBC) ranges from 1.4 to 2.1. The BC+SDBC can be either cylindrical or club-like, with either a pointed or a blunt apex. It is slightly shorter or as long as the V, with a ratio (SDBC+BC/V) that ranges from 0.9 to 1.0. The transition between the BC and then SDBC is little visible or almost indistinguishable. The D is long, with a ratio with the V (D/V) that ranges from 2.9 to 3.1. It is thinner or as thin as the SDBC+BC, cylindrical in shape with a rounded thin apex. The ratio D/BC+SDBC ranges from 2.1 to 2.4. The V is short and cylindrical. The A is short but wide. The PC is much longer than the V, with range (PC/V) 2.8-3.1. The P is wider than the V, cylindrical or distally swollen. The PR is robust. The E is thin and slightly shorter or as long as the P, with the ratio E/P ranging 0.9-1. It gradually shrinks and turns into the VD. The actual transition area between E and the VD can be clearly visible or almost indistinguishable and it is clearly visible only from inside.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 16.8, 16.10, 16.11). The A shows 3-5 large longitudinal pleats oriented towards the P. The P presents 4-6 longitudinal fleshy and smooth pleats, gradually narrowing towards the A. Sometimes the lower pleats gradually become irregularly segmented. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is big, nipple-like in shape, smooth with a rounded apex. The P-E transition presents two slightly different structures in the two examined populations. The population from Monte Belliemi (type locality) presents a first distal ER, the PP originates from the second proximal ER. The ELP are not connected to the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP)+ELP. The population from Calatubo presents a first distal ER, while the PP and ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP+ELP). The E shows 4-6 irregular metameric longitudinal and irregular pleats that gradually disappear toward the distal origin of the vas deferens. The V shows a coarse chevron pattern made of large fleshy pleats, merging together along the median longitudinal axis or sometimes presents an irregular pattern made of small irregular fleshy pleats.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>The subspecies inhabits both scattered isolated boulders (Monte Belliemi) or limestone cliffs (Calatubo Castle). This subspecies is known only from two localities with very limited size, although it is abundant. Both localities are not included in protected areas.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae belliemii is known from Monte Belliemi near Partinico and from the limestone cliffs of the Calatubo Castle near Alcamo.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The Calatubo population is bigger than the population from the type locality (Monte Belliemi). The average shell heights are 19.6 ± 1.4 vs. 17.6 ± 1.2. The two populations occupy remarkably different ecological niches: high cliffs vs isolated small boulders scattered throughout open fields. Could the different ecology of the two populations be the origin or cause of such different dimensions of the shell? This interesting hypothesis could be tested also including other Siciliaria calcarae ssp. populations found both on limestone cliffs or different niches as tree’s barks (Visicari, Castelluzzo and Ficuzza).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FD3497A9F6A56FB806DCF1C3379BDD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
0CC45FED6686573AB77CB81B8A3DC2E5.text	0CC45FED6686573AB77CB81B8A3DC2E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria calcarae subsp. borgettensis De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Siciliaria calcarae borgettensis ssp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 18.1-18.2, 19.1-19.5, 24.5, 24.6</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Municipality of Borgetto, Anime Sante hill, road to Romitello, 400 m asl, 38°02'59.53"N, 13°08'58.55"E.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>1 Holotype (NHMW 113613) [Lab ID 46_1, COI: MW758890, ITS2: MW757080, MW757089, MW757090] and two Paratypes (NHMW 113614): Italy, Sicily, Municipality of Borghetto, Anime Sante hill, road to Romitello, 400 m asl, 38°02'59.53"N, 13°08'58.55"E, [Lab ID 46_2, COI: MW758891; Lab ID 46_3, COI: MW758932], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 22.vi.2015. 3 dissected spm. 3 Paratypes (CWDM 18223): same locality.</p> <p>Shell diagnosis.</p> <p>Shell not decollate; whorls rib-striated; dorsal keel not distinguishable; inferior lamella very high; anterior upper palatal plicae present detached from the lunella; parietalis short partially overlapping of the spiralis; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally receding, plate gutter-like narrowed, palatal edge against distal end bent upwards and more or less pointed.</p> <p>Shell description</p> <p>(Figs 19.1-19.5, 24.5, 24.6). The shell is elongated, fusiform to slightly pyriform, sinistral and not decollate. It is light reddish-brown in colour. The external surface is irregularly ribbed and striated. The spire is slowly and regularly growing with 9 ½ -10 ¼ slightly convex whorls. The sutures are shallow with whitish papillae, mainly present along the 4th-8th whorls. The whitish papillae become much less dense along the first four whorls of the teleoconch. The suture is dark red in colour, forming a darker line along it. The basal and the cervical keels are almost indistinguishable or not present. The umbilicus is closed. The aperture is ~ 1⁄4 of shell height and subovoid in shape. The PRI is long and moderately raised, wider along its posterior part and not fused with the L. The PRI is not visible from a frontal view of the aperture. The L is anterior, with a very reduced, knob-like PUPP connected to it. The AUPP is strong, detached from the L and well visible from the aperture. The BAS starts directly from the L and it is long and strong, clearly visible from the aperture. The SCL is vestigial to absent. The IL is very high. The SUL is tooth-like and partially overlaps with the spiralis. The SCOL is not emergent. The peristome is continuous, markedly thickened and reflected. It is not superiorly fused to the wall of the first whorl. The palatal edge of the clausilium is distally receding and bent upwards. The plate is narrow and gutter-like. The palatal edge against distal end is bent upwards and more or less blunt.</p> <p>Measurements.</p> <p>Holotype: not decollate shell height 18.7, whorl width 4.2, aperture height 3.9, aperture width 2.8. Paratypes (n = 20, not decollate): shell height 19.0 ± 0.3, whorl width 4.3 ± 0.1, aperture height 3.8 ± 0.1, aperture width 2.9 ± 0.1.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 18.1).</p> <p>The FO is as long as or slightly longer than the V (FO/V range 1.0-1.1). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.5-1.8). The BC+SDBC is club-like to cylindrical and as long as the V (BC+SDBC/V = 1.0), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and rounded. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 2.2-2.7) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 2.1-2.5), slightly thinner than BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is cylindrical. The A is very large. The PC is longer than the V (PC/V range 2.1-2.2). The PR is long and robust. The transition P-E does not show any ET. The E is almost as long as the P (E/P range 0.8-0.9), gradually shrinking and turning into the VD. The transition area between the E and the VD is not clearly visible outside.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 18.2). The A shows a set of irregular fleshy folds. The P presents four to five large longitudinal fleshy segmented pleats. These pleats distally become weak and irregular entering in the A. The fine structure of the penial wall is smooth. The PP is big, rhombus-shaped and smooth. The P-E transition presents one ER with the PP originating from it. The ELP are not connected with the ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP)+ELP. The E shows a pattern of 3 to 4 irregular longitudinal extremely fringed pleats. These pleats abruptly fade and most of the epiphallus is smooth. The V is smooth with a finely granulated surface.</p> <p>Comparative and taxonomical remarks.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae borgettensis ssp. nov. was reported as "Sagana form" in Nordsieck (2013b: 8; personal communication), which differs from the nominate subspecies by a higher inferior lamella, a lower anterior upper palatal plica more or less developed and the palatal edge of the clausilium less strongly bent upwards. The type locality (Anime Sante hill along the Borghetto-Romitello road) is very close to Sagana, which is found 3.5 km eastward. This taxon is similar to the Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. (described below) from Monte Gibilmesi, that is also found at short distance from Sagana (1.5 km northeast) but differs from the latter by its more striated shell, lighter colour and the more developed AUPP which is always visible from the frontal view. Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. belongs to haplogroup 2, whereas Siciliaria calcarae borgettensis ssp. nov. belongs to haplogroup 1.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae borgettensis ssp. nov. is exclusively known from the type locality. It is likely to be present along the whole northern limestone slopes of the Anime Sante hill (Romitello) as far as Sagana, thus further field investigations are needed in order to clearly define its actual distribution range.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>The subspecies is found on limestone boulders and under scattered rocks.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae borgettensis ssp. nov. is named after the nearby Borgetto town (Borgetto-Partinico), where the new subspecies was discovered.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CC45FED6686573AB77CB81B8A3DC2E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
DAB9B5EC30295FB6B18E47D2E9F039A2.text	DAB9B5EC30295FB6B18E47D2E9F039A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria calcarae subsp. calcarae (Philippi 1844) calcarae (Philippi 1844	<div><p>Siciliaria calcarae calcarae (Philippi, 1844)</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 14.1-14.10, 15.1-15.17, 16.1-16.6, 24.1, 24.2</p> <p>Clausilia calcarae Philippi 1844: 107.</p> <p>Clausilia adelina Küster 1847: 298.</p> <p>Clausilia adelina - Benoit 1876: 152.</p> <p>Clausilia brugnoneana Pini 1884: 379.</p> <p>Clausilia calcarae var. nodosa Westerlund 1892: 48.</p> <p>Clausilia adelina var. subsolida Monterosato 1892: 28.</p> <p>Delima (Siciliaria) calcarae - Wagner 1925: pl. 3, fig. 25.</p> <p>Charpentieria calcarae - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae - Welter-Schultes 2012: 338.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae - Nordsieck 2013b: 7.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) calcarae calcarae - Liberto et al. 2015: 489.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) calcarae calcarae - Liberto et al. 2016: 372.</p> <p>Charpentieria calcarae - De Mattia 2017d.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, San Vito lo Capo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.742603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.10714" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.742603/lat 38.10714)">Castelluzzo</a>, west cliffs E of town, 120 m asl, 38°6'25.71"N, 12°44'33.37"E, [Lab ID 61_1, COI: MW758908, ITS2: MW757140MW757141; Lab ID 61_2, COI: MW758909, ITS2: MW757142MW757143MW757144], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 14.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Castellammare del Golfo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.807392&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.04838" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.807392/lat 38.04838)">Visicari</a>, 395 m asl, 38°02'54.18"N, 12°48'26.61"E, [Lab ID 59_1, COI: MW758905, ITS2: MW757068MW757069MW757085], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 15.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Alcamo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.959344&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.958168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.959344/lat 37.958168)">Monte Bonifato</a>, top of the mountain, 640 m asl, 37°57'29.40"N, 12°57'33.64"E, [Lab ID 5_1, COI: MW758925, ITS2: MW757125, MW757126, MW757127], I. Niero leg., 15.vi.2010. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Alcamo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.959344&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.958168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.959344/lat 37.958168)">Monte Bonifato</a>, top of the mountain, 640 m asl, 37°57'29.40"N, 12°57'33.64"E, A. Margelli leg., 15.vi.2010. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Alcamo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.969183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.9547" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.969183/lat 37.9547)">Monte Bonifato</a>, west side of the mountain, over the quarry, 550 m asl, 37°57'16.92"N, 12°58'9.06"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 10.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Castellammare del Golfo, Castello di Baida, W of the town along the road to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.803984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.0449" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.803984/lat 38.0449)">Visicari</a>, 300 m asl, 38°2'41.64"N, 12°48'14.34"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 15.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Piana degli Albanesi, 500 m south of Portella Ginestra, northern cliffs of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.256127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.970375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.256127/lat 37.970375)">Monte Kumeta</a>, 970 m asl, 37°58'13.35"N, 13°15'22.06"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 18.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Calatafimi, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.85587&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.96269" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.85587/lat 37.96269)">Castello Eufemio</a>, 395 m asl, 37°57'45.67"N, 12°51'21.13"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 18.vi.2020. 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 14.1-14.10, 15.1-15.17, 24.1-24.2). Shell not decollate; whorls striated, with sutural papillae; dorsal keel indistinct or missing; inferior lamella moderately high or low; anterior upper palatal plica present, mostly separated from upper palatal plica, rarely lower anterior upper palatal plica present; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally more or less strongly bent upwards (Nordsieck 2013b).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 50, not decollate). shell height 19.7 ± 0.8, whorl width 4.3 ± 0.3, aperture height 4.1 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.6 ± 0.1.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 14.1, 14.3, 14.5, 14.7, 14.9). The FO is slim and long. The ratio FO/V ranges from 0.9 to 1.8. The VD is very thin along its whole course. The FDBC is shorter or longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC) ranges from 0.9 to 1.8. The BC+SDBC can be either cylindrical or club-like, with either a pointed or a blunt apex. Its ratio with the V (BC+SDBC/V) ranges from 0.9 to 1.8. The transition between the BC and then SDBC can be clearly visible or almost indistinguishable. The D is moderately to extremely long, with a ratio with the V (D/V) that ranges from 1.3 to 4.1. It is thinner than the BC+SDBC, cylindrical in shape, with a rounded thin apex. The ratio D/BC+SDBC ranges from 1.4 to 2.5. The V is thick, cylindrical or hourglass-like in shape and shorter than the PC. The A can be short and narrow or large and long. The PC is longer than the V, with a range (P+E/V) that goes from 2.1 to 4.8. The P is wider than the V, cylindrical or distally swollen. The PR can be both long and thin or short and strong. The distinction between P and E with a visible ER is not always present as it appears randomly among the populations. The E is thinner than the P and can be slightly shorter or longer than the P, with a ratio (E/P) that ranges from 0.9 to 3.0. The actual transition area between E and the VD can be clearly visible or almost indistinguishable and it is clearly visible only from inside.