taxonID	type	description	language	source
038187C7FF91316FFF1C14BFAF62FE70.taxon	description	Figures 1, 3 – 10, Tables 1 – 3	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF91316FFF1C14BFAF62FE70.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Female, China, Guangdong, Nanling National Forest Park (It is named as “ Mangshan National Nature Reserve ” in Hunan Province), coordinates: 24.927170 N, 112.983979 E, alt. 1645 m, in forest, leg. Ji- Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen. 7. iv. 2018 (J 2018040707). Paratypes: one male, Hunan, Yizhang County, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, in decayed leaves near the entrance of Jiangjunzhai. leg. Ji-Gang Jiang, Yu- Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen. 6. iv. 2018 (J 2018040602) (24.956291 N, 112.955372 E, alt. 1230 m); one male and one female, ibid, in bamboo forest on the sides of highway at Tiantaishan, leg. Ji-Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen. 8. iv. 2018 (J 2018040806) (24.967959 N, 112.957361 E, alt. 1069 m); three females, ibid, in decayed leaves on the side of highway to Xiangsikeng, leg. Ji-Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen. 7. iv. 2018 (J 2018040706) (24.953868 N, 112.974373 E, alt. 1290 m); one female, ibid, in decayed leaves on the side of road at Houwangzhai, leg. Ji-Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen. 7. iv. 2018 (J 2018040702) (24.981000 N, 112.886172 E, alt. 650 m); one male, ibid, in decayed leaves of bamboo on the side of highway at Zeziping, leg. Ji-Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen. 7. iv. 2018 (J 2018040709) (24.944149 N, 112.980348 E, alt. 1506 m). Type materials are housed in the Key Laboratory of Zoology, Hunan University of Arts and Science (HUAS), Changde, Hunan Province, China.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF91316FFF1C14BFAF62FE70.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the species derives from its clavate macrochaetae on terga.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF91316FFF1C14BFAF62FE70.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Three uncolored eyes per side on head; cephalic chaeta O present; body tubercles well differentiated; cephalic tubercles Dl, L and So fused each other; mandible with 4 basal teeth and five fringed rami; maxilla with two lamellae and each lamella with two teeth; labral chaetotaxy as 0 / 2, 2.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF91316FFF1C14BFAF62FE70.taxon	description	Description. Body length: holotype 2.5 mm, paratypes 1.5 – 2.6 mm. Color: red while living and white in alcohol (Fig. 1). Chaetal morphology. Dorsal ordinary chaetae of five types. Long macrochaetae (Ml) weakly serrated and clavated (Figs 3, 8). Short macrochaetae (Mc) morphologically similar to Ml, usually smooth, shorter than Ml. Very short macrochaetae (Mcc) morphologically similar to and shorter than Mc. Mesochaetae (me) similar to ventral chaetae, thin, smooth, and pointed, various in length (Fig. 10). Microchaetae (mi) similar to mesochaetae and about half the length of the shortest mesochaetae (chaetae Oca, Di 2). S-chaetae (s) on terga thin, smooth, usually shorter than or equal to Mc (Fig. 3). Head. Eyes 3 + 3, uncolored, isolated from each other, two on anterior and one on posterior part of tubercle Oc, the anterior two eyes not included in the tubercle. Antenna 4 - segmented (Fig. 4). Ant. I with 9 chaetae. Ant. II with 11 Chaetae. Ant. III dorsally fused to Ant. IV. Guard chaeta sgd of Ant. III slightly migrated distally, two rods exposed in separate pits. Ant. IV dorsally with 8 subequal, slightly thickened and blunt sensilla (S 1 – 8), apical bulb trilobed, organite (or) present. Ventral chaetotaxy of Ant. IV: ap with 5 bs and 9 miA, ca with 1 bs and 6 miA, cm with 1 bs and 9 miA, cp with 16 miA (Fig. 5). On ventral side of Ant. III, Vi, Vc, Ve with 2, 3, 5 chaetae respectively (Fig. 5). Buccal cone developed, labrum truncated, chaetal formula as 0 / 2, 2 (Fig. 9). Labium with 11 chaetae, without papillae x. Mandible hypertrophied and complex (Fig. 6), consisting of 5 fringed rami, 4 teeth and some spine-like chaetae. Three of the 5 rami short, fringed, each ramus with long filaments, the other 2 rami long, developed, with marginal filaments, the 2 