identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039ACD45FF15FFEBFF17FBC8FA49FC1A.text	039ACD45FF15FFEBFF17FBC8FA49FC1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipulosina Yau & Marshall 2021	<div><p>Stipulosina Yau &amp; Marshall new genus</p> <p>Type species: Stipulosina amphibarba new species</p> <p>Generic diagnosis. Stipulosina species are characterized by two pairs of cruciate interfrontal setae, two pairs of dorsocentral setae, four scutellar setae, sexually dimorphic mid tibia, and the costa extending far beyond the apex of R 4 +5. Males have a characteristic sternite 5 (S5) with a trifid posteromedial margin, and stout, bilaterally symmetrical hypandrial arms separate from both the epandrium and the central part (anterior apodeme) of the hypandrium.</p> <p>Generic description. Antenna to wing tip length 1.8–2.8 mm; wing fully developed, extending far beyond tip of abdomen and twice as long as wide. General color brown, legs mostly pale brown to yellowish (hind femur brown).</p> <p>Head: Face broad and flat, lunule broadly rounded and as wide as distal margin of pedicel. Clypeus narrow, strap-like. Palpus short, pale, with one or more preapical ventral setae. Eye 2.5–5× as high as gena; vibrissa long; gena with 1–3 upturned setae in addition to the small marginal setae, anterior genal seta longer than genal height. Antenna yellowish brown, margin of pedicel with long setae, arista long-pubescent and almost twice as long as head height. Frons with dark stripes surrounding base of interfronal setae, forming a M pattern more or less interrupted anteromedially. Interfrontal area broad, flanked by two pairs of cruciate interfrontal setae and a pair of small lower setulae. Fronto-orbital setae large and lateroclinate, lower pair about 0.7× upper pair, small exclinate orbital setulae present. Ocellar and outer vertical setae large and subequal; inner vertical seta very large; postocellar setae very small, inner and outer occipital setae large.</p> <p>Thorax: Prosternum linear, bare. Fore femur with several long, thin posterodorsal and ventral setae. Mid tibia of both sexes with a distinct ventral seta before middle and a long apicoventral seta; male mid tibia with a row of stout ventral setae on distal half and corresponding enlarged setae in the basal half of the femur. Hind leg with first tarsomere swollen, less than half as long as second, first and second tarsomeres densely golden setulose ventrally; hind tibia with neither a distinct apical spur nor enlarged dorsal setae; hind femur slightly to strongly swollen. Scutum pruinose, with two strong postsutural dorsocentral setae; prescutellar acrostichal setulae twice as long as other acrostichals. Postpronotal lobe with a single very large outer seta and a small inner seta; notopleural, supraalar and postalar setae strong, intra-alar slightly enlarged. Scutellum wider than long, with four long marginal setae. Katepisternum with one large dorsal seta and one or two very small setae.</p> <p>Wings with white to pale brown veins and a small, narrow, apically rounded alula. Vein R 2+3 weakly sinuate, apex strongly curving up to costa; R 4+5 evenly curved up to meet costa well before wing tip, costa extending far beyond apex. Ventral costagial seta long.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Sternite 5 short to long but always with a strongly developed tripartite posterior margin with a small, dark central process flanked by two larger setose lobes. Sternite 8 (S8) very short, fused to sternite 6+7 (S6+7) on right side. Subepandrial sclerite well developed, functionally replacing weak subanal plate. Cercus variable, short and fused to epandrium or sometimes more separate and elongate, but always with strong setae. Surstylus highly variable between species. Hypandrial arm free from main (medial) part of hypandrium and from epandrium. Phallic complex compact and heavily sclerotized.</p> <p>Female abdomen (female unknown for S. curvistylus): Tergite 7 (T7) half as wide as and slightly shorter than tergite 6 (T6), sometimes posteriorly emarginate. Tergite 8 (T8) entire, approximately equal in width to T7. Epiproct weakly sclerotized, bare. Cercus elongate, apically long-setose. Sternite 7 (S7) very large and well sclerotized, at least 1.5× length of sternite 6 (S6) and normally concealing S8. S8 short, strap-like with four setae. Hypoproct separated, on each side ventral to cerci and posterior to margins of T8. Three (2+1) small, short spermathecae, bodies no longer than wide.</p> <p>Etymology: The generic name is derived from a combination of the name of the structure in which these flies occur and the “-sina” suffix that has become usual for generic names in the Limosininae. The gender is feminine.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039ACD45FF15FFEBFF17FBC8FA49FC1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yau, Tiffany;Marshall, Stephen A.	Yau, Tiffany, Marshall, Stephen A. (2021): Stipulosina new genus (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae) from bamboo (Chusquea scandens stipules in Ecuador. Zootaxa 5072 (3): 255-277, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5072.3.3
