identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7D6687F2FFD4FFA5BCA708BD63874E72.text	7D6687F2FFD4FFA5BCA708BD63874E72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia (sect. Casparya) Klotzsch (1854: 127) 1894	<div><p>Key to Begonia sect. Casparya in Colombia</p> <p>1. Flowers with white or pink tepals; tepals always free and spreading to slightly projecting..............................................................2</p> <p>- Flowers with tepals red or orange; tepals fused, or when free projecting and forming a campanulate perianth.............................19</p> <p>2. Staminate and pistillate flowers on separate inflorescence; fruit without an apical column, or a very short column (ca. 5 mm long)....................................................................................................................................................................................................3</p> <p>- Staminate and female flowers on the same inflorescence; fruit with an apical column...................................................................10</p> <p>3. Leaf laminae with the midvein oblique or straight to the petiole, with a dense indument; stipules green, pubescent, persistent; styles multifid...............................................................................................................................................................................................4</p> <p>- Leaves with the mid-vein straight to the petiole, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; stipules hyaline to greenish, mostly glabrous, deciduous; styles not divided or with one division near to the base..................................................................................................7</p> <p>4. Leaf laminae oblique to the petiole; fruit with the horns flattened or with wings.............................................................................5</p> <p>- Leaf laminae straight with the petiole; fruit with unflattened horns..................................................................................................6</p> <p>5. Stems succulent, 8.5–9 mm in diameter; plants dioecious; fruits with horns flattened; growing in paramo................................................................................................................................................................................................................. B. perijaensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Stems fibrous, &lt;5.5 mm in diameter; plants monoecious; fruits 3-winged toward the apex; growing in montane forest................................................................................................................................................................................................................. B. trianae</p> <p>6. Outer tepals of staminate and pistillate flowers pinkish abaxially; pistillate flowers with 5 tepals in in poorly differentiated whorls; fruits with the apex of the horns horizontally flattened; endemic to the Sierrra Nevada de Santa Marta..................... B. chlorolepis</p> <p>- Outer tepals of staminate and pistillate flowers white throughout; pistillate flowers with 6 tepals in two distinct whorls; fruits with the apex of the horns vertically flattened; endemic to the Serranía de Perijá....................................................................... B. ursina</p> <p>7. Leaf base essentially symmetrical, with a tuft of trichomes between the petiole and the lamina; stamens connivent, forming a fusiform structure........................................................................................................................................................... B. solaniflora</p> <p>- Leaf base asymmetric, without a tuft of trichomes between the petiole and the lamina; stamens connivent, forming a fusiform or cylindrical structure............................................................................................................................................................................8</p> <p>8. Leaves glabrous and reddish underneath; without trichomes on the midvein above; bracteoles of pistillate flowers longer than the ovary.................................................................................................................................................................................. B. aguilarii</p> <p>- Leaves with a row of hairs on the midvein above, rarely reddish underside; bracteoles of the pistillate flowers shorter than the ovary in B. pax, unknown in B. diegoi...............................................................................................................................................9</p> <p>9. Outer tepals of pistillate flowers 10–16.5 × 3–7.3 mm; stamens connivent, forming a cylindrical structure; free part of the stamen connective curved outward; endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta............................................................ B. diegoi sp. nov.</p> <p>- Outer tepals of pistillate flowers 4.8–9.9 × 1.4–2.8 mm; stamens connivent, forming a fusiform structure; free part of the stamen connective straight; endemic to the Serranía de los Yariguies, in the Eastern Cordillera......................................................... B. pax</p> <p>10. Young inflorescence enveloped by gamophyllous bracts; staminate flowers with 2 tepals............................................ B. gamolepis</p> <p>- Young inflorescence not enveloped by gamophyllous bracts; staminate flowers with 4 tepals.......................................................11</p> <p>11. Plants usually less than 40 cm tall; leaf laminae straight with the petiole; leaves of numerous forms, without one side of the base much larger than the other................................................................................................................................................................12</p> <p>- Plants usually more than 40 cm tall; leaf laminae oblique to the petiole; leaves ovate or oblong with one side of the base much larger than the other..........................................................................................................................................................................13</p> <p>12. Branches upright; inflorescence bisexual or rarely bearing only staminate flowers; outer tepals of staminate flowers apiculate; tepals of pistillate flowers to 6 mm long.............................................................................................................................. B. urticae</p> <p>- Branches diffuse; pistillate flowers in separate inflorescence to the staminate flowers; outer tepals of staminate flowers obtuse; tepals of pistillate flowers 9–14 mm long............................................................................................................................ B. diffusa</p> <p>13. Apex of the fruit horns curved upward; inflorescence a dichasial cyme, more than 5 times divided; fruit column &lt;5mm long..................................................................................................................................................................................................... B. cornuta</p> <p>- Apex of the fruit horns apex slightly curved upward or not curved; inflorescence a dichasial cyme, less than 5 times divided; fruit column&gt; 5mm long...........................................................................................................................................................................14</p> <p>14. Stems and leaves with glandular and non-glandular hairs; pistillate flowers with 6 tepals.................................................. B. oleosa</p> <p>- Stems and leaves glabrous or with non-glandular hairs; pistillate flowers with 4 or 5 tepals.........................................................15</p> <p>15. Leaves narrowly ovate or lanceolate; peduncle pubescent, reddish-green or whitish-green................... B. mamapachensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Leaves oblong or ovate; peduncle glabrous, light green or reddish-green.......................................................................................16</p> <p>16. Leaves glabrous on the underside.....................................................................................................................................................17</p> <p>- Leaves pubescent on the underside, at least on the veins.................................................................................................................18</p> <p>17. Bracts deciduous; inflorescence unbranched; stamens connivent............................................. B. vinagrera var. vinagrera var. nov.