identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6E5DC971465559E988168397A9FAA569.text	6E5DC971465559E988168397A9FAA569.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus aggericola Jord. in Billot, Annot.: 48. 1856. [December 1856	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus aggericola Jord. in Billot, Annot.: 48. 1856. [December 1856]</p>
            <p> Dianthus virgineus =  D. virgineus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 412. 1753. Ind. Loc.: "du Reculet (Ain)". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):   Dianthus aggericola Jord., du Reculet, 8 July 1854 [A. Jordan], LY0079734  ! </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> No other original material was found in the surveyed herbaria. According to the label, this plant was originally collected in Reculet and then grown in  Jordan’s garden, where it was collected in July. As a matter of fact, besides his huge herbarium and library, Alexis Jordan owned a one-hectare experimental garden. We know that he used it to sow most species every year, while maintaining alive perennial ones, and that he regularly made herbarium sheets from these cultivated plants. In this context, the notion of original material requires particular attention (Thiebaut and Tison 2016). </p>
            <p> The lectotype designated here matches the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name, which is considered a heterotypic synonym of  D. godronianus Jord. in  Kerguélen (1993), in turn, currently considered a heterotypic synonym of  D. virgineus (Domina et al. 2021). The lectotype of  D. aggericola and that of  D. virgineus , have the same leaf length and width, uniflowered scapes, the same length and shape of outer and inner bracts, the same calyx length and shape. We, therefore, confirm this synonymy. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E5DC971465559E988168397A9FAA569	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
1499B88A57175935A7711F57EA1A53B7.text	1499B88A57175935A7711F57EA1A53B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. f. fm. minor Moris, Fl. Sardoa 1: 231. 1837. [April 1837	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus f. minor Moris, Fl. Sardoa 1: 231. 1837. [April 1837]</p>
            <p> Dianthus morisianus =  D. morisianus Vals., Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 24: 333. 1985. Ind. Loc.: "In arenosis maritimis [Sardinia]". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):  Dianthus caryophyllus var tenuifolia , in arenosis maritimis, S. Nicolai flumini major Majo junio / Mus. Bot. Horti Taurinensis, Herb. Moris Barbey Cat Sard. N.156, TO! </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>A single sheet was found in TO. Albeit it may represent the holotype, it is cautiously designated here as a lectotype.</p>
            <p> The selected specimen, uniflorous, has fixed seven portions of plants whose leaves and flower scapes are smaller than those of the typical form. All other characters of the flowers correctly match the protologue. This taxon is a heterotypic synonym of  D. morisianus , a species described by Valsecchi (1985) for the same area and habitat (Peruzzi et al. 2015), that shows the same leaf length and width and, albeit with multiflowered scapes, the same length and shape of outer and inner bracts, and the same calyx length and shape. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1499B88A57175935A7711F57EA1A53B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
7BE636BEF1EC544DAE62827F7771D9A9.text	7BE636BEF1EC544DAE62827F7771D9A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus caryophyllus subsp. var. var. tenuifolius Moris, Fl. Sardoa 1: 231. 1837. [April 1837] 1837	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus var. tenuifolius Moris, Fl. Sardoa 1: 231. 1837. [April 1837]</p>
            <p> Dianthus siculus tenuifolius ≡  D. siculus subsp. tenuifolius (Moris) Arrigoni, Parlatorea 7: 20. 2005. </p>
            <p> Dianthus genargenteus =  D. genargenteus Bacch., Brullo, Casti &amp; Giusso, Nordic J. Bot. 28(2): 145. 2010. Ind. Loc.: "In sterilibus frequens [Sardinia]". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):  Dianthus caryophyllus tenuifolia , prope  Belvì , July, inter rupe / Mus. Bot. Horti Taurinensis, Herb. Moris Barbey Cat Sard. N.156, TO! </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> Three herbarium sheets are kept in TO, with several individuals each. All three specimens bear labels handwritten by Moris but lack the year of collection. Two of them come from generic localities ("in arenis maritimis" and "in collibus"), while one is from  Belvì in the centre of Sardinia (Nuoro). All the specimens are complete and in good condition but refer to different collections: two specimens have been collected in inner localities, whereas another one comes from the coast. Moris reports that the scape bears a single flower and that another taxon (  D. caryophyllus var. tenuifolius f. minor ) grows in arenosis maritimis [sandy coast]. Thus, here we propose the specimen from  Belvì as lectotype, despite not being dated, assuming that the herbarium in TO hosts the original material by Moris as already done by Arrigoni (1979), Rizzotto (1989), Escobar  García et al. (2010) in other similar cases, </p>
