taxonID	type	description	language	source
2A35ED1E0664500F8461A6EFFFC6C926.taxon	description	Japanese name: amejisuto-mushimodoki-ginchaku Figs 7 I-K, 9	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
2A35ED1E0664500F8461A6EFFFC6C926.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. CMNH-ZG 09763: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by SCUBA diving on 28 March 2013, in Oura Bay, Okinawa Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, 15 m depth, by Takuma Fujii.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
2A35ED1E0664500F8461A6EFFFC6C926.taxon	description	Description. External anatomy. Size: preserved specimen ca. 200 mm in whole length, and 7 mm (narrower part) - 20 mm (broader part) in width, and> 300 mm in living animal, one of the largest species in edwardsiids (Fig. 9 B). Column: worm-like in form, and the distal part swollen to some extent (maybe because of condition during preservation). The column consisting of capitulum, scapus and quite small physa. The distal-most part a short capitulum, without nemathybomes. Scapus with thin and easily stripped periderm, light brown in color, and surface completely smooth, with extremely small nemathybome-like spots (Fig. 9 B). Aboral end differentiated with small, rounded physa. Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles: inner tentacles five and outer 15, slender, pale purple in color with several dark purple spots (Fig. 9 A; this color is lost in preserved specimen: Fig. 9 B). Inner tentacles ca. 10 mm and outer ones ca. 15 - 20 mm in length in the living specimen. Mouth: at the center of oral disc, apparently swollen in living animal. Internal anatomy. Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes, arranged in the normal Edwardsia pattern. All macrocnemes are present along the whole body length from oral to aboral end and bear distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, only confined to distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, strongly developed and diffused (Fig. 9 E), pennon-like, arranged with 100 - 150 muscular processes, simple to well branched. Processes near filament short and highly branched, and one process nearest to the body wall extremely well-branched, with ca. 80 secondary and thirdly branched processes (Fig. 9 E). Parietal muscles: distinct, rounded shape, consisting of 10 - 15 simple processes on each side (Fig. 9 E). Others: each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoels. Existence of siphonoglyph unknown because of contracted state of specimen. Tentacular circular muscle indistinct (Fig. 9 C), and longitudinal muscle ectodermal, distinct (Fig. 9 D). Mesoglea thickest in body wall and actinopharynx, ca. 200 µm in thickness (Fig. 9 E), but far thinner in mesenteries, retractor muscles, and tentacles (Fig. 9 C, D). Nemathybome-like structures protruding from mesoglea, but without any nematocysts (Fig. 9 G). Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent. Gametogenic tissue apart from retractor muscles, distinct (Fig. 9 F), with matured oocytes. Cnidom. Basitrichs, spirocysts, and microbasic p - mastigophores. There are no nematocysts in nemathybome-like structures. See Fig. 7 I-K and Table 5 for sizes and distributions.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
2A35ED1E0664500F8461A6EFFFC6C926.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species epithet refers to amethyst, a kind of gemstone, and is named after this species' dark purple tentacle coloration. Derivation of the Japanese name is the same as that of the Latin species name.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
EA704A69959E541C9C0F1550DE68CC12.taxon	description	Japanese name: rubi-mushimodoki-ginchaku Figs 3 K-O, 5	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
EA704A69959E541C9C0F1550DE68CC12.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. CMNH-ZG 05954, histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by SCUBA diving on 10 July 2013, Nishidomari (in front of Kuroshio Biological Institute), Kochi Pref., Japan, 5 m depth, by Kensuke Yanagi.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