</p> <p>- Bracts sub-persistent; inflorescence branched; stamens slightly divergent............................ B. vinagrera var. pomecensis var. nov.</p> <p>18. Leaves sometimes serrate-lobulate near to the base; inflorescence undivided, or once divided; pistillate flowers with entire outer tepals; fruit column longer than the horns......................................................................................................................... B. toledana</p> <p>- Leaves with serrate margins; inflorescence twice divided; pistillate flowers with dentate outer tepals dentate; fruit column subequal to the horns........................................................................................................................................................... B. galeanoi sp. nov.</p> <p>19. Flowers with 4, 6, or 8 stamens, if 8 then the perianth in two series and at least one type of flower with the perianth fused........20</p> <p>- Flowers with more than 8 stamens, perianth free.............................................................................................................................32</p> <p>20. Flowers with 4 stamens....................................................................................................................................................................21</p> <p>- Flowers with 6 or 8 stamens.............................................................................................................................................................27</p> <p>21. Inflorescence with 6 to 9 bracts on each branch; perianth with one series........................................................................... B. oliveri</p> <p>- Inflorescence with less than 6 bracts per branch; perianth with two series, at least in the staminate flowers, the inner series much smaller than the outer one.................................................................................................................................................................22</p> <p>22. Leaves bullate; flowers pubescent on the external surface.............................................................................................. B. lehmanni</p> <p>- Leaves smooth; flowers glabrous.....................................................................................................................................................23</p> <p>23. Leaves lanceolate; one perianth series in the pistillate flower........................................................................................ B. irmscherii</p> <p>- Leaves elliptic; two perianth series in the pistillate flowers.............................................................................................................24</p> <p>24. Leaves with rigid hairs; tepals of pistillate flowers not fused............................................................................................ B. suaviola</p> <p>- Leaves with soft hairs; tepals of pistillate flowers fused..................................................................................................................25</p> <p>25. Leaves long elliptic, pubescent with two types of hairs intermingled, one type long and not tuberculated, and the other type short and tuberculated............................................................................................................................................ B. kalbreyeri var. glabra</p> <p>- Leaves elliptic, with only one type of pubescence...........................................................................................................................26</p> <p>26. Young stems papillose-hirsute................................................................................................................. B. kalbreyeri var. kalbreyeri</p> <p>- Young stems pubescent or glabrous....................................................................................... B. kalbreyeri var. orquidensis var. nov.</p> <p>27. Stipules persistent; Inflorescence with 8-10 bracts; tepals of the staminate flowers yellow; stamens in two series of 4, with different lengths, receptacle black................................................................................................................................................... B. killipiana</p> <p>- Stipules persistent or deciduous; Inflorescence with &lt;8 bracts; tepals of the staminate flowers, red, pink or white, stamens all the same length.......................................................................................................................................................................................28</p> <p>28. Adaxial surface of the leaves with a series of long hairs between each pair of secondary veins. perianth of the staminate flowers with the limb reflexed and 6-lobulate; stamens 8; apical column of the fruit &lt;4 mm long.......................................... B. longirostris</p> <p>- Adaxial surface of the leaves with series of hairs, with uniform pubescence or glabrous; perianth of the staminate flowers with the limb erect, with two big lobules each one rounded or retuse; stamens 6; apical column of the fruit longer (&gt; 4 mm long...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................29</p> <p>29. Petiole oblique to the lamina; leaf margins serrated-lobulated........................................................................................ B. hexandra</p> <p>- Petiole straight to the lamina; leaves margins serrate or biserrate...................................................................................................30</p> <p>30. Stems, leaves, flowers and fruits tuberculate-pilose or hispidous.......................................................................................... B. libera</p> <p>- Stems, leaves, flowers and fruits glabrous or glabrescent................................................................................................................31</p> <p>31. Petioles 1.8–3.9 (13.3) mm long...................................................................................... B. silverstonei var. brevipetiolata var. nov.</p> <p>- Petioles 5.4–30.6 mm long................................................................................................................. B. silverstonei var. silverstonei</p> <p>32. Large and scandent plants (usually&gt; 40 cm tall) with pendulous inflorescences; perianth campanulate........................................33</p> <p>- Small and erect plants (usually &lt;40 cm tall) with erect inflorescences; perianth campanulate or with the tepals spreading..........34</p> <p>33. Stipules persistent; staminate inflorescence umbel-like; stamens with long projecting connective; pistillate inflorescence uniflorous; fruit horns with the apex slightly curved forward, and apical column absent................................................................ B. ferruginea</p> <p>- Stipules deciduous; Staminate inflorescence cymose; stamens without a projecting connective; pistillate inflorescence cymose with numerous flowers; fruit horns with the apex slightly curved upward, and with apical column present................. B. umbellata</p> <p>34. Pistillate flowers in the same inflorescence as the staminate ones, or inflorescence bearing only staminate flowers; tepals spreading or projecting slightly upward, red, pink or white................................................................................................................. B. urticae</p> <p>- Pistillate flowers solitary; tepals projecting upward, red.................................................................................................................35</p> <p>35. Young stems densely pubescent; stamens on a long torus, anthers without connective projecting; pistillate flowers with 5 tepals; fruit with a long and persistent apical column, subequal to the horns........................................................................ B. antioquensis</p> <p>- Young stems sparsely puberulous; stamens not emerging from a torus, anthers with an acute, projecting connective; pistillate flowers with 6 tepals; fruit with a short and deciduous apical column, shorter than the horns................................... B. colombiana</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFD4FFA5BCA708BD63874E72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFD5FFA3BCA70F3B63774EAC.text	7D6687F2FFD5FFA3BCA70F3B63774EAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia diegoi Jara-Muñoz & Richardson & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia diegoi Jara, sp. nov. Figs. 1 &amp; 5</p> <p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Magdalena: municipio de Ciénaga, corregimiento San Pedro de la Sierra, sector <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.997/lat 10.905)">El Bosque</a>, 10.905º N, 73.997º W, 2100 m, 12 November 2015, A. Jara &amp; D. Yepes 2849 (holotype COL!, isotypes ANDES!, COL!, HT!, JBB!, UTMC!).</p> <p>Diagnosis:—Similar to Begonia pax, but differing in its larger outer tepals (10–16.5 × 3–7.3 mm vs. 4.8–9.9 × 1.4–2.8 mm), and its anthers, which are connivent forming a cylindrical structure. In B. pax the anthers are also convenient but form a fusiform structure, and also differ by the curved extension of the anther connective (vs. straight in Begonia pax).</p> <p>Description:—Caulescent herb, to 1 m high. Stem erect; internodes to 3.6 cm long, and to 3 mm thick, glabrous. Stipules sub-persistent, membranous, glabrous, pale green, ovate, 5.7–6.8 × 1.9–3.3 mm, apex obtuse, setulose, margin entire. Petiole glabrous or pilose toward the apex, green, 2.3–3.5 (10.7) mm long, lamina of the leaf straight to the petiole, membranous, asymmetric, ovate or elliptic, 3.5–9.4 × 1.4–3.2 cm, base unequal, lobulated or rounded on one side, obtuse or rounded on the other side, margin doubly-serrate, ciliate, apex acute or short acuminate, lower surface pale green, pilose on the veins, upper surface dark green, disperse pilose, pubescent on the veins, venation pinnate, 5–8 veined pairs from the base. Inflorescence unisexual in monoecious plants, however, based on field observation some individuals are unisexual. staminate inflorescence axillary, erect, like-umbel cincinnus, not branched, bearing up to 3 staminate flowers; peduncle glabrous, green, to 2.2 cm long, bracts deciduous, glabrous, pale green or hyaline, ovate, ca. 7.9 × 4.5 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. staminate flowers: pedicels glabrous, to 16 mm long; tepals 4, spreading, outer 2 glabrous, white, elliptic, 10–16.5 × 3–7.3 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, inner 2 glabrous, white, oblong, 9.2–11.2 × 1.6–3 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; stamens 6–9, connivent forming a cylindrical structure, filaments whitish, 0.4–0.6 mm long, connate on a short torus of ca. 1 mm long, anthers yellow, linear-oblong, 3.3–3.5 × ca. 0.5 mm, dehiscence slightly introrse, connectives produced ca. 1 mm, with the produced part curved outward. Pistillate inflorescence, solitary flowers. Pistillate flowers: pedicels to 19 mm long; bracteoles not seen; ovary, glabrous, obdeltoid, 10–12 × 15–20 mm, equally 3-horned, horns slightly curved upward, placenta simple, bearing ovules on both surfaces; tepals 5, spreading, slightly differing in form and size, the largest glabrous, white, elliptic, 17–19 × 7–9 mm, margin entire, apex rounded, the smallest glabrous, white, 12–15 × 5–7 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; styles 3, fused at the base, yellow, 7–9 mm long, apex slightly flattened, stigmatic surface papillate and restricted to the apex. Fruiting pedicel to 17 mm long; capsule body and horns shape as in ovary, to 11 × 26 mm, apical column short, ca. 5 mm.</p> <p>Etymology:—The name of this species is in memoriam of the Colombian botanist Diego Yepes, who sadly died at a young age in 2018. He was a passionate orchidologist, mainly studying orchids from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and he accompanied the first author on an expedition to find new specimens of this species in 2015.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—Endemic to the Northern and Western part of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, between 1400 and 2000 m. This elevation range is included in a zone of cloud forest vegetation, and characterized as sub-Andean forest (Cuatrecasas 1958, Hernandez-C. &amp; Sanchez 1992). The well conserved patches of forest in this zone have a canopy between 25 and 35 m tall, the undergrowth has abundant arborescent ferns and palms, as well as many epiphytes and woody lianas. The species was seen growing on rocks of a small stream, covered by dense arborescent vegetation, and surrounded by shrubs, herbs and mosses.</p> <p>Conservation status:― We assess this species as endangered (EN B2a,b(ii)) because its EOO is less than 5000 km 2 (21.2 km 2), and AOO is less than 500 km 2 (12 km 2), and it is known from fewer than five locations (criterion B2a) and an observed reduction in the area of occupancy (criterion B2b(ii)). Close to the area where the species grows is the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park, a conservation area, however the lower park border is at 2000 m elevation, while the species grows just below this level, so the known populations are not protected. The area covered by montane forest in the region has declined drastically during the last five decades, in some cases the reduction of the original vegetation is 80% (Fundación ProSierra 1991).</p> <p>Notes:—This species is part of the group II, sensu Jara et al. (2019) of Casparya, which is characterized by unisexual inflorescences, with solitary pistillate flowers, and acolumnar fruits. ITS sequences of this species were included in Jara et al (2019), (sp. nov. 7), showing evidence for its close relationship with species in the eastern Cordillera with similar morphological characteristics to B. pax and B. solaniflora. This species can be distinguished from the rest of the group by its curved anther connectives, the stamens connivent forming a cylindrical structure, and its larger staminate flowers.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Magdalena: Cienaga, corregimiento <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.98333/lat 10.983334)">San Pedro de la Sierra</a>, sector El Bosque, 12 November 2015, 1600–1700 m, A. Jara &amp; D. Yepes 2849 (ANDES, COL); Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, along quebrada on S portion of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.98333/lat 10.983334)">finca Reflejo</a>, 10º59′N, 73º59′W, ca. 1450 m, 07 September 1972, J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., 2160 (COL, US); In forest N of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.98333/lat 10.983334)">finca Los Arroyitos</a>, 10º56′N, 73º58′W, ca. 1800 m, 28 September 1972, J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., 2238 (COL, US); alto <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.98333/lat 10.983334)">río Buritaca</a>, alto de <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.98333/lat 10.983334)">Mira</a>, por el camino a la cascada del caño Negro hasta la <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.98333/lat 10.983334)">finca de Merardo</a>, 11º05′N, 73º48′W, 900–1100 m, 15 July 1989, S. Madriñán &amp; C. Barbosa 262 (ANDES, MO); alto <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.98333/lat 10.983334)">río Buritaca</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.98333/lat 10.983334)">Ciudad Perdida</a>, 11º04′N, 73º48′W, 1100 m, 18 July 1989, S. Madriñán &amp; C. Barbosa 373 (MO).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFD5FFA3BCA70F3B63774EAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFD3FFA1BCA70F8362D34E14.text	7D6687F2FFD3FFA1BCA70F8362D34E14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia galeanoi Jara-Muñoz & Richardson & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia galeanoi Jara, sp. nov. Figs. 2 &amp; 5</p> <p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Boyacá: municipio Pajarito, entre el corregimiento Corinto y la vereda La Sabana, 5.4407°N, 72.7203°W, 1750 m, 21 March 2014, A. Jara 2729 (holotype JBB!, isotype ANDES!).