identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5E3B185CFFEBFFF6FF3FFA1A524BFC8D.text	5E3B185CFFEBFFF6FF3FFA1A524BFC8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loxosceles imazighen Ribera & Massa 2021	<div><p>Loxosceles imazighen Ribera &amp; Massa sp. n.</p> <p>Figures 3–5</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂ LX1994, Morocco: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.7851999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.030037" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.7851999/lat 32.030037)">Errachidia Province</a>, Kef Aziza Cave, near Boudenib, 1069 m.a.s.l., 32° 01’ 48.14” N, 03° 47’ 06.72” W, 10 February 2012 (Planas, E. &amp; Rodríguez, M. leg). Paratypes 1 ♀ LX1988 (female description is based in this specimen), same locality and data as holotype. 4 ♀ (LX1980, LX1981, LX1995, LX1999), 4 ♂ (LX1983–LX1986), 8 ♀ sub. (LX1982, LX1987, LX1989, LX1990, LX1992, LX1993, LX1996, LX1997) and 5 juvs. (LX1977–1979, LX1991, LX1998), same locality and data as holotype.</p> <p>Other material examined. MOROCCO: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.400339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.298899" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.400339/lat 31.298899)">Errachidia Province</a>: 1 ♀ (LX1974) and 2 ♀ sub. (LX1975, LX1976) near Rissani, 823 m. a.s.l., 31° 17’ 56.04” N, 04° 24’ 01.22” W, 9 February 2012 (Planas, E. &amp; Rodríguez, M. leg). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.7184389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.23812" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.7184389/lat 32.23812)">Figuig Province</a>: 1 ♀ (LX2000) and 2 juvs. (LX2001, LX2002), Jbel Maïz, near Figuig, 1295 m.a.s.l., 32° 14’ 17.23” N, 01° 43’ 06.38” W, 11 February 2012 (Planas, E. &amp; Rodríguez, M. leg); 1 ♀ sub. (LX2004) and 2 juvs. (LX2003, LX2005), near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.1138306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.09393" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.1138306/lat 32.09393)">Bouanane</a>, 979 m. a.s.l., 32° 05’ 38.15” N, 03° 06’ 49.79” W, 12 February 2012 (Planas, E. &amp; Rodríguez, M. leg); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.950611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.016989" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.950611/lat 31.016989)">Zagora Province</a>: 3 juvs. (LX1971–1973), Jbel Saghro, near Amguene n’Sfia, 1321 m.a.s.l., 31° 01’ 01.16” N, 05° 57’ 02.2” W, 8 February 2012 (Planas, E. &amp; Rodríguez, M. leg).</p> <p>Etymology. The name of this species refers to the Berbers peoples of North Africa. Many Berbers are called Imazighen (their singular is Amazigh), which means “free men”, to whom we dedicate this species. The species epithet is a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Loxosceles imazighen sp. n. differs from L. mrazig in the shape and proportions of the male palpal tibia (Figs. 3 B, D–E) and the shape and disposition of the seminal receptacles in females (Figs. 4 B–D, 5 A–F). In L. mrazig the male palpal tibia is short, oval, slightly longer than wide (0.63 long, 0.54 wide), almost circular, while in L. imazighen sp. n. the male palpal tibia is clearly longer than wide, sharply oval. (0.74 long, 0.54 wide). In females, L. imazighen sp. n. differs from L. mrazig by the shape and disposition of the vulva inner lobe (Figs. 4 B–D, 5). In the new species the inner lobe is approximately twice as long as the outer lobe while in L. mrazig the inner lobe is more than two-fold longer. In L. mrazig the basal part of the inner lobe is directed toward the center, then strongly curved and pointing ventrally. In L. imazighen sp. n. the basal part of the inner lobe is abruptly curved pointing apically and continues forming a sharp curve pointing ventrally. Both species can also be distinguished by the leg length/carapace length ratios (Fig. 8). In L. mrazig males and females show proportionally shorter legs than those of L. imazighen sp. n.