identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B287BFFFCCFFF80FDE79FFFF24FAFA.text	03B287BFFFCCFFF80FDE79FFFF24FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Huntia Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang 2021	<div><p>Huntia gen. n.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Female body robust. Cervical cuticle unarmed, without annulation. Body cuticle with distinct transverse striations and longitudinal striations. Lateral alae present. Head well developed, continuous with body but without transverse and longitudinal striations. Head bearing eight rounded papillae arranged in 4 pairs. First cephalic annule absent. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, short isthmus, and spherical basal bulb with valve plate well developed. Vulva located near mid-body. Vagina muscular, anteriorly directed. Didelphic-amphidelphic. Eggs ovoid, ornamented with rough longitudinal ridges on shell. Eggs arranged transversely in single row in uteri. Tail conical, subulate, ending in a sharp tip. Male unknown.</p> <p>Type species: Huntia morffei gen. n. et sp. n.</p> <p>Distribution: China.</p> <p>Etymology: The generic name is derived from Dr. D. J. Hunt, Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology, England.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287BFFFCCFFF80FDE79FFFF24FAFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Ningning;Yin, Shi;Carreno, Ramon A.;Zhang, Luping	Zhang, Ningning, Yin, Shi, Carreno, Ramon A., Zhang, Luping (2021): Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae. Zootaxa 5071 (2): 206-222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.2
03B287BFFFCCFFFF0FDE7FD3FDADFC73.text	03B287BFFFCCFFFF0FDE7FD3FDADFC73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Huntia morffei Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang 2021	<div><p>Huntia morffei gen. n. et sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 1-2)</p> <p>Type-host: Ceracupes fronticornis (Westwood)</p> <p>Type-locality: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.581665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.598057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.581665/lat 21.598057)">Bubang Village</a>, Sipsongpanna, Yunnan Province, China (21°35’53”N, 101°34’54”E).</p> <p>Type-material: Holotype female (HBNU-I-2021013); paratypes: 9 females (HBNU-I-2021014–2021022).</p> <p>Prevalence: 8.7 % (10 infected out of 115 examined)</p> <p>Intensity: 2–11 (mean 7) specimens.</p> <p>Site in host: Hindgut.</p> <p>Representative DNA sequences: One partial 28S and one partial 18S rDNA sequence of the new species are deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers MZ330362 and MZ330364, respectively.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is named after Jans Morffe, Curator of the Helminthological Collection, Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Cuba for his contributions to the thelastomatoid nematodes.</p> <p>Description. Female body comparatively large and robust, widening from base of head. Maximum body diameter near mid-body, gradually tapering towards anus. Cervical cuticle unarmed, without annulation. Body cuticle with distinct transverse striations and longitudinal striations (Fig. 2A). Lateral alae narrow, originating from middle of oesophageal procorpus and extending to level of anus. Head cone-like, truncate, continuous with body but without transverse and longitudinal striations, bearing 8 rounded papillae arranged in 4 pairs. Amphids pore-like, laterally situated. Oral opening oval, surrounded by a cuticular ring (Fig. 2A, B). First cephalic annule absent. Stoma very short (Fig. 1D), as long as head length, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular, subcylindrical procorpus, short isthmus, and spherical basal bulb with valve plate well developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, anterior portion slightly dilated (Fig. 1A, B). Nerve ring encircling procorpus at its posterior third. Excretory pore situated posterior to basal bulb. Vulva located near mid-body, with lips slightly salient (Fig. 2C). Vagina muscular, anteriorly directed. Didelphic-amphidelphic. Anterior ovary reflexed at about one half body width behind excretory pore, posterior ovary reflexed at about one body width before the anus. Eggs ovoid, ornamented with rough longitudinal ridges on shell (Figs. 1E, 2D). Eggs arranged transversely in a single row in uteri (Fig. 1A). Conical tail, subulate, ending in a sharp tip (Fig. 1C). Male not observed. Measurements in Table II.