identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
075A8FD8A3B45743840D9C7DBB0D8B38.text	075A8FD8A3B45743840D9C7DBB0D8B38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leonhardia solaki Curcic, Rađa, Vesovic & Vrbica 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Leonhardia solaki 
Curcic
, 
Rađa
, 
Vesovic
&amp; Vrbica
 sp. nov.</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/32557822-9245-4CE3-9E5B-3E8ABF5DEF12 Figures 2, 3</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: male (IZFB) labeled as follows: "WESTERN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: town of  Glamoč , village of Skucani,  Golubnjača kod Skucana Pit, 1,005 m a.s.l., 43°58'31.9"N, 16°54'43.6" E, June, 27, 2018,  Tonći Rađa“ (white label, printed)/"Holotypus  Leonhardia solaki sp. nov.  Ćurčić ,  Rađa ,  Vesović &amp; Vrbica det. 2021" (red label, printed) (Fig. 2). </p>
            <p> Paratypes (seven specimens). Same data as for holotype [two males and two females, IZFB, SSM]; same data as for holotype except for date [one male and two females, IZFB, June, 12, 2018]. All paratypes are labeled with white, printed locality labels and with red printed labels "Paratypus  Leonhardia solaki sp. nov.  Ćurčić ,  Rađa ,  Vesović &amp; Vrbica det. 2021". </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The new species is named after  Siniša Šolak , a geographer and naturalist, who was our guide during cave investigations conducted near the town of  Glamoč . </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p> Western Bosnia and Herzegovina, town of  Glamoč , village of Skucani,  Golubnjača kod Skucana Pit. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The new species is closely related to some other species of  Leonhardia by its large size and by the presence of a high mesosternal carina. Those other species are  L. hilfi ,  L. reitteri ,  L. delminiumica ,  L. jajcensis , and  L. sebesicensis (Figs 1, 4) (Jeannel 1924; Nonveiller et al. 2002;  Ćurčić et al. 2014, 2018). </p>
            <p> Leonhardia solaki sp. nov. differs from  L. hilfi in regard to AL in males (antennae exceeding the middle of elytra vs. antennae reaching the middle of elytra); A10L/A10W (less than 2.375 vs. more than 2.50); pronotum form (bell-shaped, lateral margins well-rounded anteriorly vs. subquadrate, lateral margins obtuse anteriorly); PL/PW (pronotum wider than long vs. pronotum as long as wide); shape of the mesosternal carina (higher, almost right-angled, posterior margin concave vs. lower, obtuse-angled, posterior margin somewhat elevated); shape of elytra (inversely ovate vs. widely oval); shape of the median lobe in dorsal view (apically flattened vs. apically narrowed); length of the median lobe (barely longer than parameres vs. markedly longer than parameres); shape and size of the basal bulb in dorsal view (larger, rounded vs. smaller, not rounded); and shape of the aedeagus in lateral view (median lobe more curved, basal bulb larger vs. median lobe less curved, basal bulb smaller) (Figs 2 - 4) (Reitter 1901; Jeannel 1924; Knirsch 1928; Perreau 1999; Nonveiller et al. 2002). </p>
            <p> Leonhardia solaki sp. nov. is easily distinguished from  L. reitteri , from which it differs with respect to AL (antennae exceeding the middle of elytra in males and reaching the middle of elytra in females vs. antennae barely reaching the middle of body); A2L/A3L+A4L (antennomere II shorter than the following two antennomeres combined vs. antennomere II as long as the following two antennomeres combined); A8L/A8W (M in males 2.06, in females 1.58 vs. 1.50 in both genders); A10L/A10W (R in females 1.54-1.78 vs. more than 2.00 in both genders); shape of the hind pronotal angles (obtuse vs. right or weakly acute); shape of the mesosternal carina (almost right-angled, anterior margin convex, posterior margin regularly concave vs. obtuse-angled, anterior margin obtuse, posterior margin deeply incised); shape of elytra (inversely ovate vs. oval); shape of the median lobe in dorsal (wider in apical half, apically flattened vs. thinner in apical half, apically narrowed) and lateral (more elongate vs. less elongate) views; length of the median lobe (barely longer than parameres vs. markedly longer than parameres); and position of parameral setae in dorsal view (inner pre-apical seta somewhat separated from two remaining setae vs. all setae equidistant) (Figs 2 - 4) (Breit 1902; Jeannel 1924; Knirsch 1928;  Müller 1937; Perreau 1999; Nonveiller et al. 2002). </p>
            <p> Leonhardia solaki sp. nov. differs from  L. delminiumica in regard to TL (R 3.40-3.65 mm in males, 3.55-3.93 mm in females vs. R 3.10-3.20 mm in males, 3.40 mm in a female); A8L/A8W (M 2.06 in males, 1.58 in females vs. antennomere VIII barely longer than broad); shape of the mesosternal carina (almost right-angled, posterior margin less concave vs. obtuse-angled, posterior margin more concave); shape of the median lobe in dorsal (apically flattened, with a rounded apex vs. apically narrowed, with a pointed apex) and lateral (more curved, wider vs. less curved, narrower) views; length of the median lobe (barely longer than parameres vs. markedly longer than parameres); size of the basal bulb in dorsal view (larger vs. smaller); and position of parameral setae in dorsal view (inner pre-apical seta closer to the two remaining setae vs. inner pre-apical seta farther away from the two remaining setae) (Figs 2 - 4) (Nonveiller et al. 2002). </p>
