identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6.text	02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostaurosira aedes E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector 2021	<div><p>Pseudostaurosira aedes E. Morales, C.E. Wetzel &amp; Ector sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1A ’-G’ (LM), 4A-F (SEM)</p> <p>Holotype.</p> <p>Slide ANSP GC 26815, Fig. 1A ', Diatom Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). Isotype. Slide DBOL-0246a, Diatomotheca Boliviensis (before HCUCB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Bolivia. Sajama Province, Department of Oruro, Desaguadero River, epipsammon, 17°23'51"S; 68°14'33"W, 3701 m elev., leg. G. Chávez, 05.07.2009.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Frustules rectangular in girdle view (Fig. 4B, D-F), joined together by interlocking spines (Fig. 4F). Valves narrowly elliptic with rounded ends, isopolar, with abrupt transition from valve face to mantle (Fig. 1A ’-G’). Axial area narrowly lanceolate (Figs 1A ’-G’, 4A, B, D), externally only slightly below the virga (Fig. 3A, D, E). Internally, axial area and virgae raised, leaving the striae in large elliptic or 8-shaped, transapically elongated depressions (Fig. 4C). Vimines shorter than virgae and wide, restricted to the valve face/mantle junction; additional ones rarely present on valve mantle (Fig. 4B). Striae typically composed by two narrow, elliptic to trapezoid areolae, one on valve face and a slightly larger one on the valve mantle (Fig. 4A, B, D, E). Volae arising from the areolar inner periphery and projecting inwards forming a tightly packed mesh-like structure (Fig. 4B, C). Flaps frequently present in various stages of development, typically one disk-like or bilobate on valve face and two or more of different shape on valve mantle areola (Fig. 4A, B, D-F). Spines originating from vimines at the valve face/mantle junction, solid, with elliptic to rectangular base, as wide as the vimines; conical body with a roughly triangular profile and serrate, pointy tips. Spines have a general arrowhead-like appearance when seen form their posterior ends. (Fig. 4A-F). Stipules well-developed giving spines a sagittate shape and having themselves varying shapes in girdle view (Fig. 4D-F). Apical pore fields very reduced with no more than 3 round poroids, usually externally obliterated by an apical blister (Fig. 4C, D, E). Well-developed blister-like depositions present on abvalvar edge of mantle (Fig. 4B-F). Girdle elements variable in number, open, lacking pores, ligulated, with larger valvocopula (Fig. 4B, D-F).</p> <p>Dimensions (n&gt; 50): Length 2.9-12.3 μm; width 2.1-2.3 μm; striae 15 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The species epithet makes reference to the difficulty in the LM distinction of this diatom from co-occurring species with similar outline.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Found in the Desaguadero River.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
EACB6B1E3CE35DC2AFDB3299DE1D43C0.text	EACB6B1E3CE35DC2AFDB3299DE1D43C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis E. Morales & Ector in Morales et al. 2012 b, Fottea 12, p. 45, figs 12 – 26, 45 – 56.	<div><p>Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis E. Morales &amp; Ector in Morales et al. 2012b, Fottea 12, p. 45, figs 12-26, 45-56.</p> <p>Figs 1M-S (LM); 2E, F (SEM)</p> <p>Comment.</p> <p>This taxon was first described from the Desaguadero River; here we also report its finding in the Sajama River. The population found in the latter falls well within the features described by Morales et al. (2012b) based on the Desaguadero River sample.</p> <p>At the LM level, the narrowly elliptical valves with pointy ends and coarser striation can be used to recognize the taxon in a first instance. At the SEM level, the transapically elongated and wide areolae (Fig. 2F) are present in the majority of specimens from both sites reported here and the valve face typically and gradually transitions into the mantle, making the striae on the mantle partially visible in top outer views (Fig. 2E, and also see LM images in Figs 1M-S). The areolae vary in shape from round to trapezoid on the valve face and there is usually one very large trapezoid areola on the mantle. The volae are conspicuous and form an entangled structure. The spines have a flattened body, but they look sagittate in lateral view due to the presence of well-developed stipules. These spines sometimes have a V-shaped cleft on its back, and the tips terminate in a single or two ends (diapason-shaped) that have serrate borders pointing downward. The stipules are well-developed giving the spines a profile resembling an arrow (sagittate).</p> <p>As was the case with the Desaguadero population, the Sajama River specimens lack or have weakly developed apical pore fields. Regarding the girdle elements, the valvocopula is conspicuously wider than the rest of the elements and all are open (Fig. 2F).</p> <p>No changes in valve diagnostic measurements were yielded by our observations of Sajama River material.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EACB6B1E3CE35DC2AFDB3299DE1D43C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