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 14.2, 14.4, 14.6, 14.8, 14.10). The internal wall of the A presents a variety of sculpture. It can be almost smooth, or with the distal part of the penial longitudinal pleats that gradually fade. Otherwise, it presents longitudinal broad and poorly elevated fleshy pleats or an irregular pattern of fleshy lumps. The internal sculpturing of the P can be distinguished in two main arrangements. The first is represented by 3 to 6 longitudinal fleshy smooth or irregularly segmented pleats that reach the A. The second arrangement presents large fleshy transverse pleats that are interrupted in the median part of the internal P. These pleats become smaller and continuous as approaching the A. The PP is big, elongated or nipple-like/roundish in shape, smooth, with a rounded apex and sometimes slightly depressed in the middle. The P-E transition presents three different structures among the examined populations. The populations from the top of Monte Bonifato and Castelluzzo present one ER with the PP originating from it. The ELP are not connected with the ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP)+ELP. The populations from Monte Bonifato, from Monte Bonifato near the quarry and Visicari present one ER with both the PP and the ELP originating from it. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP+ELP). Two additional populations from Portella Ginestra and Castello di Baida present a slightly more complex structure, namely a first distal ER with the PP originating from it and the ELP originating from a second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP)+2ER(ELP).</p> <p>The E internal sculpturing presents a variety of arrangements, as: two main large smooth or fringed longitudinal pleats that gradually disappear toward the distal origin of the vas deferens or 4 thin smooth longitudinal pleats that abruptly disappear turning into an irregular texture of small dense papillae. The V can be either smooth and showing a very fine granulation or showing a coarse chevron pattern made of large fleshy pleats, merging together along the median longitudinal axis.</p> <p>Spermatophore</p> <p>(Figs 16.3-16.4). The spermatophore is thin and elongated. It is 6.7 mm long and 0.7 mm wide at its widest point. The tail and the head are missing as probably already digested. The upper and the lower keels are simple and run throughout the known length of the spermatophore. The lower keel is half as tall as the upper one.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae calcarae was found on south exposed limestone walls (Alcamo, Monte Bonifato), shady and humid north exposed limestone walls (Piana degli Albanesi, 500 m south of Portella Ginestra), shady habitats on decaying woods and tree trunks of Quercus ilex (Castelluzzo, west cliffs E of town) or among grass and shrub nearby a cave entrance (Castellammare del Golfo, Visicari). Siciliaria calcarae calcarae appeared to be adapted to many different habitats and niches and it is not an obliged rock-dwelling taxon. According to De Mattia (2017d), Siciliaria calcarae is Least Concern. The nominate subspecies is common and widespread all over its range and it is somewhere replaced by local rib/striated forms.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae calcarae presents the widest distributional area among the species of the genus Siciliaria. It is found from Trapani-Erice in the west to Montagna Grande and Bagheria in the east and Calatafimi-Piana degli Albanesi-Castelvetrano in the south. It is also known from the islands of Favignana and Levanzo (Nordsieck 2013b; Liberto et al. 2016: 382).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae calcarae shows Clausilia minor shell differences among the populations which were described by the introduction of new names, such as a well-developed whole UPP (in Clausilia adelina var. subsolida), a well-developed AUPP in Clausilia adelina) or the presence of a knob as a second AUPP (Clausilia calcarae var. nodosa) (Liberto et al. 2016: 382).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DAB9B5EC30295FB6B18E47D2E9F039A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
9D2835039AF852B4A48350C798867810.text	9D2835039AF852B4A48350C798867810.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria calcarae subsp. cruenta De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 20.3-20.4, 21.6-21.10, 24.12-24.14</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Monreale, N side of Monte Gibilmesi, 890 m asl, 38°03'37.03"N, 13°12'38.53"E.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>1 Holotype (NHMW 113619) [Lab ID 47_1, COI: MW758933, ITS2: MW757078, MW757079] and two Paratypes (NHMW 113620): Italy, Sicily, Monreale, N side of Monte Gibilmesi, 890 m asl, 38°03'37.03"N, 13°12'38.53"E, [Lab ID 47_2, COI: MW758934, ITS2: MW757077, MW757087, MW757088; Lab ID 47_3, MW758935; Lab ID 47_4, MW758936], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 22.vi.2015. 4 dissected spm. 4 Paratypes (CWDM 18226): same locality.</p> <p>Shell diagnosis.</p> <p>Shell not decollate; whorls finely striated; dorsal keel absent or barely distinguishable; inferior lamella high or very high; anterior upper palatal plicae present but weak, detached from the lunella; parietalis very long; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally receding, plate somehow cylindrical, palatal edge against distal end bent upwards and more or less pointed.</p> <p>Shell description</p> <p>(Figs 21.6-21.10, 24.12-24.14). The shell is elongated but somehow compressed, markedly fusiform to slightly pyriform, sinistral and not decollate. It is very dark reddish-brown in colour. The external surface is irregularly finely striated to almost completely smooth in some part of the teleoconch. The spire is slowly and regularly growing, with (decollate) 9 1/4 to 10 3/4 slightly convex whorls. The sutures are moderately deep with white papillae all along the teleoconch, definitely denser along the last whorls. The basal and the cervical keels are only barely distinguishable. The umbilicus is closed. The aperture is ~ 1⁄5 of shell height and roundish to subovoid in shape. The PRI is short and it ends at the level of the L. It is not fused with the L but presents a thickening along its posterior part in correspondence with the L. The PRI is not visible from a frontal view of the aperture. The L is dorsal to dorso-lateral. The PUPP is very short or knob-like and connected to the L. The AUPP is thin or rarely absent, detached from the L and not visible from the aperture. The BAS starts directly from the L and it is long and strong, well visible from the aperture. The SCL is absent or very short, connected with the L and resembling an irregular thickening. The IL is high to very high. The SUL is tooth-like, extremely long and remarkably overlapping with the SPL. The SPL is short and it ends at half of the last whorl. The SCOL is not visible. The peristome is continuous, markedly thickened and reflected. It is not superiorly fused to the wall of the first whorl. The palatal edge of the clausilium is distally receding and bent upwards. The plate is somehow cylindrical and gutter-like. The palatal edge against distal end bent upwards and more or less blunt.</p> <p>Measurements.</p> <p>Holotype: not decollate shell height 19.2, whorl width 4.4, aperture height 4.3, aperture width 3.2. Paratypes (n = 11, not decollate): shell height 19.4 ± 1.0, whorl width 4.5 ± 0.3, aperture height 4.3 ± 0.3, aperture width 3.1 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 20.3). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 1.8-2.1). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly shorter than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 0.8-0.9). The BC+SDBC is club-like to cylindrical and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 2.1-2.3), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and rounded. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 3.5-3.8) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.3-1.4), slightly thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is cylindrical. The A is large. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 2.9-3.1). The PR is long and robust. The E is longer than the P (E/P range 2.1-2.3) and gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 20.4). The A is smooth or with few weak fleshy folds. The P presents a large longitudinal fleshy scarcely segmented pleat. Accessory pleats are also present, heavily segmented or smooth, running from the proximal part of the P as far as the A. The fine structure of the penial wall is smooth. The penial pseudopapilla is big, rhombus-shaped and smooth. The P-E transition presents a first distal ER, the PP originates from the second proximal ER. The ELP are not connected to the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP)+ELP. The E shows a pattern of 3 to 4 irregular longitudinal extremely fringed pleats. These pleats merge one into another forming two main fringed pleats that run as far as the VD. The V shows a weak irregular pattern of smooth pleats.</p> <p>Comparative and taxonomical remarks.</p> <p>The morphologically most similar taxon to Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. is Siciliaria calcarae borgettensis ssp. nov., but it differs from the latter by its very dark and remarkably smoother shell and the AUPP is not sharp but always suffused and almost not visible from the aperture. As regards the genital organs, contrary to Siciliaria calcarae borgettensis ssp. nov., Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. presents a very long SDBC+BC and FO. The sculpturing of the internal penis differs by the less fringed longitudinal pleats and the EPLs that reach proximally back as far as the beginning of the VD. Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. is similar to Siciliaria calcarae orlandoi, anyhow the latter presents a more finely striated shell, its AUPP is stronger and usually closer to the lunella. It was found in haplogroup 1, while Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. is in the haplogroup 2.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. in known only from the type locality: northern slopes of Monte Gibilmesi near Sagana (Montelepre). Further field investigation is needed in order to determine the actual distribution of the taxon.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>This subspecies was found climbing on limestone cliffs hiding among moss and rocks crevices.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae cruenta ssp. nov. was named after its intense dark red colour of the shell (cruentus = bloody).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D2835039AF852B4A48350C798867810	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
1D21D9143D835959AF875B8EB23B28EC.text	1D21D9143D835959AF875B8EB23B28EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria calcarae subsp. jatinensis De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 18.3-18.7, 19.6-19.8, 24.7-24.8</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, San Giuseppe Jato, quarry E of the town, 630 m asl, 37°58'15.07"N, 13°12'2.23"E.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>1 Holotype (NHMW 113615) [Lab ID 34_2, COI: MW758879, ITS2: MW757118, MW757119, MW757120, MW757121] and 5 Paratypes (NHMW 113616): Italy, Sicily, San Giuseppe Jato, quarry E of the town, 630 m asl, 37°58'15.07"N, 13°12'2.23"E, [Lab ID 34_1, COI: MW758878; Lab ID 34_3, COI: MW758926; Lab ID 34_4, COI: MW758927],W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 22.iv.2017. 3 dissected spm. 8 Paratypes (CWDM 18224): same locality.</p> <p>Shell diagnosis.</p> <p>Shell decollate, rarely not decollate; whorls ribbed; dorsal keel weak but distinguishable; inferior lamella very high; anterior upper palatal plicae present and detached from the lunella; parietalis long; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally receding, plate gutter-like, narrowed, palatal edge against distal end bent upwards and more or less pointed.</p> <p>Shell description</p> <p>(Figs 19.6-19.8, 24.7, 24.8). The shell is elongated, fusiform, sinistral, decollate but rarely not decollate. It is reddish-brown in colour. The external surface is regularly ribbed. The spire is slowly and regularly growing with (decollate) 8 to 9 ¼ slightly convex whorls. The sutures are moderately deep with whitish papillae present all along the teleoconch, moderately denser along the last whorls. The basal and the cervical keels are distinguishable. The umbilicus is closed. The aperture is ~ 1⁄5 of shell height and roundish to subovoid in shape. The PRI is short and ends at the level of the L. It is not fused with the L. The PRI is not visible from a frontal view of the aperture. The L is dorso-lateral, thick and somehow irregular. There is a very reduced, knob-like PUPP connected to it. The AUPP is strong to moderately weak, detached from the L and barely visible from the aperture. The BAS starts directly from the L and it is long and strong, well visible from the aperture. The SCL is absent. The IL is high to very high. The SUL is tooth-like, long and partially overlaps with the SPL. The SCOL is not emergent. The peristome is continuous, markedly thickened and reflected. It is not superiorly fused to the wall of the first whorl. The palatal edge of the clausilium is distally receding and bent upwards. The plate is narrow and gutter-like. The palatal edge against distal end is bent upwards and more or less blunt.</p> <p>Measurements.</p> <p>Holotype: not decollate shell height 20.3, whorl width 4.3, aperture height 3.8, aperture width 2.4. Paratypes (n = 25, decollate): shell height 20.9 ± 1.0, whorl width 4.4 ± 0.1, aperture height 3.9 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.4 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 18.3, 18.6). The FO is longer than the V with a FO/V ratio ranging from 2.0 to 2.1. The VD is thin along its whole course. The ratio of the FDBC with the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC) ranges from 1.1 to 1.3. The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V, with a blunt apex. It is slightly longer than the V, with a ratio (BC+SDBC/V) that ranges from 1.6 to 1.8. There is a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is longer than the V (with a D/V ranging from 2.1 to 2.3) and slightly longer than BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC ratio 1.2-1.3). It is thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is big and cylindrical. The A is large. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V ratio 2.1-2.4). The PR is very short and robust. The ET is weak. The E is longer than the P (E/P ratio 1.1-1.2) and almost abruptly shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 18.4, 18.7). The A shows few irregular pleats. The P presents 4 to 6 heavily segmented longitudinal pleats that begin directly from the PP and run as far as the A, becoming irregular as approaching their distal sections. The penial wall is smooth. The PP is big, rounded to rhomboid, smooth with a round to blunt apex. The P-E transition presents a first distal ER, while both the PP and ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP+ELP). The E shows a pattern of 4 to 6 smooth longitudinal pleats. These pleats merge one into another forming two main smooth pleats that run as far as the vas deferens. The V shows a weak irregular pattern of smooth pleats.</p> <p>Comparative and taxonomical remarks.</p> <p>The shell of Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov. is very similar to the shells of Siciliaria calcarae belliemii and Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis spp. nov. The three taxa have markedly ribbed shells. The density of the ribs along the body whorl is similar, with overlapping ranges: 32 ± 5 for Siciliaria calcarae belliemii (n = 25), 35 ± 6 for Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov. (n = 21) and 34 ± 5 for Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis spp. nov. (n = 15). The PRI are short and stop at the level of the L, whereas the AUPP is strong to moderately weak and detached from the L. Slight differences are observed concerning the dimensions and the colour of the shell: Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov. is dark reddish to dark brown with an average height of 20.9 ± 1.0 whereas Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov. (average height: 21.7 ± 1.4) and Siciliaria calcarae belliemii (average height: 17.6 ± 1.2, type locality) are light yellowish to light brown. The three subspecies show just slight differences in their anatomy of the genital organs, which fit into the intraspecific variability of S. calcarae and do not allow a certain separation. The different subspecific status of these populations is mainly supported by the phylogenetic results in connection to their patchy and isolated distribution. Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov. is included in the haplogroup 2 whereas Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis n. spp. and Siciliaria calcarae belliemii both belong to haplogroup 1.</p> <p>Nordsieck (2013a) recently supplemented his Siciliaria web article (May 2021) after receiving samples we collected from Monte Jato (S. calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov.) and the W side of Monte Kumeta (S. calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov.), considering these populations as belonging to the type form of Siciliaria tiberii and, more precisely, "to the southern and eastern form with less strong dorsal keel". Nordsieck (2013b, supplemented 2021) justifies his identification stating that "There is no doubt that Clausilia tiberii A. Schmidt (1868: 42-43) belongs to the southern form" despite not justifying or explaining why "there is no doubt", considering also that no locality is provided in Schmidt’s description.