            <p> Leonhardia solaki sp. nov. is easily distinguished from  L. jajcensis , from which it differs with respect to AL in females (antennae reaching the middle of elytra vs. antennae ending before the middle of elytra); shape of the hind pronotal angles (obtuse vs. almost right); shape of the mesosternal carina (higher, anterior margin more convex, posterior margin more concave vs. lower, anterior margin less convex, posterior margin less concave); form of the elytra (more elongate vs. less elongate); shape of the median lobe in dorsal (apically flattened vs. apically narrowed) and lateral (more thickened in its basal half, less convex ventrally vs. less thickened in its basal half, more convex ventrally) views; length of the median lobe (barely longer than parameres vs. markedly longer than parameres); size of the basal bulb in dorsal view (larger vs. smaller); and position of parameral setae in dorsal view (inner pre-apical seta farther away from the two remaining setae vs. inner pre-apical seta closer to the two remaining setae) (Figs 2 - 4) (  Ćurčić et al. 2014). </p>
            <p> Leonhardia solaki sp. nov. differs from  L. sebesicensis in regard to AL in females (antennae reaching the middle of elytra vs. antennae ending before the middle of elytra); shape of the hind pronotal angles (obtuse-angled in both genders vs. almost right-angled in males); shape of the pronotum and elytra (less elongate vs. more elongate); shape of the mesosternal carina (apically rounded vs. apically toothed); shape of the median lobe in dorsal (apically flattened vs. apically rounded) and lateral (more curved, narrower in apical half vs. less curved, wider in apical half) views; length of the median lobe (barely longer than parameres vs. markedly longer than parameres); and position of parameral setae in dorsal view (inner pre-apical seta somewhat separated from two remaining setae vs. all setae equidistant) (Figs 2 - 4) (  Ćurčić et al. 2018). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Medium-sized leptodirine. TL M 3.62 mm (3.55 mm in males, 3.69 mm in females), R 3.40-3.93 mm (3.40-3.65 mm in males, 3.55-3.93 mm in females).</p>
            <p>Habitus: Body shape pholeuonoid, colour reddish-brown (Figs 2A, 3A, B).</p>
            <p>Integument: Shiny, microsculptured (Fig. 3D, G, L). Body covered with a number of densely distributed deep punctures and yellow pubescence of medium length (erect on head, recumbent on both pronotum and elytra).</p>
            <p>Head: Longer than wide (HL/HW M 1.11, R 1.06-1.19), anophthalmous, with no occipital carina (Figs 2A, 3C). Labrum slightly emarginate, with several long setae. Penultimate maxillary palpomere widened apically. Ultimate maxillary palpomere short, thin, gradually narrowing apically. Vertex with a longitudinal impression. Antennae inserted in middle third of head, slender, narrow proximally, slightly dilated distally, longer in males, AL M 2.15 mm, R 1.93-2.33 mm (2.165-2.33 mm in males, 1.93-2.165 mm in females), exceeding middle of elytra in males and reaching middle of elytra in females (Figs 2A, 3E). Antennomere I short and wide. A1L/A2L M 0.54, R 0.52-0.58. Antennomere II narrow, elongate, shorter than III and IV combined (A2L/A3+A4L M 0.86, R 0.79-0.90). Antennomeres III-VI of similar shape and size, narrow, among which V is the longest. Antennomeres VII and IX-XI widened (VII, IX, and X dilated distally), large, among which VII is the shortest in males, VIII the shortest in females, and XI the longest in both sexes. Antennomere VIII small, elongate in males (A8L/A8W M 2.06, R 1.82-2.40), wide in females (A8L/A8W M 1.58, R 1.33-1.90). A9L/A9W in males M 2.35 (R 2.25-2.50), in females M 1.68 (R 1.60-1.78). A10L/A10W in males M 2.27 (R 2.21-2.375), in females M 1.65 (R 1.54-1.78). Ultimate antennomere slender, narrowing apically, A11L/A11W in males M 3.10 (R 2.54-3.50), in females M 2.82 (R 2.67-3.00).</p>
            <p>Prothorax: Pronotum bell-shaped, transverse (PL/PW M 0.87, R 0.84-0.91), widest slightly after anterior third, markedly broader than head (Figs 2A, 3F). Lateral margins well-rounded anteriorly, somewhat concave posteriorly, sub-parallel basally. Pronotal base straight, markedly shorter than elytral base (PB/EB M 0.95, R 0.90-0.99). PB/AM M 1.40, R 1.18-1.55. Anterior margin somewhat convex medially. Fore pronotal angles small, rounded, obtuse. Hind pronotal angles obtuse, prominent, not protruding backwards. Pronotal disc moderately convex (Fig. 3B).</p>