            <p> Based on the specimen in TO coming from the coast (referring actually to  Dianthus caryophyllus f. minor ), Valsecchi (1985), and then Bacchetta et al. (2010), refer  D. caryophyllus var. tenuifolius to  D. morisianus Vals. Based on the diagnosis and the lectotype designated here,  D. caryophyllus var. tenuifolius does not belong to  D. morisianus . The former taxon shows short scapes bearing one or few flowers and epicalyx scales with mucro 0.5-1.5 mm long, while the latter shows longer multiflowered scapes with epicalyx scales with mucro 2.0-3.5 mm long. This interpretation agrees with Arrigoni (2010). According to the lectotype of  D. caryophyllus var. tenuifolius , which shows woody stocks contracted with branches, epicalyx scales with an evident mucro, and small calyx, this taxon is a heterotypic synonym of  D. genargenteus Bacch., Brullo, Casti &amp; Giusso. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BE636BEF1EC544DAE62827F7771D9A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
6D682F70C6DB50D5B87C9F203D4F9AB2.text	6D682F70C6DB50D5B87C9F203D4F9AB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus collivagus Jord. in Billot, Annot.: 46. 1856. [December 1856	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus collivagus Jord. in Billot, Annot.: 46. 1856. [December 1856]</p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus collivagus ≡  D. caryophyllus var. collivagus (Jord.) Cariot &amp; St-Lager  Étude Fl.,  éd . 8, 2: 104. 1889. </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris =  D. sylvestris Wulfen in Jacq., Coll. 1: 237. 1786. [January-September 1786]. Ind. Loc.: "abonde sur les  côteaux du  Rhône près de Lyon". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):   Dianthus scheuchzeri Rchb.,  Dianthus sylvestris auct. Gall. ex parte non  Wulf ,  Lyon a  Néron , Jordan, odor levis, folia ramis trigemina semper angustissima;  Dianthus scheuchzeri Jord. non Rchb.,  Dianthus collivagus Jord., Lyon  à Neron, ex herbis Jordan, July 1854, CLF056818  ! </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>Other six specimens collected by Jordan are preserved at LY, but they are not original material, since they are lacking a date or reporting dates later than the protologue.</p>
            <p> The lectotype designated here matches the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name, which is considered as a heterotypic synonym of  D. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris in  Kerguélen (1993). The lectotype of  D. collivagus , concerning the shape of calyx teeth, is very similar to the lectotype of  D. inodorus (L.) Gaertn., which in turn is currently included within the variability of  D. sylvestris (Domina et al. 2021). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D682F70C6DB50D5B87C9F203D4F9AB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
12424DF966CF5F95AB075AB019AE8CDA.text	12424DF966CF5F95AB075AB019AE8CDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus consimilis Jord. in Billot, Annot. 47. 1856. [December 1856	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus consimilis Jord. in Billot, Annot. 47. 1856. [December 1856]</p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus consimilis ≡  D. caryophyllus var. consimilis (Jord.) Rouy &amp; Foucaud in Rouy, Fl. Fr. 3: 195. 1896. </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris =  D. sylvestris Wulfen in Jacq., Coll. 1: 237. 1786. [January-September 1786]. Ind. Loc.: "Alpes de  l’Oisans” . </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):  Dianthus consimilis Jord., June-July 1855, [A. Jordan] Roux, Herbier Jordan, LY0079676! </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>At LY we found another specimen citing "Lautaret (H. Alpes, May, June-July 1855, ex Horto Alexis Jordan, LY0079674!" but lacking basal leaves.</p>
            <p> The lectotype designated here matches the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name, which is considered as a heterotypic synonym of  D. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris in  Kerguélen (1993). The lectotype of  D. consimilis , concerning the shape of calyx teeth, is very similar to the lectotype of  D. inodorus (L.) Gaertn., which, in turn, is currently included within the variability of  D. sylvestris (Domina et al. 2021). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/12424DF966CF5F95AB075AB019AE8CDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
6EF94FA0F71A54448177D57B78D1720E.text	6EF94FA0F71A54448177D57B78D1720E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus contractus subsp. var. var. evolutus Lojac., Fl. Sicul. 1 (1): 165. 1888. [September 1888] 1888	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus contractus var. evolutus Lojac., Fl. Sicul. 1(1): 165. 1888. [September 1888]</p>