</p> <p>Description. Male (Holotype LX1994). Left palp removed and conserved in a vial with specimen. Left legs I to IV detached and conserved in vials with specimen. Coloration: Carapace pale yellow, median groove, clypeus and pars cephalica slightly darkened. Dark V-mark not contacting in the posterior vertex of pars cephalica. Black eye tubercles (Fig. 3-A). Sternum pale yellow as the carapace. Chelicerae, labium and gnathocoxae reddish-brown, darkened in its distal part. Legs pale yellow with its apical segments slightly darkened and covered by short and long setae. Palp pale yellow and darkened in its apical segments. Opisthosoma pale yellow. Prosoma: Carapace slightly longer (3.13) than wide (2.79) (Fig. 3 A), truncated behind, widely rounded on sides, narrowed in front. Carapace evenly convex with short black setae. Fovea clearly visible. Larger setae or bristles in a single row on the side margin of the carapace pointing anteriorly. Pars cephalica elongated (2.11 long, 0.99 wide) slightly higher than the rest of the prosoma. Long setae forming seven parallel rows on the pars cephalica. Clypeus height 0.35. Eye sizes: ALE: 0.18, PME: 0.12, PLE: 0.19. Distance between ALE and PME 0.18. Sternum longer (1.73) than wide (1.37). Opisthosoma: Elongate oval in dorsal view (4.42 long, 2.62 wide), coated with short setae. Legs: leg formula 2 1 4 3; Leg 1 (27.96): femur 7.60, patella 1.20, tibia 8.72, metatarsus 8.97, tarsus 1.47; Leg 2 (30.32): femur 8.24, patella 1.17, tibia 9.59, metatarsus 9.78, tarsus 1.54; Leg 3 (23.58): femur 6.66, patella 1.13, tibia 6.58, metatarsus 7.92, tarsus 1.29; Leg 4 (26.69): femur 7.28, patella 1.01, tibia 7.52, metatarsus 9.38, tarsus 1.50. Legs covered by short and long thicker setae. Palp: 3.07 long. Femur cylindrical (1.30 long, 0.29 wide). Patella subglobular, slightly longer (0.39) than wide (0.34). Tibia (0.74 long, 0.54 wide) oval in dorsal view, paunchy ventrally, rounded more abruptly toward the patella than the tarsus. Tarsus (0.64 long), rounded apically, shorter than the tibia. Bulb (0.48 wide) globular, shorter than the tarsus. Bulb width more than two-fold wider than embolus base. Embolus long (0.74) and curved, slightly more pronounced at its mid-length, and displaying a sinuous curve in its apex (Fig. 3 C). Female (Paratype LX1988) Genitalia removed and conserved in a vial with specimen. Right leg II removed and conserved in a vial with specimen. Right leg IV missing. Coloration: Similar to male except for the carapace, which is slightly darkened, sternum yellowish, labium and gnathocoxae orange yellowish, darkened in its distal part. Legs subtly more yellowish than those of the male. Palps pale yellowish, slightly pale reddish in its apical segments. Prosoma: Carapace slightly longer (3.17) than wide (2.87). Pars cephalica 2.22 long, 1.00 wide (Fig. 4 A). Clypeus height 0.4. Eye sizes: ALE: 0.17, PME: 0.13, PLE: 0.17. Distance between ALE and PME 0.19. Sternum longer (1.70) than wide (1.39). Opisthosoma: Elongate oval in dorsal view (4.38 long, 2.50 wide). Legs: leg formula 4 2 1 3; Leg 1 (21.47): femur 6.13, patella 1.18, tibia 6.40, metatarsus 6.35, tarsus 1.41; Leg 2 (22.08): femur 6.34, patella 1.17, tibia 6.54, metatarsus 6.65, tarsus 1.38; Leg 3 (18.88): femur 5.59, patella 1.12, tibia 5.04, metatarsus 5.96, tarsus 1.17; Leg 4 (22.43): femur 6.29, patella 1.18, tibia 6.05, metatarsus 7.53, tarsus 1.38. Palp (3.62): femur 1.21, patella 0.38, tibia 0.81, tars 1.22. Vulva: as in Fig. 4 B–D). Genital opening connects to two large slightly rounded pouches sclerotized at the edges. Base of seminal receptacle conical and wide. Markedly reinforced laterally with a curved, dark, sclerotized band. Medium part short, slightly conical, curved toward the center and bifurcated in two lobes. The outer lobe is short and tapered or subglobular, pointing to the center, whereas the inner is approximately twice as long. Its basal part is directed toward the apically, strongly curved and pointing ventrally. Seminal receptacles separated at their closest point by more than the apical diameter of the outer lobe. Inner and outer lobe not touching each other by roughly the diameter of the outer lobe.