identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D91C87EB3538FFD95E8BF96AEC68FD7C.text	D91C87EB3538FFD95E8BF96AEC68FD7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Simplicaris Galassi & Laurentiis 2004	<div><p>SIMPLICARIS GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Parastenocarididae. Body vermiform, without clear demarcation between prosome and urosome; integument without surface pits, very feeble sclerotization. Hyaline frills of cephalothorax and somites bearing P2–P4 and abdominal somites plain. Female genital and first abdominal somites completely fused forming a genital double-somite. Anal operculum smooth. Caudal ramus cylindrical, elongate; with seven setae in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in body size, antennule, P3, P4 endopods and ornamentation of basis, and genital segmentation.</p> <p>Rostrum small, not defined at base. Antennule 7- segmented in female, with aesthetasc on segments 4 and 7; 8-segmented and haplocer in male, with geniculation between segments 6 and 7, and aesthetasc on segments 5 and 8. Antenna with allobasis; free distal endopodal segment with two lateral and five distal elements, two of them geniculate, the outermost distally crenulate. Antennary exopod well defined at base, bearing one seta. Mandibular palp 1-segmented, with two apical setae. Maxillule: praecoxal arthrite with three curved robust spines plus four anterior subterminal setae; one element inserted on an apparent peduncle (or pedestal segment); one element on coxal endite; basis with three naked setae, endopod and exopod absent. Maxilla: maxillary syncoxa with two endites, proximal one not defined at base, bearing one seta, distal endite well developed, with two apical elements, one of which apically crenulate, and subapical element; allobasis drawn out into a crenulate claw; endopod incorporated into allobasis or rudimentary, with two setae. Maxilliped well developed, subchelate; syncoxa unarmed, basis elongate, endopod represented by claw, with one accessory seta.</p> <p>P1, P2 and P4 with 3-segmented exopods in both male and female; exp-1 distinctly longer than segments 2 or 3, or as long as exp-2 and -3 combined. P1 basis without inner seta in both sexes; P2 and P4 basis without outer seta. P1: exp-1 with outer spine, exp-2 unarmed, exp-3 with two outer spines and two apical geniculate setae. Endopod 2-segmented; enp-1 unarmed, enp-2 with one apical geniculate seta and one spine. P2: exp-1 as long as exp- 2 and -3 combined, with one outer spine; exp-2 unarmed, exp-3 with one outer spine and two apical setae; endopod 1- segmented. Female P3 with two-segmented exopod and 1-segmented endopod. Male P3 transformed, basis with or without rudimentary endopod; when present, endopod reduced to a simple and short seta; basal outer seta well developed, exopod slender in which former segments 1 and 2 are fused, former proximal segment representing largest part of leg; former distal segment represented by a short part extended from the insertion of outer spine to the subterminal constriction, ending with rounded apophysis, outer subdistal spine representing outer spine of former proximal exopodal segment, not longer than apophysis. P4: exp-1 with one outer spine, exp-2 unarmed, exp-3 with one outer spine and one apical seta. Female endopod 1-segmented, male endopod transformed, ornamentation of basis consisting of two elements, located anterior to insertion of endopod. P5 absent in both sexes. P6 absent in the male; reduced in the female to form small genital operculum without any trace of armature.</p> <p>Type species. Simplicaris lethaea sp. nov.</p> <p>Other species. Parastenocaris veneris Cottarelli &amp; Maiolini, 1980 = Simplicaris veneris (Cottarelli &amp; Maiolini, 1980) comb. nov.</p> <p>Species incertae sedis. Parastenocaris hippuris Hertzog, 1938; Parastenocaris aedes Hertzog, 1938.</p> <p>Etymology. The generic name is derived from the Latin simplex, alluding to the reduction in the number of legs, the fifth leg being completely absent in both male and female; combined with the Greek caris (= shrimp).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D91C87EB3538FFD95E8BF96AEC68FD7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Galassi, Diana M. P.;Laurentiis, Paola De	Galassi, Diana M. P., Laurentiis, Paola De (2004): Towards a revision of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913: establishment of Simplicaris gen. nov. from groundwaters in central Italy and review of the P. brevipes-group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140 (3): 417-436, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00107.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00107.x