</p> <p>Nordsieck (2013b, supplemented 2021) stated that "Originals from Benoit (SMF 67544, 96458, see also Benoit 1859: pl. 6, fig. 7) do not differ from the form from Monte Kumeta". Following the caption of fig. 10 "M. della Scala" was wrongly identified by Nordsieck as Monte Kumeta. Information provided by locals during field collections allowed us to ascertain that Monte della Scala is an old, almost forgotten toponym for Monte Maganoce. Monte Maganoce was once named "Monte della Scala" because of the church called "Madonna della Scala" was located along its slopes.</p> <p>Moreover, in the text Nordsieck cited samples SMF 67544, 96458, while in fig. 10 the caption indicated the sample as "N 10008". Thus, it is not clear if the depicted specimen originated from Benoit or from a different source and kept in Nordsieck´s collection.</p> <p>Monte Kumeta was also deemed by Nordsieck as a spelling mistake for Monte della Fiera (pers. comm., April 2021) and stating that "form from Monte della Fiera belongs to the northern subspecies (of S. tiberii), based on SMF samples". Monte della Fiera (37°59'47.90"N, 13°8'48.22"E) is 10 km distant from Monte Kumeta and represents the eastern continuation of Monte Belliemi. It is not clear what the "northern subspecies" may be, but probably it is referred as the northern form of the nominate subspecies.</p> <p>In the COI and combined tree (Fig. 4) S. calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov. is well embedded into Siciliaria calcarae subclade A2. The morphologically similar S. calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov. is also well embedded into S. calcarae clade in the COI tree.</p> <p>We agree that the sample depicted in Fig. 10 is similar to S. calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov., but it is not clearly explained by Nordsieck (2013b; supplemented 2021) why it is supposed to belong to S. tiberii. To check this hypothesis, we included in our molecular genetic analysis two specimens of S. tiberii tiberii from Capo Rama (Terrasini) representing the “northern” form in both COI and concatenated trees, they fall well embedded within the subclade that comprises all (and exclusively) the remaining S. tiberii subspecific taxa.</p> <p>Regarding shell morphology, we carefully browsed Schmidt’s description (1868: 41-43). Few important details better fit with the shell morphology of the “northern” type form of Siciliaria tiberii (Figs 26.1, 26.3) rather than with the specimen depicted by Nordsieck (2013b, supplemented 2021, fig. 10) and the specimen we depicted in Figs 19.9-19.11. Schmidt refers to the more expanded peristome ("mehr umgeschlagene Mündung"), the deep dorsal keel ("sendet nach unten eine stark entwickelte Gaumenfalte ab, welche auf der, durch die tiefe, breite Nackenfurche gebildeten, inneren Wölbung steht") and the deep palatal hollow. Other shell differences are detectable comparing Figs 19.9-19.11 and Figs 26.1, 26.3, the number and shape of the ribs of the neck and along the whorls, strength and visibility of the AUPP, the length of the PRI, the presence of a second lower AUPP in S. calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov., the strength and visibility of the sutural papillae, the depth of the sutures and the more convex whorls of S. tiberii tiberii. Thus, phylogenetic and morphological evidence prevent us from considering the Monte Jato and Monte Kumeta populations as belonging to S. tiberii.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov. is known only from the type locality: the abandoned quarry north of the town of San Giuseppe Jato. Its actual distribution range must be further investigated as it is probably present along the northwestern cliffs of the Monte Jato, E of the town of San Giuseppe Jato.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>The new subspecies is an obliged limestone rock-dweller, exclusively collected on walls and cliffs, both natural or resulting from the previous quarrying activity.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov. is named after Monte Jato (San Giuseppe Jato), where the new subspecies was discovered.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D21D9143D835959AF875B8EB23B28EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
60D816264E5B59F6AB038B759966EA79.text	60D816264E5B59F6AB038B759966EA79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria calcarae subsp. orlandoi Liberto, Reitano, Giglio, Colomba & Sparacio 2016	<div><p>Siciliaria calcarae orlandoi Liberto, Reitano, Giglio, Colomba &amp; Sparacio, 2016</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 20.1-20.4, 21.1-21.5, 24.11</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) calcarae orlandoi Liberto, Reitano, Giglio Colomba and Sparacio 2016: 371.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Monreale, Bosco Ficuzza, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.384783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.92956" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.384783/lat 37.92956)">Ponte Arcere</a>, 470 m asl, 37°55'46.42"N, 13°23'5.22"E, [Lab ID 36_1, COI: MW758921, ITS2: MW757132MW757133], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 25.iv.2017. 4 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 21.1-21.5, 24.11). Shell not decollate; whorls striated, with sutural papillae; dorsal keel little distinct; lateral lunella; principal plica not fused with lunella; inferior lamella moderately high; anterior upper palatal plica reduced, separated from a very short upper palatal plica; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally more or less strongly bent upwards.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 12, not decollate). shell height 18.0 ± 0.7, whorl width 4.1 ± 0.1, aperture height 3.8 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.7 ± 0.1.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 20.1). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 1.9-2.3). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly shorter or as long as the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 0.9-1.0). The BC+SDBC is cylindrical to club-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 3.3-3.6), with no distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and round. The D is much longer than the V (D/V range 3.8-4.2) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.3-1.5), slightly thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small rounded apex. The V is very short and cylindrical. The A is very large. The PC is longer than the V (PC/V range 3.0-3.3). The PR is long and robust. The ET is well visible. The E is slightly longer than the P (E/P range 1.2-1.3), almost abruptly shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 20.2). The A shows a set of transverse fleshy folds as they represent the continuation of the penial sculpture. The P presents a set of transverse, interrupted fleshy smooth pleats. These pleats are laterally surrounded by two longitudinal small smooth pleats. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is oval, smooth and with a round apex. The P-E transition presents a first distal ER, while both PP and ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP+ELP). The E shows two main longitudinal fringed pleats that fade before the VD. The wall of the E is finely granulated. The V is almost totally smooth but the wall is also finely granulated.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Following Liberto et al. (2016: 372): " Siciliaria calcarae orlandoi lives under the bark of dead trees and in the leaf litter of woods vegetating both in sandstone (Bosco del Cappelliere, Diga Scanzano) and calcareous (Alpe Cucco, Rocca Busambra) soils; in these two last localities S. calcarae orlandoi is found also on calcareous rocks into the woods". We collected this subspecies on Quercus sp. barks close to a small creek.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae orlandoi in known to occur in the Nature Reserve of the Bosco della Ficuzza, Rocca della Busambra, Bosco del Cappelliere e Gorgo del Drago that is included in the wider Sicani Mountains Regional Nature Park (Liberto et al. 2016: 372).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60D816264E5B59F6AB038B759966EA79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
1286D997518E557A9D1D46F95081F7BB.text	1286D997518E557A9D1D46F95081F7BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria calcarae subsp. parajatinensis De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 18.8-18.9, 19.9-19.12, 24.9-24.10</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Monreale, W part of Monte Kumeta toward Jato Antica, 630 m asl, 37°57'8.18"N, 13°13'14.57"E.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>1 Holotype (NHMW 113617) and 4 Paratypes (NHMW 113618): Italy, Sicily, Monreale, W part of Monte Kumeta toward Jato Antica, 630 m asl, 37°57'8.18"N, 13°13'14.57"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 22.iv.2017. 3 dissected spm. (CWDM 18225): same locality.</p> <p>Shell diagnosis.</p> <p>Shell not decollate; whorls ribbed; dorsal keel weak but distinguishable; inferior lamella high or very high; anterior upper palatal plicae present and detached from the lunella; parietalis long; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally receding, plate gutter-like narrowed, palatal edge against distal end bent upwards and more or less pointed.</p> <p>Shell description</p> <p>(Figs 19.9-19.12, 24.9, 24.10). The shell is elongated, fusiform, sinistral, not decollate but sometimes decollate. It is light brown in colour. The external surface is regularly ribbed. The spire is slowly and regularly growing with (decollate) 9 1/2-10 3/4 slightly convex whorls. The sutures are shallow with whitish papillae present all along the teleoconch, moderately denser along the last whorls. The basal and the cervical keels are distinguishable. The umbilicus is closed. The aperture is ~ 1⁄5 of shell height and roundish to subovoid in shape. The PRI is short and its length slightly exceeds the L. It is not fused with the L. The PRI is not visible from a frontal view of the aperture. The L is dorsal. The PUPP is absent or vestigial. The AUPP is thin, detached from the L and barely visible from the aperture. The BAS starts directly from the L and it is long and strong, well visible from the aperture. The SCL is absent. The IL is high to very high. The SUL is tooth-like, very long and remarkably overlapping with the SPL. The SCOL is sometimes visible. The peristome is continuous, markedly thickened and reflected. It is not superiorly fused to the wall of the first whorl. The palatal edge of the clausilium is distally receding and bent upwards. The plate is narrow and gutter-like. The palatal edge against distal end is bent upwards and more or less blunt.</p> <p>Measurements.</p> <p>Holotype: not decollate shell height 21.7, whorl width 4.2, aperture height 4.1, aperture width 3.3. Paratypes (n = 30, not decollate): shell height 21.7 ± 1.4, whorl width 4.4 ± 0.2, aperture height 4.2 ± 0.2, aperture width 3.1 ± 0.4.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 18.8). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V ratio 2.0-2.2). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC ratio 1.0-1.2). The BC+SDBC is club-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V ratio 1.4-1.6), with a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is very big and rounded. The D is slightly longer than the V (D/V ratio 2.1-2.2) and slightly longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC ratio 1.0-1.2), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is big and cylindrical. The A is large. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V ratio 2.7-3.0). The PR is very short and robust. The ET is well visible. The E is longer than the P (E/P ratio 1.2-1.4) and gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 18.9). The A shows weak longitudinal pleats entering directly from the P. The P presents 4 to 6 smooth and weak longitudinal pleats. These pleats become irregular and weaker as approaching their distal sections. The PP is big, rounded to rhomboid, smooth with a round apex. The P-E transition presents a first distal ER, while the PP and ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP+ELP). The E distally presents a variable set of irregular smooth small pleats the abruptly vanish. The remaining E shows a coarse pattern of finely granulated wall. The V shows a smooth and fine granulation, with no pleats or folds.</p> <p>Comparative and taxonomical remarks.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov. in the COI tree is well embedded within the Siciliaria calcarae subclade and closely related to the nominate subspecies (Fig. 4). For a further differential comparative analysis see the comparative and taxonomical remarks of Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov. is exclusively known from the type locality, the western slopes of the Monte Kumeta. Further field research could extend its distributional range to the whole western side of the Monte Kumeta (Monreale) and surrounding mountains. Following Nordsieck (2013b, supplemented 2021, Fig. 10) the range of Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov. can be extended also for Monte Maganoce (also known as Monte della Scala), W of Piana degli Albanesi. In the central-eastern part of Monte Kumeta massif the type form of S. calcarae calcarae is known to occur.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov. is an obliged rock-dweller and inhabits limestone walls and boulders. The type locality, that is not included in any protected area, comprises a rich population.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>Para = next to, considering strong morphological, genetic and distribution affinities with the newly described Siciliaria calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1286D997518E557A9D1D46F95081F7BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
852EA40DD7A25CFD8D8D71C89DAD2AA7.text	852EA40DD7A25CFD8D8D71C89DAD2AA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria ferrox Brandt 1961	<div><p>Siciliaria ferrox Brandt, 1961</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 22.1-22.6, 23.1-23.4, 24.15-24.16</p> <p>Clausilia confinata commeata (?) Clausilia confinata commeata - Westerlund 1892: 47.</p> <p>Siciliaria ferrox Brandt 1961: 6.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) ferrox - Manganelli et al. 1995: 25.</p> <p>Siciliaria ferrox - Reitano et al. 2007: 328.</p> <p>Siciliaria ferrox - Welter-Schultes 2012: 339.</p> <p>Siciliaria ferrox - Liberto et al. 2015: 2015: 489.</p> <p>Charpentieria ferrox - De Mattia 2017e.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>In the COI tree (Fig. 4) Siciliaria ferrox forms a separate subclade, which is separated by ~17% p distance from the other Siciliaria species. This species is restricted to the easternmost area of Siciliaria distribution, in the environs of Trabia, Altavilla Milicia and Termini Imerese. It is allotopic, isolated from all other Siciliaria species, except for the area of Montagna Grande, where also S. calcarae was reported (Nordsieck 2013b: 8). The species presents a distinctive shell as stated by Brandt (1961: 6): "(...) die sich durch den doppelten Nackenkiel und die zwei falschen oberen Gaumenfalten unterscheidet.". Following our genital anatomical investigations, the internal structure of the genital organs revealed to be unique among the Siciliaria species, namely an extremely modified ER that becomes finely longitudinally fringed (Fig. 22.2). Moreover, the penial papilla is uncommonly long and irregular (Fig. 22.2-22.3) and the ELP are extremely fringed as well.</p> <p>The status of Clausilia confinata commeata Westerlund, 1892 (Westerlund 1892: 47) is not clear as its original description is poor, lacking the description of essential shell characters (AUPP) and unavailability of the type material (Reitano et al. 2007: 328).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Trabia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.614198&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.988228" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.614198/lat 37.988228)">Contrada Sant'Onofrio</a>, 170 m asl, 37°59'17.62"N, 13°36'51.11"E, [Lab ID Sf_1, COI: MW758922, ITS2: MW757115; Lab ID Sf_2, COI: MW758917], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 21.xii.2007. 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 23.1-23.4, 24.15, 24.16). Shell mostly not decollate; whorls ribbed, sutural papillae recognisable; dorsal keel distinct or indistinct; inferior lamella moderately high or high; two anterior upper palatal plicae present, upper one mostly separated from upper palatal plica; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally less or not receding, palatal edge distally not bent upwards (as in Nordsieck 2013b).