9FAC2BE69DE85294881417E3B6C72CDE.text	9FAC2BE69DE85294881417E3B6C72CDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostaurosira pulchra E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector 2021	<div><p>Pseudostaurosira pulchra E. Morales, C.E. Wetzel &amp; Ector sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1T-Z (LM), 3A-F (SEM)</p> <p>Holotype.</p> <p>Slide ANSP GC 26815, Fig. 1U. Diatom Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). Isotype. Slide DBOL-0246a, Diatomotheca Boliviensis (before HCUCB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Bolivia. Sajama Province, Department of Oruro, Desaguadero River, epipsammon, 17°23'51"S; 68°14'33"W, 3701 m elev., leg. G. Chávez, 05.07.2009.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Frustules rectangular in girdle view (Fig. 3D), joined together by interlocking spines (Figs 3C, F). Valves narrowly lanceolate, isopolar, with abrupt transition from valve face to mantle. Rostrate valve ends in larger specimens, broadly rounded in smaller ones (Figs 1T-Z). Axial area narrowly lanceolate (Figs 1T-Z, 3A, B) and externally and internally depressed with respect to virgae (Fig. 3A, B). Internally, striae open in small trapezoid, transapically elongated depressions (Fig. 3C). Vimines short and wide, restricted to the valve face/mantle junction; additional ones rarely present on either valve face or valve mantle (Fig. 3C). Striae typically composed by two narrow, round to elliptic areolae, one on valve face and a larger one on the valve mantle (Figs 3E, F). Well-developed volae, arising from the areolar inner periphery and projecting inwards forming a loose mesh-like structure (Figs 3C, E). Flaps usually present in various stages of development, typically single and disk-like on valve face and two or more on mantle areolae (Fig. 3A). Spines originating from vimines at the valve face/mantle junction; solid, with round to elliptical base, wider that the vimines they sit on; flattened, with biconcave sides and spatulate body, truncated (cut) at the top or with a short bifurcation (Fig. 3A, B, D, E, F). Stipules absent. Apical pore fields absent (Fig. 3C, E). Well-developed blister-like depositions present on abvalvar edge of mantle also covering both apices (Fig. 3D-F). Girdle elements variable in number, open, lacking pores, ligulated, with larger valvocopula (Fig. 3D, F).</p> <p>Dimensions (n&gt; 50): Length 5-22 μm; width 2.4-3.0 μm; striae 13-16 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The epithet makes reference to the neat and eye-catching morphology of the frustules.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Found in the Desaguadero and Sajama rivers.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FAC2BE69DE85294881417E3B6C72CDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
21B12650844D543E904DDB958A59E4BE.text	21B12650844D543E904DDB958A59E4BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nanofrustulum rarissimum E. Morales, Novais, C. E. Wetzel & Ector in Morales et al. 2019 b, Plant Ecology and Evolution 152, p. 269, figs 1 A – K, 2 A – D.	<div><p>Nanofrustulum rarissimum E. Morales, Novais, C.E. Wetzel &amp; Ector in Morales et al. 2019b, Plant Ecology and Evolution 152, p. 269, figs 1A-K, 2A-D.</p> <p>Figs 1F-L (LM); 2C, D (SEM)</p> <p>Comment.</p> <p>This taxon was first described by Morales et al. (2019b) from the Desaguadero River. Here we present illustrations of specimens from the Sajama River for the first time (Fig. 1F-L). Thus far, this diatom has only been seen in samples from these two sites.</p> <p>The specimens found in the Sajama sample fit the dimensions of the type population, except for the length, with Sajama River specimens being shorter (5.1-9.7 µm). At the SEM levels, no differences were noted between specimens from both sites.</p> <p>Our reanalysis of Desaguadero River material yielded small valves that are spineless (Fig. 2C), but that had all the other features similar to those of larger, spiny specimens. Also, we were able to capture the apical and foot pole pore fields from an internal view (Fig. 2D), confirming that both are developed, but that the one at the foot pole is larger. Additionally, we were able to confirm the raised nature of the axial area and virga in internal view (Fig. 2D), which leaves all the areolae within a stria open into a single internal depression.</p> <p>The smaller specimens found in the Sajama River sample expand the length range of this taxon which now has the following diagnostic measurements length: 5.5-9.5; width 2.5-3.3; stria density 12-13 in 10 µm.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21B12650844D543E904DDB958A59E4BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