</p> <p>Diagnosis:—Similar to Begonia cornuta but differing from this species by the presence of a long column on the fruits (12–16 mm long), vs. no column in B. cornuta, and the glabrous veins on the lower surface of the leaves (vs. pubescent in B. cornuta).</p> <p>Description: —Herb or subshrub, to 1 m high. Stems glabrous, green, internodes 3.6–5.6 cm long, 1.3–3.4 mm thick. Stipules caducous, glabrous, pale green, oblong, 7.9–8.6 × 2.4–3.1 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. Petiole glabrous, green, 15.6–39 mm long; Lamina of the leaf oblique to the petiole, thin coriaceous, asymmetric, ovate or oblong, 7.4–13.2 × 1.9–4.7 cm, base obtuse or acute on one side and lobulated on the other side, margin doubly serrate, apex acuminate, lower surface pale green, glabrous, upper surface dark green, with some hairs between each pair of secondary veins, venation pinnate, 6–8 veined on each side. Inflorescence bisexual, erect, dichasial, 2–4 times bifurcate, ending in an umbel-like contracted cincinnus with 2–4 staminate and 1 pistillate flowers, protandrous; peduncle glabrous, reddish-green, 3.4–7.0 (16.3) cm long, bracts deciduous, reflexed, glabrous, reddish or pale green, oblong, 4.3–6.7 × 1.8–3.8 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. staminate flowers: pedicels glabrous, 8.3–13.1 mm long; tepals 4, spreading, outer 2 glabrous, white, ovate, 8.2–13.1 × 2.9–14.8 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, inner 2 glabrous, white, oblong, 6.3–9.5 × 2.4–10.8 mm, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; stamens 8–13, projecting, filaments yellowish-white, 0.2–0.4 mm long, free, anthers yellow, oblong, 0.5–1.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm long, connectives short projecting. Pistillate flowers: pedicels to 1.9 mm long; bracteoles similar to bracts, 1.9–2.8 × 0.9–1.9 mm, apex obtuse to short acuminate; ovary glabrous, pale green to reddish-green, body turbinate, equally 3-horned, ca. 12.5 × 20.4 mm, placenta simple, bearing ovules on both surfaces; tepals 5, subequal, free, outer 3 obovate, inner 2 oblong, 13.2–14.9 × 12.8–15.3 mm, margin dentate in the outer ones, apex rounded; styles 3, free, irregularly branched, yellow, 6.9–7.2 mm long, stigmatic papillae covering the tips. Fruiting pedicel to 17 mm long. Fruit a capsule, body and horns like the ovary, to 13.9 × 22.9 mm, green pale to reddish-green, drying maroon, apical column 12–16 mm long.</p> <p>Etymology:—This species honors the Colombian botanist Gloria Amparo Galeano (1958-2016), who was an outstanding specialist in the systematics and ethnobotany of palms. She also made important contributions to knowledge of the Colombian flora, mainly in the Choco region, and was director of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) from 2003 to 2006. In her thirty years on the staff of the ICN, Dr. Galeano collected hundreds of specimens, including one of the first collections of this new species of Begonia.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—This species is restricted to the eastern basin of the eastern Colombian Cordillera, and has been collected in two distant localities in the Departments of Boyacá and Cundinamarca. Populations have been found in cloud forest, from 1700 to 2500 m, in well conserved and shadow zones, and close to waterfalls or streams. There are no herbarium specimens of the population from Cundinamarca, however living material is available at the Bogota Botanic Garden, accession number 1941130028.</p> <p>Conservation status:― We included this species in the category of vulnerable (VU B2a,b(iii)), according to criterion B, because it has an EOO estimated to be less than 20000 km 2 (88.4 km 2), the AOO is less than 2000 km 2 (16 km 2), and it is known from no more than 10 locations (criteria B2a), and grows in a region of continuing habitat reduction (criteria B2b(iii)), as evidenced by several studies in the Colombian eastern cordillera (e.g. Etter and Villa, 2000; Armenteras et al. 2003).</p> <p>Notes:—This new species was frequently misidentified in herbaria as B. cornuta, to which it is closely related, as showed by the ITS evidence in Jara et al. (2019). In this phylogeny B. galeanoi was temporarily designated “ Begonia sp. nov. 4.”. Both species can be easily distinguished using the diagnosis presented here.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Boyacá: arriba de Pajarito, en <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.678/lat 5.3)">Rancherías</a>, kilómetro 307, unos 1700 m, 24–28 February 1954, J. Idrobo 1604 (COL); municipio Pajarito, inspección de <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.678/lat 5.3)">Corinto</a>, 2200 m, 11 October 1967, G. Lozano, F. Díaz, &amp; S. Díaz, 842 (COL); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.678/lat 5.3)">Pajarito</a>, 5.3°N, 72.678°W, 2000 m, 5 June 1997, H. Mendoza 3223 (FMB); ibid. 3224 (FMB); municipio Pajarito, inspección de <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.678/lat 5.3)">Corinto</a>, 2100–2200 m, March 1980, O. Rangel 2317 (COL); carretera de Pajarito, km 88, quebrada <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.678/lat 5.3)">La Rocha</a>, 2000 m, 17 Febrary 1971, C. Sastre 731 (COL); carretera a Casanare, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.678/lat 5.3)">entre Sogamoso y Pajarito</a>, km 85, 2150 m, 12 December 1969, L. Uribe 6327 (COL, MO).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFD3FFA1BCA70F8362D34E14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFD1FFACBCA70FDB637348B4.text	7D6687F2FFD1FFACBCA70FDB637348B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia kalbreyeri var. orquidensis Jara-Muñoz & Richardson & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia kalbreyeri var. orquidensis Jara, var. nov. Figs. 3 &amp; 5</p> <p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: near to the top of Cordillera Occidental on trail from Encarnación to Parque Las Orquídeas, 1900–2100 m, 27 January 1979, A. Gentry 24640 (holotype COL!, isotypes HUA!, MO!).</p> <p>Diagnosis:—Differs from Begonia kalbreyeri var. kalbreyeri because the young stems are pubescent or glabrous (vs. papilose-hirsute). Differs from Begonia kalbreyeri var. glabra by the ovate or oblong (vs. long-elliptic) leaves, and the indumentum with intermingled long and tuberculate hairs (vs. with only one type of hairs).</p> <p>Description:—Caulescent herb, to 40 cm high. Stem erect, glabrous or pubescent; internodes to 3.4 cm long, to 3.4 mm thick, puberulous. Stipules early deciduous, glabrous, hyaline or pale green, ovate, 9.6–17.1 × 4.5–8.3 mm, margin entire, apex acute. Petiole velutinous, 1.3–13.5 cm long; Lamina of the leaf straight to the petiole, membranous, asymmetric, ovate or oblong, 3.1–10.5 × 1.4–4.1cm, base rounded on one side, lobulate on the other side, margin crenate-serrulate, ciliate, apex short acuminate, lower surface usually reddish-green, glabrous, upper surface green, glabrous to pilose, venation pinnate. Inflorescence bisexual, or bearing only staminate flowers, axillary, an umbel-like contracted cincinnus, with up to 3 staminate and 1 pistillate flowers, protandrous; peduncle glabrous, to 10–32 mm long, bracts sub-persistent, 2–6, glabrous, hyaline or pale green, lanceolate, 5.5–11.0 × 1.5–4.4 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. staminate flowers: pedicels glabrous, to 3.1–10.88 mm long; perianth with two series, the outer one glabrous, orange-red, campanulate and compressed, 5.4–12.5 × 5.7–12.2 mm, apex 4-lobulate, the inner one with 2 free tepals, glabrous, orange, each tepal oblongs, 2.3–4.1 × ca. 3 mm, margin entire, apex truncate; stamens 4, projecting, whitish, filaments 0.1–0.6 mm long, connate at the base on a torus of ca. 0.7 mm, anthers slightly broadened above, 1.8–2.5 mm long, connective shortly projecting. Pistillate flowers: pedicels to 5.2 mm long; bracteoles 3, glabrous, reddish-green or hyaline, elliptic, to 10 mm long, margin entire, apex acute; ovary turbinate, light green, glabrous, horns falcate; placentation entire, bearing ovules on both surfaces; perianth glabrous, red-orange, with two series, the outer one campanulate, but not compressed as in the staminate one, 8.9–9.4 mm long, apex 6-lobate, the inner series with 3 tepals, similar in size and form to the inner tepals in the staminate flowers; styles 3, red, to 3 mm long, multifid, stigmatic papillae restricted to the apex. Fruiting pedicel 7.2–33 mm long; capsule body and horns like those of the ovary, to 13.8 × 23.7 mm, drying maroon, column 5.6–8 mm long.