EA704A69959E541C9C0F1550DE68CC12.taxon	description	Description. External anatomy. Size: preserved specimen ca. 60 mm in whole length, and 10 - 15 mm in width (but distal side strongly contracted and aboral side torn off during sampling, so body length estimated> 100 mm when living), with cylinder-like form, and the proximal side a little narrower. Column: consisting of capitulum and scapus. The distal-most part of capitulum, transparent and visible scarlet color inside, short, without nemathybomes. Scapus with very thick periderm-like cuticle, dark brown in color in living specimen (Fig. 5 B; this color lost in preserved specimen), and with tiny, pale white in color, densely scattered nemathybomes (Fig. 5 A). Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles: inner tentacles five and outer 15, vivid scarlet in color (Fig. 5 B), without acrospheres. Inner tentacles short, blunt, ca. 6 mm in length, and outer ones long, slender, with sparse white spots on surface, 15 - 20 mm in length in the living specimen. Mouth: at the center of oral disc apparently swollen in living animal (Fig. 5 B). Internal anatomy. Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes, arranged in normal Edwardsia pattern (Fig. 5 C, D). All macrocnemes are present along the whole body length from oral to aboral end and bear distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, only confined to distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, strongly developed and diffused (Fig. 5 E), pennon-like, arranged with 60 - 90 muscular processes, simple or slightly branched, and pinnated in some parts. Some processes nearest to body wall extremely well-branched, into secondary and thirdly branches (Fig. 5 E). Parietal muscles: not so well developed, apparently elongated to direction of mesenteries, with ca. 20 - 30 simple to muscular processes in each side (Fig. 5 E). Others: each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoels. Existence of siphonoglyph unknown because of contracted state of specimen. Tentacular circular muscle indistinct, and longitudinal muscle distinct, ectodermal. Mesoglea thickest in body wall,> 200 μm in thickness in some parts (Fig. 5 C, D), and comparatively thick in tentacles and mesenteries (nearby retractor), but thinner in parietal muscles (Fig. 5 E). Nemathybomes protruding from mesoglea (Fig. 5 G). Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent. Gametogenic tissue apart from retractor muscles, distinct, with dense immature testes (Fig. 5 F). Cnidom. Basitrichs, spirocysts, and microbasic p - mastigophores. See Fig. 3 K-O and Table 4 for sizes and distributions of cnidae.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
EA704A69959E541C9C0F1550DE68CC12.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to ruby, a kind of gemstone, and is named so after the scarlet, vivid red, color of its tentacles. Derivation of the Japanese name is the same as that of the Latin species name.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
5B726EEA8CCF56B8B680BA201207CCF6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (revised from the diagnosis given by England, 1987). Body divisible into physa, scapus, and capitulum. physa short, without nemathybomes or cuticle. Scapus long, generally with nemathybomes but sometimes without, sunk in mesoglea; cuticle present. Tentacles usually 20, inequal number at inner and outer cycle: five-eight inner and 12 - 15 outer. Siphonoglyph weak or absent, ventral. Mesenteries eight macrocnemes and six pairs of microcnemes, minute and restricted to distal part of column. Microcnemes never paired with macrocnemes. Gametogenic tissue, filaments, and parietal and retractor muscles on macrocnemes only. Parietals well developed; retractors strong-diffuse to restricted-reniform. Cnidom: spirocysts, basitrichs, microbasic p - mastigophores.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E.taxon	description	Japanese name: minami-mushimodoki-ginchaku: Uchida & Soyama, 2001 Figs 3 F-J, 4	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CMNH-ZG 06527: dissected specimen, histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by wading on 7 June 2013 from the intertidal zone of Kabira Bay, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Kensuke Yanagi; NSMT-Co 1701: dissected specimens (2 individuals), collected by hand during wading on 26 March 2015 from the intertidal zone of Funaura Bay, Iriomote Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Takato Izumi; NSMT-Co 1781: dissected or whole specimens (3 individuals), collected by wading on 17 March 2015 from the intertidal zone of Yonaha Bay, Miyako Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Takato Izumi; NSMT-Co 1782: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by wading on 19 March 2014 from the intertidal zone of Kataburu Beach, Yonaguni Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Takato Izumi; NSMT-Co 1783: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by wading on 23 March 2015 from the intertidal zone of Kataburu Beach, Yonaguni Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Takato Izumi; NSMT-Co 1784 - NSMT-Co 1789: whole or dissected specimens, collected by wading on 17 March 2016 from the intertidal zone of Kataburu Beach, Yonaguni Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Takato Izumi; NSMT-Co 1790: dissected specimens (3 individuals), collected by wading on 24 March 2015 from the intertidal zone of Higawa Bay, Yonaguni Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Takato Izumi; NSMT-Co 1791: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, collected by wading on 23 September 2014 from the intertidal zone of Senaga Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Takato Izumi; NSMT-Co 1792: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, collected by wading on 21 September 2014 from the intertidal zone of Yagaji Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, by Takato Izumi; NSMT-Co 1793: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, collected by hand during snorkeling on 9 November 2015 from Shio-michi, Kikai Island, Kagoshima Pref., Japan, 1 m depth, by Takato Izumi.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
3736F24343895DFFBA57229A0452E87E.taxon	description	Description. External anatomy. Size: preserved specimens ca. 20 - 60 mm in whole length, and 2.5 - 3.5 mm in width, with worm-like form, and equal width along whole body. Column: consisting of capitulum, scapus, and physa. The distal-most part capitulum, translucent or opaque gray in color in living specimens, short, without nemathybomes. Scapus with thick periderm-like cuticle, brownish orange in color, both in living and preserved specimens, and with tiny, pale white in color, more or less in 8 rows nemathybomes. Aboral end apparent physa (Fig. 4 A). Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles; inner tentacles four or five and outer 10 - 15, opaque whitish gray in color in living animals (Fig. 4 B; this color is lost in preserved specimen), without acrospheres. Inner tentacles slender, ca. 1 mm in length, and outer ones long, slender, short, with sparse white spots on surface, 2 - 3 mm in length. Mouth: at the center of oral disc, a little swollen. Internal anatomy. Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes, (Fig. 4 E). All macrocnemes are present along the whole body length from oral to aboral end, and bear distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Approximately seven to twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, only confined to distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, distinct and diffused (Fig. 4 E, F), pennon-like, consist of ca. 15 - 35 simple or slightly branched muscular processes (Fig. 4 F). Parietal muscles: distinctly developed, leaf-like shape elongated along mesenteries, with ca. ten simple or slightly branched muscular processes in each side (Fig. 4 F). Others: each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoel. Actinopharynx short, limited in uppermost part (Fig. 4 C), without siphonoglyph. Tentacular circular muscle indistinct, and longitudinal muscle distinct, ectodermal. Mesoglea thickest in body wall (Fig. 4 E), and comparatively thick in tentacles (Fig. 4 C), but thinner in mesenteries and parietal muscles (Fig. 4 F). Nemathybomes protruding from mesoglea (Fig. 4 D). Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent. Gametogenic tissue not attached to retractor muscles, distinct, but no mature gametocyte. Zooxanthellae sparsely distributed on endoderm of mesenteries (Fig. 4 F). Cnidom. Basitrichs, spirocysts, and microbasic p - mastigophores. See Fig. 3 F-J and Table 4 for sizes and distributions of cnidae.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
11CE36E72E175D6AA1F958A3E40FC11F.taxon	description	New Japanese name: nanyo-mushimodoki-ginchaku Figs 2, 3 A-E	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
11CE36E72E175D6AA1F958A3E40FC11F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. NSMT-Co 1702: histological sections, dissected tissues, and prepared nematocysts, collected by SCUBA diving on 7 November 2015 off Kurasaki seashore, Amami-Oshima Island, Kagoshima, Japan, at ca. 20 m depth, by Takuma Fujii.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