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 32, decollate). shell height 17.7 ± 0.7, whorl width 3.8 ± 0.1, aperture height 3.6 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.4 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 21.1). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 1.4-1.9). The VD is thin along its whole course except for its proximal section where it is wider. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.6-2.1). The BC+SDBC is club-like and slightly shorter than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 0.8-0.9), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is wide and round. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 1.8-2.0) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.9-2.2), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a pointed apex. The V is short, wide and cylindrical. The A is small. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 2.0.7-2.2). The PR is long and thin. The E is slightly thinner and shorter than the P (E/P range 0.8-0.9), almost abruptly shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 22.3-22.6). The A shows small irregular pleats. These pleats are the direct continuation of the irregular sculpture of both the distal P and V. Proximally, the P presents three or four fleshy pads. These pleats turn into and irregular-wrinkly pattern towards the distal part. The PP is always big, irregular and wrinkly. It is tapered towards the apex that is elongated and irregular. In cross section a clear folding is visible. It originates almost directly from the epiphallar transition wall. The transition wall shows an extremely irregular surface with a set of longitudinal papillated “pleats”. The transition area presents a particular structure, namely an extremely longitudinally fringed ring. It is not clear if the characteristic epiphallar ring becomes this fringed ring or it is missing and replaced by this unique structure. The epiphallus shows two main longitudinal extremely fringed pleats. The V shows a smooth irregular pattern of fine longitudinal pleats.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria ferrox inhabits limestone walls, hiding in rocks cracks and crevices. According to De Mattia (2017e) Siciliaria ferrox is considered as Critically Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria ferrox occupies the easternmost part of the distribution range of the northwestern Sicilian Siciliaria. It is found from Altavilla Milicia, Sant’Onofrio to Termini Imerese.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/852EA40DD7A25CFD8D8D71C89DAD2AA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
6DBBAB53D1A552FAB9D1E9432D6C9680.text	6DBBAB53D1A552FAB9D1E9432D6C9680.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria grohmanniana (Rossmaessler 1836) s. l. 1867	<div><p>Siciliaria grohmanniana (Rossmaessler, 1836) s. l.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana forms a subclade with its sister group Siciliaria septemplicata (mean p distance 9.0%). The two subspecies of S. grohmanniana appear monophyletic in the mt tree (Fig. 4), albeit each represented by only a small number of samples: Siciliaria grohmanniana grohmanniana (one population with three samples), Siciliaria grohmanniana addaurae ssp. nov. (one population with three samples). Mean distance between the two subspecies was found to be 3.3%.</p> <p>The shell of Siciliaria grohmanniana addaurae ssp. nov. was at first considered by Nordsieck (2013b: 6), as an "intermediate geographic form" of S. grohmanninana s. s. with "shell not decollate and whorls more weakly ribbed" and (2013b: 10) as: "a S. grohmanniana with characters of S. septemplicata " but without stating what these characters are. He introduced it as the: "Priola form from Priola (= Punta Priola) and San Lorenzo near Palermo" and depicted a shell (Nordsieck 2013b: 12, fig. 8). The internal penial sculpturing of Siciliaria grohmanniana grohmanniana is similar to Siciliaria septemplicata (internal penial sculpturing showing a more or less fringed longitudinal pleats) although the sculpturing of epiphallus and vagina shows greater variability.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6DBBAB53D1A552FAB9D1E9432D6C9680	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
BD00F7E277DE564784CBBD9EEF2B9429.text	BD00F7E277DE564784CBBD9EEF2B9429.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria grohmanniana subsp. addaurae De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Siciliaria grohmanniana addaurae ssp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 7.4-7.6, 8.5-8.9, 13.5-13.8</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Palermo, N side of Monte Pellegrino, Punta Priola, Grotte dell’Addaura, 115 m asl, 38°11'13.01"N, 13°21'6.91"E.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>1 Holotype (NHMW 113611) [Lab ID 41_1, COI: MW758883, ITS2: MW757093, MW757094] and 8 Paratypes (NHMW 113612): Italy, Sicily, Palermo, N side of Monte Pellegrino, Punta Priola, Grotte dell’Addaura, 115 m asl, 38°11'13.01"N, 13°21'6.91"E, [Lab ID 41_2, COI: MW758884; Lab ID 41_3 COI: MW758929], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 15.iv.2017. 3 dissected spm. 10 Paratypes (CWDM 18222): same locality.</p> <p>Shell diagnosis.</p> <p>Shell decollate; whorls ribbed; dorsal keel weak but distinguishable; inferior lamella very high; two anterior upper palatal plicae present, both of them separated from the lunella; parietalis short ends before the beginning of the spiralis; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally receding, plate gutter-like narrowed, palatal edge against distal end bent upwards and more or less pointed.</p> <p>Shell description (Figs 8.5-8.9, 13.5-13.8).</p> <p>The shell is elongated, fusiform, sinistral and decollate, rarely not decollate. It is brown to reddish brown in colour. The external surface has small raised ribs almost equally arranged in all whorls of the teleoconch. The spire slowly and regularly grows with eight or nine whorls that are only slightly convex. The sutures are moderately shallow with very rare whitish papillae present towards the apex. The basal and the cervical keels are weak but distinguishable. The umbilicus is closed. The aperture width is ~ 1⁄4 of shell height and subovoid in shape. The PRI is long and raised, wider along its posterior part and not fused with the L. The PRI is not visible from the aperture. The L is antero-lateral, with a reduced, knob-like PUPP connected to it. There are two AUPP, both of them detached from the L and barely visible from the aperture. The upper AUPP is stronger and longer than the lower one. The ALPP (BAS) starts directly from the L and it is long and strong, clearly visible from the aperture. The SCL is present and robust. It is connected to the L. The IL is high to very high. The SUL is short, tooth-like and ends before the beginning of the SPL that is wider along its posterior part. The SCOL is not emergent. The peristome is continuous, markedly thickened and reflected. It is not superiorly fused to the wall of the first whorl. The palatal edge of the clausilium is distally receding and bent upwards. The plate is narrow and gutter-like.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>Holotype: decollate shell height 17.3, whorl width 4.5, aperture height 4, aperture width 2.5. Paratypes (n = 20, decollate): shell height 17.2 ± 0.6, whorl width 4.4 ± 0.1, aperture height 3.9 ± 0.3, aperture width 2.9 ± 0.3.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 7.4).</p> <p>The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 1.5-1.7). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.0-1.3). The BC+SDBC is cylindrical or club-like and slightly longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V = 1.1), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is wide and round. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 1.3-1.5) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.1-1.3), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small apex. The V is long and cylindrical and thin in diameter. The A is small. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 1.6-1.8). The PR is long and thin. There is a clear distinction between P and E as there is a visible ER and a proximal narrowing. The E is much thinner but longer than the P (E/P range 1.2-1.5), gradually shrinking and turning into the vas deferens.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs (Figs 7.5, 7.6).</p> <p>The A is smooth. The P presents very smooth and scarcely elevated weak transverse pleats. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is big, rounded and smooth. It originates from the big epiphallar ring. The P-E transition presents one ER with the PP originating from it. The ELP are not connected with the ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP)+ELP. The E shows three or four main smooth longitudinal pleats. The proximal V shows an irregular set of smooth longitudinal pleats that, distally, turn into a smooth fold that goes as far as the atrium.</p> <p>Comparative analysis.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana addaurae ssp. nov. differs from Siciliaria grohmanniana grohmanniana by its slender shape and darker shell colour and its denser ribbing (Fig. 8.5, 8.6). The two AUPP are longer and stronger. The basal and the cervical keels are more prominent. The internal wall of the P presents different sculpturing: smooth and scarcely elevated weak transverse pleats versus 4 to 6 longitudinal and very irregular pleats (Fig. 7.5). Siciliaria grohmanniana addaurae ssp. nov. differs from Siciliaria septemplicata by its more ribbed surface and the stronger ALPP. The SCL is much longer and more robust. The internal wall of the P presents different sculpturing: smooth and scarcely elevated weak transverse wrinkles versus four to five smooth longitudinal or fringed pleats. (Fig. 7.5).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana addaurae ssp. nov. is exclusively known from the type locality, along the limestone cliffs around the Addaura caves near Punta Priola, Palermo. It is likely to be present in other spots along the northeastern limestone cliffs of the Monte Pellegrino, but more research is needed to define its distribution.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana addaurae ssp. nov. is an obligate rock-dweller and inhabits the limestone cliffs, on open walls or hiding in cracks in humid spots, around the Addaura caves. This subspecies has a very limited distribution range with an area of much less than 1 km2. Although, the area is included in the Riserva Naturale Orientata Monte Pellegrino and the Addaura caves are fenced, the habitat quality is inferred to be declining due to no access regulation nor restriction, resulting in dumping, littering and murals on the limestone walls (Ferrante 2011).</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The taxon is named after the Addaura caves, a complex of three natural caverns where wall engravings dated to the Paleolithic and the Mesolithic were discovered.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD00F7E277DE564784CBBD9EEF2B9429	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
389B22079F0A5AE4A23B9CE1D26A3029.text	389B22079F0A5AE4A23B9CE1D26A3029.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria grohmanniana subsp. grohmanniana (Rossmässler 1836) grohmanniana (Rossmaessler 1836	<div><p>Siciliaria grohmanniana grohmanniana (Rossmaessler, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 7.1-7.3, 8.1-8.4, 13.1-13.4</p> <p>Clausilia grohmanniana Rossmässler 1836: 7.</p> <p>Clausilia grohmanniana var. minor A. Schmidt 1868: 40 [non Rossmässler].</p> <p>Clausilia grohmanuiana [sic!] - Benoit 1876: 151.</p> <p>Clausilia grohmaniana [sic!] - Benoit 1881: 108.</p> <p>Clausilia (Siciliaria) grohmanniana - Monterosato 1894: 170.</p> <p>Delima (Siciliaria) grohmanniana - Wagner 1925: 67.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana - Schileyko 2000: 665.</p> <p>Charpentieria grohmanniana - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana - Nordsieck 2007: 53.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana - Welter-Schultes 2012: 340.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana - Nordsieck 2013b: 6.</p> <p>Charpentieria grohmanniana - De Mattia 2017a.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.350462&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.18202" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.350462/lat 38.18202)">Palermo</a>, Monte Pellegrino, N side of the top plateau, 380 m asl, 38°10'55.26"N, 13°21'1.66"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 20.xii.2003. 15 live spm, 3 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Palermo, Monte Pellegrino, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.350722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.167892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.350722/lat 38.167892)">Santuario Santa Rosalia</a>, 420 m asl, 38°10'4.41"N, 13°21'2.60"E, [Lab ID 42_1, COI: MW758886; Lab ID 42_2, COI: MW758887, ITS2: MW757091MW757092; Lab ID 42_3, COI: MW758885], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 15.iv.2017. 12 live spm, 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell (Figs 8.1-8.4, 13.1-13.4).</p> <p>Shell mostly decollate; whorls ribbed; dorsal keel indistinct or missing; inferior lamella very high; two anterior upper palatal plicae present, upper one mostly separated from upper palatal plica; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally receding, plate gutter-like narrowed, palatal edge against distal end bent upwards and more or less pointed (as in Nordsieck 2013b).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 25, decollate): shell height 19.4 ± 0.8, whorl width 5.1 ± 0.2, aperture height 3.9 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.7 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 7.1).</p> <p>The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range from 1.6 to 1.8). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is shorter than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range from 0.7 to 0.8). The BC+SDBC is cylindrical or club-like and slightly longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.3-1.4), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is wide and round or pointed. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 2.0-2.1) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.4-1.7), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a pointed apex. The V is short and cylindrical. The A is large. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 2.4-2.6). The PR is long and robust. There is a clear distinction between P and E as there is a visible ER and a proximal narrowing. The E is thinner but longer than the P (E/P range 1.1-1.3), almost gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs (Figs 7.2, 7.3).</p> <p>The A is smooth or with weak traces of the distal penial pleats. The P presents 4-6 longitudinal and very irregular pleats. These pleats are very variable in thickness and sculpture, being both smooth or segmented along the same pleat. These pleats often split (proximally, distally or both) into smaller pleats. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is big, irregular, wrinkly and pointed. It can be smooth or with small tubercles. The P-E transition presents one ER with the PP and ELP originating from the ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP+ELP). The E shows 4 to 6 main longitudinal finely fringed pleats. The V is almost completely smooth. The wall is finely granulated.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria grohmanniana grohmanniana is widespread and common throughout its range. It is found to live on exposed limestone walls hiding in cracks and under crags. It is also found in Pinus sp. forest on decaying woods and tree trunks, including shady and humid spots on mosses and ferns. According to De Mattia (2017a) Siciliaria grohmanniana grohmanniana is considered as Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v). The whole area of distribution is currently included in protected areas.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The taxon is limited to the calcareous mountains northern of Palermo: Monte Pellegrino and the southern slopes of Monte Gallo.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/389B22079F0A5AE4A23B9CE1D26A3029	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