039ACD45FF14FFEBFF17FC79FA5EF9BB.text	039ACD45FF14FFEBFF17FC79FA5EF9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipulosina Yau & Marshall 2021	<div><p>Key to the species of Stipulosina</p> <p>1) Eye height less than 3× genal height (Fig. 15c). Hind tibia with some enlarged dorsal setae on distal half; hind femur similar in color to hind tibia and weakly swollen, about twice the diameter of the tibia (Fig. 15a). Surstylus with a single long curved lobe with three stout preapical setae (Fig. 16a)................ Stipulosina curvistylus new species, known only from one male.</p> <p>- Eye height greater than 4× genal height (Figs. 6c, 9c, 12c). Hind tibia with only uniformly small dorsal setae; hind femur darker than hind tibia and conspicuously swollen, at least 3× the diameter of the hind tibia (Figs. 6a, 9a, 12a). Surstylus either broad and densely setose (Figs. 7a, 10a) or slender and deeply bifid (Fig. 13a), never curved with stout preapical setae.......... 2</p> <p>2) Proximal posterodorsal mid tibial seta small, 0.6× the length of anterodorsal seta at same level (Fig. 12e). Cercus reduced to posteroventral corner of epandrium but with conspicuously thick setae (Figs 13a, c). Subepandrial plate broad, triangular or T-shaped (Fig. 13c). Surstylus deeply cleft, U-shaped (Fig. 13d), with two long, narrow, sparsely setose ventral lobes............................................................................. Stipulosina ceroptistylus new species.</p> <p>- Proximal posterodorsal mid tibial seta large, 0.75× the length of anterodorsal seta at same level (Figs. 6e, 9e). Cercus separate, elongate and setose (Figs. 7c, 10d). Subepandrial plate somewhat X-shaped (Figs. 7c, 10d). Surstylus bilobed but not deeply cleft, but, densely setose at apices (Figs. 7a, b, 10a, b)........................................................ 3</p> <p>3) Male cercus longer than surstylus, setae at apex of cercus much longer than surstylar setae (Fig. 7a). Lateral margins of female T8 dilated, conspicuously longer than dorsal part of sclerite (Fig. 9c)............... Stipulosina amphibarba new species.</p> <p>- Male surstylus longer than cercus, setae on ventral margin of surstylus longer than setae on cercus (Figs. 10a, e). Lateral margins of female T8 only slightly dilated, not conspicuously longer than dorsal part of sclerite (Fig. 11c)...................................................................................... Stipulosina barbistylus new species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039ACD45FF14FFEBFF17FC79FA5EF9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yau, Tiffany;Marshall, Stephen A.	Yau, Tiffany, Marshall, Stephen A. (2021): Stipulosina new genus (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae) from bamboo (Chusquea scandens stipules in Ecuador. Zootaxa 5072 (3): 255-277, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5072.3.3
039ACD45FF14FFE7FF17F910FD9EFD6A.text	039ACD45FF14FFE7FF17F910FD9EFD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipulosina amphibarba Yau & Marshall 2021	<div><p>Stipulosina amphibarba Yau &amp; Marshall n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 6a–e, 7a–d, 8a–d)</p> <p>Description: Body length 2.0– 2.8 mm, males and females similar in size. General color brown but leg parts other than hind femur yellow. Eye height 5× genal height. Mid tibia with a pair of equal setae at basal quarter with posterodorsal seta at least half as long as anterodorsal seta; anterodorsal, dorsal and smaller posterodorsal setae at distal 3/4. Wing veins pale, whitish. Third costal sector subequal to second.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Sternite 5 with a prominent trifid posteromedial area made up of a small, distally bilobed central piece with a cluster of dense setae on each side; flanked by longer processes with a narrow, pointed outer margin; inner margin of process with a long-setose lobe. Sternite 5 length anterior to trifid posteromedial area subequal to length of S4. Epandrium with uniform setae. Cercus robust and conspicuously long-setose at apex, length 1.2–1.3× surstylus length. Surstylus stout and triangular; ventral lobe densely setose, dorsomedial lobe with thick tuft of setae (often hidden between/ behind posteromedial lobe of S5). Basiphallus broadly cylindrical; distiphallus very short and broad, mostly sclerotized except at apex. Postgonite stout, broad basally and tapered apically.</p> <p>Female abdomen:Tergite 8 desclerotized medially or just posteromedially; tergite length at margins 1.25× medial length of tergite. Epiproct half as long as cercus. Spermathecae smooth except few creases on dorsal surface.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♂, QCAZ): ECUADOR: Napo: SierrAzul Reserve, 14 km W Cosanga, 2200 m, in bamboo stipules, 11.v.2002, S.A. Marshall debu00195517.