</p> <p>Remarks. In the Hystrignathidae there are three genera in which the females present the unarmed cervical cuticle, sub-cylindrical procorpus and didelphic reproductive system: Anomalostoma Cordeiro, 1981; Coynema Morffe &amp; García, 2011, and Kongonema Morffe &amp; García, 2013.</p> <p>Anomalostoma can be easily distinguished from the new genus by having the anterior part of the stoma strongly swollen. Huntia gen. n. differs from Coynema by having the sub-cylindrical procorpus and the anterior region of the intestine slightly inflated instead of the base dilation of procorpus and the anterior region of the intestine notably inflated. The new genus is different from Kongonema in having the head continuous with the body vs. the head separating from the body by a deep groove, and in having the cervical region without annulation vs. the strongly annulated cervical region.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287BFFFCCFFFF0FDE7FD3FDADFC73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Ningning;Yin, Shi;Carreno, Ramon A.;Zhang, Luping	Zhang, Ningning, Yin, Shi, Carreno, Ramon A., Zhang, Luping (2021): Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae. Zootaxa 5071 (2): 206-222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.2
03B287BFFFCBFFFF0FDE7E5AFAFEF996.text	03B287BFFFCBFFFF0FDE7E5AFAFEF996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parakongonema Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang 2021	<div><p>Parakongonema gen. n.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Female body robust. Cervical cuticle unarmed, strongly annulated. Lateral alae present. Head well developed, bearing eight rounded papillae. Amphids pore-like, laterally situated. Oral opening triangular, surrounded by cuticular ring. Ring surrounded by cuticular flap. First cephalic annule slightly inflated, about two head-lengths long. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, very short isthmus, and spherical basal bulb with valve plate well developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, anterior portion slightly dilated. Vulva located near mid-body, with lips slightly salient. Vagina muscular, anteriorly directed. Didelphicamphidelphic. Eggs ovoid, ornamented with rough longitudinal ridges on shell. Tail short, sharply attenuate, and filiform. Male unknown.</p> <p>Type species: Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n.</p> <p>Distribution: China.</p> <p>Etymology: The genus name refers to the close resemblance between this genus and Kongonema.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287BFFFCBFFFF0FDE7E5AFAFEF996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Ningning;Yin, Shi;Carreno, Ramon A.;Zhang, Luping	Zhang, Ningning, Yin, Shi, Carreno, Ramon A., Zhang, Luping (2021): Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae. Zootaxa 5071 (2): 206-222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.2
03B287BFFFC9FFF70FDE7F62FD7CFEFA.text	03B287BFFFC9FFF70FDE7F62FD7CFEFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parakongonema sinica Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang 2021	<div><p>Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 3-4)</p> <p>Type-host: Aceraius grandis (Burmeister).</p> <p>Other-host: Ceracupes fronticornis (Westwood)</p> <p>Type-locality: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.615278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=97.66361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.615278/lat 97.66361)">Tongbiguan Nature Reserve</a>, Yunnan Province, China (97°39’49”N, 24°36’55”E).</p> <p>Type-material: Holotype female (HBNU-I-2021033); paratypes: 11 females (HBNU-I-2021034–2021044).</p> <p>Prevalence: Ex Aceraius grandis: 75 % (12 infected out of 16 examined); ex Ceracupes fronticornis: 2.6 % (3 infected out of 115 examined).</p> <p>Intensity: Ex Aceraius grandis: 2-13 (mean 6) specimens; ex Ceracupes fronticornis: 1-6 (mean 4) specimens.</p> <p>Site in host: Hindgut.</p> <p>Representative DNA sequences: Two partial 28S and one partial 18S rDNA sequences of the new species from A. grandis are deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers MZ330359, MZ330363 and MZ330360, respectively.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet refers to its geographic location (China).</p> <p>.