            <p> Dianthus arrostoi =  D. arrostoi C.Presl, Delic. Prag. 60. 1822. Ind. Loc.: "Sulle  più alte vette delle Nebrodi sui terreni ghiaiosi o sulle rupi calcaree di Serre di Quacedda. Juntera  Minà Pal!". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (neotype here designated):  Dianthus contractus Jan.,  Dianthus constrictus Janka, In asperis calcareis elatioribus montis Nebrodes, Julio, M. Lojacono Pojero, P 05052873 (photo!). </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>Neither the original material nor traces of this taxon were found in the herbaria consulted and among the documents accompanying the centuries distributed by Lojacono (Aghababyan et al. 2012; Domina et al. 2014). We chose to designate as a neotype the single specimen found, which is at least collected by Lojacono.</p>
            <p> The neotype designated here matches the protologue and allows to consider this name as an heterotypic synonym of  D. arrostoi C.Presl. Compared to the lectotype of  D. contractus designated by Bacchetta et al. (2010: 151: s.l., s.d., Jan, NAP-GUSS!), and to the lectotype of  D. arrostoi designated by Camarda and Corrias (1987: 417), this variety differs only by the more elongated scapes. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EF94FA0F71A54448177D57B78D1720E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
C39F6939EE2B573B9B278F77ACEABF96.text	C39F6939EE2B573B9B278F77ACEABF96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus godronianus Jordan in Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., ser. 2, 1: 241. 1851. [January 1985	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Dianthus godronianus Jordan in 
Mem
. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., ser. 2, 1: 241. 1851. [January 19851]
</p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus godronianus ≡  D. caryophyllus subsp. godronianus (Jord.) P.Martin, Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Bassin  Médit . 19: 93. 1984. </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris godronianus ≡  D. sylvestris var. godronianus (Jord.)  Kerguélen , Lejeunia, Nouv.  Sér ., 120: 81. 1987. </p>
            <p> Dianthus virgineus =  D. virgineus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 412. 1753. Ind. Loc.: Coteaux  stériles de la  région des oliviers. Provence,  Hyères , Marseille, Toulon, Apt, mont Ventoux, Vaucluse, Villeneuve;  Dauphinée , Rabou  près de Gap, Valence, Avignon, Languedoc, Viviers, pont du Gard,  Uzés , Montpellier, Mende, Perpignan Corse, Calvi, Bastia, Cervione, Evisa, Otta, Campitello. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated): Soleirol, Herb. Cors., 959  Dianthus virgineus L. (Gren. et Godr.),  Dianthus sylvestris Duby, Bastia - mai 1823, P05000349 (photo!). </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> - Jordan (1851, 1856) believed that the plants referred by Godron (1847, 1848) to  D. virgineus L. actually represent a different species, which he renamed  D. godronianus . According to Godron (1848), this species grows in the surroundings of Montpellier, South France, and Corsica. A duplicate of the collection no. 959 by Soleirol, explicitly cited as seen by Godron (1848), was chosen as lectotype. </p>
            <p> This specimen corresponds with the protologue and with the current application of the name. In  Kerguélen (1993), this taxon is considered accepted at varietal rank (  D. sylvestris subsp. longicaulis var. godronianus ). In Jauzein (2014), this taxon is instead included in  D. caryophyllus subsp. longicaulis (Ten.) Arcang., but the author argues that it could constitute a distinct subspecies (  D. caryophyllus subsp. godronianus (Jord.) P.Martin).  Dianthus godronianus is instead considered a distinct species by Tison and de Foucault (2014), although these authors note that some coastal populations in Provence differ for a few morphological features. According to the lectotype features and the recent lectotypification of the latter name (Domina et al. 2021), this species can be regarded as a heterotypic synonym of  D. virgineus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C39F6939EE2B573B9B278F77ACEABF96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
D8A052A91CFD58CCB2FF17C609CB2326.text	D8A052A91CFD58CCB2FF17C609CB2326.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus juratensis Jord. in Billot, Annot.: 47. 1856. [December 1856	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus juratensis Jord. in Billot, Annot.: 47. 1856. [December 1856]</p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus juratensis ≡  D. caryophyllus var. juratensis (Jord.) Gren., Fl.  Chaîne Jurass.: 105. 1865. </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris =  D. sylvestris Wulfen in Jacq., Coll. 1: 237. 1786. [January-September 1786]. Ind. Loc.: "du Mont Reculet (Ain)". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):   Dianthus juratensis Jord., mont Reculet (Ain), 24 August 1854, [A. Jordan], LY0083755  ! </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>Another herbarium sheet (LY08259243) is preserved at LY; it contains plants collected in 1855 in Villeurbanne, where they were cultivated after being originally collected in the wild at Reculet (Ain).</p>