</p> <p>Variability. Genital morphology shows variability in females (Fig. 5 A–F). The inner lobe can be wider as in LX1981, LX1974 (Fig. 5 A–B) and less abruptly curved as in LX1981 (Fig. 5 B–D). The outer lobe can be shorter and can point ventrally as in LX1981, LX1974 (Fig. 5 E–F). The outer lobe can be hidden by the inner lobe in a dorsal view as in LX1981 (Fig. 5 B).</p> <p>Distribution. Known for five localities in the provinces of Errachidia, Figuig and Zagora, located south of the Moroccan Atlas (Fig. 1B). This species ranges to the south of the Moroccan Atlas, from Figuig (1295 m.a.s.l.) near the Algerian border, to Amguene n’Sfia (1321 m.a.s.l.). This whole area is open to the warm and dry winds of the Sahara. The average annual precipitation is only 100 mm on the southern slope and 300 mm at the top of the mountain range. The landscape is very arid with plateaus, peaks and plains. The most common environment is the vast spaces of bare rocks. The specimens were collected between 623 and 1321 m.a.s.l. under stones and in caves. In the Anti-Atlas, the most southwestern part of the Atlas mountain range, this species has not been found, possibly due to this area having a high human activity and still preserving green valleys and true oases that are quite well irrigated and cultivated (e.g. Tafraute), which contrast strongly with the steppe and the arid landscape of the easternmost exposed slopes.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E3B185CFFEBFFF6FF3FFA1A524BFC8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Massa, Marc;Ribera, Carles	Massa, Marc, Ribera, Carles (2021): The Mediterranean species of genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 (Araneae Sicariidae): Loxosceles imazighen sp. n. from Morocco and first description of the female of L. mrazig Ribera & Planas, 2009 from Tunisia. Zootaxa 5071 (3): 326-348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.2
5E3B185CFFEEFFE8FF3FFCBD567DFED9.text	5E3B185CFFEEFFE8FF3FFCBD567DFED9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loxosceles mrazig Ribera & Planas 2009	<div><p>Loxosceles mrazig Ribera &amp; Planas, 2009</p> <p>Figs 7–10</p> <p>Loxosceles mrazig Ribera &amp; Planas, 2009: 222, f. 2–7; Duncan et al., 2010: 241, f. 3.</p> <p>Material examined. TUNISIA. Kebili Governorate (Province): 1 ♂ (Type) LX1054, Sakasa near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.044978&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.407436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.044978/lat 33.407436)">Douz</a>, 33° 24’ 26.77” N, 09° 02’ 41.92” E, 27 January 2007 (Múrria, C. leg). 1 ♀ sub. (LX2123) and 1 juv. (LX2124), Douz, 73 m. a.s.l., 33° 27’ 31.3” N, 09° 03’ 52.6” E, 7 March 2012 (Planas, E. leg) Gabès Governorate: 1 ♂ (LX2125), 6 ♀ (LX2126-2128), LX2131 (female description is based in this specimen) LX2132- LX2133), 1 ♀ sub. (LX2129) and 1 juv. (LX2130), Tamezret to Matmatat, 446 m. a.s.l., 33° 32’ 20.3” N, 09° 53’ 12.4” E, 7 March 2012 (Planas, E.). 1 ♀ (LX1052), Road near Akarit, 29 m. a.s.l., 34° 09’ 20.8” N, 09° 59’ 04.4” E, 24 March 2006 (López, A. &amp; Ribera, C. leg). 1 ♂ (LX1880) and 1 ♀ (LX1879), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.31874&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.58746" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.31874/lat 33.58746)">Arram</a>, 33° 35’ 14.856” N, 10° 19’ 7.464” E, 16 December 1999 (Bosmans, R. leg). Kasserine Governorate: 1 ♂ (LX2100), 1 ♀ (LX2102), 1 ♂ sub. (LX2099) and 1 ♀ sub. (LX2101), near El Ayoun, 972 m. a.s.l., 35° 36’ 01.8” N, 08° 56’ 47.2” E, 5 March 2012 (Planas, E. leg). 