</p> <p>Description. Female body comparatively large and robust, widening from base of first cephalic annule, with maximum body diameter near mid-body, and gradually tapering towards anus. Cervical cuticle unarmed, strongly annulated (Fig. 4B, C). Rest of body with marked annuli decreasing their width towards level of anus. Subcuticular longitudinal striae present. Lateral alae originating from level of nerve ring and extending to level of anus. Lateral alae relatively narrower from nerve ring to base of bulb, becoming wider behind bulb base. Posterior ends of lateral alae rounded, forming short lobes (Figs. 3D, 4E). Head well developed, bearing eight rounded papillae. Amphids pore-like, laterally situated. Oral opening triangular, surrounded by cuticular ring. Ring surrounded by cuticular flap (Fig. 4B). First cephalic annule slightly inflated, about two head-lengths long. First cephalic annule cylindrical without subcuticular longitudinal striae (Figs. 3C, 4B). Stoma short, about 1.5 first cephalic annule lengths in diameter, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, very short isthmus, and spherical basal bulb with valve plate well developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, anterior portion slightly dilated. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at about mid-point of oesophagus. Excretory pore situated at about one body width posterior to basal bulb. Vulva located near mid-body. Vagina muscular, directed anteriorly. Didelphic-amphidelphic. Anterior ovary reflexed at about one half body width behind excretory pore, with posterior ovary reflexed at about one body width before the anus. Eggs ovoid, ornamented with rough longitudinal ridges on shell. Tail short, sharply attenuate, and filiform (Figs. 3A, 4E). Male not observed. Measurements in Table II.</p> <p>.</p> <p>Remarks. Parakongonema gen. n. is similar to the following genera of hystrignathid nematodes by having an unarmed cervical cuticle, sub-cylindrical procorpus and didelphic reproductive system: Anomalostoma; Coynema; Kongonema and Huntia gen. n.</p> <p>Anomalostoma is different from the new genus by having the anterior part of stoma strongly swollen. Parakongonema gen. n. differs from Coynema by having a sub-cylindrical procorpus and the anterior region of the intestine slightly inflated rather than having a basal dilation of the procorpus and the anterior region of the intestine notably inflated.</p> <p>The new genus is different from Kongonema in the cephalic structure (first cephalic annule cylindrical in the former vs. conical in the latter). Parakongonema gen. n. differs from Huntia gen. n. by the presence of a first cephalic annule instead of the absence of first cephalic annule. SEM observation of P. sinica gen. n. et sp. n. revealed the oral opening surrounded by a cuticular flap. This structure has not been observed on the species of Coynema, Kongonema, and Huntia by SEM observations. However, whether the flap of Anomalostoma species is present needs to be identified by the SEM observation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287BFFFC9FFF70FDE7F62FD7CFEFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Ningning;Yin, Shi;Carreno, Ramon A.;Zhang, Luping	Zhang, Ningning, Yin, Shi, Carreno, Ramon A., Zhang, Luping (2021): Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae. Zootaxa 5071 (2): 206-222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.2
03B287BFFFC3FFF70FDE7BD2FF0DFCC2.text	03B287BFFFC3FFF70FDE7BD2FF0DFCC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parahystrignathus Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang 2021	<div><p>Parahystrignathus gen. n.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Female: Body relatively stout. Cuticle strongly annulated in spiny area; annulations less pronounced in other parts of body. Female reaching its maximum width in middle of body. Cervical cuticle bearing alternating rows of spines. First row with 16 spines. Spines originating a short distance from head and extending to level of vulva. Lateral alae absent. Head well-developed, set off from body by a deep groove and bearing 8 papillae arranged in 4 pairs. Procorpus clavate, bulb spherical, valve-plate well-developed. Reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic. Vulva located posterior to mid-body. Tail short, conical. Male unknown.</p> <p>Type species: Parahystrignathus tongbiguanensis gen. n. et sp. n.</p> <p>Distribution: China.</p> <p>Etymology: The genus name refers to the close resemblance between this genus and Hystrignathus Leidy, 1850.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287BFFFC3FFF70FDE7BD2FF0DFCC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Ningning;Yin, Shi;Carreno, Ramon A.;Zhang, Luping	Zhang, Ningning, Yin, Shi, Carreno, Ramon A., Zhang, Luping (2021): Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae. Zootaxa 5071 (2): 206-222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.2