            <p> The lectotype designated here matches the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name, which is considered as a heterotypic synonym of  D. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris in  Kerguélen (1993). The lectotype of  Dianthus juratensis , concerning the shape of calyx teeth, is very similar to the lectotype of  D. inodorus (L.) Gaertn., which in turn is currently included within the variability of  D. sylvestris (Domina et al. 2021). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D8A052A91CFD58CCB2FF17C609CB2326	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
BE33327887FC553BAF6CBA6C8E679189.text	BE33327887FC553BAF6CBA6C8E679189.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus orophilus Jord. in Billot, Annot.: 43. 1856 [December 1856	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus orophilus Jord. in Billot, Annot.: 43. 1856 [December 1856]</p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus orophilus ≡  D. caryophyllus var. orophilus (Jord.) Rouy &amp; Foucaud, Fl. Fr. 3: 195. 1896 [July-August 1896] </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris =  D. sylvestris Wulfen in Jacq., Coll. 1: 237. 1786. [January-September 1786]. Ind. Loc.: "schistes au Lautaret et dans le province de Maurienne (Savoie)". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):  Dianthus orophilus ,  Dianthus sylvestris an var. gracilior , du Lautaret May [18]53-June [18]55 [  … ], LY0825955! </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> Two syntypes from Col de Lautaret are housed at LY: LY0825955 and LY0087623, both in good condition. We have designated here the most complete one as lectotype. The selected type comes from  Jordan’s garden, where it was cultivated since its first collection in 1853. </p>
            <p> This specimen conforms to the description of the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name, which is considered as a heterotypic synonym of  D. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris in  Kerguélen (1993). The lectotype of  D. orophilus concerning the shape of calyx teeth, is very similar to the lectotype of  D. inodorus (L.) Gaertn., which in turn is currently included within the variability of  D. sylvestris (Domina et al. 2021). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE33327887FC553BAF6CBA6C8E679189	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
07A3FFBD8CF9587AA721A043FFE4FD45.text	07A3FFBD8CF9587AA721A043FFE4FD45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus saxicola Jord., Pugill. Pl. Nov.: 29. 1852 [October 1852	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus saxicola Jord., Pugill. Pl. Nov.: 29. 1852 [October 1852]</p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus saxicola ≡  D. caryophyllus var. saxicola (Jord.) Cariot &amp; St-Lager,  Étude Fl.,  éd . 8, 2: 103. 1889. </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris =  D. sylvestris Wulfen in Jacq., Coll. 1: 237. 1786. [January-September 1786]. Ind. Loc.: "in lapidosis et rupestribus calcareis Beugesi et Delphinatus prope Lyon ubi eum legi". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):   Dianthus saxicola Jord.,  Serrières (Ain)  près de Lyon, 7 June 1852, A. Jordan, LY0682162  ! </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>Two specimens belonging to the original material are housed at LY: LY0682162 and LY0088790. Both are in good condition. We have designated here the most complete one as the lectotype.</p>
            <p> This specimen conforms to the description of the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name, which is considered a distinct species by Tison and de Foucault (2014). The lectotype of  D. saxicola has 10-15 cm long basal leaves and multiflorous scapes; concerning the shape of calyx teeth, it is very similar to the lectotype of  D. inodorus (L.) Gaertn., which in turn is currently included within the variability of  D. sylvestris (Domina et al. 2021). Further research is needed to clarify the relationships between these two taxa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07A3FFBD8CF9587AA721A043FFE4FD45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
57BCE7E36B2359E492922DA96F71CB15.text	57BCE7E36B2359E492922DA96F71CB15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus subacaulis Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3 (2): 597. 1789. [September-October 1789] 1789	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Dianthus subacaulis Vill., Hist. Pl. 