1 ♀ sub. (LX2103) and 2 juvs. (LX2105, LX2106), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.660389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.19925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.660389/lat 35.19925)">Djebel Chambi National Park</a>, 1269 m.a.s.l., 35° 11’ 57.3” N, 08° 39’ 37.4” E, 5 March 2012 (Planas, E. leg). Kairouan Governorate: 1 juv. (LX2090), Mina de La Mine, 900 m.a.s.l., 35° 56’ 50.0” N, 09° 34’ 51.5” E, 4 March 2012 (Planas, E. leg). Tozeur Governorate: 2 ♀ (LX2119, LX2120) and 2 juvs. (LX2121, LX2122), near Tamaqzah, 250 m.a.s.l., 34° 22’ 26.3” N, 07° 54’ 39.0” E, 6 March 2012 (Planas, E. leg). Gafsa Governorate: 4 ♂ (LX2108, LX2109, LX2111, LX2112), 2 ♀ (LX2107, LX2110) and 6 juvs. (LX2113–2118), Bou Omrane, 341 m. a.s.l., 34° 20’ 14.2” N, 09° 03’ 40.8” E, 6 March 2012 (Planas, E. leg). 1 juv. (LX1051), same locality, near Bou Omrane, 350 m.a.s.l. 34° 20’ 36.1” N, 09° 04’ 24.6” E, 26 March 2006 (López, A. &amp; Ribera, C. leg). 1 ♂ (LX1877), El Guettar, 34° 20’ 12.9” N, 08° 57’ 10.15” E, 2 March 2005 (Bosmans, R. leg). Médenine Governorate: 1 ♂ (LX1878), near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.484528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.573666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.484528/lat 33.573666)">Sidi Makhlouf</a>, 33° 34’ 25.2” N, 10° 29’ 04.3” E, 16 December 1999 (Bosmans, R. leg). 2 ♀ (LX1886, LX1887), near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.662&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.52975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.662/lat 33.52975)">Gighti</a>, 33° 31’ 47.1” N, 10° 39’ 43.2” E, 13 December 1999 (Bosmans, R. leg). 1 ♂ (LX1891). El Hallouf (El Modhar), 33° 16’ 16.248” N, 10° 07’ 49.497” E, 13 December 1999 (Bosmans, R. leg). Tataouine Governorate: 1 ♀ (LX2136) and 7 juvs. (LX2134, LX2135, LX2137–2141). Krerachfa, 392 m.a.s.l., 33° 11’ 33.4” N, 10° 14’ 07.3” E, 7 March 2012 (Planas, E. leg). ALGERIA. Djelfa Province: 7 ♂ (LX1892–1897, LX1900), 2 ♀ (LX1899, LX1902), 2 ♂ subs. (LX1898, LX1901) and 1 ♀ sub. (LX1903), Djebel Senalba, 705 m. a.s.l., 34° 33’ 50.562” N, 03° 02’ 09.495” E, 10 June 1989 (Bosmans, R. leg). Ghardaia Province: 2 ♂ (LX1882, LX1883) and 1 ♀ (LX1881), Beni Isguen, 906 m. a.s.l., 32° 28’ 26.6” N, 03° 41’ 45.3” E, 3 November 1989 (Bosmans, R. leg).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Loxosceles mrazig differs from L. imazighen sp. n. by the shape and proportions of the male palpal tibia and the shape of the seminal receptacles in females (Figs. 6–7). Both species can also be distinguished by the leg length/carapace length ratios (Fig. 8). In L. imazighen sp. n. males and females show proportionally longer legs than those of L. mrazig. In males of L. imazighen sp. n. the male palpal tibia is sharply oval, clearly longer than wide (0.74 long 0.54 wide), while in L. mrazig (Fig. 6 B, D–E) the male palpal tibia is oval and slightly longer than wide (0.63 long 0.54 wide) and almost circular. Females of L. mrazig can be distinguished of the other species of the genus, by the shape and disposition of their seminal receptacles (Figs. 7 B–D, 9, 10). L. mrazig differs from L. imazighen sp. n. by the shape and disposition of the inner lobe. In L. imazighen sp. n. the inner lobe is approximately twice as long as the outer lobe while in L. mrazig it is more than two-fold longer. In L. imazighen sp. n. the basal part of the inner lobe is abruptly curved pointing apically and continues forming a sharp curve pointing ventrally. In L. mrazig the basal part of the inner lobe is directed toward the center, then strongly curved and pointing ventrally.