taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E3640FFF8FFFEED3902982AA1989F8.taxon	description	(FIGS 3 – 4) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 99722309 - 6744 - 4 BE 2 - 9 C 5 C-F 85 BDDEF 6 C 68. Type species: † Cretocantharis veda. Diagnosis: Body small (c. 2.5 mm) (Fig. 3); eyes large, hemispherically prominent (Fig. 4 A, B); apical maxillary palpomere bilaterally symmetric, securiform; mandibles simple, without tooth on the inner margin; antennae filiform, pedicel and antennomere 3 subequal in length (Fig. 3 A). Pronotum subquadrate, parallel-sided, with a shallow median groove (Fig. 4 C). Elytra slightly shortened, disc deeply punctate and reticulate, with longitudinal costae and inconspicuous cells (Fig. 4 D). Legs elongate, with lobed tarsomere 4 and simple claws (Figs 3, 4 F). Etymology: The name is composed of the prefix Creto derived from the Cretaceous and the Greek word κάνθαρισ, a beetle, derived from the genus Cantharis Linnaeus, 1758, type of Cantharidae. Gender: feminine.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF8FFFEFD0AA2E94ABB98D4A.taxon	description	General characteristics: Body small (2.6 – 6.0 mm); head prognathous to slightly deflexed (Figs 4 A, B, 6 A, B, 8 A, B); frontoclypeal suture absent; eyes large, hemispherically prominent; apical maxillary and labial palpomeres bilaterally symmetric, securiform; mandibles usually toothed (Figs 6 A, 8 A, B), sometimes simple (Fig. 4 A, B); gular sutures close, nearly confluent (Supporting Information, Fig. S 1 A – C); antennae 11 - segmented. Pronotum simple, not elaborately sculptured, without lateral glandular pores (Figs 4 C, 6 C, 8 D); mesopreepisternum contiguous; metaventrite with midline long, complete or near so, and branched. Elytra entirely covering abdomen (Fig. 5) or shortened in various degree, with abdomen and hindwings partially exposed (Figs 3, 7); disc usually deeply punctate, sometimes forming coarse reticulation (Figs 4 D, 6 D), or sometimes smooth (Fig. 8 D). Tibial spurs usually present, rarely absent. Abdomen with large lateral eversible glandular pores (Supporting Information, Fig. S 1 L); ventrite 7 of male with apical margin usually entire or concave (Figs 4 E, 8 F), sometimes deeply emarginate; ventrite 8 of male symmetrical, forming narrow, elongate process. Aedeagus symmetrical (Figs 4 E, 8 F). Ovipositor with paired well-developed palpiform gonostyli (Fig. 6 E).	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF8EFFE9D1362910A81A8E73.taxon	description	(FIGS 3 – 4) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: F 66 A 3 FAF-BC 8 E- 4101 - A 63 D- 93 BC 3 A 93 D 112. Type material: Holotype: Male; no. CNU 008029; earliest Cenomanian, Hukawng Valley, northern Myanmar; deposited in the Key Laboratory of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University in Beijing, China. Diagnosis: As for the genus. Description: Male. Body 2.6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, parallel-sided, densely pubescent. Body yellowish brown, with dark brown head and elytra (Fig. 3). Head (Fig. 4 A, B) 0.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide. Vertex smooth, flat. Eyes large, hemispherically prominent, with fine facets, interocular distance 0.6 times maximum eye diameter. Anterior margin of clypeus straight, frontoclypeal suture absent. Labrum subquadrate, membranous, exposed. Gular sutures close, nearly confluent. Mandibles elongate, strongly curved at apical fourth, with smooth margins. Apical segments of maxillary palpi and labial palpi flattened, securiform. Antennae (Fig. 3 A) filiform, 11 - segmented, extending to half of elytral length; scape slender, widened apically; pedicel and antennomere 3 cylindrical, subequal in length; antennomeres 4 – 11 slightly compressed; relative lengths of antennomeres 3 – 11: 1.0: 2.1: 2.0: 2.2: 2.2: 2.3: 2.2: 2.2: 2.3. Pronotum (Fig. 4 C) 0.6 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, subquadrate. Anterior and posterior margins arcuate, lateral margins subparallel; disc slightly convex, with a shallow longitudinal median groove. Scutellum parallel-sided, straight at apex. Elytra (Figs 3 A, 4 D) 1.9 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, parallelsided, narrower posteriorly; each elytron with three longitudinal costae, stouter at humeral portion; costal interspaces with inconspicuous cells; hindwing well-developed, partially exposed beyond elytra. Abdomen (Fig. 3 B) weakly sclerotized, with eight ventrites; first six segments broad, as wide as elytra; last two segments (Fig. 4 E) narrower, ventrite 7 with apical margin concave, ventrite 8 with apical margin moderately emarginate. Aedeagus (Fig. 4 E) partially exposed, with pair of slender processes curved dorsally, process widened apically, with pointed apex. Legs (Figs 3, 4 F) slender; profemur length 0.6 mm, mesofemur 0.6 mm, and metafemur 0.7 mm; tibiae slender, nearly straight, with pair of tibial spurs, protibia length 0.7 mm, mesotibia 0.7 mm, and metatibia 0.9 mm; tarsal formula 5 - 5 - 5; tarsomeres 1 – 3 simple, tarsomere 1 as long as combined length of tarsomere 2 and 3; tarsomere 4 bilobed; claws simple, with minute dent at base.