Dauphine
3(2): 597. 1789. [September-October 1789]
</p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris subacaulis ≡  D. sylvestris var. subacaulis (Vill.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 97. 1835. </p>
            <p> Dianthus virgineus subacaulis ≡  D. virgineus var. subacaulis (Vill.) Ser., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 361. 1824. </p>
            <p> Dianthus pungens subacaulis ≡  D. pungens subsp. subacaulis (Vill.) Bernal,  Laínz ,  Muñoz Garmendia &amp; Pedrol, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(2): 571. 1987. </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris =  D. sylvestris Wulfen in Jacq., Coll. 1: 237. 1786. [January-September 1786]. Ind. Loc.: "aux environs du Buis, sur le Mont Ventoux". </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (neotype here designated): Herbier A. Dubuis,  Dianthus subacaulis Vill. subsp. subacaulis , Pentes rocailleuses  dénudées près du somment du Mont Ventoux (1912 m). (Vaucluse), 7 July 1955, MPU329773 (photo!). </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> No original material was found in GRM and in the other surveyed herbaria. Also A. P. V.  Mutel’s Herbarium was checked because he used to include Villars specimens in his own herbarium (M. Lefebvre, pers. comm.). </p>
            <p> The neotype designated here matches the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name, which is accepted by both  Kerguélen (1993) and Tison and de Foucault (2014). This species is characterized by having 1 cm long basal leaves, very short, 1-5 cm long single-flowered scapes and epicalyx scales lanceolate with a linear mucro. Concerning the shape of calyx teeth, it is very similar to the lectotype of  D. inodorus (L.) Gaertn., which in turn is currently included within the variability of  D. sylvestris (Domina et al. 2021). Further research is needed to clarify the relationships between these two taxa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/57BCE7E36B2359E492922DA96F71CB15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
51CA0E78BDFB58F094E942CFAE26AF79.text	51CA0E78BDFB58F094E942CFAE26AF79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus sylvestris subsp. var. var. garganicus Ten., Fl. Napol. Syll.: 208. 1831. [July-August 1831	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus sylvestris var. garganicus Ten., Fl. Napol. Syll.: 208. 1831. [July-August 1831]</p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus garganicus ≡  D. caryophyllus subsp. garganicus (Ten.) Grande, Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1912: 178. 1912. </p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus garganicus ≡  D. caryophyllus var. garganicus (Ten.) Fiori, Nuova Fl. Italia 1: 512. 1924. </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris garganicus ≡  D. sylvestris subsp. garganicus (Ten.) Pignatti, Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 211. 1973. </p>
            <p> Dianthus garganicus ≡  D. garganicus (Ten.) Brullo, Braun-Blanquetia 2: 31. 1988. </p>
            <p> Dianthus tarentinus =  D. tarentinus Lacaita, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s., 18(4): 511. 1911. Ind. Loc.:  “Gargano” . </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> (lectotype here designated):  Dianthus sylvaticus ,  D. sylvestris Ten. Fl. Neap. Prodr. (1811) p. xxv. - Eiusd. Fl. Nap. I (1811-1815) p. 231, Gargano, Tenore misit Nov 1827 / Herb. J. Gay., Presented by Dr. Hooker, February 1868, K000725365 (photo!). </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> In the same herbarium sheet three herbarium specimens, sent by Michele Tenore to Jaques  Étienne Gay, are mounted. K000725363 was collected by Tenore from Calmaldoli (Campania, Italy) in November 1825; K000725364 by Nicolas  Bové from La Calle (Algeria) in June 1839, and K000725365 by Tenore from Gargano (Apulia, Italy) in November 1827. In NAP there is a specimen from Gargano with the handwriting by Michele Tenore, lacking a date. </p>
            <p> The lectotype designated here matches the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name, which is considered as a heterotypic synonym of  D. tarentinus Lacaita (Bacchetta et al. 2010; Brullo and Guarino 2017; Bartolucci et al. 2018). This synonymy is here confirmed based on the shape and size of the leaves, of the scales of the epicalyx and of the calyx which are observable on the types of the two taxa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/51CA0E78BDFB58F094E942CFAE26AF79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
CAE1C14979A35BA7AE6BF258BCD3A9D1.text	CAE1C14979A35BA7AE6BF258BCD3A9D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen in Jacq., Coll. 1: 237. 1786. [January-September 1786	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen in Jacq., Coll. 1: 237. 1786. [January-September 1786]</p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus sylvestris ≡  D. caryophyllus subsp. sylvestris (Wulfen) Rouy &amp; Foucaud, Fl. France 3: 193. 1896. Ind. Loc.: - "in montibus illis prope Ponewitsch Baronis Wolkensberg in Carniolia, tum in M. Utocsek prope Pillichgraz; in iis. Vallis Rablensis; denique &amp; in iis Vallis Canalensis &amp;c.". </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>(lectotype here designated): The water-coloured iconography published by Jacquin (1781-1786, t. 82, the small individual on the right).