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—This variety occurs in the Las Orquideas National Park and surrounding areas, in the north-west of the Colombian Western Cordillera, between 960 and 2300 m. It grows in the understory of well conserved forest, usually on the banks of streams.</p> <p>Notes:—This is the second variety apart from the type variety of B. kalbreyeri, a Colombian endemic species, common in the well conserved forest of the north of the central and western basin of the central cordillera. The type variety is only known from the type collection in the Paramillo region (ca. 2100 to 2400 m), in Antioquia, at the extreme north of the Colombian Cordillera Occidental, close to the current “Paramillo” National Park. Populations from about 50 km to the south of the type locality are morphologically distinctive, growing in the Orquideas National Park, these show variation in hair density being in general less pubescent than the type specimen and are described here as a new variety. According to Smith &amp; Schubert (1955), Begonia kalbreyeri var. glabra differs from the type variety in being completely glabrous, however the type specimen is clearly not glabrous, having hairs mainly on veins of the leaves, stems and inflorescence.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Antioquia: entre los municipios de Urrao y Frontino, Parque de Las Orquideas INDERENA, finca La Lola, al frente de la cabaña del INDERENA, 1410 m, 16 June 1981, L. Albert et al. 1771 (HUA); Urrao, corregimiento La Encarnación, camino de herradura entre el páramo de San Pedro y el río Calles, 1700–1900 m, 22 June 1982, R. Bernal &amp; G. Galeano 370 (COL); Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara-La Blanquita, 4-7.1 km, entre el alto de <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.29889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.751389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.29889/lat 6.751389)">Cuevas</a> y <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.29889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.751389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.29889/lat 6.751389)">La Blanquita</a>, 6°45′05″ N, 76°17′56″ W, 1610- 1420 m, 26 January 1995, J. Betancur et al. 5969 (COL); Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara, región de Murrí, 15 km SO de Nutibara a La Blanquita, 1700–1850 m, 19 April 1988, R. Callejas 6416 (HUA); Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquideas, Sector Calles, margen derecha del <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.316666/lat 6.5333333)">río Calles</a>, 6º32′N, 76º19′W, 1420 m, 25 March 1988, A. Cogollo et al. 2586 (JAUM); Urrao, Parque Nacional Natural “Las Orquideas”. Sector cabaña de Calles. Quebrada La Agudelo. Parcela permanente, bp-PM., 1300−1400 m, 1 April 1992, D. Cardenas 3200 (JAUM, MO); Urrao, Parque Nacional Natural “Las Orquideas”. Sector Calles. Margen derecha del Río Calles, 1420 m, 25 March 1988, A. Cogollo 2586 (JAUM, MO); Frontino, corregimiento Murrí, carretera Nutibara-La Blanquita, ca. 9 km abajo de la cima, 1700-1900 m, 5 January 1982, G. Galeano &amp; R. Bernal 472 (HUA); Las Orquideas, trail from Encarnación o <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.23333/lat 6.5)">Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas</a>, western slope of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.23333/lat 6.5)">Cordillera Occidental</a>, 06°30’N, 076°14’W, 1600–1800 m, 27 January 1979, A. Gentry 24555 (MO); Urrao, 2320 m, 6 December 1984, C. I. Orozco et al. 1392 (COL); Las Orquídeas: Vereda Calles; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.483333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.23333/lat 6.483333)">Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas</a>; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.483333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.23333/lat 6.483333)">Quebrada Honda</a>, 06°29’N, 076°14’W, 1300 m, 8 December 1992, J. J. Pipoly III et al. 16753 (MO); Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas. Vereda Calles, 1450–1500 m, 29 November 1993, J. J. Pipoly III et al. 17309 (MO); Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas. Vereda Calles, margen derecha del río Calles, 1350–1450 m, 6 December 1993, J. J. Pipoly III et al. 17792 (MO); Urrao, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquideas, sector <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5166664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.316666/lat 6.5166664)">Calles</a>, quebrada “La Agudelo”, 6º31′N, 76º19′W, 1300 m, 26 March 1991, J. G. Ramirez et al. 4021 (JAUM); Urrao, Parque Orquídeas, 2780 m, 13 April 1985, E. Renteria 3896 (HUA, JAUM); Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara, cuenca alta del río Cuevas, 1600 m, 12 April 1987, D. Sanchez et al. 1076 (COL); Frontino, km 27 por la vía a Nutibara-Murrí, 960 m, 21 October 1987, J. L. Zarucchi et al. 5536 (COL, HUA, MO); Mpio. de Frontino; Km 14 of road Nutibara-Murrí, 1870 m, 23 September 1987, J. L. Zarucchi et al. 5677 (MO); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.4/lat 6.75)">Frontino</a>, km 17 of road Nutibara-La Blanquita, regi ón de Murrí, 6°45′N, 76°24′W, 1860 m, 3 November 1988, J. L. Zarucchi et al. 7074 (COL).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFD1FFACBCA70FDB637348B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFDCFFACBCA7087B66C74FF4.text	7D6687F2FFDCFFACBCA7087B66C74FF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia mamapachensis Jara-Muñoz & Richardson & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia mamapachensis Jara, sp. nov. Figs. 4 &amp; 5</p> <p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Boyacá: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.2871&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.1452" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.2871/lat 5.1452)">Municipio de Garagoa</a>, cerro Mamapacha, reserva natural El Secreto, 5.1452°N, 73.2871°W, 2200–2300 m, 20 March 2014, A. Jara 2725 (holotype JBB!, isotype ANDES!).</p> <p>Diagnosis:— Begonia mamapachensis is morphologically similar to Begonia cornuta, Begonia vinagrera, and Begonia galeanoi, but can be distinguished from them by having lanceolate leaves (vs. ovate or oblong), and a monochasial inflorescence with few flowers (vs. dichasial with many flowers).</p> <p>Description:—Caulescent herb, to 40 cm high. Stem erect, glabrous, reddish-green, internodes to 3.1 cm long, to 3.3 mm thick. Stipules early caducous, glabrous, oblong, 7.5−8.7 × 3.5−4.7 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. Petiole glabrous, reddish-green, 1.1–5.5 cm long; lamina of the leaf oblique to the petiole, firmly membranous, strongly asymmetric, ovate or lanceolate, to 3.6−6.5 × 1.2−1.9 cm, base rounded on one side and lobulate on the other side, apex acuminate, lower surface pubescent mainly on the veins, pale green, upper surface sparsely pubescent, dark green, venation pinnate, 6–9 veined on each side. Inflorescence bisexual, axillary, erect, dichasium branched once with an umbel-like contracted cincinnus at the end of each branch, or only one cincinnus, bearing up to 4 staminate and 1 pistillate flowers, protandrous; peduncle puberulous, to 3.7 cm long, bracts sub-persistent, glabrous, hyaline or whitish, oblong, 4.8–5.8 × 2.3–3.7 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. staminate flowers: pedicels glabrous, whitish, to 12 mm long; tepals 4, spreading, outer 2 glabrous, white, elliptic, 8.4–10.6 × 5.7–6.5 mm, margin entire, apex rounded, inner 2 glabrous, white, elliptic or obovate, 5.5–9.3 × 1.5–3 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; stamens 11–14, projecting, yellow, filaments 0.5–.07 mm long, fused in a column, anthers oblong, 1.2–1.5 × 0.7–0.8 mm, dehiscence lateral, connective shortly projecting, ca. 0.2 mm, obtuse. Pistillate flowers: pedicels to 5.3 mm long; bracteoles 2, glabrous, elliptic or oblong, 3.8–4.9 × 1.8–2.5 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; ovary body obdeltoid, ca. 10.5 × 18.4 mm, green with the apex of the horns reddish-green, glabrescent with series of hairs along the horns, equally 3-horns, horns lanceolate; tepals 4–5, subequal, spreading, glabrous, white, 12.5–13.7 × 4.9–5.8 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; placenta branches entire, bearing ovules on both surfaces; styles multifid, with 3 main branches, yellow, 6–7.5 mm long, stigmatic papillae restricted to the apex. Fruiting pedicel to 4 mm long. Fruit a capsule, body shape and horns like those of the ovary, to 21 × 33 mm, drying maroon, column ca. 10 mm long.