long rami about 10 times as long as the shortest one. Maxilla consisting of two lamellae, each lamella with 2 minute apical teeth, without marginal filaments (Fig. 7). Dorsal tubercles and chaetotaxy of head as in Table 1. and Fig. 3. Dorsal central area with 6 tubercles: 1 tubercle Cl, 2 tubercles Oc, 1 tubercle Fr and 2 tubercles An, the tubercle Fr and 2 An stand closely each other. Dorsal posterior area with 4 separate tubercles: 2 Di and 2 De, microchaetae Di 2 and De 2 free from tubercle Di and De. Line of chaetae Di 1 – De 1 crosses line of Di 2 – De 2 on head (cross-type) (Deharveng 1983). Tubercles Dl, L and So on dorsal lateral area fused each other. Ventral chaetotaxy of head. Group Vi with 5 chaetae, groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 4, 3 and 2 chaetae respectively. Thorax (Table 2 & Fig. 3). Th. I with 3 + 3 tubercles, Di, De, Dl with 1, 2, 1 chaetae respectively. Th. II with 4 + 4 tubercles, sensory microchaeta (ms) present on tubercle Dl. Th. III with 4 + 4 tubercles. Chaetotaxy of thorax and legs as in Table 2. Unguis with a basal inner tooth, without unguiculus. Tibiotarsus with chaeta M. Abdomen (Table 2 & Fig. 3). Abd. I – III respectively with 4 + 4 tubercles, tubercle Di, De, Dl and L with 2, 3 (2 + s), 2, 4 chaetae respectively. Abd. IV with 4 + 4 tubercles too, tubercle Di with 2 chaetae, tubercle De with 3 (2 + s) chaetae, tubercle Dl with 3 chaetae, tubercle L with 7 chaetae (6 + s). Abd. V dorsally with 3 + 3 tubercles, two tubercles Di separated, tubercle De usually separate from Dl, rarely De fuse to Dl. Abd. VI with 1 tubercle on each side. VT with 4 + 4 chaetae. Furcular remnant with 4 (3 – 5) chaetae (Fig. 10).	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF91316FFF1C14BFAF62FE70.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The new species inhabits the litter of the studied forests.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF91316FFF1C14BFAF62FE70.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Till now, 13 species of genus Crossodonthina have been reported worldwide, 12 species from Asia and only one from Oceania (Jiang & Zhang 2012, Hu et al., 2019). Four of these have 2 + 2 eyes, and the other 9 species have 3 + 3 eyes. Crossodonthina clavata sp. nov. is the tenth one with 3 + 3 eyes. In general appearance, Crossodonthina clavata sp. nov. is close to C. choui Jiang & Zhang, 2012 in the presence of chaeta O on tubercle Fr, having 4 chaetae on VT, the presence of S chaetae on tubercle L of Abd. IV and having 2 chaetae on each tubercle Di of Th. II – Abd. IV. However, C. clavata sp. nov. can be distinguished from the latter by differences in the arrangement of cephalic tubercles and body chaetotaxy. The former has fused tubercles on head, tubercles Dl, L and So fused each other, and has 4 chaetae (3 + s) on tubercle De of Th. II, versus having separated tubercles on head, tubercle Dl separated from tubercles L and So, and having 5 chaetae (4 + s) on tubercle De of Th. II in the latter. The new species is also similar to C. tridentiens Yue & Yin, 1999 from Shanghai in macrochaetae on terga sheathed, blunt and serrated; tubercle Di on Th. II – Abd. IV well defined; tubercle Oc with 3 chaetae; tubercle Di, De, Dl on Th. I with 1, 2, 1 chaetae respectively; cephalic tubercle Dl fused to L and So; tubercle De on Th. II with 4 (3 + s) chaetae. However, the former can be differentiated from the latter by having 4 basal teeth and 5 rami on mandible, 2 lamellae on maxilla, 1 microchaeta, 1 mesochaeta and 1 macrochaeta on tubercle Oc, 4 (sometimes 3 or 5) chaetae on furcular remnant, versus 3 basal teeth and 4 rami on mandible, 3 lamellae on maxilla, 2 short macrochaetae and 1 long macrochaeta on tubercle Oc, 3 chaetae on furcular remnant. The new species has a unique mandible morphology with 4 basal teeth and 5 rami, that different from all known species of the genus.