8D9A0FAFEA71520CA06CC1BCF4FC7D89.text	8D9A0FAFEA71520CA06CC1BCF4FC7D89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria leucophryna (L. Pfeiffer 1862) Vest 1867	<div><p>Siciliaria leucophryna (L. Pfeiffer, 1862)</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 11.1-11.5, 12.1-12.6, 13.12-13.14</p> <p>Clausilia leucophryna Pfeiffer 1862: 204.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryne [sic!] - Boettger 1877: 34.</p> <p>Clausilia leucophryne var. laudabilis [sic!] Boettger 1879: 34.</p> <p>Clausilia lencophryna [sic!] - Benoit 1881: 108.</p> <p>Clausilia confinata merens Westerlund 1892: 47.</p> <p>Clausilia leucophryne laudabilis [sic!] - Westerlund 1892: 48.</p> <p>Charpentieria leucophryna - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryna - Welter-Schultes 2012: 341.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryna - Liberto et al. 2012: 560.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryna - Nordsieck 2013b: 7.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryna - Liberto et al. 2015: 489.</p> <p>Charpentieria leucophryna - De Mattia 2017c.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryna microinsularis Sparacio et al. 2021: 598.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryna in the mt tree forms a separate subclade within the big S. calcarae clade (mean p distance 11.3%). As depicted in the combined tree (Fig. 6), the close relationship of this species with S. calcarae appears clear. Siciliaria leucophryna microinsularis Sparacio, Surdo, Viviano, Liberto &amp; Reitano, 2021 was recently introduced from the island of Isola delle Femmine (Palermo). In the comparative notes provided by Sparacio et al. (2021: 599), the character states reveal to fall into the variability we detected for the topotypical specimens from Grotta Conza (Palermo), both regarding shell and genital morphology. In the type locality, small specimens (Hs = 14.7 mm) and light brown colour of the shell are also known. The same applies for the connection between the AUPP and PUPP where specimens from the type locality also show a “wide” spacing. Following the pictures provided by Sparacio et al. (2021: figs 43, 44), the PP of S. leucophryna microinsularis does not appear longer if compared to the PP of the specimens from the type locality (Figs 11.2, 11.3, 11.5). The variability of the sculpturing of the internal walls of the vagina refrains us to consider it a reliable taxonomic character for the whole genus Siciliaria. The status of S. leucophryna microinsularis should be further investigated morphologically as well as genetically. Anyhow, Siciliaria leucophryna microinsularis Sparacio, Surdo, Viviano, Liberto &amp; Reitano, 2021 is here deemed as a local form, thus a junior synonym of Siciliaria l. leucophryna.</p> <p>The population from Via Plauto, concerning the shell, matches with the "Sferracavallo form" described by Nordsieck (2013b: 7), showing a lower inferior lamella and the palatal edge of the clausilium plate more strongly bent upwards.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Palermo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.279078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.187115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.279078/lat 38.187115)">Grotta Conza</a>, 150 m asl, 38°11'13.61"N, 13°16'44.68"E, [Lab ID 55_1, COI: MW758902, ITS2: MW757124; Lab ID 55_2, COI: MW758903], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 15.iv.2017. 15 live spm, 3 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Palermo, Sferracavallo, via <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.267513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.200367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.267513/lat 38.200367)">Plauto</a>, 50 m asl, 38°12'1.32"N, 13°16'3.05"E, [Lab ID 43_1, COI: MW758888], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 15.iv.2017. 7 live spm, 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 12.1-12.6, 13.12-13.14). Shell decollate; whorls ribbed; dorsal keel mostly indistinct or missing; inferior lamella moderately high; anterior upper palatal plica present, widely separated from or connected with upper palatal plica; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally slightly or not receding, palatal edge distally bent upwards (as in Nordsieck 2013b) or not.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 35, decollate): shell height 18.2 ± 2.1, whorl width 4.3 ± 0.2, aperture height 4.5 ± 0.2, aperture width 3.4 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Figs 11.1, 11.4).</p> <p>The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 2.1-2.4). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC of the BC+SDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC = 2.1). The BC+SDBC is club-like to cylindrical and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.4-1.6), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is wide and rounded. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 2.7-2.8) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.9-2.4), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a pointed apex. The V is short and cylindrical. The A is very large. The PC is much longer than the V (P+E/V range 2.4-3.9). The PR is long and thin. There is a clear distinction between P and E as there is a visible ER and a proximal narrowing. The E is thinner but longer than the P (E/P range 1.4-1.8), almost gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs (Figs 11.11.2-11.2, 11.4).</p> <p>The A shows a set of irregular fleshy folds. The P presents two big smooth longitudinal pleats that occupy almost the whole internal penial space. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is very elongated and smooth with a pointed tip. The P-E transition presents two slightly different structures. The population from the L.T. (Grotta Conza) presents a first distal ER, the PP and ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP+ELP). The V presents irregular, transverse to slightly longitudinal pleats. The population from Sferracavallo presents one ER with the PP originating from it. The ELP are not connected with the ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP)+ELP. Distally, the E shows two main ELP that, at its mid length abruptly become finely fringed. The V presents a set of transverse-oblique smooth pleats that merge together one into another forming a kind of chevron or irregular pattern.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryna colonises limestone cliffs hiding in cracks or under stones. It is very common on isolated boulders and tree trunks and barks in the xerophilic scrub around Grotta Conza. The species is quite abundant where found. According to De Mattia (2017c) the species is Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v). The map provided by De Mattia (2017) partially misses a portion of the actual distribution area, as the western part was left out from the perimeter (Pizzo Mollica and Isola delle Femmine).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria leucophryna is known to occur from a small area from Isola delle Femmine to Sferracavallo, including the northernmost sides of Pizzo Mollica and Pizzo Manolfo (where Grotta Conza is located) [(Sparacio et al. (2021)]. Nordsieck (2013b) reports also Monte Gallo, despite recent field collecting failed to find it there. Further field research throughout the whole Pizzo Manolfo-Pizzo Castellaccio-Cozzo San Rocco massif is required to precisely define the distribution of this species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D9A0FAFEA71520CA06CC1BCF4FC7D89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
9FE8C51432725A089EAF1239D18CAB52.text	9FE8C51432725A089EAF1239D18CAB52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria septemplicata (Philippi 1836) Vest 1867	<div><p>Siciliaria septemplicata (Philippi, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 9.1-9.2, 10.1-10.7, 13.9-13.11</p> <p>Clausilia septemplicata Philippi 1836: 139.</p> <p>Clausilia sericina Rossmässler 1836: 7.</p> <p>Clausilia septemplicata - Calcara 1840: 15.</p> <p>Clausilia septemplicata var. prasina A. Schmidt 1868: 41.</p> <p>Clausilia septemplicata - Benoit 1876: 151.</p> <p>Clausilia prasina Benoit 1876: 151.</p> <p>Clausilia septemplicata - Monterosato 1882: 102.</p> <p>Clausilia (Siciliaria) septemplicata - Monterosato 1894: 170.</p> <p>Delima (Siciliaria) septemplicata prasina - Wagner 1913: plate 572, fig. 14.</p> <p>Charpentieria septemplicata - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Siciliaria septemplicata - Welter-Schultes 2012: 343.</p> <p>Siciliaria septemplicata - Nordsieck 2013b: 6.</p> <p>Charpentieria septemplicata - De Mattia 2017b.</p> <p>Taxonomical and phylogenetic remarks.</p> <p>The case of Siciliaria septemplicata and its alleged subspecies ("geographic forms" following Nordsieck 2013b: 7) highlights the weakness of a entirely shell-based taxonomy at the species level.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Palermo, N side of Monte Gallo near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.289239&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.21091" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.289239/lat 38.21091)">Sferracavallo</a>, 40 m asl, 38°12'39.27"N, 13°17'21.26"E, [Lab ID 56_1, COI: MW758904, ITS2: MW757137, MW757138], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 16.iv.2017. 5 live spm, 2 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Palermo, E side of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.301322&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.218227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.301322/lat 38.218227)">Monte Gallo</a>, 140 m asl, 38°13'5.61"N, 13°18'4.76"E, [Lab ID 57_1, COI: MW758937, ITS2: MW757070], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 16.iv.2017. 4 live spm, 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 10.1-10.7, 13.9-13.11). Shell mostly not decollate; whorls rib-striated, with sutural papillae; dorsal keel indistinct or missing; inferior lamella very high; two anterior upper palatal plicae present, upper one mostly separated from upper palatal plica; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally receding, plate gutter-like narrowed, palatal edge against distal end bent upwards and more or less pointed (as in Nordsieck 2013b).</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 18, not decollate): shell height 17.9 ± 0.6, whorl width 4.2 ± 0.2, aperture height 3.9 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.9 ± 0.4.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 9.1).</p> <p>The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range from 1.1 to 3.9). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.1-1.9). The BC+SDBC is cylindrical to spindle-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.1-1.3), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the actual BC. The apex is big and pointed. The D is longer than the V (D/V = 1.9) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.6-1.7), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is cylindrical. The A is large. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 2.0-2.4). The PR is long and thin or short and strong. The E is as long as the P (E/P = 1.0), gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs (Fig. 9.2).</p> <p>The A shows a set of longitudinal irregular pleats. The P presents four to five smooth longitudinal or slightly fringed pleats. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is small to medium in dimensions and elongated. The P-E transition presents a first distal ER, PP and ELP originate from the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER (PP+ELP). The E shows one main longitudinal slightly segmented pleat that fades out before the VD. Few additional small, weak, elevated pleats can also be present. The wall of the E is coarsely granulated. The V presents a set of irregular fleshy folds.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria septemplicata was found dwelling on limestone cliffs, hiding in cracks in exposed or shady spots. According to De Mattia (2017b) the species is Near Threatened.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Following the new taxonomical results, the distribution of Siciliaria septemplicata, must be reconsidered. Beckmann (2004: 188) and Nordsieck (2013b: 7) described a wide area from Cinisi in the west and Monte Gallo in the north to Piana degli Albanesi in the south and Monte Catalfano in the east. At least the area of Cinisi must be removed from the distribution list of Siciliaria septemplicata, it is occupied by S. tiberii alcamoensis comb. nov.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FE8C51432725A089EAF1239D18CAB52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
BB833D9747325B84B816E946FC829B89.text	BB833D9747325B84B816E946FC829B89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria tiberii (A. Schmidt 1868) , s. l. 1867	<div><p>Siciliaria tiberii (A. Schmidt, 1868), s. l.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii s. l. forms an independent subclade in the COI tree and is separated from the other Siciliaria species by 14.3-17.8% (Fig. 4, Table 3).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB833D9747325B84B816E946FC829B89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
3B4D1DDD1672500C89696130F7AE9AEB.text	3B4D1DDD1672500C89696130F7AE9AEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria tiberii subsp. alcamoensis (De Mattia & Reier & Haring 1961) Brandt 1961	<div><p>Siciliaria tiberii alcamoensis Brandt, 1961 comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 25.3-25.5, 26.6-26.9, 29.4, 29.5</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) alcamoensis Brandt 1961: 9.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) septemplicata alcamoensis - Manganelli et al. 1995: 25.</p> <p>Siciliaria septemplicata hemmeni Beckmann 2004: 190.</p> <p>Charpentieria (Siciliaria) septemplicata alcamoensis - Nordsieck 2007: 54.</p> <p>Siciliaria septemplicata alcamoensis - Nordsieck 2013b: 10.</p> <p>Examined specimens.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Cinisi, Piano Margi, 670 m asl, 38°08'58.56"N, 13°09'25.83"E, [Lab ID 37_1, COI: MW758928, ITS2: MW757102, MW757101], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 14.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 26.6-26.9, 29.4-29.5). Shell decollate; whorls striated to rib-striated; dorsal keel very prominent; inferior lamella high; anterior upper palatal plica present, mostly separated from upper palatal plica, sometimes a second or also third upper palatal plica present; anterior lower palatal plica strong; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally more or less strongly bent upwards.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 18, decollate): shell height 21.5 ± 1.3, whorl width 5.2 ± 0.3, aperture height 4.6 ± 0.2, aperture width 3.4 ± 0.4.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 25.3). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 1.4-1.6). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is as long as the BC+SDBC (DBC/BC+SDBC = 1.0). The BC+SDBC is spindle-like to cylindrical and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.4-1.5), with no distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is pointed. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 2.5-2.6) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.6-1.8), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a pointed apex. The V is long, cylindrical and small in diameter. The A is large. The PC is much longer than the V (P+E/V range 2.4-2.6). The PR is long and thin. The ET is clearly visible. There is a clear distinction between P and E, there is a visible ER, and a proximal narrowing. The E is longer than the P (E/P range 2.0-2.1), gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 25.4-25.5). The A shows a set of irregular fleshy folds. The P presents two or three main large longitudinal pleats. These pleats are heavily transversely segmented, getting a comb-like shape. The fine structure of the wall is smooth.</p> <p>The PP is large, elongated, and heavily wrinkled. The P-E transition presents one ER with both the PP and ELP originating from the ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER(PP+ELP). The E shows a set of three or four smooth longitudinal pleats. The V is almost completely smooth. The wall shows a fine granulation.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii alcamoensis comb. nov. inhabits scattered isolated limestone boulders, and is hiding in rock cracks and crevices. After careful field research in a wide area around Piano Margi, the taxon revealed to be remarkably rare and scattered.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii alcamoensis comb. nov. is known only from a small area of less than 1 km2 in the surrounding of the type locality: Piano Margi south of Cinisi on the Montagna Longa. Further field research is needed to define its actual distribution range.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Brandt (1961: 9) described Siciliaria (Siciliaria) alcamoensis based on material from the Senckenberg Museum (SMF163949), provided by Monterosato and labelled as Clausilia difficilis from "Alcamo in NW-Sizilien, ohne nähere Fundortangabe". Brandt (1961: 9) introduced the name Siciliaria alcamoensis as Clausilia difficilis sensu Monterosato [non Clausilia difficilis Retowski, 1889, currently Roseniella difficilis (Retowski, 1889)] is a nomen nudum. Brandt (1961: 10) stated that he was not able to find this species again during field collecting nearby Alcamo, but he also lists in the type material: "Paratypoide Coll. Brandt Cl. 2365/2 leg. Belluci". He did not provide the collecting site of the paratype material so its origin is unknown, but it is conceivable that their shell morphology matches with what he described as Siciliaria (Siciliaria) alcamoensis indeed. Undoubtedly, the locality indication provided by Monterosato on the original SMF label is wrong. Despite intensive field research (WDM) all over the Alcamo area and Bosco d’Alcamo /Monte Bonifato, no specimens/population was found that matches Brandt’s description of Siciliaria alcamoensis. Beckmann (2004: 190) described Siciliaria septemplicata hemmeni from Piano Margi (Cinisi, Palermo). Its description and the pictures (Beckmann 2004: 189 and 190) match with Brandt’s Siciliaria (Siciliaria) alcamoensis, as stated by Nordsieck (2013b: 7) and therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the Monterosato material (SMF163949) was collected from the same area of Beckmann’s species.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii alcamoensis comb. nov. (Figs 26.6-26.9) was treated as a subspecies of S. septemplicata (MolluscaBase 2021). This is due to the fact that the typical form of S. septemplicata (e.g., Monte Gallo populations, Figs 10.1-10.7), is quite similar regarding the morphology of the clausiliar apparatus, (Nordsieck 2013b), despite they greatly differ in the shell surface, sutures ornamentation, colouration, thickness and dimensions. The genital morphology (Figs 25.3-25.4) of S. tiberii alcamoensis gretaly differs from that of S. s. septemplicata (Figs 9.1-9.2). In the COI and concatenated trees, S. t. alcamoensis is is well embedded within the Siciliaria tiberii clade. Since it is found well within the distribution range of S. tiberii s. l., introgression due to hybridisation appears as an unlikely explanation. It might be better explained by incomplete lineage sorting. Possible interspecies hybridisation should be tested on a larger sample size with additional nuclear markers. There is no argument for considering S. s. alcamoensis as a subspecies of S. septemplicata, we here consider it a subspecies S. tiberii.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B4D1DDD1672500C89696130F7AE9AEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