0A997D42E50A5F0B96147EEB3F863E08.text	0A997D42E50A5F0B96147EEB3F863E08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostaurosira frankenae E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector 2021	<div><p>Pseudostaurosira frankenae E. Morales, C.E. Wetzel &amp; Ector sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 6E-I (LM), 8A-F (SEM)</p> <p>Holotype.</p> <p>Slide ANSP GC 26815, Fig. 6E, Diatom Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). Isotype. Slide DBOL-0246a, Diatomotheca Boliviensis (before HCUCB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Bolivia. Sajama Province, Department of Oruro, Desaguadero River, epipsammon, 17°23'51"S; 68°14'33"W, 3701 m elev., leg. G. Chávez, 05.07.2009.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Frustules rectangular with a curved middle portion in girdle view, joined together by interlocking spines. Valves cruciform, isopolar, with abrupt transition from valve face to mantle. Broadly rounded valve ends (Fig. 6E-I). Axial area lanceolate with a broad central inflation (Fig. 6E-I), externally and internally depressed with respect to virgae (Fig. 8A-C). Vimines short and wide (Fig. 8A, B, E, F). Striae typically composed round to elliptic areolae, decreasing in size towards the axial area (Fig. 8A, B); a single elliptical areola present on valve mantle (Fig. 8A-C, E, F). Well-developed volae, arising from the areolar inner periphery and projecting inwards (not shown here). Internally, depositions on volae forming round to elliptic structures, sealing areolae (Fig. 8C, D). Flaps persistent, a single disk-like one covering each areola in external view (Fig. 8A, B, E, F), 1-3 in enlarged mantle areolae (Fig. 8C). Spines originating from vimines at the valve face/mantle junction; solid, with round to elliptical base (Fig. 8E), wider that the vimines they sit on (Fig. 8F); flattened, with shallow biconcave sides, triangular in side view (Fig. 8A, B, E, F), and with spatulate body, bifurcate at the top (Fig. 8C). Stipules absent. Apical pore fields of cavernous appearance in external view, occluded by heavy silica deposition to the point only one row of pores can be seen (Fig. 8A, B, E, F). Internally, apical pore field opening into roundish depression, revealing several rows of round poroids (Fig. 8C, D). Well-developed blister-like depositions present on abvalvar edge of mantle also covering both apices (Fig. 8A-C, D-F). Girdle elements variable in number, open, lacking pores, ligulated, with larger valvocopula (Fig. 8A, B, F).</p> <p>Dimensions (n&gt; 30): Length 8.7-12.0 μm; width 6.7-7.7 μm; striae 14 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The species is dedicated to the late Dr. Margot Franken, Professor and Researcher from the Ecology Institute, University Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia. Dr. Franken, originally from Germany, worked in Bolivia from 1985 to 2021, focusing on bioindication, urban ecology, water management and ecological architecture.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Found only in the Desaguadero River.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A997D42E50A5F0B96147EEB3F863E08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
C499B059A1A25442872FAA446F6CBEEA.text	C499B059A1A25442872FAA446F6CBEEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostaurosira occulta E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector 2021	<div><p>Pseudostaurosira occulta E. Morales, C.E. Wetzel &amp; Ector sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 6J-O (LM), 9A-F (SEM)</p> <p>Holotype.</p> <p>Slide BR-4679, Fig. 6K, Meise Botanic Garden, Belgium. Isotype. Slide DBOL-0249a, Diatomotheca Boliviensis (before HCUCB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Bolivia. Sajama Province, Department of Oruro, Sajama River, epipsammon, 17°30'33"S; 68°20'35"W, 4000 m elev., leg. G. Chávez, 05.07.2009.