D91C87EB353BFFDD5ECFFC89EAC9FAA6.text	D91C87EB353BFFDD5ECFFC89EAC9FAA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Simplicaris LETHAEA 2004	<div><p>SIMPLICARIS LETHAEA SP. NOV.</p> <p>Material examined and type locality. Male (holotype), female (paratype), completely dissected and mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol, deposited in the Natural History Museum, London (reg. no NHM.2004.48 holotype; NHM.2004.49 paratype). Other paratypes: 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ deposited in the Natural History Museum, London. Other material: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ in the collection of D. Galassi (University of L’Aquila). The type specimens were collected from interstitial habitats of the Presciano Spring system (Capestrano, L’Aquila, central Italy), 150 cm below the spring bed, temperature 10.55∞C, electrical conductivity (25∞) 483 mS/cm, pH 7.28, dissolved oxygen 8.28 mg /L, sediment composed of gravel and coarse sand, 31.vii.1996, coordinates 42∞16¢05¢¢N, 13∞46¢56¢¢ E. One ♂ collected from interstitial habitat of the same spring, 150 cm below the spring bed, on the right side of the spring, temperature 11.88∞C, electrical conductivity (25∞) 489 mS/cm, pH 7.36, dissolved oxygen 8.42 mg /L, sediment composed of a large amount of particulate organic matter (13.63 mg /L), fine sand and silt, 28.vi.1996. One ♀ collected from interstitial habitat in the same spring system (Abate Spring), 150 cm below the spring bed, temperature 11.31∞C, electrical conductivity (25∞) 516 mS/cm, pH 7.36, dissolved oxygen 8.80 mg /L, sediment composed of fine sand, 18.ix.1996, altitude: 330 m a.s.l., coordinates 42∞16¢04¢¢N, 13∞47¢37¢¢E, coll. A. Marcheggiani, P. De Laurentiis &amp; D. Galassi.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male. Total body length of the holotype, measured from tip of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami, 279 mm (range: 260–304 mm, with mean of 284 mm based on eight individuals). Body vermiform, slender (Fig. 1A). Integument without surface pits, only feebly sclerotized. Hyaline frills of cephalothorax, somites bearing P2–P4 and urosome smooth. Integumental windows, located dorsally, rounded on cephalic shield and elliptical on abdominal somites, excluding anal somite. Cephalothorax and both thoracic and abdominal somites with cuticular ornamentation apparently represented by reduced number of paired sensilla (Fig. 1A). Anal somite with paired sensilla on dorsal side only (Fig. 1B). Anal operculum rounded, not protruding beyond insertion line of caudal rami. Caudal rami with complete setal pattern (seven setae) (Fig. 1B). Anterolateral accessory seta (I), anterolateral seta (II) and posterolateral seta (III) inserted on distal third of ramus. Outer terminal seta (IV) short (length seta/length caudal ramus: 0.42–0.46) and naked, inner terminal seta (V) plumose and long (length seta/length caudal ramus: about 3); terminal accessory seta (VI) slightly longer than outer terminal seta; dorsal seta (VII) inserted dorsomedially on distal third of caudal ramus, longer than setae IV and VI (length seta/length caudal ramus: about 1). Fine spinules located on ventral distal margin of caudal rami. One pore located ventrolaterally to insertion of setae I- III.</p> <p>Rostrum small, not defined at base; with two dorsal sensilla (Fig. 1A).</p> <p>Antennule (Fig. 1C) elongate, 8-segmented. Segment 1 with one ventral spinule row. Segment 2 longest. Segment 4 represented by small U-shaped sclerite. Segment 5 largest, sclerotized. Segment 7 prolonged into an apophysis with rounded tip. Armature formula: 1-[0], 2-[5 bare + 1 unipinnate], 3-[3], 4-[0], 5-[3 + (1 + ae)], 6-[0], 7-[0], 8-[7 + acrothek]. Apical acrothek consisting of two setae of different length and a slender, short aesthetasc. Aesthetasc on segment 5 very large, reaching far beyond distal segment of antennule.</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 1D): coxa unarmed; allobasis with two transverse spinule rows on inner margin; exopod 1-segmented, well-defined at base, bearing one unipinnate spine; free endopod with inner spinule row, armature consisting of two outer spines, two apical spines, two apical geniculate setae and one apically serrate seta; a row of spinules at outer corner.