E3DDE51075F55ADAA0EA09297D66A35E.text	E3DDE51075F55ADAA0EA09297D66A35E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria tiberii subsp. armettensis De Mattia & Reier & Haring 2021	<div><p>Siciliaria tiberii armettensis ssp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 27.1-27.3, 28.1-28.3, 29.6-29.8</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Carini, Grotta dei Puntali o dell’Armetta, 90 m asl, 38°8'58.56"N, 13°9'25.83"E.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>1 Holotype (NHMW 113621) [Lab ID 38_1, COI: MW758880, ITS2: MW757098, MW757099, MW757100] and 4 Paratypes (NHMW 113622): Italy, Sicily, Carini, Grotta dei Puntali o dell’Armetta, 90 m asl, 38°08'58.56"N, 13°09'25.83"E, [Lab ID 38_2, COI: MW758881], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 16.iv.2017. 3 dissected spm. 8 Paratypes (CMWDM 18227): same locality.</p> <p>Shell diagnosis.</p> <p>Shell decollate; whorls moderately ribbed; dorsal keel prominent; inferior lamella high; anterior upper palatal plica present, knob present at distal end of the upper palatal plica, detached from the lunella; lower anterior palatal plica (ALPP) present; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally strongly bent upwards.</p> <p>Shell description</p> <p>(Figs 28.1-28.3, 29.6-29.8). The shell is elongated, fusiform, sinistral, decollate and robust. It is brown to dark reddish in colour. The shell surface has small ribs, more densely packed towards the decollate tip and gradually spreading towards the aperture. There are whitish papillae along the moderately deep sutures throughout the whole teleoconch. The spire is slowly and regularly growing, with 7 ½ (after decollation) slightly convex whorls. The basal and cervical keels are well distinct. The umbilicus is closed. The aperture is roundish to subovoid and its height is ~ 1/4 to 1/5 of shell height. The PRI is short and it ends at the level of the L. It is not fused with the L and presents a slight thickening along its posterior end. The PRI is not visible from a frontal view of the aperture. The L is dorso-lateral to lateral. The PUPP is short or obsolete, knob-like and connected to the L. The AUPP is strong and long, detached from the L and clearly visible from the aperture. The distal end of the AUPP has a well-developed knob. The BAS starts directly from the L and it is long and strong, well visible from the aperture. The SCL is absent or resembling an irregular small thickening, connected with the lunella. The IL is very high to extremely high. The SUL is tooth-like, long and overlapping with the SPL. The SPL is long and it ends at 4/5 of the last whorl. The SCOL is not visible. The peristome is continuous, markedly thickened and reflected. It is not superiorly fused to the wall of the first whorl. The palatal edge of the clausilium is distally receding and bent upwards. The plate is cylindrical in shape. The palatal edge against the distal end is bent upwards and more or less blunt.</p> <p>Measurements.</p> <p>Holotype: decollate shell height 20.1, whorl width 4.8, aperture height 4.6, aperture width 3.1. Paratypes (n = 35, decollate): shell height 19.7 ± 1.6, whorl width 4.6 ± 0.2, aperture height 4.2 ± 0.3, aperture width 2.8 ± 0.3.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 27.1). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 1.5-1.8). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.0-1.3). The BC+SDBC is irregularly spindle-like and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.6-1.9), with no distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is pointed. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 3.0-3.2) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 2.1-2.3), much thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small but round apex. The V is short, cylindrical and large in diameter. The A is large. The PC is much longer than the V (P+E/V range 2.6-2.8). The PR is short and robust. The ET is not clearly visible. The E is longer than the P (E/P range 1.7-1.9), gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 27.2, 27.3). The A shows a set of irregular fleshy folds. The P presents a main longitudinal fleshy fold that goes from the PP as far as the A. This fold is heavily segmented in an oblique way. Additionally, the P also shows a set of small longitudinal and irregular small pleats that reach the A. The fine structure of the wall is smooth. The PP is small, elongated and smooth. The P-E transition presents a first distal and a second median ER while both the PP and ELP originates from a third proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER+3ER(PP+ELP). The E shows five to seven smooth longitudinal pleats that proximally turn into a pattern of coarse small weak pleats that gradually fade away towards the VD. The V shows a set of heavy and robust transverse smooth pleats that proximally begin somehow irregularly. The wall is smooth.</p> <p>Comparative analysis.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii armettensis ssp. nov., like the nominate subspecies, has a ribbed shell and it is clearly distinguishable from all the remaining subspecies that present a more or less striated but ribless shell surface. Nonetheless, the nominate subspecies shows a stronger ribbing, with elevated and robust ribs. The distal end of the AUPP always presents a knob that is well visible from the frontal view (Figs 28.1-28.2). This feature is shared also by the nominate subspecies (Fig. 26.1) but only by the ≈25% of the investigated specimens (n = 40).</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii armettensis ssp. nov. inhabits east-exposed limestone walls and cliffs, hiding among tuft of vegetation, rocks cracks and crevices.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii armettensis ssp. nov. is exclusively known from the type locality, the surroundings of the Grotta dei Puntali o dell’Armetta. Further field investigation along the Monte Pecoraro eastern slopes is needed in order to determine the actual distribution of the taxon. Grotta dei Puntali o dell’Armetta are included in the protected area Riserva Naturale Grotta dei Puntali.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The taxon is named after the Grotte dell’Armetta, a complex of natural caves where wall engravings and stone handcrafted tools, dated from the Paleolithic to the Bronze Age, were discovered (Mannino 1978).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3DDE51075F55ADAA0EA09297D66A35E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
E0761FBC191B5C97AE543926465B2E5B.text	E0761FBC191B5C97AE543926465B2E5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria tiberii subsp. scalettensis Beckmann 2004	<div><p>Siciliaria tiberii scalettensis Beckmann, 2004</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 27.4-27.6, 28.5-28.9, 29.9-29.11</p> <p>Charpentieria (Siciliaria) tiberii scalettensis Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii scalettensis - Nordsieck 2007: 54.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii scalettensis - Nordsieck 2013b: 10.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Cinisi, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.124228&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.176537" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.124228/lat 38.176537)">Portella Scaletta</a>, 90 m asl, 38°10'35.53"N, 13°07'27.22"E, [Lab ID 17_2, COI: MW758923, ITS2: MW757108, MW757109, MW757110], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 18.iv.2017. 3 dissected spm. Italy, Sicily, Cinisi, along the SS113 road from Villagrazia di Carini to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.12625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.17846" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.12625/lat 38.17846)">Cinisi</a>, 70 m asl, 38°10'42.45"N, 13°07'34.50"E, [Lab ID 39_1, COI: MW758882, ITS2: MW757095, MW757096, MW757097], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 18.iv.2017. 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 28.5-28.9, 29.9-29.11). Shell mostly decollate; whorls striated; dorsal keel mostly prominent; inferior lamella high to very high; anterior upper palatal plica present, separated or connected with upper palatal plica; a second lower separate upper palatal present, anterior lower palatal plica strong; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally more or less strongly bent upwards.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 45, decollate). shell height 18.5 ± 1.3, whorl width 4.6 ± 0.2, aperture height 4.0 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.9 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 27.4). The FO is as long as the V (FO/V = 1.0). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.2-1.3). The BC+SDBC is club-like to cylindrical and slightly shorter than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 0.8-0.9), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and rounded. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 1.3-1.7) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.6-1.8), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is cylindrical. The A is large. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 1.5-1.9). The PR is short and robust. The ET is visible. The E is longer than the P (E/P range 2.0-2.2) and gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 27.5, 27.6). The A is smooth or with few fleshy weak, oblique folds. The P presents a set of transverse, often interrupted smooth pleats. The penial wall is smooth. The PP is big, elongated and smooth. The P-E transition presents one ER. The PP doesn’t originate from an ER and is connected to ELP. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+PP(ELP).</p> <p>The P of the population from the road to Cinisi (300 from NNE of the type locality), proximally shows pleats that are longitudinal and progressively turn into a transverse pattern as proceeding towards the A. The PP is also markedly different, being heavily wrinkled but the epiphallar formula is the same as the LT. The E shows a pattern of three or four smooth longitudinal pleats. These pleats merge one into another forming two main fringed pleats that run as far as the VD. The V is almost smooth with a very fine granulation.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii scalettensis inhabits limestone walls and cliffs, hiding among tuft of vegetation, rocks cracks and crevices. The taxon is common at the type locality (Villa Paradiso) with a rich population and few more scattered, smaller populations among the limestone spur.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii scalettensis is known only from a small area of less than 0.5 km2 around the of the type locality: Portella Scaletta along the SS113 road, from Villagrazia di Carini to Cinisi (Palermo). It was collected along a limestone spur heading NNE.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>90% of the specimens (n = 45) of Siciliaria tiberii scalettensis present a second, lower AUPP, shorter than the superior AUPP and detached both from the AUPP and the L. This feature is shared only with the nominate subspecies.</p> <p>Sicania taxonomic part</p> <p>In Table 7 the main differences among the Sicania taxa regarding both shell and genital main taxonomical characters are summarised.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0761FBC191B5C97AE543926465B2E5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
1DD47A1A356B5385A4D3DEAA8AA05FA4.text	1DD47A1A356B5385A4D3DEAA8AA05FA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siciliaria tiberii subsp. tiberii (A. Schmidt 1868) tiberii (A. Schmidt 1868	<div><p>Siciliaria tiberii tiberii (A. Schmidt, 1868)</p> <p>Figs 1.F, 25.1-25.2, 26.1-26.5, 29.1-29.3</p> <p>Clausilia tiberii Schmidt 1868: 40.</p> <p>Clausilia tiberiana Benoit 1876: 152.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii - Boettger 1877: 33.</p> <p>Siciliaria (Siciliaria) tiberii - Nordsieck 1979: 259.</p> <p>Charpentieria tiberii - Beckmann 2004: 188.</p> <p>Charpentieria (Siciliaria) tiberii tiberii - Nordsieck 2007: 54.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii - Welter-Schultes 2012: 343.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii - Nordsieck 2013b: 8.</p> <p>Charpentieria tiberii - De Mattia 2017f.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Sicily, Terrasini, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.053892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.13863" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.053892/lat 38.13863)">Capo Rama</a>, 30 m asl, 38°08'19.06"N, 13°03'14.01"E, [Lab ID 19_1, COI: MW758919, ITS2: MW757116, MW757117; Lab ID 19_2, COI: MW758920], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg., 16.xii.2007. 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>Shell</p> <p>(Figs 26.1-26.5, 29.1-29.3). Shell decollate; whorls ribbed; dorsal keel prominent; inferior lamella high to very high; anterior upper palatal plica strong and long, separated from the lunella; sometimes the anterior upper palatal plica presents a distal knob, sometimes another lower weak upper palatal plica is present close to the ALPP; anterior lower upper palatal plica strong and long; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally more or less strongly bent upwards.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>(n = 40, decollate): shell height 16.3 ± 1.2, whorl width 4.0 ± 0.1, aperture height 3.1 ± 0.2, aperture width 2.3 ± 0.2.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 25.1). The FO is longer than the V (FO/V range 2.0-2.3). The VD is thin along its whole course except for the proximal part where it is larger in diameter. The FDBC is longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 1.5-1.7). The BC+SDBC is club-like to cylindrical and slightly longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.2-1.5), with no clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and rounded. The D is slightly longer than the V (D/V range 1.7-1.9) and slightly longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.1-1.5), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small and round apex. The V is big and cylindrical. The A is large and long. The PC is longer than the V (P+E/V range 2.9-3.4). The PR is very short and robust. The ET is clearly visible. The E is longer than the P (E/P range 1.1-1.7) and gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 25.2). The A shows few fleshy weak irregular folds. The P presents a set of transverse smooth pleats. The pleats are slightly irregular and tend to fade towards the A. The penial wall is smooth. The PP is big, elongated and markedly wrinkled with a pointed apex. It originates from one transverse epiphallar ring. The E shows two main fringed pleats that run as far as the VD. The V shows a weak irregular pattern of smooth pleats.