identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9C052F2FFFAFFFA7B2DB9D38FC29E790.text	9C052F2FFFAFFFA7B2DB9D38FC29E790.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Choroterpes (Choroterpes) andamanensis Vasanth, Subramanian & Selvakumar 2021	<div><p>Choroterpes (Choroterpes) andamanensis Vasanth, Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 1–16)</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: male larva, INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Botanical Garden, Nayachaar; N 11.5738°, E 92.6741°; Alt. 54m.; 16.xi.2018, coll. K. A. Subramanian (Reg. No. I /E/438). Paratypes: 3 larvae (Reg. No. I /E/439), same data as holotype.</p> <p>Mature larva. Length: body, 4.3–5.0 mm; antennae, 2.8–3.0 mm; cerci, 5.2–5.5 mm; paracercus, 5.8–6.0 mm. General coloration yellowish brown (Figs 1–2).</p> <p>Head. Dark brown, washed with yellow. Upper portion of male compound eye reddish black. Antennae whitish yellow (Fig. 1). Labrum (Fig. 3): dark brown; anteromedian emargination shallow, broad with five blunt denticles. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4): lingua with well developed lateral process, with cleft anterior margin. Mandibles (Figs 5–6): translucent, dark brown and pale brown medially; lateral margins with scattered setae, inner incisor slightly longer than outer one. Second segment of maxillary palp subequal in length of segment I, segment III approximately ¾ length of segment II (Fig. 7). Labium (Fig. 8): glossae with plate-like thick setae on ventral surface and dense row of fewer setae on dorsal surface; paraglossae with denser but thinner setae on dorsal surface; first segment of labial palp with thick setae on lateral margins, second segment with hair-like setae on lateral margin, apical segment with thick and fine setae and small tufts; length of segment I subequal to segment II, segment III approximately ¾ length of segment II.</p> <p>Thorax. Yellowish brown, irregularly washed with dark brown; pronotum dark yellowish brown with diffuse black markings medially. Meso- and metathorax yellowish brown tinged with dark brown or black laterally. Legs (Figs 9–11): yellowish brown; each femur with a brown macula on middle and distal region; forefemur with thick setae on the dorsal surface, mid and hind femora with several well developed thick setae on dorsal surface; each femur with thick and thin setae on outer margin; fore and mid tibiae with fine and thick setae on inner margin, and very sparse and thin setae on inner and outer margin; hind tibiae with thick and few feathered setae on surface; tarsi of all legs with several thin setae on inner margin and sparse setae on outer margins. Claws apically hooked with a row of 8–9 denticles (Fig. 12).</p> <p>Abdomen. Terga I–X pale yellowish brown with diffuse black markings and spines on posterior margins; posterolateral margins of abdominal terga I– III with blunt denticles and IV–IX with pointed denticles, size of denticles progressively larger posteriorly. Sterna I–VII white and VIII–IX yellowish (Figs 1–2). Gills I–VII, well-tracheated, slender, gills II –VII with dorsal lamella larger than ventral (Figs 13–16). Sternum IX of male with deep apical cleft, sternum IX of female with apex entire and without emargination (Fig. 2). Caudal filaments pale yellow-brown; with a whorl of setae on alternate segments; setae shorter than length of corresponding segment.</p> <p>Adult. Unknown</p> <p>Etymology. The species named after the type locality, Andaman Islands.</p> <p>Distribution. Andaman Island (India).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Choroterpes (Choroterpes) andamanensis n. sp. can be distinguished from all known species of subgenus Choroterpes by the following characters: (i) anteromedian emargination of labrum broad with five blunt denticles (Fig. 3); (ii) gills II–VII with dorsal lamella larger than ventral (Figs 14–16). (iii) femur with brown macula on middle and distal region (Figs 9–11); and (iv) claw with a row of 8–9 denticles (Fig. 12).</p> <p>Habitat: Larvae of Choroterpes (Choroterpes) andamanensis n. sp. inhabit small (from 1.5–2 m wide) stream (Nayachaar) (Fig. 57) (up to 54 m a.s.l.) of the Port Blair district, Andaman Island. This stream is characterized by medium water temperature (25°С at the time of sampling), average current velocity and bottom substrate predominantly with pebbles, sand, leaf litter and silt particles. The new species was found with Baetis sp.</p> <p>Discussion. Presently, three species are recorded from the subgenus Choroterpes s. str. in India viz., Choroterpes (C.) petersi Tong and Dudgeon, 2003 from southern Western Ghats by Selvakumar et al., (2015) which was originally described from Hong Kong, Choroterpes (C.) kaegies Selvakumar, Subramanian &amp; Chandra, 2017 described from Himachal Pradesh and Meghalaya and the present new species, Choroterpes (Choroterpes) andamanensis Vasanth, Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar n. sp. from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The distribution of Choroterpes (C.) petersi Tong and Dudgeon, 2003 appears to be disjunct in its geographical range. Choroterpes (C.) kaegies Selvakumar, Subramanian &amp; Chandra, 2017 is widely distributed in North and North-East India. Choroterpes (C.) andamanensis n. sp. is only known from Andaman Islands. However, extensive field surveys are required to explore the distribution of this subgenus in the Indian subcontinent.