</p> <p>Mandible (Fig. 2A): coxal gnathobase elongate, cutting edge with two distally crenulate coarse teeth and row of smaller teeth; naked seta at dorsal corner. Mandibular palp uniramous, 1-segmented, with two apical setae.</p> <p>Maxillule (Fig. 2B): praecoxal arthrite well developed, rectangular, with three strong curved spines accompanied by four tiny, bare setae; one anterior surface seta inserted on a sort of peduncle. Coxal endite with one seta. Basis with three apical setae. Exopod and endopod absent.</p> <p>Maxilla (Fig. 2C): syncoxa with two endites. One setule inserted on proximal part of syncoxa. Proximal endite with one seta; distal endite with one naked and one distally crenulate setae, one flaccid seta subapically inserted. Allobasis drawn out into a strong claw, distally spinulose; endopod represented by two setae, subequal in length.</p> <p>Maxilliped (Fig. 2D): very large, as long as leg 1; subchelate. Syncoxa small and unarmed; basis elongate and slender, unarmed; endopod represented by distally unipinnate claw accompanied by short seta basally.</p> <p>P1–P2 and P4 with 3-segmented exopods. P1 with 2-segmented endopod; P2 and P4 with 1-segmented endopods. P3 transformed into a pincer-like structure. Intercoxal sclerites P1–P4 without ornamentation.</p> <p>P1 (Fig. 2E): coxa without ornamentation. Basis with one outer seta, with spinule row along outer margin and row of fine spinules between exopod and endopod. Exopod about as long as endopod: exp-1 with one long and slender unipinnate outer spine and three transverse spinule rows on outer margin; exp-2 about half as long as exp-1, unarmed, ornamentation represented by distal spinule row on outer margin; exp-3 only slightly longer than exp-2, with two unipinnate outer spines, and two geniculate setae apically, with two outer spinule rows. Endopod: enp-1 only slightly shorter than exp-1 and exp-2 combined; with two transverse spinule rows along outer margin, one spinule row near about middle of inner margin, and a terminal row of fine spinules; enp-2 about half as long as enp-1, with one apical unipinnate spine and one geniculate seta, one outer and one inner spinule row.</p> <p>P2 (Fig. 2F): coxa without ornamentation. Basis without outer seta, with spinule row along outer margin. Exopod elongate, exp-1 about as long as exp-2 and -3 combined; exp-1 with one bipinnate outer spine (densely spinulose along outer margin, and sparsely spinulose along inner margin), with two transverse spinule rows along outer margin, one spinule row distally and fine spinules around insertion of spine. Exp-2 unarmed; ornamentation consisting of one spinule row in distal third of outer margin and a terminal spinule row. Exp-3 about as long as exp-2, with one bipinnate outer spine and two subequal apical setae; all elements more densely spinulose along outer margin; one spinule row in distal third of outer margin and fine spinules around insertion of outer spine. Endopod 1-segmented, with one minute spinule in distal third of outer margin and three apical spinules, the medial one longer than the adjacent two.</p> <p>P3 (Fig. 2G): coxa with one row of spinules distally. Basis with long outer seta and one row of spinules along outer margin; one anterior surface-pore. Exopod 1-segmented; former exp-1 elongate and slender, inwardly curved, with two spinule rows on outer margin; inner margin with lobate expansion proximally; outer spine inserted close to the beginning of former exp-2; former exp-2 very short, ending with spinous apophysis with rounded tip. Endopod absent.</p> <p>P4 (Fig. 2H): coxa without ornamentation. Basis without outer seta, with spinule row along outer margin, with two curved outward articulated spinules, located near insertion of endopod. Exopod elongate, exp-1 about as long as exp-2 and -3 combined. Exp-1 with one bipinnate outer spine (densely spinulose along outer margin, and sparsely spinulose along inner margin), with two transverse spinule rows, one spinule row distally and fine spinules around insertion of outer spine. Exp-2 unarmed; ornamentation consisting of one spinule row in distal third of outer margin and a terminal spinule row. Exp-3 about as long as exp-2, with one bipinnate outer spine and one apical seta, both being more densely spinulose along outer margin; one spinule row in distal third of outer margin and fine spinules around insertion of outer spine. Endopod 1-segmented, terminal seta incorporated into segment.