11CE36E72E175D6AA1F958A3E40FC11F.taxon	description	Description. External anatomy. Size: ca. 120 - 200 mm in whole length, and ca. 12 - 15 mm in width in living specimen, and ca. 80 - 130 mm in length and ca. 8 - 10 mm in width in preserved specimen (Fig. 2 A). Column: cylinder-like form, and the proximal part narrower to some extent; consisting of capitulum, scapus, and physa. The distal-most part capitulum, translucent and visible magenta mesenteries within, short, without nemathybomes. Scapus with very thick and easily removed periderm-like cuticle, dark gray color in living and preserved animals, and with tiny, pale white in color, densely scattered nemathybomes (Fig. 2 A). Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles, inner tentacle 8 and outer 12, magenta pink or purple in color with brown obscure patches in living animals (Fig. 2 B; these colors are lost in preserved specimen), without acrospheres. Inner tentacles short, slender, ca. 5 - 6 mm in length, and outer ones long and slender, 10 - 14 mm in length in preserved. Mouth: at the center of oral disc, apparently swollen, showing white color in live specimens. Internal anatomy. Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes. All macrocnemes present along whole length of the body from oral to aboral end and bearing distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, confined only in distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, strongly developed and diffused (Fig. 2 F), pennon-like, arranged with ca. 100 muscular processes. Processes except some basal ones simple or slightly branched, and pinnate in some parts. Some processes nearest to body wall extremely well-branched, with secondary and tertiary branches (Fig. 2 F; England, 1981: fig. 10). Parietal muscles: developed, comparatively distinct, egg-shaped, elongated along mesenteries, with ca. 15 - 20 simple or slightly branched muscular processes on each side (Fig. 2 E). Others: existence of siphonoglyph unknown because of the contracted state of the specimen. Each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoels. Tentacular circular muscle indistinct (Fig. 2 C), and longitudinal muscle distinct, ectodermal (Fig. 2 D). Mesoglea thickest in body wall,> 200 μm in thickness in some parts, and comparatively thick in physa and mesenteries, but thinner in parietal muscles and tentacles (Fig. 2 C-E). Nemathybomes sunk into mesoglea. Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent (Fig. 2 G). Gametogenic tissue not attached to retractor muscles, distinct, but no mature gametocytes observed in our specimen (Fig. 2 F). Cnidom. Basitrichs, spirocysts, and microbasic p - mastigophores. See Fig. 3 A-E and Table 4 for sizes and distributions of cnidae on this study.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467.taxon	description	Japanese name: safaia-mushimodoki-ginchaku Figs 6, 7 A-D	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. CMNH-ZG 09761: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by SCUBA diving on 24 June 2012, in Oura Bay, Okinawa Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan, 10 m depth, by Takuma Fujii.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467.taxon	description	Description. External anatomy. Size: preserved specimen ca. 150 mm in whole length, and 20 mm (narrower part) - 35 mm (broader part) in width, and> 300 mm in living animal. Column: cylinder-like form, and the proximal part swollen to some extent in preserved specimen. The column consisting of capitulum, scapus and quite small physa. The distal-most part of the capitulum transparently blue, short, without nemathybomes. Scapus with thin and easily stripped periderm, brown in color, and with quite numerous, tiny, pale white in color, scattered nemathybomes (Fig. 6 B). Nemathybomes. Aboral end differentiated small, tapered physa. Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles: inner tentacles 5 and outer 15, metallic greenish blue in color with no pattern in living specimen (Fig. 6 A; this color lost in preserved specimen), slender, without acrospheres. Inner tentacles ca. 10 mm and outer ones 15 - 25 mm in length in the living specimen. Mouth: at the center of oral disc, apparently swollen in living animal (Fig. 6 A). Internal anatomy. Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes, arranged in normal Edwardsia pattern (Fig. 6 C). All macrocnemes are present along the whole body length from oral to aboral end and bear distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, only confined to distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, strongly developed and diffused (Fig. 6 E), pennon-like, arranged with 120 - 150 muscular processes, simple or slightly branched. One process nearest to body wall extremely well-branched, with> 100 secondary and thirdly branched processes (Fig. 6 E). Parietal muscles: distinct, developed peculiarly: consisted of ca. 20 - 30 processes in each side, and only one of them extremely developed, branched into secondary 15 - 25 processes, and expanded broadly. Thus, parietals in entirety appearing in a characteristic shape like the club symbol of cards (Fig. 6 D). Others: each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoels. Existence of siphonoglyph unknown because of contracted state of specimen. Tentacular circular muscle endodermal, indistinct (Fig. 6 G), and longitudinal muscle ectodermal, distinct, and sometimes pinnated (Fig. 6 H). Mesoglea thickest in body wall, sometimes reaching 1 mm in thickness (Fig. 6 C), but thinner in mesenteries, parietal muscle, and tentacles (Fig. 6 E-H). Nemathybomes protruding from mesoglea. Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent. Gametogenic tissue apart from retractor muscles, distinct (Fig. 6 C, F), with matured oocytes. Cnidom. Basitrichs, spirocysts, microbasic p - mastigophores. See Fig. 7 A-D and Table 5 for sizes and distribution.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to a sapphire, a gemstone, and is named so after the brilliant metallic blue color of the species' tentacles. Derivation of the Japanese name is the same as that of the Latin species name.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
E7110EE880295AC792592D11B062ADC0.taxon	description	Japanese name: emerarudo-mushimodoki-emeginchaku Figs 7 E-H, 8	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
E7110EE880295AC792592D11B062ADC0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. CMNH-ZG 09762: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by SCUBA diving on 31 January 2016, off Shirahama seashore, Amami-Oshima Island, Kagoshima, Japan, 15 m depth, by Daisuke Uyeno.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
E7110EE880295AC792592D11B062ADC0.taxon	description	Description. External anatomy. Size: preserved specimen ca. 70 mm in whole length, and ca. 15 mm in width, and ca. 100 mm in living specimen. Column: cylinder-like in form, and the middle part swollen to some extent (Fig. 8 A, B). The column consisting of capitulum, scapus and quite small physa. The distal-most part of the capitulum whitish transparent in living animals, short, without nemathybomes. Scapus with thick periderm, brownish black in color, and with protruding scattered tiny, dingy grey color nemathybomes in the living specimen (Fig. 8 A). Aboral end differentiated small, tapered physa. Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles: inner tentacles five and outer 15, brilliant green in color and pale purple at the tips, no pattern, comparatively slender, without acrospheres. Inner tentacles ca. 7 mm and outer ones ca. 10 - 15 mm in length in the living specimen. Mouth: at the center of oral disc, slightly swollen both in living and preserved specimen. Internal anatomy. Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes, arranged in normal Edwardsia pattern (Fig. 8 F). All macrocnemes are present along the whole body length from oral to aboral end and bear distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, only confined to distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Each tentacle exo- or endocoelic. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, weakly developed but distinct, diffused (Fig. 8 C), pennon-like, arranged with 50 - 60 muscular processes, simple or slightly branched. One process nearest to body wall well-branched (Fig. 8 C). Parietal muscles indistinct, elongated in direction of mesenteries, consisted of short and slightly branched processes, sparsely, <ten on each side (Fig. 8 C). Others: each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoels. Existence of siphonoglyph unknown because of contracted state of specimen. Tentacular circular muscle endodermal, distinct, and longitudinal muscle ectodermal, both distinct. Mesoglea thickest in body wall and actinopharynx, maximum 400 µm in thickness (Fig. 8 F), but far thinner in parietal muscle and tentacles (Fig. 8 C-E), and thinnest, <10 µm, in mesenteries. Nemathybomes protruding from mesoglea (Fig. 8 H). Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent. Gametogenic tissue apart from retractor muscles, distinct (Fig. 8 G), with matured oocytes. Cnidom. Basitrichs, spirocysts, microbasic p - mastigophores. See Fig. 7 E-H and Table 5 for sizes and distribution.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
E7110EE880295AC792592D11B062ADC0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species epithet refers to an emerald, a gemstone, and is named so after the bright green coloration of its tentacles. Derivation of the Japanese name is the same as that of the Latin species name.	en	Izumi, Takato, Fujii, Takuma (2021): Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species. ZooKeys 1076: 151-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025