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C052F2FFFAFFFA7B2DB9D38FC29E790	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vasanth, M.;Subramanian, K. A.;Selvakumar, C.;Kubendran, T.;Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.	Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C., Kubendran, T., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. (2021): Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970. Zootaxa 5076 (1): 56-70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.7
9C052F2FFFAAFFA7B2DB9848FA1DE6B3.text	9C052F2FFFAAFFA7B2DB9848FA1DE6B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Choroterpes Eaton 1881	<div><p>Larval key to the known species of subgenus Choroterpes in India</p> <p>1. Gill 1 single (Fig. 13).................................................................................. 2</p> <p>- Gill 1 double (Fig. 17; Selvakumar et al. 2015)........................................... Choroterpes (C.) petersi</p> <p>2. Upper and lower lamellae of gills 2–7 broad (Figs 13–16; Selvakumar et al. 2017)............... Choroterpes (C.) kaegies</p> <p>- Upper and lower lamellae of gills 2–7 not broad (Figs 14–16)..................... Choroterpes (C.) andamanensis n. sp.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C052F2FFFAAFFA7B2DB9848FA1DE6B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vasanth, M.;Subramanian, K. A.;Selvakumar, C.;Kubendran, T.;Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.	Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C., Kubendran, T., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. (2021): Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970. Zootaxa 5076 (1): 56-70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.7
9C052F2FFFABFFABB2DB9FC4FDC4E732.text	9C052F2FFFABFFABB2DB9FC4FDC4E732.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Edmundsula meghamalaiensis Vasanth, Subramanian & Selvakumar 2021	<div><p>Edmundsula meghamalaiensis Vasanth, Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 17–37)</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: ♀ immature larva, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Theni district, Suruli colony, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.34261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.59167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.34261/lat 9.59167)">Upper</a> Manalar stream; 09.59167 N, 077.34261 E; Alt. 1530 m; 03.iii.2019, coll. M. Vasanth (Reg. No. I /E/433). Paratypes: 10 larvae (Reg. No. I /E/434), same data as holotype; 14 larvae, Kerala, Trivandrum district, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.1939&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.67741" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.1939/lat 8.67741)">Pandipath</a> stream; 08.67741 N, 077.19390 E, Alt. 1326 m; 19.i.2019, coll. M. Vasanth (Reg. No. I /E/435).</p> <p>Mature larva. Length: body 8.5–9.0 mm; antennae 3.2–3.5 mm; cerci 6.5–7.0 mm; paracercus 7.2–7.5 mm. General coloration dark brownish yellow (Fig. 17).</p> <p>Head. Dark brown, washed with pale yellow. Upper portion of male compound eye reddish, lower portion black. Antennae white. Labrum (Figs 18–19): dorsum with two rows of thin, long setae; anterior region with a row of feather like setae ventrally; anteromedian emargination with moderate ‘V’ shaped cleft and without denticles. Hypopharynx (Fig. 20): lingua with well developed lateral process; anterior margin deeply cleft; superlingua with a row of setae on anterior margin. Mandibles: (Figs 21–22) translucent, with dark brown incisors and molars; lateral margins with scattered setae, inner incisor slightly longer than outer one. Maxilla (Fig. 23): segments I– III of palp equal in length, apical segment not tapering at apex. Labium (Figs 24–25): palps 3-segmented, segments II – III narrower, with row of thick setae on dorsal margin of third segment; outer and inner margins of palp with row of long and pointed setae; segment I slightly longer than segment II, segment III shorter than segment II, tapering at apex.</p> <p>Thorax. Pale yellowish brown, irregularly washed with dark brown; pronotum with lateral margins white; dark brownish with diffuse hypodermal markings. Legs: brownish yellow; coxae brown; outer surface of all femora with long, thick and thin setae; dorsal surface of foreleg with short stout setae as a group in the distal region; pale macula on distal end (Fig. 26); femur of midleg moderately developed with numerous short stout setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 27); dorsal surface of hindfemora with numerous short stout setae (Figs 28–29). Fore and mid tibia with thick feathered setae and long stout setae; hind tibia with thick feathered setae (Fig. 30). Claws with denticles, progressively larger from the middle, apical denticle much larger (Fig. 31).