</p> <p>Paratypes: Same as holotype (9♂, 9♀, DEBU); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.88333/lat -0.6)">Yanayacu Biological Station</a>, 0°36’S, 77°53’W, 2000–2500 m, 25.ix–13.x.2019, T. Yau and S.A. Marshall (6♂, 8♀, QCAZ).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name refers to the bearded surstylus and cercus.</p> <p>Comments: Males of S. amphibarba and S. barbistylus are easily differentiated by the relative lengths of the large, heavily setose cerci and surstyli, which are usually visible even in dried specimens. Females of these two species are similar, but females of the closely related S. barbistylus (taken in copula with the easily identified male) have a T8 with dilated lateral margins. The remaining female specimens, with subequal medial and lateral lengths of T8, are assumed to be S. amphibarba.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039ACD45FF14FFE7FF17F910FD9EFD6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yau, Tiffany;Marshall, Stephen A.	Yau, Tiffany, Marshall, Stephen A. (2021): Stipulosina new genus (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae) from bamboo (Chusquea scandens stipules in Ecuador. Zootaxa 5072 (3): 255-277, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5072.3.3
039ACD45FF18FFE7FF17FCE8FE6AF9EE.text	039ACD45FF18FFE7FF17FCE8FE6AF9EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipulosina barbistylus Yau & Marshall 2021	<div><p>Stipulosina barbistylus Yau &amp; Marshall n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 9a–e, 10a–g, 11a–d)</p> <p>Description: As described for S. amphibarba n. sp. except as follows:</p> <p>Male abdomen: Trifid posteromedial area with small clusters of setae on each side of center piece; longer processes flanking center piece long-setose on distal half inner margin. Cercus length 0.6–0.7× surstylus length. Ventral lobe of surstylus broad and flat, densely long-setose at distal half; dorsomedial lobe small, apex with a few stout setae followed by tight rows of setae along margin. Distiphallus cylindrical with dorsolateral edges strong and corrugated; apex membranous. Postgonite stout, broad basally and tapered apically.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Tergite 8 posteromedially desclerotized; medial and lateral lengths subequal. Length of epiproct 0.5× length of cercus. Spermathecae irregularly crinkled.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name refers to the dense “beard” of long distal setae on the surstylus.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♂, QCAZ): ECUADOR: Napo: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6819445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.93584/lat -0.6819445)">SierrAzul Reserve</a>, 14 km W Cosanga, 2200 m, 0°40’55”S, 77°56’9”W, in bamboo stipules, 11.v.2002, S.A. Marshall debu00195526.</p> <p>Paratypes: ECUADOR: Napo: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.88333/lat -0.6)">Yanayacu Biological Station</a>, 0°36’S, 77°53’W, 2000–2500 m, 25.ix–13.x.2019, T. Yau and S.A. Marshall (63♂, 55♀, QCAZ); same as previous specimens but the female and male were taken in copula (1♂, 1♂, QCAZ); ditto, ridge, ex. Chusquea scandens stipules (1♀, QCAZ); same as previous specimens but on Rhipidocladum racemiflorum (1♀, QCAZ).</p> <p>Comments: The one specimen of this species collected from Rhipidocladum racemiflorum is the only specimen of the genus known from a species of bamboo other than Chusquea scandens. That specimen was found on a stem rather than in a stipule and it is unlikely to represent a close association. The R. racemiflorum on which the specimen was found on was close to C. scandens, and no further Stipulosina specimens were found in an extensive search of nearby R. racemiflorum.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039ACD45FF18FFE7FF17FCE8FE6AF9EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yau, Tiffany;Marshall, Stephen A.	Yau, Tiffany, Marshall, Stephen A. (2021): Stipulosina new genus (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae) from bamboo (Chusquea scandens stipules in Ecuador. Zootaxa 5072 (3): 255-277, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5072.3.3