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Frustules rectangular in girdle view, joined together by interlocking spines. Valves lanceolate, isopolar with semi-gradual transition from valve face to mantle. Valve apices subrostrate with broadly rounded, somewhat squarish ends (Figs 6J-O, 9A-D). Axial area lanceolate (Fig. 6J-O), externally and internally faintly depressed with respect to virgae (Fig. 9A-D). Vimines short and wide (Fig. 9A, B). Striae composed of round to elliptic areolae, decreasing in size towards the axial area (Fig. 9A, B); wide elliptical areolae present toward valve face/mantle transition before and after the spine, sometimes accompanied by a narrower additional areola on valve mantle (Fig. 9E, F). Striae contained in a single depression in internal view (Fig. 9C, D). Well-developed volae, arising from the areolar inner periphery and projecting inwards (Fig. 9B-D). Flaps small and present on some valve face areolae (Fig. 9A, B), more commonly on larger mantle areolae (Fig. 9D-F). Spines originating from vimines at the valve face/mantle junction; solid, with round to elliptical base (Fig. 9A, B), as wide as the vimines they sit on (Fig. 9A, B, E); with cylindrical body and shallow concave sides (Fig. 9E, F), and spatulate tip with lateral projections and a serrate border pattern (Fig. 9D-F). Stipules incipient and subtending a small circular depression on the spine upper body (Fig. 9D, F). Apical pore fields covered by external flaps (Fig. 9A, E, F). Internally, apical pore field opening into roundish depression, revealing several rows of round poroids (Fig. 9D). Well-developed blister-like depositions present on abvalvar edge of mantle also covering both apices (Fig. 9D-F). Girdle elements variable in number, open, lacking pores, ligulated, with larger valvocopula (Fig. 9E, F).</p> <p>Dimensions (n&gt; 30): Length 6.7-35.6 μm; width 3.3-3.8 μm; striae 14-16 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The species epithet alludes to the fact that this diatom has remained unidentified thus far and has been confused with morphologically similar taxa (see Discussion).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Found in the Sajama River.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C499B059A1A25442872FAA446F6CBEEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
DE5D8FDEE1005905B1C31C0AB9906AD5.text	DE5D8FDEE1005905B1C31C0AB9906AD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostaurosira oblonga E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector 2021	<div><p>Pseudostaurosira oblonga E. Morales, C.E. Wetzel &amp; Ector sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 6P-V (LM), 10A-F (SEM)</p> <p>Holotype.</p> <p>Slide BR-4680, Fig. 6R, Meise Botanic Garden, Belgium. Isotype. Slide DBOL-0249a, Diatomotheca Boliviensis (before HCUCB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Bolivia. Sajama Province, Department of Oruro, Sajama River, epipsammon, 17°30'33"S; 68°20'35"W, 4000 m elev., leg. G. Chávez, 05.07.2009.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Frustules rectangular in girdle view, joined together by interlocking spines. Valves oblong, isopolar, with abrupt transition from valve face to mantle and broadly rounded apices (Figs 6P-V, 10A-F). Axial area lanceolate (Figs 6P-V), externally and internally depressed with respect to virgae (Figs 10A-F). Vimines short and wide (Fig. 10A-F). Striae composed of round to elliptic areolae, decreasing in size towards the axial area (Fig. 10A, B); wide trapezoid areolae present near the valve face/mantle transition at the base of the spine, sometimes accompanied by an additional narrower, round areola on valve mantle (Fig. 10A-F). Striae contained in a single depression in internal view (Fig. 10C, E). Developed volae, arising from the areolar inner periphery and projecting inwards (Fig. 10A, C, E). Flaps little-developed on valve face, developed on valve mantle, more commonly on larger mantle areolae (Fig. 10A, F). Spines originating from vimines at the valve face/mantle junction; solid, with elliptic base (Fig. 10F), as wide as the vimines they sit on (Fig. 10A, B, F); with a somewhat cylindrical body, concave sides, in the shape of a trapezium in side view (Fig. 10D, F), and widely spatulate tip with wide lateral projections (Fig. 10F). Stipules incipient or absent (Fig. 10A, D, F). Apical pore fields reduced, covered by small external flaps (Fig. 10A, B, F). Internally, apical pore field opening by means of a few very narrow, round poroids (Figs 10C). Small blister-like depositions present on abvalvar edge of mantle, absent from apices (Fig. 10A, D, F). Girdle elements variable in number, open, lacking pores, ligulated, with larger valvocopula (Fig. 10D, F).</p> <p>Dimensions (n&gt; 30): Length 6.9-13.5 μm; width 3.8-4.8 μm; striae 13-14 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The species epithet refers to the widely ellipsoidal valve outline typical of this taxon.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Found in the Sajama River.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE5D8FDEE1005905B1C31C0AB9906AD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