            <p>Mesothorax: Mesosternal carina high anteriorly, low posteriorly (Figs 2B, 3H). Anterior margin convex, posterior margin concave, with a few setae. Tooth obtuse, rounded. No mesoventral processus on mesoventrite (Fig. 3I). Scutellum large, triangular (Figs 2A, 3J).</p>
            <p>Metathorax: Metasternum without carina.</p>
            <p>Elytra: Wide, obovoid, slightly wider in females (EL/EW in males M 1.47, R 1.40-1.57; in females M 1.44, R 1.41-1.48), markedly wider than pronotum (Figs 2A, 3K). Maximum width slightly before middle. Lateral margins arcuate. Marginal furrows visible on nearly entire elytra. Shoulders weakly expressed, almost rounded. Elytral disc markedly convex, gently declining basally and steeply declining apically in lateral view (Fig. 3B). Sutural striae developed. Elytral apex attenuated, rounded. Pygidium covered by elytra.</p>
            <p>Legs: Elongate (Fig. 2A). Femora widened basally, constricted sub-apically. Tibiae thin, very gently curved, gradually widening distally, each with several spines. Each fore tibia with an outer distal brush-like structure. Male fore tarsi five-segmented, weakly dilated. Tarsal claws elongate, narrow, curved, pointed apically.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia: Aedeagus elongate, straight, thin, sclerotized (Figs 2C, D). Basal bulb small and rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 2C), moderately large in lateral view (Fig. 2D). Median lobe in dorsal view sub-parallel, rounded anteriorly, with a flattened apex, longer than parameres (Fig. 2C). Median lobe in lateral view curved, straight in basal half, sub-apically concave dorsally, almost straight ventrally in basal part, with an acute apex curved downwards (Fig. 2D). Parameres slender, narrow, arcuate, sub-apically curved towards exterior, each with a dilated rounded apex in dorsal view (Figs 2C, E), while gently narrowing distally in lateral view (Fig. 2D). Paramere bearing three setae: two strong, long, in apical and pre-apical position, respectively, and one inner, thin, short, in pre-apical position (Fig. 2E). Two long parameral setae close-set, short one somewhat separated, positioned somewhat below level of other two parameral setae (Fig. 2E). Endophallus elongate, tubular. Copulatory piece having a Y-shaped phanera and two lateral basal sclerifications, in front of which a weakly chitinized structure resembling teeth is present. In addition, two lateral bands are present in apical half of median lobe (Fig. 2C).</p>
            <p>Female genitalia: Gonostyli slender, thin, gradually narrowing distally, straight, pointed apically (Fig. 2F). Each gonostylus carrying one apical seta, three inner setae, and one outer seta (Fig. 2F). Spermatheca elongate, chitinized, curved, constricted posteriorly in sub-apical part, spherical apically (Fig. 2G).</p>
            <p>Female abdominal sternite VIII: Large, transverse, with a thin anterior process, carrying pubescence (Fig. 2H).</p>
            <p>Intraspecific variability.</p>
            <p>A certain level of intraspecific variability is observed in the new species. Several morphological differences between males and females point to the occurrence of sexual dimorphism. To be specific: (i) males are on average slightly shorter than females; (ii) the antennae in males are longer than in females; (iii) antennomeres VIII-XI in males are more slender than in females; (iv) the head in males is larger than in females; (v) the pronotum in males is more elongate than in females; (vi) the elytra in males are more elongate than in females.</p>
            <p>Geographic distribution.</p>
            <p> Thus far, the species is known only from its type locality - the  Golubnjača kod Skucana Pit, situated in the village of Skucani, close to the town of  Glamoč in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. This site represents the westernmost location of a  Leonhardia species. We assume that the new species probably inhabits other subterranean sites in the surrounding areas of western Bosnia and Herzegovina, although one of us (TR) visited the  Ledenjača Cave situated in the same village (Skucani), but found no specimens of the new species there. </p>
            <p>Bionomy and habitat.</p>
            <p> All specimens of  L. solaki sp. nov. were collected deep in the  Golubnjača kod Skucana Pit. They were recorded at this subterranean site at a depth of 30 m under conditions of permanent darkness and high humidity, along with the presence of trickling water. All individuals of  L. solaki sp. nov. were gathered manually from the floor and walls in the innermost part of the pit. Aside from the new species,  Golubnjača kod Skucana Pit is inhabited by another subterranean leiodid,  Parapropus ganglbaueri obenbergeri Mařan , 1943, which is recorded in the same habitat where individuals of the new species were found, so these two taxa can be treated as sympatric. The same pit is also the type locality of the recently described moth fly  Psychoda glamocensis Wagner &amp; Rada, 2020 (Wagner and Rada 2020). </p>
            <p> Key for identification of species and subspecies of  Leonhardia (Figs 2 - 4) </p>