</p> <p>Abdomen. Terga I–X dark yellowish brown with diffuse hypodermal markings; terga I– VI with yellowish streaks laterally; terga IV–IX with posteriolateral spines, progressively larger posteriorly, spines on terga VII–IX pointed (Fig. 36). Gills on segments I–VII; gill I slender and lanceolate with branched tracheae; dorsal and ventral portions of lamellae of gills II –VII wider, long and smoothly tapered at apex (Figs 32–35). Subanal plate deeply cleft in male and female larva (Figs 36–37). Paracercus longer than cerci; caudal filaments with whorl of setae on alternate segments, setae shorter than length of corresponding segment.</p> <p>Adult. Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Meghamalai WLS, Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India.</p> <p>Distribution. Southern Western Ghats, India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Edmundsula meghamalaiensis n. sp. can be distinguished from the previously described species, E. lotica Sivaramakrishnan 1985 by the following combination of larval characters: (i) anteromedian emargination of labrum with moderate ‘V’ shaped cleft and without denticles (Figs 18–19); (ii) segment I–III of maxillary palps shorter and apical segment not tapering at apex (Fig. 23); (iii) segment II–III of labial palp narrower and with a row of thick setae on the dorsal margin of third segment (Figs 24–25); (iv) distal region of dorsal surface of the foreleg with a group of short spines (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Habitat: Larvae of Edmundsula meghamalaiensis n. sp. inhabit first order (from 2–3 m wide) mountain stream (Manalar stream, 1530 m a.s.l.) of the Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Theni District, Tamil Nadu (Figs 58–59). The stream is characterized by medium water temperature (18–22°С at the time of sampling) and average current velocity. Larvae were collected from cobbles and pebbles where the new species was found with the larvae of the Baetis sp., Afronurus sp., Choroterpes sp. and Dudgeodes sp.</p> <p>Discussion: With an array of several plesiomorphic character states, Edmundsula is a genus of Gondwanian origin, presently the genus is endemic to southern peninsular India, which may have phylogenetic links with genera disjunctly distributed in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, South Africa and Australia. However, this requires in depth study through further exploration in respective areas. Furthermore, Sivaramakrishnan (1985) suggested a tenuous link of Edmundsula Sivaramakrishnan 1985 with Neozephlebia Penniket 1961 from New Zealand due to the dorsolateral expansion of the glossae in both the genera. Dense rows of setae on the outer margins of fore and middle legs in Edmundsula Sivaramakrishnan 1985 and in Indialis Peters &amp; Edmunds 1970, another genus endemic to southern India apparently show relationship established the genus Sangpradubina from Thailand as pointed out by Boonsoong &amp; Sartori (2016); Kluge (2020) recognized to given the morphological notes of femoral and tibial setation of genus Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 from Panama and Peru. These phylogenetic riddles can only be solved when combined morphological and molecular studies of both larval and respective alate stages of all these Gondwanan genera with intensified international collaboration.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C052F2FFFABFFABB2DB9FC4FDC4E732	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vasanth, M.;Subramanian, K. A.;Selvakumar, C.;Kubendran, T.;Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.	Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C., Kubendran, T., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. (2021): Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970. Zootaxa 5076 (1): 56-70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.7
9C052F2FFFA6FFAFB2DB99EDFD95E670.text	9C052F2FFFA6FFAFB2DB99EDFD95E670.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaglena agasthiya Vasanth, Subramanian & Selvakumar 2021	<div><p>Megaglena agasthiya Vasanth, Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 38–56)</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: male larva, INDIA, Kerala, Trivandrum district, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.1939&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.67741" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.1939/lat 8.67741)">Pandipath</a> stream, 8.67741° N, 77.19390° E; Alt. 1326 m; 19.i.2019, coll. M. Vasanth (Reg. No. I /E/436). Paratypes: 5 larvae, same data as holotype (Reg. No. I /E/437).</p> <p>Mature larva. Length: body 12.5–13.5 mm; antennae 2.6–3.0 mm; cerci 6.5–7.0 mm; paracercus 7.2–7.5 mm. General coloration yellowish brown (Figs 38–39).