</p> <p>Etymology:—Refers to the name of the mountain where this species is endemic, the Cerro Mamapacha in the Colombian department of Boyacá.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:— Begonia mamapachensis is endemic to the mountains known as Cerro Mamapacha, shared by the municipalities of Garagoa, Chinavita and Miraflores in the department of Boyacá on the eastern Colombian Cordillera, in a range between 2100 and 2500 m. Plants of this species have been found growing in the understory of the cloud forest, usually along tracks and stream borders.</p> <p>Conservation status:― We included this species in the category of Endangered (EN B2a,b(iii)), because its EOO is less than 5000 km 2 and AOO is 8.4 km 2, it is not known to exist in more than five locations (B2a), and there is evidence of a reduction in the area and quality of habitat (B2b(iii)) (e.g., Etter and Villa, 2000; Armenteras et al. 2003).</p> <p>Notes:—This species was named “ Begonia sp. nov. 5” in the phylogenies presented by Jara et al. (2019) and belongs to the clade V, which includes species with red flowers from the western Colombian cordillera and the broadly distributed and polymorphic Begonia urticae.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Municipio Garagoa, vereda Ciénega Valvanera, finca <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.29111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.131389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.29111/lat 5.131389)">El Secreto</a>, reserva privada <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.29111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.131389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.29111/lat 5.131389)">El Secreto</a>, en la carretera a <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.29111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.131389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.29111/lat 5.131389)">Miraflores</a>, camino a <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.29111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.131389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.29111/lat 5.131389)">Cerro Mico</a>, 5º07′39″- 5º07′53″N y 73º16′54″- 73º17′28″W, 2100-2500 m, 18 April 2003, Betancur 10211 (COL, HUA); Garagoa, Reserva Natural El Secreto, lat. 5.1352°, lon. -73.2871°, 2200–2300 m, A. Jara 2725 (ANDES); Zetaquira, vereda Guanata, bosque al lado izquierdo del poliducto de Ecopetrol, 5º17’23’’N, 73º16’86’’, 2450 m, 7 May 2010, Zabala 683 (UPTC); Miraflores, vereda la Rusita, transecto de bosque secundario, 5º11’41’’N, 73º12’14’’, 2143-2220 m, 12 May 2010 Zabala 890 (UPTC).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFDCFFACBCA7087B66C74FF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFDAFFA9BCA70C1967824CA4.text	7D6687F2FFDAFFA9BCA70C1967824CA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia perijaensis Jara-Muñoz & Richardson & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia perijaensis Jara, sp. nov. Figs. 6 &amp; 10</p> <p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Guajira: municipio Urumita, zona de Cerro Pintado, 10.433ºN, 72.908ºW, 3135 m. 13 November 2015, A. Jara 2871 (holotype JBB!, isotype ANDES!).</p> <p>Diagnosis:—This species can be distinguished from Begonia trianae due to the smaller size of the plants (to 40 cm tall vs.&gt; 40 cm tall in B. ursina) and its succulent stems (vs. fibrous). The staminate flowers in B. perijaense have shorter pedicels than B. trianae (to 9 mm vs. 40-60 mm long) and the perianth has 6 tepals (vs. 5). It can be distinguished from Begonia ursina by the smaller plant size (to 40 cm tall vs.&gt; 40 cm tall), succulent stems (vs. fibrous), its leaf laminae oblique to the petiole (vs. straight), and its longer leaf laminae (4.9−9.5 vs. 11–14.5 cm). From Begonia chlorolepis it can be distinguished by the fruit having the apex of the horns vertically flattened (i.e., compressed) vs. horizontally flattened (i.e. depressed).</p> <p>Description:—Herb, to 40 cm high. Stem erect, few branched, internodes to 6.5 cm long, succulent, grayishgreen, densely pubescent. Stipules persistent, densely pubescent, green, reniform, ca. 8 × 15 mm, apex rounded, margin denticulate. Petiole pale green, pubescent, 3–8.5 cm long, lamina of the leaf strongly oblique to the petiole, coriaceous, asymmetric, ovate, 11–14.5 × 4.6–7.7 cm, base lobulate on one side, rounded on the other side, margin crenate-serrate, apex short acuminate, lower surface densely pubescent, pale green to whitish-green with purple hairs, upper surface green, densely pubescent, veins palmate-pinnate, with 8–9 secondary on the larger side, 5–6 secondary veins on the smaller side. Inflorescence unisexual in dioecious plants; staminate inflorescence axillary, erect, umbel-like contracted cincinnus, bearing up to 5 flowers; peduncle to 6 cm long, whitish-green to pale green, densely pubescent, bracts deciduous, pale green, pubescent, ovate, to 10 mm long, margin entire, apex obtuse. staminate flowers: pedicels to 3.8 mm long, pubescent; tepals 4, spreading, outer 2 covered with white hairs outside and glabrous inside, widely elliptic, 6.7–7 × 5.5–7.6 mm, margin entire and ciliate toward the apex, apex rounded or truncate, inner 2 glabrous and white on both sides, elliptic, 4.9–6 × 2–2.3 mm, margin entire, apex rounded or truncate; stamens up to 35, spreading, yellow, filaments ca. 1 mm long, free, anthers linear-obovoid, ca. 2.7 × 0.9 mm, dehiscence slightly introrse, connectives shortly projecting, truncate. Pistillate inflorescence axillary and solitary flowers. Pistillate flowers: pedicels white pubescent, to 9 mm long; bracteoles, densely pubescent, small, ca. 3 × 2 mm; ovary body green and densely white pubescent, turbinate, 13 × 19 mm, sub-equally 3-winged, wings ovate, ca. 9 × 8 mm; placenta bifid, bearing ovules on both surfaces; perianth in two series with 3 tepals in each one, the outer tepals pale green and reddish-green pubescent outside, white inside, spreading, ovate, ca. 17 × 11 mm, margin entire and ciliate toward the apex, apex acute, the inner tepals sparsely pubescent outside to glabrous, elliptic, ca. 13 × 6.5 mm, margin entire, apex acute; styles multifid, 4–5 mm long, stigmatic papillae restricted twisted apex of the styles. Fruiting pedicel to 12 mm long. Fruit a capsule, densely pubescent, body and wings like the ovary, to 14 × 34 mm, wings to 13.5 mm long, apex obtuse, apical column absent.</p> <p>Etymology:—This species is named for the Serranía of Perijá, at the northern border between Colombia and Venezuela, where the species is endemic.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—Only known from the type specimen in the peak Cerro Pintado (also spelled “Cerro del Pintao” and known as “Cerro Viruela” in Venezuela), which is one of the highest mountains of the Perijá serrania, reaching 3300 m (Rangel 2009). Vegetation there is sub-paramo dominated by Calamagrostis sp., and accompanied by several species of Asteraceae, as well as Hesperomeles ferruginea, Otholobium sp. (Fabaceae), Geranium sp. (Geraniaceae) and Monnina sp. (Polygalaceae) (pers. obs.). The peak is formed of upper Cretaceous limestone from the Cogollo formation, and has geomorphological evidence of glaciations (Lazala 2007, Rodriguez &amp; Galán 2008).</p> <p>Conservation status:― We included this species in the category of Critically Endangered (CR B2a,b(iii)) according to the IUCN criteria B2, because its AOO is less than 10 km 2, being only about 1 km 2, based on the only known population, and the EOO is less than 100 km 2. It is found at only one location, and there is evidence of destruction of the vegetation during the last 30 years, even though this zone is included in a forest reserve (Vásquez &amp; Serrano 2009).