039ACD45FF18FFFEFF17F96CFCA1FD6A.text	039ACD45FF18FFFEFF17F96CFCA1FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipulosina ceroptistylus Yau & Marshall 2021	<div><p>Stipulosina ceroptistylus Yau &amp; Marshall n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 12a–e, 13a–f, 14a–d)</p> <p>Description: Body length 1.8–2.8 mm, females on average smaller than males. General color brown but leg parts other than hind femur yellow. Eye height 4.5–5.0× gena height. Mid tibia with an anterodorsal seta at basal quarter, the corresponding posterodorsal seta small and inconspicuous, less than a third as long as anterodorsal seta; anterodorsal, dorsal and smaller posterodorsal setae present at distal 3/4. Second and third costal sectors subequal.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Sternite 5 with a prominent trifid posteromedial area made up of a small, distally narrow central piece subtended by a cup-like lobe and flanked by longer processes with broad basal ventral lobe with long stout setae and a distal bare ventral lobe giving the apex a beak-like aspect; length anterior to trifid posteromedial area 0.5× length of S4. Epandrium with uniform setae. Surstylus deeply divided into elongate, narrow anterior and posterior ventrally directed lobes, both setose but posterior lobe much longer. Cercus small, slightly convex, with two long, stout setae. Ventral lobe of subepandrial sclerite rounded and short. Basiphallus broadly cylindrical, tapered to distiphallus; distiphallus basally cylindrical and heavily sclerotized, dorsally with a straight fork extending to apex of membranous distal portion, membrane finely spiculate ventrally. Postgonite stout, dark; very broad basally, sharply tapered on distal half.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Tergite 8 anteromedially desclerotized; T8 of uniform length. Epiproct three quarters as long as cercus. Spermathecae with scale-like pattern.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name refers to the deeply cleft surstylus, superficially similar to the surstylus of species in the genus Ceroptera Macquart.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♂, QCAZ): ECUADOR: Napo: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6819445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.93584/lat -0.6819445)">SierrAzul Reserve</a>, 14 km W Cosanga, 2200 m, 0°40’55”S, 77°56’9”W, in bamboo stipules, 11.v.2002, S.A. Marshall debu00195553.</p> <p>Paratypes: Same as holotype (4♂, 4♀, DEBU); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.88333/lat -0.05)">Yanayacu Biological Station</a>, 0°3’S, 77°53’W, 2000–2500 m, 25.ix–13.x.2019, T. Yau and S.A. Marshall (15♂, 15♀, QCAZ).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039ACD45FF18FFFEFF17F96CFCA1FD6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yau, Tiffany;Marshall, Stephen A.	Yau, Tiffany, Marshall, Stephen A. (2021): Stipulosina new genus (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae) from bamboo (Chusquea scandens stipules in Ecuador. Zootaxa 5072 (3): 255-277, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5072.3.3
039ACD45FF01FFFEFF17FCE8FB9BFA7E.text	039ACD45FF01FFFEFF17FCE8FB9BFA7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stipulosina curvistylus Yau & Marshall 2021	<div><p>Stipulosina curvistylus Yau &amp; Marshall n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 15a–e, 16a–f)</p> <p>Description, holotype male (left mid leg missing): Body length 2.3 mm. General color pale brown, femora and tibiae similarly pigmented. Eye height 2.5× genal height. Mid tibia with an anterodorsal seta at basal quarter and an anterodorsal, dorsal and posterodorsal setae at distal 3/4 (proximal anterodorsal area obscured on unique type). Wing veins yellowish brown, third costal sector 0.8× second costal sector.</p> <p>Abdomen: Sternite 5 dominated by a prominent trifid posteromedial area made up of a dark, broadly diamondshaped central piece flanked by very broad processes divided into inner and outer surfaces; inner surface densely microtrichose distally and basally with an inward pointed lobe anteroventrally bumpy and apically with a large, stout seta; length anterior to trifid posteromedial area 0.3× length of S4. Epandrium with two very large lateroventral setae. Cercus convex and rounded, with one long and several shorter setae. Subepandrial sclerite broad and well sclerotized. Surstylus comprising a single strongly curved lobe with three short, very stout preapical anterior setae. Basiphallus broadly cylindrical; distiphallus very short and quadrate, ventrally curved, forked, and pointy, dorsally perpendicularly bent then bilobed; apex with a finely spiculate membranous ventral surface. Postgonite stout, dark, sinuate, more or less parallel sided, bilobed apically.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name refers to the strongly curved surstylus.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♂, QCAZ): ECUADOR: Napo: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6819445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.93584/lat -0.6819445)">SierrAzul Lodge</a>, 14 km W Cosanga, 2200 m, 0°40’55”S, 77°56’9”W, in bamboo stipules, 10.v.2002, S.A. Marshall debu00195563.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039ACD45FF01FFFEFF17FCE8FB9BFA7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yau, Tiffany;Marshall, Stephen A.	Yau, Tiffany, Marshall, Stephen A. (2021): Stipulosina new genus (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae) from bamboo (Chusquea scandens stipules in Ecuador. Zootaxa 5072 (3): 255-277, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5072.3.3