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Siciliaria tiberii tiberii is found under stones, among scree, rocky debris and on dry stonewalls along the coastline, on a limestone plateau. According to De Mattia (2017f), the taxon is Near Threatened.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Beckmann (2004: 188), following Nordsieck’s personal communications cites Siciliaria tiberii tiberii from a southern area surrounding San Cipirello (Madonna dei Furi, Monte Palmeto, Monte della Fiera, San Giuseppe Jato and Monte della Scala). As previously stated, this identification revealed to be wrong.</p> <p>As a result, the actual distributional range of Siciliaria tiberii tiberii seems to be limited to the area from San Cataldo (Partinico) in the south to Monte Palmeto and Capo Rama (Terrasini) in the north to the northern slopes of Monte Pecoraro. Further field research is needed in order to define its actual distribution. Recent findings of Diego Viola (Trieste, Italy) from a locality between San Giuseppe Jato and Piana degli Albanesi revealed the presence of a population of Siciliaria cfr. Siciliaria tiberii that clearly differ, as a shell, from S. calcarae jatinensis ssp. nov. and S. calcarae parajatinensis ssp. nov.(personal communication). The poor samples available (few damaged shells) did not allow us a thorough investigation.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Monte San Calogero in the east (cited by Nordsieck as also included in the S. tiberii distribution), is an isolate limestone massif 10 km SE of Termini Imerese, 50 km east of San Cipirello and 65 km SSE of Capo Rama. The presence of S. tiberii tiberii in this locality, due to its remarkable distance, should be confirmed by further field research and not only inferred from museum samples. Mislabelling or wrong locality assignments could have played a role in this regard (as for Siciliaria septemplicata alcamoensis, see below). The diagnosis provided by Nordsieck (2013b: 8) "Shell not or only in part decollate; dorsal keel less strong" imply that it might represent another population of S. calcarae s. l., yet more field and taxonomical research is needed. Clausilia tiberiana Paulucci 1878 is deemed as junior synonym of Siciliaria tiberii tiberii by Nordsieck (2013b: 8). The authorship is probably wrong as Paulucci (1878: 13) cites Clausilia tiberiana Benoit: Benoit (1875: 152) introduced the name Clausilia tiberiana as a "Elegante e bella specie de’ dintorni di S. Giuseppe delle Mortelle contrada non lungi da Palermo" and depicted this taxon in 1876 (Table VI, fig. 7). Benoit (1881: 107) stated that again that "Questa bellissima e grande conchiglia, non conosciuta dagli autori siciliani vive nella contrada detta S. Giuseppe delle Mortelle, non lungi da Palermo". Despite intensive collecting in the surrounding of Palermo by one of the authors (WDM), we were unable to identify the position of this old toponym (also by asking locals).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1DD47A1A356B5385A4D3DEAA8AA05FA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
5ADAAE83DACC5F7A8AA9CE91F23BD51C.text	5ADAAE83DACC5F7A8AA9CE91F23BD51C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica ernae (Fauer 1978) O.Boettger 1877	<div><p>Stigmatica ernae (Fauer, 1978)</p> <p>Figs 60.3, 60.4, 61.5, 61.6</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This species is restricted to the eastern side of the Monti Alburni, Campania, Italy.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Campania, Salerno, San Rufo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.438178&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.424183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.438178/lat 40.424183)">Passo della Sentinella.</a> 850 m asl, 40°25'27.06"N, 15°26'17.44"E. W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 60.3). The FO is 4-5 ×longer than the V. The FDBC is 2 × as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is slightly club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is longer than the SDBC+BC. The V is short. The PC is ~ 3 × longer than the V. The P is irregular and folded in shape. The transition between P and E is slightly visible. The PR is very long and slim. The E is half as long as the P and thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 60.4). The V is smooth. The P shows five to six irregular transverse smooth pleats that stop before entering in the atrium. The pseudopapilla is moderately short with a smooth surface. It originates from the E wall. The epiphallar formula is PP+ELP. The E shows two smooth ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stigmatica ernae shows an extremely long FO and, as a whole, the female part of the distal genital organs shows an ectomorphic type (except as regards the vagina) whereas the PC is relatively short.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5ADAAE83DACC5F7A8AA9CE91F23BD51C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
45F9DC09EAD358D3A0ACAC8E4549A732.text	45F9DC09EAD358D3A0ACAC8E4549A732.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica incerta (Kuester 1861) O.Boettger 1877	<div><p>Stigmatica incerta (Kuester, 1861)</p> <p>Figs 60.5, 60.6, 61.7</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Stigmatica incerta is found in the Madonie and Nebrodi mountains in Sicily and in southern Calabria.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Calabria, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.319284&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.5451" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.319284/lat 38.5451)">Vibo Valentia</a>, Serra San Bruno. 945 m asl, 38°32'42.36"N, 16°19'09.42"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 60.5). The FO is 2.5 × as long as the V. The FDBC is remarkably longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is short, bulky, club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner. The PC is ~ 4 × longer than the V. The P is moderately wide in diameter and swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 60.6). The V presents few smooth longitudinal pleats, distally merging one into another, that stop immediately before entering the A. The P shows three or four slightly fringed pleats that continue almost as far as the A. These penial pleats tend to distally merge one into the other. The pseudopapilla is moderately long and smooth. It originates directly from the E wall, which is connected with the ELP by thin smooth longitudinal pleats. The two ELP are moderately fringed. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ER)+ELP.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>This species is restricted to higher altitudes from 800 m asl up. It is found in mixed Fagus and Picea forests on barks and moss in humid habitats. Benoit (1876: 152) reports this taxon also on barks of Acer campestre (maple) from the Madonie and Quercus sp. (oak) from Gibilmanna (Palermo).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/45F9DC09EAD358D3A0ACAC8E4549A732	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
0BE5B2FC88625B78A55515931D31EC28.text	0BE5B2FC88625B78A55515931D31EC28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica kobeltiana (Kuester 1876) O.Boettger 1877	<div><p>Stigmatica kobeltiana (Kuester, 1876)</p> <p>Figs 60.7-60.12, 61.8-61.11</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Calabria, Italy (Nordsieck 2013a: 7).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Calabria, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.250534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.13278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.250534/lat 39.13278)">Cosenza</a>, Altilia. 460 m asl, 39°07'58.01"N, 16°15'01.92"E, [Lab ID St11_1, COI: MW758965], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm; Italy, Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Gerace, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.197027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.281506" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.197027/lat 38.281506)">Strada Provinciale</a> 1, 3.5 km NW of the town. 400 m asl, 38°16'53.42"N, 16°11'49.3"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm; Italy, Calabria, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.071703&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.140182" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.071703/lat 39.140182)">Cosenza</a>, Amantea. 30 m asl, 39°08'24.65"N, 16°04'18.13"E, W. I. Niero leg., W. De Mattia det., 1 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 60.7, 60.9, 60.11). The V is as long as the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and slightly thinner. The V is long but thin in diameter. The PC is ~ 2 × longer than the V. The P is wide in diameter and swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is slightly longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 60.8, 60.10, 60.12). The V presents many smooth longitudinal pleats that stop immediately before entering the A. The P shows five to seven longitudinal to irregularly fringed pleats that continue as far as the A where they become smooth. These penial pleats are irregular and randomly split and merge again one into the other and irregularly split or merge one into another. The pseudopapilla is smooth, short to moderately long. It originates from the ER which is connected to the ELP by means of three or four smooth longitudinal pleats. The two ELP are slightly fringed and fade before entering the VD. The epiphallar formula is PP(ER)+ELP.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BE5B2FC88625B78A55515931D31EC28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
5B2CEEDD0EA35CB0BB257102C03FFC7C.text	5B2CEEDD0EA35CB0BB257102C03FFC7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica lamellata (Rossmaessler 1836) O.Boettger 1877	<div><p>Stigmatica lamellata (Rossmaessler, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 60.13-60.15, 61.12</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The species is distributed in southwestern Albania and Corfu, Greece (Welter-Schultes 2012).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Greece, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.884928&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.477055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.884928/lat 39.477055)">Corfu</a>, Gardiki fortress. 40 m asl, 39°28'37.39"N, 19°53'5.74"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 60.13). The V is much longer than the FO. The FDBC is shorter than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The SDBC appears very thin. The D is shorter than the SDBC+BC and slightly thinner. The V is very long, cylindrical and thin in diameter. The PC is ~ 2 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical spindle-like. The transition between P and EP is only slightly visible and an ER is not clearly detectable. The PR is long and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 60.14-60.15). The V is smooth. The P shows transversal, huge smooth pleats that stop before the A. The pseudopapilla is elongated, subquadrangular and smooth. The pseudopapilla originated directly from the epiphallar wall and its base is connected to one EPL. The ER is missing. The epiphallar formula is: PP+ELP. The E shows two smooth ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B2CEEDD0EA35CB0BB257102C03FFC7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
C95FB04188F9579E981D8B6CEAE6798F.text	C95FB04188F9579E981D8B6CEAE6798F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica paestana subsp. intustructa (Westerlund 1883) O.Boettger 1877	<div><p>Stigmatica paestana intustructa (Westerlund, 1883)</p> <p>Figs 62.4, 62.5, 64.2</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This taxon is present in Basilicata, known from the area surrounding Balvano (Italy) (Nordsieck 2013b: 7).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Basilicata, Potenza, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.510808&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.650345" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.510808/lat 40.650345)">Balvano</a>, near the castle. 450 m asl, 40°39'01.23"N, 15°30'38.91"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 3 dissected spm; Italy, Basilicata, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.510859&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.64457" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.510859/lat 40.64457)">Potenza</a>, Balvano. 450 m asl, 40°38'40.44"N, 15°30'39.09"E, I. Niero leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 62.4). The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is slightly club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and much thinner. The V is short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 4 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible with a narrowing and the presence of the ER. The PR is short and robust. The E is longer than the P.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 62.5). The V, the A and the P lack any macro-sculpturing. The internal surface shows a coarse fine granulation. The pseudopapilla is elongated and with a smooth surface. It originates directly from the wall of the E. Its basis is connected with one ELP. The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD. The epiphallar formula is PP(ELP).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stigmatica paestana intustructa shows an anatomy of the genital organs very similar to the nominate subspecies.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C95FB04188F9579E981D8B6CEAE6798F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
A7960F853E225C9C912665FDA13F211D.text	A7960F853E225C9C912665FDA13F211D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica paestana subsp. paestana (Philippi 1836) paestana (Philippi 1836	<div><p>Stigmatica paestana paestana (Philippi, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 62.1-62.3, 64.1</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The nominate subspecies is widespread in central and southern peninsular Italy [from Tuscany (Monte Argentario) and S. Abruzzo to N. Calabria] (Nordsieck 2013a: 7).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Toscana, Grosseto, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.167772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.387196" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.167772/lat 42.387196)">Porto Ercole</a>, Monte Telegrafo. 600 m asl, 42°23'13.90"N, 11°10'3.98"E, A. Margelli leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 62.1). The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is as long as the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D extremely long, much longer than the SDBC+BC and much thinner. The V is very short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 5 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible with a narrowing and the presence of the ER. The PR is long and robust. The E is slightly longer than the P and similar in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 62.2, 62.3). The V, the A and the P lack any macro-sculpturing. The internal surface shows a coarse fine granulation. The pseudopapilla is cylindrical with a smooth surface. The pseudopapilla originates from a weak ER that is not connected with the ELP. The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD. The epiphallar formula is PP(ER)+ELP.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7960F853E225C9C912665FDA13F211D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
7AA69837206F594985EE9CEF864E0BAA.text	7AA69837206F594985EE9CEF864E0BAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica pantocratoris subsp. margaritifera (Nordsieck 1996) O.Boettger 1877	<div><p>Stigmatica pantocratoris margaritifera (Nordsieck, 1996)</p> <p>Figs 63.5, 63.6, 64.4</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Stigmatica pantocratoris margaritifera is known from northern Greece up to Kozani and Veria, SW Albania (Gjirokastër, Delvinë and Sarandë districts), and the Greek-Albanian border region of Epirus near Konitsa (Nordsieck 1996: 11).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Albania, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.16983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.90343" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.16983/lat 39.90343)">Delvine District</a> , Krongj, rocky grassland at the peak region of Mt Koqinolithar. 890 m asl, 39°54'12.34"N, 20°10'11.39"E, Barina, Pifkó, Puskás leg. W. De Mattia det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 63.5). The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is large, club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner in diameter. The V is very short but large in diameter. The PC is ~ 5 × longer than the V. The P is large and proximally folded. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible with an evident epiphallar narrowing is not evident. The ER is visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is longer than the P and not much thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 63.6). The V, the A and the P lack any macro-sculpturing. The internal surface shows a very fine granulation. The pseudopapilla is extremely reduced, almost vestigial. It originates from a well-developed ER that seems not to be connected with the ELP. The E shows two fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD. The epiphallar formula is PP(ER)+ELP.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Mainland populations of Stigmatica pantocratoris revealed a reduction or the complete lack of the pseudopapilla, whereas it is well developed in the nominate subspecies on the island of Corfu. More anatomical research would be necessary to improve the knowledge about the character states of the pseudopapilla, in order to properly assess, together with genetic molecular data, the status of these taxa.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7AA69837206F594985EE9CEF864E0BAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