</p> <p>Notes:— Begonia perijaensis grows very close to Begonia ursina, which is the most common species of the section in the Serranía de Perijá, ranging between 2300 and 3100 m, while B. perijaensis is restricted to the higher part of the Cerro Pintado peak.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFDAFFA9BCA70C1967824CA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFD9FFB6BCA70D8B67334B28.text	7D6687F2FFD9FFB6BCA70D8B67334B28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia silverstonei var. brevipetiolata Jara-Muñoz & Richardson & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia silverstonei var. brevipetiolata Jara, var. nov. Figs. 7 &amp; 10</p> <p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca. Municipio Dagua, vía entre El Queremal y La Elsa, 3°31′59″N, 76°45′3″, 1335 m, 28 October 2019, A. Jara, S. Urbano, A. Del Risco 3624 (holotype JBB!, isotype COL!).</p> <p>Diagnosis:—Differs from the type variety by the shorter petioles 1.8–3.9 (-13.3) vs. 5.4–30.6 mm, and because this variety has 4 tepals in the pistillate flower instead of 5 as in the type variety.</p> <p>Description:—Caulescent herb, to 70 cm high. Stem erect, glabrous, internodes to 6.3 cm long, and to 3.8 mm thick, green and reddish-green in the younger parts. Stipules early deciduous, glabrous, oblong, 15.8–22 × 4.2–8.9 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse and 1-setulose. Petiole pubescent above, green, 1.8–3.9 (13.3) cm long; lamina of leaf straight to the petiole, thin coriaceous, slightly asymmetric, ovate, 8.4–13.6 × 4.2–6.3 cm, base rounded on one side, auriculate on the other side, margin doubly serrate, apex short acuminate, upper surface dark green, spread pilose, lower surface pale green, puberulous on the veins, veins palmate-pinnate, 8–10 on each side. Inflorescence bisexual, axillary, erect, a not branched umbel-like contracted cincinnus, bearing up to 3 staminate and 1 pistillate flowers, protandrous; peduncle to 3.9 cm long, glabrous, reddish-green, bracts deciduous, glabrous, elliptic, 12.3–12.7 × 4.2– 4.5 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. staminate flowers: pedicels glabrous, to 12.6 mm long; perianth in two series, the outer one glabrous, red vermilion, deeply bilabiate and dorsiventrally flattened, broadly oblong to sub-orbicular, 12.2–16.8 × 11–15.6 mm, base cordate, apex rounded or truncated, inner series with 2 free tepals much smaller than the outer series, tepals glabrous, pale red, 3.6–2.9 × 4.2–4.7 mm, base rounded, margin entire, apex crenate; stamens 6, free, projecting, yellow, filaments ca. 2 mm long, anthers oblong, 2.4–2.7 × 0.6–0.8 mm, dehiscence slightly introrse, connectives shorty projecting, truncate. Pistillate flowers: pedicels glabrous, reddish-green, to 13 mm long; bracteoles 1, deciduous, glabrous, hyaline, concave, covering one of the horns of the ovary, ovate-elliptic, ca, 10 × 6 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; ovary turbinate, ca. 8.5 × 18 mm, green, glabrous, equally 3-horned, horns curved upward; placenta entire, bearing ovules on both surfaces; perianth glabrous, red vermilion, campanulate, 4 tepals in two series, the outer tepals obovate, ca. 15 × 9 mm, margin entire, apex rounded, the inner series with one of the tepals slightly smaller and similar in form to the outer ones, and the other one bigger and bilobulate, ca. 17 × 15 mm, apex retuse; styles multifid, yellow, fused toward the base, ca. 2 mm long, stigmatic papillae restricted to the apex. Fruiting peduncle and pedicel to 63 mm long; capsule body like the ovary, to 19 × 29 mm, horns the same shape as in ovary; apical column to 11 mm tall.</p> <p>Etymology:—The name of this variety refers to the shorter petioles compared to the type variety.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—This variety has been recorded only in the department of Valle del Cauca, in humid forests, between 1900 and 2000 m.</p> <p>Notes:—As well as the shorter petioles, this variety has 4 instead of 5 tepals in the pistillate flowers. It is likely that this reduction is derived from the fusion of two inner tepals, as the bilobulate form of the largest tepal suggests. This variety is also sympatric with Begonia libera and shares numerous vegetative and reproductive features, however Begonia libera can be recognized by its hispidous stems, and papillate-pubescent leaves.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca: 53 km on road to Buenaventura from Cali, 4000 ft alt. 9 August 1968, F. A. Barklay 38c637 (US); along highway 19 from Cali to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.51" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.61667/lat 3.51)">Buenaventura</a>, ca. 4 km west of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.51" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.61667/lat 3.51)">Salaito</a>, vicinity of km. 18, 3°30’36”N, 76°37’00”W, 17 July 1997, T. Croat &amp; J. F. Gaskin 79960 (MO); Hoya del río Dagua, quebrada de San Juan, abajo de Queremal, 1350 m, 8 November 1946, J. Cuatrecasas 22746 (US); municipio La Cumbre, corregimiento Bitaco, reserva Agua Bonita, 1700–1900 m, 10-15 December 1998, W. Vargas 5381 (HUA).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFD9FFB6BCA70D8B67334B28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFC6FFB4BCA70A16650049F8.text	7D6687F2FFC6FFB4BCA70A16650049F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia vinagrera Jara & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia vinagrera Jara &amp; Zabala-Rivera, sp. nov. Figs. 8, 9, &amp; 10</p> <p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Santander: Municipio Charalá, sitio El Bogotacito, después de El Taladro, vía El Carmen-Virolín, 2300 m, 23 November 1994, J. Betancur 5805 (COL).</p> <p>Diagnosis:— Begonia vinagrera is morphologically similar to B. cornuta but can be easily distinguished by its glabrous leaves (vs. pubescent) and oblong (vs. ovate) leaf laminae, and the inflorescence that is a monochasium with few flowers (vs. dichasial with many flowers).</p> <p>Description:—Caulescent herb, to 2 m high. Stem erect, internodes to 7.4 cm long, to 9.6 mm thick, reddishgreen, glabrous. Stipules sub-persistent or early deciduous, lanceolate, oblong or ovate, 6.6–22.9 × 3.6–11.7 mm, apex cuspidate, obtuse or acute, light green or reddish-green, glabrous, margin entire. Petiole 0.9–5.5 cm long, glabrous; lamina of the leaf blade straight to the petiole, coriaceous, strongly asymmetric, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3.6−14.9 × 0.9−6.5 cm, base unequal, rounded to acute on one side and auriculate on the other side, margin serrate to double serrate, apex acuminate to long acuminate, glabrous on both sides, venation pinnate, 5–8 veined from the base on each side. Inflorescence a dichasium with 2–4 branches, axillary, erect, bisexual or only staminate, protandrous; peduncle 3.1−8.3 (14.3) cm long, glabrous, bracts early deciduous or sub-persistent, glabrous, light green or reddish-green, ovate or obovate, 4.4–7.1 × 2.6–3.7 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse or cuspidate. staminate flowers: pedicels glabrous, white to reddish, 1.7−13.2 mm long; tepals 4, spreading, outer 2 glabrous, white, sometimes pinkish variegated, oblong or ovate, 6.3–13.6 × 3.5–10.1 mm, margin entire, apex rounded, inner 2 glabrous, white, elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 4.2–8.7 × 1.2–2.8 mm, margin entire, apex rounded or short acuminate; stamens 12–15, projecting, yellow, filaments 0.2–1.8 mm long, on a short column of 0.7–0.8 mm, anthers oblong, 1.4–2.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, connectives scarcely projecting, to 0.4 mm. Pistillate flowers: pedicels glabrous, white to reddish-white, to 13.7 mm long; bracteoles 2, glabrous, reddish, ovate or obovate, 5.4–9.8 × 4.6–7.6 mm, apex obtuse and 1-setose, margin entire; ovary glabrous, turbinate, 9.7–16 × 11.8–27 mm, green, equally 3-horned, horns slightly curved upward, placenta branches simple, bearing ovules on both surfaces; perianth with 5 spreading tepals, glabrous, white, and sometimes red and white variegated, the outer longer, obovate, 6–18.9 × 3–11.6 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, the smallest elliptic, 5–5.5 × 2.5–3.4 mm, margin entire, apex acute, rounded or short acuminate; styles multifid, yellow, fused toward the base, 4–6 mm long, stigmatic papillae restricted to the apex. Capsule body and horns shape like those of the ovary, to 21 × 33 mm when mature, drying maroon, column 10–18.9 mm long.