0BA898597D0C533586DE5365D3F97D5C.text	0BA898597D0C533586DE5365D3F97D5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostaurosira heteropolaris E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector 2021	<div><p>Pseudostaurosira heteropolaris E. Morales, C.E. Wetzel &amp; Ector sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1H ’-M’ (LM), 5A-F (SEM)</p> <p>Holotype.</p> <p>Slide ANSP GC 26815, Fig. 1I ', Diatom Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). Isotype. Slide DBOL-0246a, Diatomotheca Boliviensis (before HCUCB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Bolivia. Sajama Province, Department of Oruro, Desaguadero River, epipsammon, 17°23'51"S; 68°14'33"W, 3701 m elev., leg. G. Chávez, 05.07.2009.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Frustules rectangular in girdle view (Fig. 5C, D), joined together by interlocking spines (Fig. 5C). Valves ovoid to elliptic, heteropolar, with gradual transition from valve face to mantle (Figs 1H ’-M’, 5A-F). Axial area elliptic (Figs 1H ’-M’, 5A, B, F), externally slightly depressed with respect to virgae, internally at the same level as virgae (Fig. 5A, D, E). Virgae much wider than striae (Fig. 5A, D-F). Vimines shorter than virgae and wide (Fig. 5A, B, D-F). Striae composed of narrow, apically elongated, rectangular to semi-elliptic areolae (Fig. 5A-F). Areolae diminish in size from valve face/mantle junction towards striae extremes at about the same rate (Fig. 5F). Volae arising from up to two points (typically one) within the areolar inner periphery, projecting inwards (Fig. 5A, B, D-F). Base of volae thick and giving areolae a C-shape (Fig. 5A, B). Flaps absent. Spines originating from vimines at the valve face/mantle junction, solid, with elliptic to rectangular base, wider than the vimines they sit on; cylindrical body with biconcave sides, spatulate tips with pinnatifid (with deep lateral) bifurcations (Fig. 5C, D). Stipules absent (Fig. 5D). Apical pore fields very reduced with no more than 3 cavernous poroids in external view; not seen in internal view (Fig. 5F). Small blister-like depositions present on abvalvar edge of mantle, including at the valve apices (Fig. 5C-F). Girdle elements variable in number, open, lacking pores, ligulated, with larger valvocopula (Fig. 5C, E, F).</p> <p>Dimensions (n&gt; 50): Length 3.0-4.3 μm; width 2.6-3.3 μm; striae 13-16 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The epithet of this species refers to its typical heteropolar valve outline.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Found in the Desaguadero River.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BA898597D0C533586DE5365D3F97D5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
FAFB9B1FC73C566E8E01451E48DD2231.text	FAFB9B1FC73C566E8E01451E48DD2231.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostaurosira vulpina (Lange-Bertalot & U. Rumrich) E. Morales 2021	<div><p>Pseudostaurosira vulpina (Lange-Bertalot &amp; U. Rumrich) E. Morales stat. nov.</p> <p>Figs 6A-D (LM), 7A-F (SEM)</p> <p>Basionym.</p> <p>Staurosira laucensis var. vulpina Lange-Bertalot &amp; U. Rumrich in Rumrich et al. 2000, Diatoms of the Andes from Venezuela to Patagonia/Tierra Del Fuego, Iconographia Diatomologica 9, p. 223-224, Plate 10, Figs 1-11.</p> <p>Comment.</p> <p>This taxon was first described from the Chilean Altiplano and was found mixed with the nominate variety Pseudostaurosira laucensis (Lange-Bertalot &amp; Rumrich) E. Morales &amp; Vis (in Rumrich et al. 2000, p. 222, figs 10-20, 22, 23; Morales and Vis 2007, p. 25). This was the probable reason why Lange-Bertalot and Rumrich (in Rumrich et al. 2000) decided to describe it as a variety. However, we found the Pseudostaurosira laucensis var. vulpina isolated from the nominate variety in the Desaguadero River sample. This population, like the one reported from Chile, exhibits a range of sizes which is probably showing that it is undergoing asexual reproduction and its size is most probably being re-established through sexual reproduction.