taxonID	type	description	language	source
4633878EFFA2B0444B83F8BF63366596.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Marenzelleria wireni Augener, 1913: 265.	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA1B0474B83FBA063EB6564.taxon	description	(Figs 1 & 2)	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA1B0474B83FBA063EB6564.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sikorski & Buzhinskaya (1998) transferred Scolecolepides arctius to the genus Marenzelleria and redescribed the species based on the type material (paratypes MCZ ANNb- 2194, 2195). They also synonymized Laonice annenkovae Zachs, 1925, from Kola Bay (Barents Sea, Russia) with M. arctia and reported the latter species from the Barents, White, Kara, East Siberian and Bering seas of Russia. Bastrop & Blank (2006) for the first time reported M. arctia from the Baltic Sea based on the results of molecular analysis of specimens collected from the Gulf of Bothnia and around the Isle of Askö (Sweden) in 2005. Later, the species was reported from the Gulf of Finland (Finland: Blank et al. 2008; Russia: Maximov 2010, 2015), and south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Russia: Kocheshkova & Ezhova 2018). Marenzelleria arctia has not been reported from North America since Chamberlin’s original description. Complete information about type material of M. arctia from the Beaufort Sea, Alaska, is given in Table S 2.	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA1B0474B83FBA063EB6564.taxon	distribution	Distribution in North America. Beaufort Sea, Alaska, USA (Fig. 2).	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA0B0464B83FF30628E603F.taxon	description	(Figs 1 & 2)	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA0B0464B83FF30628E603F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. By the genetic analyses of Marenzelleria from northern Europe and the US Atlantic coast, Röhner et al. (1996 a, b) and Bastrop et al. (1997, 1998) distinguished three lineages of Marenzelleria: Types I, II and III. Marenzelleria Type III was rare and found only in Currituck Sound (North Carolina, USA), co-occurring with Marenzelleria Type II. The worms were not formally named until Bick (2005), based on new material from Currituck Sound, described Marenzelleria Type III as a new species, M. bastropi. It remains known only from its type locality. Complete information about records of M. bastropi is given in Table S 3.	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA0B0464B83FF30628E603F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North Carolina, USA (Fig. 2).	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA0B0494B83FD04639262B3.taxon	description	(Figs 1 & 2)	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA0B0494B83FD04639262B3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Bastrop et al. ’ s (1997, 1998) Marenzelleria Type II was found on the both sides of the North Atlantic and not formally named until Sikorski & Bick (2004) described it as a new species, M. neglecta. As noted above, Darss- Zingst-Boddenchain, Baltic Sea, Germany, was designated as the type locality of the species, although M. neglecta was recognized as alien in Europe, being introduced with ballast water from the Atlantic coast of USA (Bastrop et al. 1997, 1998). Based on genetic data (allozyme electrophoresis and / or 16 S sequences), Bastrop et al. (1997, 1998) documented the presence of M. neglecta (as M. Type II) in the United States (Durham, New Hampshire; Chesapeake Bay, Maryland; Currituck Sound, North Carolina; Ogeechee River estuary, Georgia) and in Canada (Tuktoyaktuk Harbor, Northwest Territories) (Fig. 2). Notably, specimens of the only sample from New Hampshire (Durham, USNM 80485) were morphologically assigned to M. viridis by Maciolek (1984 *), Sikorski & Bick (2004), as well as one of us (VIR, May 2000). Bastrop et al. (1997: 128) sequenced the 16 S mitochondrial fragments of three specimens from this sample and noticed that “ Contradictions between the results of morphological and genetic species determination still exist … DNA sequence analysis has shown beyond doubt that these animals [USNM 80485] belong to Marenzelleria Type II [M. neglecta]. ” Based on the morphology, Sikorski & Bick (2004) identified M. neglecta from San Francisco Bay (California, USA). After the description of M. neglecta, Leslie H. Harris (in litt. 2 June, 5 July 2021) re-identified as M. neglecta specimens initially reported as M. viridis from California, USA (see below Remarks for M. viridis). Moreover, Leslie H. Harris (in litt. 5 July 2021) identified M. neglecta collected during the 2020 National Coastal Condition Assessment from Ilwaco marina, Columbia River mouth, Washington, USA (see VIR ID 24756 in Table S 4). Following these identifications, reports of M. viridis from San Francisco Bay by Thompson et al. (2000, 2013) are also referred herein to M. neglecta. Complete information about records of M. neglecta from North America is given in Table S 4.	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFA0B0494B83FD04639262B3.taxon	distribution	Distribution in North America. Atlantic coast: from New Hampshire south to Georgia, USA. Pacific coast: Washington and Northern California, USA. Arctic coast: Northwest Territories, Canada (Fig. 2). * Maciolek (1984: 52) mistakenly exchanged the catalogue numbers for two specimens collected by Jones, M. L. in Gloucester (Massachusetts) on 16 May 1959 (USNM 80483), and nine specimens collected by Long, C. D. at Fox Point (Durham, New Hampshire) on 24 Jul 1962 (USNM 80485).	