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smaller body size (2.80-3.00 mm in length). Mesosternal carina low (Fig. 4A)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. droveniki Perreau, 1999 </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Larger body size (3.10-4.00 mm in length). Mesosternal carina high (Figs 2B, 3H, 4B-F)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> Anterior margin of mesosternal carina obtuse, posterior margin deeply incised (Fig. 4C). Median lobe in lateral view less elongate and more curved (Fig. 4M) (  L. reitteri Breit, 1902) </td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Anterior margin of mesosternal carina convex, posterior margin regularly concave (Figs 4B, D-F). Median lobe in lateral view more elongate and less curved (Figs 4L, N-P)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Larger body size (3.50-3.70 mm in length). Pronotum less transverse. Lateral elytral margins more arcuate, elytra apically rounded</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smaller body size (3.20 mm in length). Pronotum more transverse. Lateral elytral margins less arcuate, elytra apically pointed</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. reitteri mersa Knirsch, 1928 </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pronotum narrowed basally, elytra narrower and less convex, pronotal depressions lacking or barely discernible</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. reitteri reitteri Breit, 1902 </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pronotum not narrowed basally, elytra wider and more convex, two depressions present on pronotum</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. reitteri zariquieyi Müller , 1937 </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Mesosternal carina almost right-angled (Figs 2A, 3H, 4E)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Mesosternal carina obtuse-angled (Figs 4B, D, F)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hind pronotal angles almost right. Mesosternal carina lower, anterior margin less convex, posterior margin less concave (Fig. 4E). Median lobe in dorsal view apically narrowed, markedly longer than parameres (Fig. 4J)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. jajcensis S.  Ćurčić &amp;  Rađa , 2014 </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hind pronotal angles obtuse (Figs 2A, 3F). Mesosternal carina higher, anterior margin more convex, posterior margin more concave (Figs 2B, 3H). Median lobe in dorsal view apically flattened, barely longer than parameres (Fig. 2C)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. solaki sp. nov. </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Median lobe in dorsal view apically pointed (Fig. 4I). Inner pre-apical seta markedly separated from two remaining parameral setae (Fig. 4S)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. delminiumica Nonveiller,  Pavićević ,  Rađa &amp;  Vujčić-Karlo , 2002 </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Median lobe in dorsal view apically rounded (Figs 4G, K). Parameral setae close-set (Figs 4Q, U)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Mesosternal carina higher, apically toothed (Fig. 4F). Median lobe in dorsal view wider, apically rounded (Fig. 4K). Parameral setae equidistant (Fig. 4U)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. sebesicensis S.  Ćurčić ,  Pavićević &amp;  Mulaomerović , 2018 </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> Mesosternal carina lower, apically rounded (Fig. 4B). Median lobe in dorsal view narrower, apically flattened (Fig. 4G). Inner pre-apical parameral seta somewhat separated from two remaining parameral setae (Fig. 4Q) (  L. hilfi Reitter, 1901) </td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smaller body size (3.40-3.50 mm in length). Antennae shorter and narrower. Punctures smaller. Pubescence shorter</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. hilfi hilfi Reitter, 1901 </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Larger body size (3.80-4.00 mm in length). Antennae longer and wider. Punctures larger. Pubescence longer</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> L. hilfi robusta Knirsch, 1928 </td>
                </tr>
            </table>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/075A8FD8A3B45743840D9C7DBB0D8B38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Curcic 1, Srecko;Vesovic 1, Nikola;Vrbica 1, Maja;Popovic 1,2, Slađana;Radovanovic 3, Zeljko;Curcic 4, Nina B.;Rađa 5, Tonci	Curcic 1, Srecko, Vesovic 1, Nikola, Vrbica 1, Maja, Popovic 1,2, Slađana, Radovanovic 3, Zeljko, Curcic 4, Nina B., Rađa 5, Tonci (2021): A new species of Leonhardia Reitter, 1901 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leptodirini) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a key to species of the genus. Subterranean Biology 41: 69-85, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.41.75613, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.41.75613