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF8EFFE9D1362910A81A8E73.taxon	description	Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Véda (‘ the knowledge’), a collection of poems composed in archaic Sanskrit by Indo-European-speaking peoples who lived in north-west India during the 2 nd millennium BCE. We chose this name to refer to its discovery bringing invaluable knowledge to the palaeontology of Cantharidae. It is a noun in apposition.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF89FFE9D1362981ADF08AFA.taxon	description	(FIGS 5 – 6) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: FAB 17477 - 85 E 4 - 4 D 7 D- 95 C 9 - 895 FFCD 9 E 9 B 5. Type species: † Palaeocantharis panna. Diagnosis: Body small-sized (c. 6.0 mm) (Fig. 5); eyes small, hemispherically prominent; head distinctly constricted behind eyes (Fig. 6 A, B); apical maxillary palpomere bilaterally symmetric, securiform; mandibles unidentate on the inner margin; antennae serrate (Fig. 5 A). Pronotum circular-shape, with pair of longitudinal median grooves (Fig. 6 C). Elytra completely developed, with strongly elevated humeri and distinct reticulation (Fig. 6 D). Legs elongate, with lobed tarsomere 4 and simple claws (Figs 5, 6 F). Etymology: The name is composed of the prefix Palaeo - from Greek Παλαιό, old, and the Greek word κάνθαρισ, a beetle, derived from the genus Cantharis, type of Cantharidae. Gender: feminine.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF89FFE8D3BF2C1BA8348C8A.taxon	description	(FIGS 5 – 6) Zo obank regi stra ti on: urn: ls id: zoo bank. org: act: A 9078 EA 3 - 6759 - 42 E 4 - A 667 - D 1 E 9 A 6 E 77 C 33. Type material: Holotype: Female; no. CNU- COL-MA- 0019; earliest Cenomanian, Hukawng Valley, northern Myanmar; deposited in the Key Laboratory of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University in Beijing, China.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF89FFE8D3BF2C1BA8348C8A.taxon	description	Diagnosis: As for the genus. Description: Female. Body 5.8 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, parallel-sided, densely covered with suberect pubescence. Body yellowish brown, with abdomen lighter in colour (Fig. 5). Head (Fig. 6 A, B) 0.9 mm long, 1.1 mm wide. Vertex smooth, shallowly depressed. Eyes small, hemispherically prominent, with fine facets, interocular distance 1.8 times maximum eye diameter. Anterior margin of clypeus arcuate, frontoclypeal suture absent. Labrum membranous, partially exposed. Gular sutures close, nearly confluent. Mandibles slender, strongly curved, with a sharp tooth at two thirds of inner margin. Apical segments of maxillary palpi and labial palpi flattened, securiform. Antennae (Fig. 5 A) serrate; scape slender, widened apically; pedicel short, cylindrical; antennomeres 3 – 6 triangular; relative lengths of antennomeres 3 – 6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.4: 1.4. Pronotum (Fig. 6 C) 1.2 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, circular-shape. Anterior and lateral margins arcuate, posterior margin almost straight; disc densely punctate, with pair of shallow longitudinal grooves at basal half. Scutellum parallelsided, straight at apex. Elytra (Figs 5 A, 6 D) 3.9 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, parallel-sided, densely pubescent, with distinctly elevated humeri; lateral margins of elytra slightly elevated, with complete epipleuron; each elytron with eight longitudinal costae; costal interspaces with row of rounded cells; hindwing well-developed, completely concealed beneath elytra. Abdomen (Fig. 5 B) weakly sclerotized, with seven ventrites; first five segments broad, as wide as elytra; last two segments (Fig. 6 E) narrower, extending beyond elytra, apical tergite bilobed, ventrite 7 abruptly narrower distally, emarginate at apex. Female genitalia (Fig. 6 E) retracted within abdomen, with pair of palpiform gonostyli exposed. Legs (Figs 5, 6 F) slender; profemora strongly dilated, meso- and metafemora elongate, profemur length 0.9 mm, mesofemur 1.2 mm, and metafemur 1.9 mm; tibiae slender, nearly straight, with paired tibial spurs, protibia length 0.9 mm, mesotibia 1.5 mm and metatibia 2.0 mm; tarsal formula 5 - 5 - 5; tarsomeres 1 – 3 simple, tarsomere 1 longer than two times length of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 4 bilobed; claws simple, with minute dent at base. Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from paññ ā, ‘ wisdom’ in the Pali language and a Buddhist term described as the understanding of the true nature of phenomena. We chose this name because the discovery of this species provided an insight into the palaeontology of Cantharidae. It is a noun in apposition.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF88FFE8D1222BFFAD5F8C49.taxon	synonymic_list	Type species: † Hukawngichthyurus kyawkhaingwini Fanti & Ellenberger, 2018: 202.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF88FFE8D1222BFFAD5F8C49.taxon	diagnosis	Emended diagnosis (after Fanti & Ellenberger, 2018): Body small-sized (c. 3.0 mm); rostrum small; apical maxillary palpomere with apex straightly-truncated; antennae filiform, with pedicel short, stout and moniliform, central antennomeres (3 – 6) stout, and the remaining antennomeres filiform, extending to elytral midlength. Pronotum transverse, with large depression on the disc anteriorly. Elytra distinctly shortened, with caudal segments and hindwings largely exposed; disc smooth. Abdomen with caudal segment distinctly furcate, fishtail-shaped.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