</p> <p>Remarks: for detailed male description see Ribera &amp; Planas 2009. Here we include the morphometric variability observed in the different males studied as a complement to the original description (see Tables 5, 6). As there were no females collected in the type locality, we have chosen for the description a female collected in the nearest to the point where the holotype was collected (TN9: Tamezret to Matmatat, approximately 80 Km from TN8: Douz) with individuals belonging to the same genetic clade as the holotype. Description. Female (LX2131). Genitalia removed and conserved in a vial with the specimen. Coloration: Carapace yellowish, median groove, clypeus and pars cephalica brownish. Dark V-mark not contacting at the vertex posteriorly on pars cephalica (Fig. 7 A). Carapace convex with short black setae. Median groove clearly visible. Eye tubercle black surrounded by an intense orange pigmented area. Chelicerae reddish-brown, slightly intense in its distal parts. Sternum pale yellowish. Labium and gnathocoxae reddish-brown. Legs and palp yellowish with apical segments reddish-brown and covered by short and long setae. Opisthosoma grayish-yellow. Prosoma: Carapace slightly longer (3.45) than wide (2.97), truncated behind, widely rounded on sides, narrowed in front and with dispersed short black setae (Fig. 7 A). Larger setae in a single row, pointing anteriorly, on the side margin of the carapace. Pars cephalica elongated (2.40 long, 1.18 wide) slightly higher than the rest of the prosoma and with larger setae forming seven parallel longitudinal rows. Clypeus height 0.41. Sternum longer (1.81) than wide (1.55). Eye sizes: ALE: 0.20, PME: 0.14, PLE: 0.19. Distance between ALE and PME 0.19. Opisthosoma: Oval, slightly elongated in dorsal view (6.16 long, 4.16 wide), coated with short black setae. Legs: leg formula 4 2 1 3; Leg 1 (17.80): femur 5.20, patella 1.16, tibia 5.17, metatarsus 5.05, tarsus 1.22; Leg 2 (18.48): femur 5.43, patella 1.17, tibia 5.27, metatarsus 5.38, tarsus 1.23; Leg 3 (15.95): femur 4.81, patella 1.13, tibia 4.13, metatarsus 4.84, tarsus 1.04; Leg 4 (18.57): femur 5.37, patella 1.17, tibia 4.94, metatarsus 5.83, tarsus 1.26. Palp (3.62): femur 1.22, patella 0.42, tibia 0.81, tarsus 1.17. Vulva: (Fig. 7 B–D). Base of seminal receptacle conical and wide, reinforced laterally with a wide, curved, dark, sclerotized band. Medium part very short, bifurcating toward the tip in two lobes. Outer lobe short and rounded, inner lobe at least twice as long as the outer. Inner lobe wide, inflated, his basal part abruptly curved, pointing centrally and continues forming a sharp curve pointing ventrally. Surface of the Inner lobe irregular and considerably asymmetrical.</p> <p>Variability. Genital morphology shows a wide variability in females. The inner lobe can be less rounded, its curvature can be less abrupt, it can hide the outer lobe in a dorsal view, and it can show some globular protuberances or have a smoother surface (Figs. 9–10). This species also shows morphometric variability in its segments and appendages, as well as in its leg formula (see Tables 7, 8).</p> <p>Distribution. Known for 14 localities in the governorates of Kebili, Kasserine, Tozeur, Gafsa, Gabés, Medenine, Tataouine and Kairouan in Tunisia (center, south and southeast of the country) and for two localities in the provinces of Djelfa and Ghardaia from Algeria (center and south of the country) (Fig. 1 B). This species is distributed throughout the arid territories of central Tunisia, and in those of the southern Tunisia with Saharan climate. In the center of the country the climate is arid with little rainfall. Further south the climate is typically Saharan. Although this species is abundant in areas with arid and Saharan climates, near the Mediterranean Sea, in the east of the country, L. rufescens is also found in ecosystems with human influence. The specimens from Algeria have also been collected in extremely arid areas. Quite possibly this species is distributed in a wide part of central and southern Algeria.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E3B185CFFEEFFE8FF3FFCBD567DFED9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Massa, Marc;Ribera, Carles	Massa, Marc, Ribera, Carles (2021): The Mediterranean species of genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 (Araneae Sicariidae): Loxosceles imazighen sp. n. from Morocco and first description of the female of L. mrazig Ribera & Planas, 2009 from Tunisia. Zootaxa 5071 (3): 326-348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.3.2