</p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> The iconography designated by Bacchetta et al. (2010) as neotype is actually part of the original material as uncited illustration (Art. 9.12 of the ICN), since  Jacquin’s Icones and Collectanea work are interrelated. Therefore this neotypification must be corrected in lectotypification. This illustration depicts two individuals: one small with a 2 branched single-flowered stem and one large, unbranched but with multiflowered stems and basal leaves three times longer, exemplifying morphological variation in this species. In the protologue, it is clearly stated that the larger plant was seen only once in Monte Re, near Lake of Predil, NE Italy ("Uno duntaxat, quod miratus sum, loco Montis regii Rablensis, giganteum inveni, caulibus cubitalibus bi- &amp; trifloris"), while smaller plants are common elsewhere in Carniola. Accordingly, we can conclude that the two drawings depict plants originating from two different areas, thus belonging to two different gatherings. Consequently, the type designated by Bacchetta et al. (2010: 143), neotype or lectotype, belongs to more than one gathering and cannot be accepted as a type (Art. 8.1, 8.2, 9.3 of the ICN). Thus, the name remains to be typified. No other original material for this name exists (de Langen et al. 1984), so that we select here as lectotype only the small specimen of the water-coloured iconography published by Jacquin at table 86 that better fits the description "folia ... pollicari aut circiter longitudine  … Caulis subquinquepollicaris... Flos plerumque unicus [Leaves  … one inch or about one inch long, stem less than 5 inches ... flower generally single]". </p>
            <p> The lectotype here selected agrees with the current application of the name by numerous authors, e.g.,  Kerguélen (1993), Bacchetta et al. (2010), Tison and de Foucault (2014), Brullo and Guarino (2017), who consider  D. sylvestris as an accepted species. The overall size of the plant, and the length of the leaves are not stable characters for taxonomic discrimination. The shape and relative size of calyx and epicalyx scales are better discriminating taxonomic characters and are evident in the lectotype. These features allow to distinguish  D. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris from  D. sylvestris subsp. tergestinus (Bacchetta et al. 2010). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CAE1C14979A35BA7AE6BF258BCD3A9D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
E00D1489A3935BC199F9A8F9892264FC.text	E00D1489A3935BC199F9A8F9892264FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianthus virgineus subsp. var. var. tergestinus Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 6: 47, pl. 266 fig. 5049 β?. 1842 – 1844. [1844 publ. 1842 – 1844] 1844	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dianthus virgineus var. tergestinus Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 6: 47, pl. 266 fig. 5049β?. 1842-1844. [1844 publ. 1842-1844]</p>
            <p> Dianthus tergestinus ≡  D. tergestinus (Rchb.) A.Kern., Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 2: 71. 1883. </p>
            <p> Dianthus caryophyllus tergestinus ≡  D. caryophyllus var. tergestinus (Rchb.) Tanfani in Caruel, Fl. Ital. 9(2): 283. 1892. </p>
            <p> Dianthus sylvestris tergestinus ≡  D. sylvestris subsp. tergestinus (Rchb.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1, 2): 247. 1924. Ind. Loc.: none [but Trieste, Italy, can be easily inferred from the epithet  “tergestinus” that means "from Trieste"]. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>(lectotype here designated): Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 6: pl. 266 fig. 5049β. 1842-1844.</p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p>The main text (Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 6: 47. 1842-1844. [1844 publ. 1842-1844]) lacks a written diagnosis or description, and, in any case, it is not clear if the plate was published simultaneously with the main text. Stafleu and Cowan (1983) reports that the volume 6 was published between 1842 and 1844, even though the title page shows 1844. However, this name was validly published on plate CCLXVI (= 266) by an illustration with analysis (Arts. 38.7 and 38.8 of the ICN), which is obviously part of the original material.</p>
            <p> This taxon is considered as a subspecies of  D. sylvestris by Vangjeli (2015), Brullo and Guarino (2017), Bartolucci et al. (2018), Peruzzi et al. (2019), and  Nikolić (2020). It differs from  D. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris by having a poorly developed mucro of the epicalyx scales and entire petals. Its distribution (Trieste area and along the north-eastern Adriatic coast), separated from the main range of  D. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris , is compatible with the rank of subspecies. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E00D1489A3935BC199F9A8F9892264FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Domina, Gianniantonio;Astuti, Giovanni;Bacchetta, Gianluigi;Barone, Giulio;Resetnik, Ivana;Terlevic, Ana;Thiebaut, Melanie;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Domina, Gianniantonio, Astuti, Giovanni, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Barone, Giulio, Resetnik, Ivana, Terlevic, Ana, Thiebaut, Melanie, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 1-14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