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFAFB0484B83FEED64416583.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 3)	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFAFB0484B83FEED64416583.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Verrill (1873) described Scolecolepis viridis based on material from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Rhode Island, USA. Maciolek (1984) transferred Verrill’s species to Marenzelleria. Sikorski & Bick (2004) established a lectotype and designated the type locality for M. viridis as Naushon Is., off Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts (Fig. 2). They also referred to this species Marenzelleria Type I, which was earlier distinguished in genetic studies by Röhner et al. (1996 a, b) and Bastrop et al. (1997, 1998). Invasion of North American M. viridis into northern European waters resulted in numerous studies on this species (see brief review in the Introduction). In Europe, M. viridis was collected for the first time in 1979 from the western part of the North Sea: Fourth Estuary (Scotland) (Elliott 1983; Elliott & Kingston 1987; as M. wireni). In 1983, it was recorded from the southern part of the North Sea: Ems Estuary (The Netherlands / Germany) (Essink & Kleef 1988). In the late 1980 s – 1990 s, M. viridis spread over the North Sea and also appeared in the Baltic Sea (see reviews by Essink & Kleef 1993; Röhner et al. 1996 b; Bastrop et al. 1997; Zettler 1997; Essink 1999; Olenin & Leppäkoski 1999; Leppäkoski & Olenin 2000; Simm et al. 2003; Bastrop & Blank 2006; Blank & Bastrop 2009; Kauppi et al. 2017, 2018). We collected M. viridis from the Oslofjord in October 2018 and here for the first time report the species for Norwegian waters. Two collected specimens had about 20 narrow yellowish-brown bands on each palp. However, this species was first collected in the region in 2008. A single Marenzelleria specimen was collected from Idefjorden (see VIR ID 24704 in Table S 1) and photographed by Fredrick Pleijel in June 2008 (Fig. 3 B). Idefjorden is next to the Oslofjord, separating the southern parts of Norway and Sweden (Fig. 3 A). The specimen was not preserved, but, according to the features shown on the picture (i. e., about 20 narrow dark bands on each palp, arrangement of branchiae), we identify it as M. viridis. Marenzelleria viridis was reported from San Francisco Bay (California) based upon specimens collected during the Benthic Pilot Study (BPS) in 1994 – 1997 (Cohen & Carlton 1995; Thompson et al. 2000, 2013; Ranasinghe et al. 2012) and Rapid Assessment Survey (RAS) for Exotic Species in May 2004 (Cohen et al. 2005). No samples were left in public museums from the BPS 1994 – 1997, but Sikorski & Bick (2004) identified Marenzelleria collected from that same area (Grizzly Bay, a northern embayment of San Francisco Bay; SIO BIC A 660, ZSRO P- 869) in 1999 as M. neglecta. Moreover, Leslie H. Harris, who first identified specimens from the RAS- 2004 as M. viridis, re-examined the same specimens after the publication of Sikorski & Bick (2004) and referred them to M. neglecta (Harris, L. H., in litt. 2 June 2021). The taxonomists at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission’s Marine Biology Laboratory, who identified M. viridis specimens cited in Cohen & Carlton (1995), Thompson et al. (2000, 2013) and Ranasinghe et al. (2012), also re-assessed them as M. neglecta following Sikorski & Bick (2004) (Norris, D., pers. comm.). We assume that it might be the only Marenzelleria species widely distributed in San Francisco Bay in areas with low salinity. Carr et al. (2011) reported M. viridis from St. Andrews (New Brunswick, Canada). However, the photos of two specimens (NBPOL 181 – 08, NBPOL 262 – 08) provided by the authors in BOLD (http: // boldsystems. org) clearly show features characteristic for Spiophanes Grube, 1860: absence of branchiae, and enlarged neuropodial lamellae of chaetigers 5 – 13 (14) bearing glandular organs. We compared the COI sequences of these specimens (HQ 024089, HQ 024090) provided by Carr et al. (2011) with those of other spionids and found them nested among Spiophanes, probably representing a new and not yet described species. Chertoprood et al. (2004) reported M. viridis from Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea (Russia). One of the authors, however, clarified that it was a mistake in the manuscript and that only M. arctia was collected and identified in that study (Udalov, A. A., in litt. 3 Apr 2019).	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
4633878EFFAFB0484B83FEED64416583.taxon	distribution	Distribution worldwide. Atlantic coast of North America: from Nova Scotia (Canada) and Maine (USA) south to Delaware (USA). North Europe: Northern Ireland, North Sea, Baltic Sea (Figs 2, 3 A).	en	Radashevsky, Vasily I., Pankova, Victoria V., Malyar, Vasily V., Cerca, José, Struck, Torsten H. (2021): A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 5081 (3): 353-372, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.3