03E3640FFF88FFEBD3BD2B54AA668C7D.taxon	description	(FIGS 7 – 8) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 3 F 289 BBE- 89 FF- 414 D- 965 C- 691 C 8 E 06 EC 3 F. Type material: Holotype: Male; no. YL-COL 00001; earliest Cenomanian, Hukawng Valley, northern Myanmar; deposited in the Museum of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Diagnosis: It can be distinguished from its congener by the head with distinct setae (Fig. 8 A, B) (without setae in H. kyawkhaingwini); thick scape and enlarged antennomere 3 – 6 (Fig. 8 C) (scape thin and elongate and antennomere 3 – 5 stout, only slightly enlarged in H. kyawkhaingwini); apical tergite moderately developed, with obtuse apex (Fig. 8 E) (strongly developed, with acute apex in H. kyawkhaingwini); tibial spurs present (Fig. 8 G) (absent in H. kyawkhaingwini). Description: Male. Body 3.0 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, parallel-sided, densely and finely pubescent, with pubescence distinct in head. Body yellowish brown, with dark brown elytra (Fig. 7). Head (Fig. 8 A, B) 0.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Vertex finely wrinkled and with setae, slightly convex, slightly narrowed behind the eyes. Eyes large, hemispherically prominent, with fine facets, interocular distance 2.2 times maximum eye diameter. Anterior margin of clypeus somewhat concave, frontoclypeal suture absent. Labrum subquadrate, membranous, exposed. Gular sutures close, nearly confluent. Mandibles elongate, strongly curved at apical fourth, with a tooth on inflexed outer margin. Apical segment of maxillary palpi flattened, elongate, securiform, with apex straight-truncated; apical labial palpomere triangular. Antennae (Fig. 8 C) filiform, with central antennomeres enlarged, 11 - segmented, extending to half of elytral length; scape thick, widened apically; pedicel short, stout, moniliform; antennomere 3 – 6 stout, enlarged, subequal in length, longer than pedicel; antennomeres 7 – 11 filiform; relative lengths of antennomeres 3 – 11: 1.0: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.2. Pronotum (Fig. 8 D) 0.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, transverse. Anterior margin slightly arcuate, posterior margin slightly concave, lateral margins narrowed apically in anterior half; disc irregular, with a large depression anteriorly. Scutellum narrowed apically, truncate at apex. Elytra (Figs 7 A, 8 D) 2.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, subparallelsided, somewhat narrowed before the middle, rounded at apex; elytra smooth; hindwing well-developed, exposed beyond elytra. Abdomen (Fig. 7 B) weakly sclerotized, with eight ventrites; first six segments broad, as wide as elytra; last two segments (Fig. 8 E, F) narrower, apical tergite (Fig. 8 E) distinctly furcate, ventrite 7 (Fig. 8 F) with apical margin straight, ventrite 8 tapered apically, forming narrow, elongate process. Aedeagus (Fig. 8 F) partially exposed, with pair of slender ventral processes, curved outwards. Legs (Fig. 8 G) short; profemur length 0.9 mm, mesofemur 0.9 mm, and metafemur 0.9 mm; tibiae slender, nearly straight, with pair of tibial spurs, protibia length 0.7 mm, mesotibia 0.7 mm, and metatibia 0.8 mm; tarsal formula 5 - 5 - 5; tarsomeres 1 – 3 simple, tarsomere 1 as long as combined length of tarsomere 2 and 3; tarsomere 4 bilobed; claws simple, with minute dent at base. Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from m ā h ā, ‘ great or noble’ in Sanskrit, referring to the discovery of this species being a great contribution to the palaeontology of Cantharidae. It is a noun in apposition. Remarks: This species is closely related to H. kyawkhaingwini with which it shares the small body size, the head shape with the small rostrum, the apical maxillary palpomere with straight-truncated apex, the filiform antennae with the short, stout and moniliform pedicel and the stout central antennomeres, the transverse pronotum, with large depression on the disc anteriorly, the smooth and distinctly shortened elytra, with largely exposed caudal segments and hindwings and the furcate caudal segment. Considering that only four minute differences are identified between H. kyawkhaingwini and H. maha, we place it in the genus Hukawngichthyurus, rather than propose a new genus.	en	Hsiao, Yun, Li, Yun, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong (2021): Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 1271-1293, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa184