</p> <p>Head. Brown, washed with yellow. Upper portion of eyes conspicuously large and red (Fig. 38). Antennae pale yellow. Labrum (Figs 41–42): deep ‘U’ shaped cleft on anteromedian emargination with blunt crenation on either side; dorsum with two rows of setae; length of labrum ½ times of width. Hypopharynx (Fig. 43): lingua with well developed lateral processes, with anterior margin cleft; superlingua with row of setae on anterior margin. Mandibles (Figs 44–45): translucent, incisors and molars dark brown; scattered setae and tuft of setae laterally, inner incisor longer than outer one. Maxilla (Fig. 46): Segment I of maxillary palp longer than segment II, segment II shorter than segment III, segments I and III subequal in length, segment III with long setae at apex; outer margin of segment II with long setae; inner margins of segments II and III with short setae. Labium: palps 3-segmented, segment I broader with thick lateral setae, segments II and III subequal in length, segment III tapering at apex with a row of 5 conspicuous setae on the dorsal surface (Fig. 47).</p> <p>Thorax. Pale yellowish brown, irregularly washed with dark brown; lateral margins of pronotum pale yellow with diffuse black markings (Fig. 38). Legs pale yellow; coxae brown; all femora with large mesal macula dorsally. Foreleg (Fig. 48): outer surface of femur with rows of thick and scattered hair-like setae; inner surface with two rows of small stout setae, four prominent stout setae directed towards the distal end; inner surface of tibia with thick setae. Midleg (Fig. 49): dorsal surface of femur with 3 rows of short thick setae; row of short stout setae on midline; inner surface with two rows of small stout setae; tibia with rows of short setae. Hindleg (Fig. 50): femur with median brown macula on outer surface, with rows of thick and scattered hair-like setae; dorsal surface with 3 rows of short setae; inner surface with two rows of small setae; inner surface of tibia with thick setae; outer surface with few hairlike setae. Claws with 7–10 denticles which progressively increase in size apically (Fig. 51).</p> <p>Abdomen. Terga I–X yellowish brown with black posterior margins; terga I–X with yellowish stripe medially; posterolateral spines on abdominal segments IV–IX progressively larger posteriorly, segments VII–IX with pointed spines (Fig. 39–40). Gills on segments I–VII; gill I slender, lanceolate and bifid without branched tracheae; gills IV– VI broader from the base to middle, tapering distally (Figs 52–53). Subanal plate deeply cleft (Figs 55–56). Terminal filament longer than cerci; caudal filaments with setae of each segment, shorter than length of corresponding segment.</p> <p>Adult: Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology: This species is named after the mythological Hindu sage Agasthya, who is believed to reside in the hills of the Southern Western Ghats from where the type specimens were collected. Treat as noun in apposition.</p> <p>Distribution: Peppara wildlife sanctuary, Kerala, India.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Megaglena agasthiya n. sp. can be differentiated from the only species, M. brincki Peters &amp; Edmunds (1970) from Sri Lanka by the following character: (i) hind femur with dark band at mid length (Fig. 50), in contrast to M. brincki, which has dark band subapically (Peters &amp; Edmunds 1970).</p> <p>Habitat: Larvae of Megaglena agasthiya n. sp. inhabit a small (from 2–3 m wide) mountain stream (Pandipath stream) which is typical in the upper mountain zone (up to 1320 m a.s.l.) of the Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Trivandrum District, Kerala (Fig. 60). The stream is characterized by medium water temperature (18–20°С at the time of sampling), average current velocity and sandy bottom with leaf litter. The new species were found with the larvae of the Choroterpes sp., Baetis sp. and Dudgeodes sp.</p> <p>Discussion: Genus Megaglena was established by Peters &amp; Edmunds (1970) based on collections of larvae and adults from several localities in Sri Lanka during Swedish Ceylon expedition from Lund University Sweden in 1962. Peters &amp; Edmunds (1970) has given diagnostic generic features of Megaglena Peters &amp; Edmunds 1970 based on study of larvae and respective adults collected from the same locality. The present description of Megaglena agasthiya n. sp. from southern Western Ghats streams in Kerala state of India is extension of the generic range north of Sri Lanka in adjacent southern India. Interestingly, presence of a row of setae interspersed with spines on the outer margins of fore femora is a character shared with Edmundsula Sivaramakrishnan 1985 of southern India and Sangpradubina Boonsoong &amp; Sartori 2016 of Thailand. The phylogenetic relationships of Gondwanan atalophlebiid genera can be understood only when integrated morphological and molecular studies of this cluster of genera are undertaken as pointed already.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C052F2FFFA6FFAFB2DB99EDFD95E670	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vasanth, M.;Subramanian, K. A.;Selvakumar, C.;Kubendran, T.;Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.	Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C., Kubendran, T., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. (2021): Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970. Zootaxa 5076 (1): 56-70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.7