</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the common name of this species in the department of Santander, where it is known as Vinagrera in Spanish (Agudelo 170).</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—The species grows in cloud forest at the border of the departments of Boyacá and Cundinamarca, with B. vinagrera var. vinagrera restricted to the locality of Virolín and surrounded areas, mainly in the department of Santander, between 1700 and 2500 m, and B. vinagrera var. pomecensis exclusive to the valley of the Pomeca river in Boyacá. More details can be consulted under the description of each variety.</p> <p>Conservation status: ―According to the criterion B, with AOO = 43 km 2, growing in a region not severely fragmented, and partially protected by the Santuario de Flora y Fauna de Iguaque, but known from no more than five locations (criterion B2a), and with an observed decline in the AOO and quality of habitat (criterion B2b(iii)), we conclude that this species is in the category Endangered (EN B2a,b(iii)).</p> <p>Notes:—Specimens of this species (both varieties) have been frequently misidentified in herbaria as Begonia cornuta; however, both species can be separated as indicated in the diagnosis. A synthetic description of both varieties, including only distinguishing characters, is presented below.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFC6FFB4BCA70A16650049F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFC4FFB4BCA708CF64264DCC.text	7D6687F2FFC4FFB4BCA708CF64264DCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia vinagrera Jara & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia vinagrera Jara &amp; Zabala-Rivera var. v inagrera, Figs. 8 &amp; 10</p> <p>Stipules sub-persistent, lanceolate, 6.6–7.3 × 3.6–5.6 mm, apex obtuse or acute, light green. Lamina of the leaf oblong, apex long acuminate. Inflorescence bisexual or only staminate; peduncle 3.1 −4.6 cm long, bracts sub-persistent, 4.4–7.1 × 2.6–3.7 mm, light green, apex obtuse. staminate flowers: pedicels to 5.4−13.2 mm long; tepals, outer 2 white and sometimes pinkish-white variegate, oblong, inner 2 elliptic to linear-lanceolate, apex rounded. Pistillate flowers: tepals white, the largest 6–10 × 3–4.1 mm, the smallest 5–5.5 × 2.5–3.4 mm, apex rounded.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: ―The forests where this variety grows are dominated by Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae), accompanied by highly diverse families such as Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae and Lauraceae and genera Miconia, Anthurium and Psychotria (Reina et al. 2010). Several biogeographically interesting species have been recorded in the region, such the Colombian endemic genus of Fagaceae, Colombobalanus (Lozano, Hern. Cam. &amp; Henao, Jesús Eugenio) Nixon &amp; Crepet, only known from three other localities in Colombia (Aguirre-Acosta &amp; Botero-Echeverri 2018), as well as the endemic species: Arthrostylidium virolinense Londoño &amp; L.G. Clark, Eugenia fernandez-alonsoi Parra-Os., and Magnolia virolinensis (Lozano) Govaerts.</p> <p>Common names:― Vinagrera (in Spanish), because the stems taste of vinegar (Agudelo 170).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Municipio Duitama, vereda El Carmen, on the road to Virolín (before the ″ Tao ″ Community), 2320 m, November 1994, J. L. Fernandez-Alonso 12207 (COL, HUA). Santander: Municipio de Charalá, corregimiento Virolín, vereda El Palmar, 2300 m, 8 January 2011, Agudelo 170 (UDBC); ibidem, Agudelo 180 (UDBC); Charalá, sitio El Bogotacito, después de El Taladro, via El Carmen-Virolín, 2300 m, 23 November 1994, J. Betancur 5805 (COL); Municipio Charalá, corregimiento Virolín, carretera El Carmen-Virolín, 1900–2000 m, 5 June 1995, J. Betancur 6199 (COL); Municipio Gámbita, vereda El Volcán, 2100 m, 11 November 1981, Caro 34 (COL); Virolín, ca. 1800 m, 6–12 May 1986, J. L. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.22611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.102222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.22611/lat 6.102222)">Fernandez-Alonso</a> 6250 (COL); municipio de Suaita, vereda Corbaraque, corregimiento El Olival, 6 °06′8″N, 73°13′34″W, 1771 m, 19 January 2008, R. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.62556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.441389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.62556/lat 6.441389)">Medina</a> 322 (UDBC); Charalá, vereda El Palmar, corregimiento Virolín, 6°26′29′′N, 72°37′32″W, 2480 m, 16 May 2008, R. Medina 361 (UDBC); Municipio Gámbita, vereda El Poleo Alto, SW sector of the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.045833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24972/lat 6.045833)">Cuchilla del Fara</a>, 6°02′45′′N, 73°14′59″W, 2366 m, 27 March 2010, R. Medina 636 (COL); Charalá, inspección Virolín, vereda El Volcán, 1900 m, 30 June 1983, Torres 2581 (COL).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFC4FFB4BCA708CF64264DCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
7D6687F2FFC4FFB2BCA70CA364414EE8.text	7D6687F2FFC4FFB2BCA70CA364414EE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia vinagrera var. pomecensis Jara-Muñoz & Richardson & Zabala-Rivera 2021	<div><p>Begonia vinagrera var. pomecensis Jara &amp; Zabala-Rivera, var. nov. Figs. 9 &amp; 10</p> <p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Boyacá: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.49799&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.814186" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.49799/lat 5.814186)">Municipio de Moniquirá</a>, vereda Alto Colorado, Km 24, via de Arcabuco-Moniquirá, costado sur-occidental, 5°48′51.07″N, 73°29′52,78″W, 2375 m, J. C. Zabala-Rivera, W. Bravo-P. &amp; Z. López-R. 2696 (holotype ANDES!; isotypes COL!, UPTC!).</p> <p>Diagnosis:— Begonia vinagrera var. pomecensis differs from the type variety by its larger stipules (10.2–22.9 × 8.5– 11.7 vs. 6.6–7.3 × 3.6–5.6 mm), its longer peduncle (5.4–8.3 (-14.3) vs. 3.1−4.6 cm long), and deciduous bracts (vs. sub-persistent).</p> <p>Description:— Stipules early deciduous, oblong or obovate, 10.2–22.9 × 8.5–11.7 mm, apex cuspidate, reddishgreen or reddish-hyaline, glabrous; lamina of the leaf oblong to oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence bisexual; peduncle to 5.4–8.3 (14.3) cm long, bracts early deciduous, 4.4–9.4 × 2.6–6.1 mm, reddish-hyaline or reddish-green, apex cuspidate. staminate flowers: pedicels 1.7–4.2 mm long; tepals, outer 2 white, ovate, inner 2 oblong-lanceolate, apex short acuminate. Pistillate flowers: tepals white to reddish-white, subequal, 12.7–18.9 × 7.9– 11.6 mm, apex rounded to short acuminate.</p> <p>Etymology:—The name refers to the locality where this variety grows, the narrow valley of the Pomeca River.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:—Only known from the valley of the Pomeca River, most of collections made from the roadsides along the route that connects the cities of Tunja (Boyacá) and Barbosa (Santander).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Boyacá: municipio de Arcabuco, 5 Km adelante en la carretera a Moniquirá, 18 May 1968, 2375 m, L. Uribe 6095 (COL); Vereda Colorado Alto, Km 22, via Arcabuco-Moniquira, costado sur occidental, 2375 m, 17 June 2015, J. C. Zabala-Rivera, W. Bravo-P 2697 &amp; Z. López-R. (ANDES); Vereda Colorado Alto, Km 20, via Arcabuco-Moniquira, costado sur occidental, 2375 m, 17 June 2015, J. C. Zabala-Rivera, W. Bravo-P &amp; Z. López-R. 2698 (ANDES).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6687F2FFC4FFB2BCA70CA364414EE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo;Richardson, James E.;Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos	Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo, Richardson, James E., Zabala-Rivera, Juan Carlos (2021): Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia. Phytotaxa 525 (4): 258-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.2