</p> <p>P5 and P6 absent.</p> <p>Female. Total body length from 302 to 365 mm, with mean of 324 mm based on five individuals. Habitus similar to male. No sexual dimorphism in body shape, morphology and ornamentation of cephalothorax, and caudal rami. Integumental windows located dorsally on the cephalic shield, on the anterior surface of the genital double-somite, and the second and third abdominal somites. Cephalic appendages identical in both sexes, excluding antennules. Urosome 5- segmented. Female genital and first abdominal somites completely fused forming genital doublesomite. Genital field located in anterior half of genital double-somite (Fig. 3A). Opercula well sclerotized, symmetrical, linear in shape and covering the copulatory pore (Fig. 3B).</p> <p>Antennule (Fig. 3C) elongate, 7-segmented. Segment 1 with one ventral spinule row. Segment 2 longest. Armature formula: 1-[0], 2-[3 bare + 1 unipinnate], 3-[4], 4-[1 + (1 + ae)], 5-[1], 6-[1], 7-[7 + acrothek]. Apical acrothek consisting of two setae of different length and a slender, short aesthetasc. Aesthetasc on segment 4 reaching midlength of distal segment of antennule.</p> <p>P2 (Fig. 3D): coxa without ornamentation. Basis without outer seta, with spinule row along outer margin. Exopod elongate, exp-1 about as long as exp-2 and -3 combined. Exp-1 with one bipinnate outer spine (densely spinulose along outer margin, and sparsely spinulose along inner margin), with two transverse spinule rows, one spinule row distally and fine spinules around insertion of outer spine. Exp-2 unarmed; ornamentation consisting of one spinule row in distal third of outer margin and a terminal spinule row. Exp-3 about as long as exp-2, with one bipinnate outer spine and two subequal apical setae; one spinule row along distal third of outer margin. Endopod 1-segmented, with two minute spinules in distal third of outer margin and four apical spinules.</p> <p>P3 (Fig. 3E): coxa without ornamentation. Basis with long outer seta, with spinule row along outer margin. Anterior surface-pore present. Exopod elongate, exp-1 about 1.5 times longer than exp-2. Exp-1 with one bipinnate outer spine (densely spinulose along outer margin, and sparsely spinulose along inner margin) with two transverse spinule rows, one spinule row distally and fine spinules around insertion of outer spine. Exp-2 with one bipinnate outer spine and one apical seta; one spinule row along distal third of outer margin and fine spinules around insertion of outer spine. Endopod 1-segmented, pointed at distal tip, with minute spinules in distal third.</p> <p>P4 (Fig. 3F): coxa without ornamentation. Basis without outer seta, with spinule row along outer margin. Exopod elongate. Exp-1 long, but shorter than exp-2 and -3 combined; one bipinnate outer spine (densely spinulose along outer margin, and sparsely spinulose along inner margin); two transverse spinule rows, one spinule row distally and fine spinules around insertion of outer spine. Exp-2 unarmed, with one spinule row in distal third of outer margin and a terminal spinule row. Exp-3 about as long as exp-2, with one bipinnate outer spine and one apical seta, one spinule row along distal third of outer margin and fine spinules around insertion of outer spine. Endopod 1-segmented, with three distal subequal setules.</p> <p>P5 absent. No trace of P6 armature.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name refers to the Latin adjective lethaea, derived from Lethe, a mythical spring in Hell.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D91C87EB353BFFDD5ECFFC89EAC9FAA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Galassi, Diana M. P.;Laurentiis, Paola De	Galassi, Diana M. P., Laurentiis, Paola De (2004): Towards a revision of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913: establishment of Simplicaris gen. nov. from groundwaters in central Italy and review of the P. brevipes-group (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenocarididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140 (3): 417-436, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00107.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00107.x