</p> <p>At the LM level, this taxon is distinguished by its typical triradiate shape (Fig. 6A-D). Between each of the arms there is also a central inflation that becomes more pronounced as the valve decreases in size (Fig. 6C, D). At the SEM level, the axial area is depressed in external view with respect to the virgae, while internally it is at the same level as the latter. Each of the arms has an apical pore field that lies within a shallow, irregular depression (Fig. 7A-C) and opens to the valve interior as a plain plate of pores (Fig. 7F). The transapically elongate areolae bear well-developed volae (Fig. 7A-E), which allow inorganic deposition of an inverted cone-like structure internally covering the areolae, sometimes filled with extra depositions in their hollow interior (Fig. 7F). The spines are conical, but also it is common to find them as incipient, shapeless spines that are generated from the virgae and the vimines (Fig. 7E). The girdle elements vary in number, lack perforations and all are open (Fig. 7E). The valvocopula is wider. At the open side, each element has its terminations superimposing each other (Fig. 7E).</p> <p>Dimensions (n&gt; 10): Length (from the extreme of one arm to the other) 4.8-13.0 μm; width (from one swollen central area to its opposite side) 4.1-5.6 μm; stria density (measured from arm to arm) 14-16 in 10 μm. The dimensions are given here for the first time since the original description in Rumrich et al. (2000) did not include them. Table 3 contains additional characteristics that are used below for comparative purposes in Discussion.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FAFB9B1FC73C566E8E01451E48DD2231	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
5251216BAC505692B5DD59CE1B59CE26.text	5251216BAC505692B5DD59CE1B59CE26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nanofrustulum cataractarum (Hustedt) (Hustedt) C. E. Wetzel, E. Morales & Ector in Morales et al. 2019 b, Plant Ecology and Evolution 152, p. 275.	<div><p>Nanofrustulum cataractarum (Hustedt) C.E. Wetzel, E. Morales &amp; Ector in Morales et al. 2019b, Plant Ecology and Evolution 152, p. 275.</p> <p>Figs 1A-E (LM), 2A, B (SEM)</p> <p>Basionym.</p> <p>Melosira cataractarum Hustedt 1938, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement 15, p. 142, pl. 9, figs 6-7.</p> <p>Most current illustrations of type material: Wetzel et al. 2013a, figs 1A-AB, 2A-G; Beauger et al. 2019, figs 93, 94.</p> <p>Synonym.</p> <p>Pseudostaurosira cataractarum (Hustedt) C.E. Wetzel, E. Morales &amp; Ector in Wetzel et al. 2013a Acta Nova 6(1-2), p. 60.</p> <p>Comment.</p> <p>The taxon was first described for insular Asia, specifically from Java, Indonesia, by Hustedt (1938). Type material was reanalyzed by Wetzel et al. (2013a) and Beauger et al. (2019) and regional and worldwide distributions were presented in Wetzel et al. (2013a) and Grana et al. (2015).</p> <p>As presented in Table 2 in Grana et al. (2015), N. cataractarum from Bolivia (Figs 1A-E, 2A, B) are smaller (length and width: 4.5-5 µm) than specimens in Asian type material (length 5.8-8.2, width 5.4-7.2), and the stria density of the Bolivian population is higher than that from Asia (18-20 and 15-28 in 10 µm, respectively). Regarding the areola density there is a complete overlap between both populations (2.5-3.5 in Bolivian specimens and 1-4 per 1 µm in Asian ones). Other features, such as the pattern of areolation in both valve face and mantle, the ample, round to oval axial area, the round to slightly elongated base and flattened body of the spines with small lateral projections, are similar in both populations. Also, the depression into which the areolae from valve face and mantle open internally is similar in Bolivian and Asian specimens (Fig. 2B). The features of the girdle elements with short but wide body and prominent ligula is also comparable in both populations. The Bolivian specimens tended to have more prominent blister depositions at the abvalvar edge of the mantle (Fig. 2B). All populations reported from around the world lack apical pore fields, and areolae flaps or spine stipules have not been reported either.</p> <p>Taking into account all the above-mentioned reports, the dimensions for this taxon are length: 2.8-8.2 µm; width: 2.7-7.2; stria density: 15-29 in 10 µm; areola density: 1-4 in 10 µm.</p> <p>In Bolivia, the taxon has been found in the Desaguadero and Sajama rivers. Fig. 2A is the first illustration of the taxon for the Desaguadero River.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5251216BAC505692B5DD59CE1B59CE26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Morales, Eduardo A.;Wetzel, Carlos E.;Ector, Luc	Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Ector, Luc (2021): New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy. PhytoKeys 187: 23-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