E83D523CBB5D5E1CA18A2BAB9F31057E.text	E83D523CBB5D5E1CA18A2BAB9F31057E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica pantocratoris subsp. pantocratoris (O. Boettger 1889) pantocratoris (O. Boettger 1889	<div><p>Stigmatica pantocratoris pantocratoris (O. Boettger, 1889)</p> <p>Figs 63.1, 63.2, 64.3</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The nominate subspecies is restricted to the Island of Corfu, Greece.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Greece, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.846453&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.77173" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.846453/lat 39.77173)">Corfu</a>, Lafki. 420 m asl, 39°46'18.23"N, 19°50'47.23"E, [Lab ID St9_2, COI: MW758964, ITS2: MW757041, MW757042, MW757043], W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 63.1). The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is spindle-like in shape, with a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and much thinner. The V is short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 2.5 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is not clearly visible and ER is difficult to detect. The PR is short and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 63.2). The V presents many smooth longitudinal pleats that stop before entering the A. The A and the P are smooth. The pseudopapilla is smooth, long and occupies almost the whole penial volume. It originates directly from the wall of the E and it is not connected with the ELP. The E shows two moderately fringed ELP. They proximally fade before the VD. The epiphallar formula is PP+ELP.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E83D523CBB5D5E1CA18A2BAB9F31057E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
92D0A952711251129351B35C1D2CD607.text	92D0A952711251129351B35C1D2CD607.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica splendens (Nordsieck 1996) O.Boettger 1877	<div><p>Stigmatica splendens (Nordsieck, 1996)</p> <p>Figs 63.3, 63.4, 64.4</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This taxon is restricted to southern Albania from Tepelenë area near Lum i Bençës (Nordsieck 1996: 12).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Albania, Vlorë district, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.82974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.056965" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.82974/lat 40.056965)">Qeparo</a>, macchia with tree spurges W of the village, 20 m, 50 m asl, 40°03'25.07"N, 19°49'47.06"E, Juhász, Kovács, Murányi, Puskás leg. W. De Mattia det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 63.3). The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is shorter than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, large, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is extremely long, much longer than the SDBC+BC and slightly thinner. The V is short and very thin in diameter. The PC is ~ 3 × longer than the V. The P is large and proximally folded. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible even if the epiphallar narrowing is not evident. The ER is visible. The PR is short and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 63.4). The V, the A and the P lack any macro-sculpturing. The internal surface shows a coarse fine granulation. The pseudopapilla is missing. The transition between P and E is visible. The E shows two fringed ELP that start with two smooth longitudinal pleats. They proximally fade before the VD. The epiphallar formula is: ELP.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The lack of the pseudopapilla represents a possible apomorphic state of the epiphallus as already seen in other genera (e.g., Montenegrina, De Mattia 2020).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/92D0A952711251129351B35C1D2CD607	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
BE69101F107D5E1E9F241E38B6A5D55C.text	BE69101F107D5E1E9F241E38B6A5D55C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica stigmatica subsp. stigmatica (Rossmässler 1836) stigmatica stigmatica (Rossmaessler 1836	<div><p>Stigmatica stigmatica stigmatica (Rossmaessler, 1836)</p> <p>Figs 59.1-59.6, 61.1-61.3</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>The nominate subspecies is distributed from southern Dalmatia (from the Neretva River southward), Herzegovina, Montenegro to northern Albania.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Croatia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.093956&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.670074" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.093956/lat 42.670074)">Dubrovnik</a>, Sustjepan, Reka Dubrovačka. 5 m asl, 42°40'12.26"N, 18° 05'38.24"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm; Montenegro, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.911304&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.226067" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.911304/lat 42.226067)">Rijeka Rezevici</a>, on the Budva-Petrovac road, 100 m asl, 42°13'33.84"N, 18°54'40.70"E, Deli, Erőss, Fehér leg. W. De Mattia det., 2 dissected spm.; Montenegro, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.541435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.468903" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.541435/lat 42.468903)">Orjen Mts</a>, Podi and Kameno, Herceg Novi-Trebinije Road. 325 m asl, 42°28'8.05"N, 18°32'29.17"E Deli, Erőss, Fehér leg. W. De Mattia det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs (Figs 59.1, 59.3, 59.5).</p> <p>The V is much shorter than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is extremely longer than the SDBC+BC but remarkably thinner. The V is very short but wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 4-5 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical or slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible. The PR is short but very robust. The E is usually as long as the P and thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 59.2, 59.4, 59.6). The V is smooth. The P shows a pattern of irregularly fringed or smooth pleats, sometimes forming and irregular net-like pattern, usually disappearing toward the A that is smooth. The pseudopapilla small and roundish. It originates from the E wall, which is connected with the ELP. The epiphallar formula is ER(PP+ELP). The E shows two fringed ELP, sometimes remarkably irregular and connected with small fleshy transversal bridges. They proximally fade before the VD.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE69101F107D5E1E9F241E38B6A5D55C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
9D62146958E850428F37DD0444BF68A6.text	9D62146958E850428F37DD0444BF68A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica stigmatica subsp. sturmii (L. Pfeiffer 1848) O.Boettger 1877	<div><p>Stigmatica stigmatica sturmii (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)</p> <p>Figs 60.1, 60.2, 61.4</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This taxon is restricted to the Salento (Puglia, Italy) and central Albania with the type form (Nordsieck 2013a: 6).</p> <p>Specimens examined:</p> <p>Italy, Puglia, Brindisi, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.944567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.675446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.944567/lat 40.675446)">Punta Penne</a> next to the Airport. 5 m asl, 40°40'31.60"N, 17°56'40.44"E, [Lab ID 12194_1, COI: MW758949, ITS2: MW757053, MW757054; Lab ID 12194_2, COI: MW758950], H. Nordsieck leg. and det. 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 60.1). The V is shorter than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and slightly thinner. The V is moderately long and thin in diameter. The PC is ~ 2 × longer than the V. The P is slim and cylindrical. The transition between P and EP is not visible. The PR is long and robust. The E is shorter than the P and thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 60.2). The V is smooth. The P shows a single smooth longitudinal pleat that reaches the atrium. The pseudopapilla is elongated with an irregular surface. It originates from the E wall. The epiphallar formula is PP+ELP. The E shows two smooth ELP. They proximally fade before the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The morphology of the genital organs of this population is remarkably different from all other Stigmatica, and it shows high affinity with the genus Gibbularia. This is also suggested by the ITS2 tree, where G. gibbula gibbula from Apricena and this population cluster together implying that this population might were misidentified and belongs to the genus Gibbularia. However, in the COI tree, S. s. sturmii forms a very distant lineage. Thus, this taxon certainly deserves thorough investigation with a larger sample size.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D62146958E850428F37DD0444BF68A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
3769474E8D235501B481080CD589FB23.text	3769474E8D235501B481080CD589FB23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica vulcanica subsp. sigridae Nordsieck 2013	<div><p>Stigmatica vulcanica sigridae Nordsieck, 2013</p> <p>Figs 65.7, 65.8, 66.4, 66.5</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Stigmatica vulcanica sigridae is restricted to a small range east of Cosenza in central Calabria (Nordsieck 2013a: 10).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.17514&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.247566" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.17514/lat 39.247566)">Contrada Rizzuto.</a> 770 m asl, 39°14'51.24"N, 16°10'30.51"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, Contrada Rizzuto road to San Bartolo, Cosenza, Calabria, Italy. 740 m asl, 39°15'20.65"N, 16°11'09.16"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 65.9). The V as long as the FO. The FDBC is 1.5 × longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like in shape, with a clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is much longer than the SDBC+BC and remarkably thinner. The V is wide in diameter. The PC is ~ 2.5 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible with a strong ET. The PR is short and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Fig. 65.10). The V shows a weak longitudinal sculpturing. The P shows 6 to 8 smooth longitudinal pleats that fade as entering into the A. The pseudopapilla is smooth and short. It originates from the ER which is connected to the ELP by means of three or four smooth longitudinal pleats. The two ELP are slightly fringed and fade before entering the VD. The epiphallar formula is PP(ER)+ELP.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stigmatica vulcanica sigridae was described based on shell characters that slightly differ from the nominate subspecies (Nordsieck 2013a: 10). Its anatomy of the genital organs, except for the smooth (instead of fringed) longitudinal penial pleats, matches with the nominate subspecies populations from Calabria but nevertheless keeps reliable differences with the Sicilian samples.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3769474E8D235501B481080CD589FB23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
E094522F3052548A98FEB54DF49C37DF.text	E094522F3052548A98FEB54DF49C37DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stigmatica vulcanica subsp. vulcanica (Benoit 1860) vulcanica (Benoit 1860	<div><p>Stigmatica vulcanica vulcanica (Benoit, 1860)</p> <p>Figs 65.1-65.6, 66.1-66.3</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Stigmatica vulcanica vulcanica is found in northeastern Sicily, Eaolian Islands and Calabria (Nordsieck 2013a: 7).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.258394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.28391" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.258394/lat 39.28391)">Via Porta Piana.</a> 300 m asl, 39°17'2.08"N, 16°15'30.22"E, [Lab ID 12068_2, COI: MW758943, ITS2: MW757060, MW757061], H. Nordsieck leg. and det., 2 dissected spm; Italy, Calabria, Paola, Castello di San Lucido, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.044436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.35918" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.044436/lat 39.35918)">Via Porta Piana.</a> 120 m asl, 39°21'33.06"N, 16°02'39.97"E, I. Niero leg. and det., 1 dissected spm; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.071703&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.140182" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.071703/lat 39.140182)">Amantea.</a> 30 m asl, 39°08'24.65"N, 16°04'18.13"E, W. I. Niero leg., W. De Mattia det., 1 dissected spm; Italy, Sicily, Catania, Belpasso, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.990395&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.603878" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.990395/lat 37.603878)">Contrada Piscitello.</a> 650 m asl, 37°36'13.96"N, 14°59'25.42"E, W. De Mattia and J. Macor leg. and det., 2 dissected spm.</p> <p>External morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 65.1, 65.3, 65.5, 65.7). The V can be as long as or shorter or longer than the FO. The FDBC is longer than the SDBC+BC. The BC+SDBC is club-like to slightly elongated in shape, with a more or less clear distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The D is as long as or much longer than the SDBC+BC and thinner. The PC is ~ 2 × longer than the V. The P is cylindrical and slightly swollen. The transition between P and EP is clearly visible and two samples out of nine showed a strong ET. The PR is long and robust. The E is longer than the P but thinner in diameter.</p> <p>Internal morphology of the genital organs</p> <p>(Figs 65.2, 65.4, 65.6, 65.8). Belpasso, Catania, Sicily (Fig. 65.2): The V is smooth. The P shows a chevron-like pattern that gradually disappears as approaching the A. The proximal penis presents an irregular pattern of smooth small pleats. The pseudopapilla is very long and reaches the A. It is smooth and slightly irregularly folded at its base. The ER is not present. The E distally shows many small irregular pleats that proximally merge into two smooth ELP. They proximally fade before the VD. The epiphallar formula is: PP(ELP).</p> <p>Cosenza and Paola, Calabria (Figs 65.4, 65.6): The V is smooth. The P shows many fine smooth longitudinal pleats that tend to fade towards the A. The pseudopapilla is very long and almost reaches the A. It is smooth and blade-shaped. A strong ER is present. The pseudopapilla originates from the E wall, independent from the ER and it is connected to the ELP by means of 3 to 8 smooth longitudinal pleats. The epiphallar formula is: PP+ER(ELP). The two ELP are smooth and fade before entering the VD.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stigmatica vulcanica vulcanica showed a variable morphology of the genital organs. The Sicilian samples present an anatomy of the genital organs that greatly differs from those from Calabria. The internal penis of two populations from Cosenza shows longitudinal pleats vs. the chevron pattern of the Sicilian samples. Moreover, the pseudopapilla and the transition between P and E are different (presence of the ER vs. absence of ER).</p> <p>Unfortunately, genetic molecular data are not yet available from topotypic populations from the Mongibello-Etna (Sicily) thus, although the anatomical investigations highlight reliable differences, the relationships with and the status of the Calabrian populations still have to be properly assessed.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E094522F3052548A98FEB54DF49C37DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	De Mattia, Willy;Reier, Susanne;Haring, Elisabeth	De Mattia, Willy, Reier, Susanne, Haring, Elisabeth (2021): Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae). ZooKeys 1077: 1-175, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081