03B287BFFFC3FFF60FDE79CAFB67F90C.text	03B287BFFFC3FFF60FDE79CAFB67F90C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parahystrignathus tongbiguanensis Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang 2021	<div><p>Parahystrignathus tongbiguanensis gen. n. et sp. n.</p> <p>Type-host: Ceracupes fronticornis (Westwood).</p> <p>Other-host: Aceraius grandis (Burmeister).</p> <p>Type-locality: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.615278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=97.66361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.615278/lat 97.66361)">Tongbiguan Nature Reserve</a>, Yunnan Province, China (97°39’49”N, 24°36’55”E).</p> <p>Type-material: Holotype female (HBNU-T001); paratypes: 9 females (HBNU-T002-10).</p> <p>Prevalence: Ex Ceracupes fronticornis: 16.5% (19 infected out of 115 examined), ex Aceraius grandis: 12.5% (2 infected out of 16 examined).</p> <p>Intensity: Ex Ceracupes fronticornis: 1-27 (mean 8) specimens; ex Aceraius grandis: 2 (mean 2) specimen.</p> <p>Site in host: Hindgut.</p> <p>Representative DNA sequences: One partial 28S and one partial 18S rDNA sequences of the new species from C. fronticornis are deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers MZ330365 and MZ330361, respectively.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the species, Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China.</p> <p>Description. Female body relatively stout. Cuticle strongly annulated in spiny area and less annulated in other parts of body. Female reaching its maximum width in middle of body. Cervical cuticle bearing alternating rows of spines. First row with 16 spines (Figs. 5B; 6A). Spines originating a short distance from head (Figs. 5A, B; 6A), and extending to level of vulva (Figs. 5C; 6F). Spine length of first row, second row and third row about 4 μm, 8 μm, and 11 μm, respectively. From third row to end of procorpus, size of spines similar in size but gradually becoming smaller after procorpus (Fig. 5A, C). Lateral alae absent. Head well-developed, set-off from body by a deep groove and bearing 8 papillae arranged in 4 pairs. Amphids with small, slit-like apertures. Oral opening triangular, surrounded by a cuticular ring (Fig. 6C, D, E). First cephalic annule absent (Figs. 5B; 6A). Stoma relatively long, about 5 head lengths long, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular procorpus, short isthmus, and basal bulb. Procorpus clavate, bulb spherical, valve-plate well-developed. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at its midregion. Excretory pore located just posterior to base of bulb. Intestine simple, its anterior region slightly dilated. Reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic. Vulva located posterior to mid-body. Vagina extending anteriorly, connecting with two opposite uteri. Eggs ovoid, smooth-shelled. Tail short, conical. Male not observed. Measurements in Table III.</p> <p>Remarks. The new genus is similar to the following genera of hystrignathid nematodes by having a spiny cervical cuticle and didelphic reproductive system: Batwanema Morffe &amp; García, 2013; Carlosia Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1957; Chokwenema Morffe &amp; García, 2013; Hystrignathus; Lepidonema Cobb, 1898; Salesia Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958; Soaresnema Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958; Urbanonema Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958 and Xyo Cobb, 1898.</p> <p>Parahystrignathus gen. n. can be easily distinguished from Batwanema, Chokwenema, Lepidonema, and Salesia by having females with the cervical region armed with pointed spines instead of having scale-like projections. Carlosia differs from the new genus in the cervical region in having only two longitudinal rows of spines. Parahystrignathus gen. n. is different from Soaresnema by having females with a clavate vs. sub-cylindrical procorpus.</p> <p>Parahystrignathus gen. n. differs from Hystrignathus, Urbanonema and Xyo by lacking the first cephalic annule. In addition, Hystrignathus differs from the new genus in having the cervical cuticle bearing opposite vs. alternating rows of spines. Urbanonema differs from Parahystrignathus gen. n. by having the stoma with a dilated anterior end. Xyo is different from the new genus in having the first row with 32 spines instead of 16 spines.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287BFFFC3FFF60FDE79CAFB67F90C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Ningning;Yin, Shi;Carreno, Ramon A.;Zhang, Luping	Zhang, Ningning, Yin, Shi, Carreno, Ramon A., Zhang, Luping (2021): Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae. Zootaxa 5071 (2): 206-222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.2