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF973163FF1C14E4ACE6FE0C.taxon	description	Figures 2, 11 – 17, Tables 4 – 6	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF973163FF1C14E4ACE6FE0C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Female, China, Hunan, Yizhang County, Mangshan National Nature Reserve. Coordinates: 24.967959 N, 112.957361 E, alt. 1070 m, on the highway side at Tiantaishan, in forest of bamboo, leg. Ji- Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen, 8. iv. 2018 (J 2018040806). Paratypes: 4 females, Hunan, Yizhang County, on the road sides near the waterfall at Jiangjunzhai, leg. Ji-Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen, 7. iv. 2018 (J 2018040711) (24.954720 N, 112.923782 E, alt. 1121 m); one female, ibid, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, near the entrance of Jiangjunzhai, in decayed leaves, leg. Ji-Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang-Jun Chen, 6. iv. 2018 (J 2018040602) (24.956291 N, 112.955372 E, alt. 1230 m); one female, ibid, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, in a pit on the sides of highway near the hydropower station, in decayed leaves, leg. Ji-Gang Jiang, Yu-Yao Zhao, Fang- Jun Chen, 7. iv. 2018 (J 2018040704) (24.977702 N, 112.939269 E, alt. 930 m). Type materials are housed in the Key Laboratory of Zoology, Hunan University of Arts and Science (HUAS), Changde, Hunan Province, China.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF973163FF1C14E4ACE6FE0C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the species derives from its acuminate body macrochaetae.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF973163FF1C14E4ACE6FE0C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Three black eyes per side on head; all cephalic tubercles independent; chaeta O on tubercle Fr present; cephalic tubercle Di, De on posterior area of head with 2 chaetae each, arranged as intermediate between cross and non-cross type; mandible with 3 teeth and 8 rami; tubercle De of Th. I with 3 chaetae; furcular remnant without any chaeta.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF973163FF1C14E4ACE6FE0C.taxon	description	Description. Body length: holotype, female, 2.6 mm; paratypes, females, 2.6 – 3.8 mm. Body color: red while living and white in alcohol (Fig. 2). Chaetal morphology. Body dorsal side with four types of ordinary chaetae: long macrochaetae (Ml), short macrochaetae (Mc), very short macrochaetae (Mcc) and mesochaetae (me). All chaetae thin, smooth and pointed. S-chaetae (s) on terga smooth, thinner than ordinary chaetae, and equal to Ml in length. Head (Table 4, Fig. 11). Eyes 3 + 3, black. Antenna 4 - segmented. Ant. I with 10 chaetae. Ant. II with 11 chaetae. Two guard chaetae sgd and sgv present dorsally and ventrally on Ant. III respectively. Two short rods exposed in separate pits. Dorsally, 8 subequal, thickened and curved sensilla present on Ant. IV, apical bulb trilobed, organite (or) present (Fig. 14). Ventral chaetotaxy of Ant. IV: ap with 7 bs and 2 miA, ca with 2 bs and 1 miA, cm with 4 bs and without miA, and cp with 7 miA (Fig. 15). On ventral side of Ant. III, Vi, Vc, Ve respectively with 2, 4, 3 chaetae (Fig. 15). TABLE 4. Cephalic tubercles and chaetotaxy of C. acuminata sp. nov. Buccal cone developed, labrum truncated, labrum chaetae formula as 0 / 2, 2. Mandible with three basal teeth, five long rami and three short rami (Fig. 16). Maxilla with three lamellae, the longest lamella bifurcated, with filaments on the edge of the big ramus; the middle lamella with two teeth; the shortest lamella with only one pointed tooth (Fig. 17). Labium with 11 chaetae and no papillae x. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Table 4 and Fig. 11. Tubercles Cl, An, Fr and Oc on dorsal central area independent from each other. Dorsal posterior area with 4 separate tubercles: 2 Di and 2 De, its chaetotaxy arranged as intermediate between cross and non-cross type (Deharveng 1983). Dorsal lateral area with 3 separated tubercles: Dl, L and So, each tubercle L with 2 chaetae. Ventral chaetotaxy of head. Group Vi with 6 chaetae, groups Vea, Vem and Vep with 4, 4 and 3 chaetae respectively. Thorax (Table 5 & Fig. 12). Th. I with 3 + 3 tubercles: Di with 1 chaeta, De with 3 (or 2) chaetae, Dl with 2 chaetae. Th. II and Th. III respectively with 4 + 4 tubercles. Tubercle Dl of Th. II with 5 chaetae (including the microsensilla). Chaetotaxy of thorax and legs as in Table 5. Unguis with a basal inner tooth, unguiculus absent. Chaeta M present on tibiotarsus. Abdomen (Table 5 & Fig. 12). Abd. I – IV respectively with 4 + 4 tubercles, tubercle L of Abd. I with 5 – 7 chaetae (4 – 6 + s), tubercle L of Abd. II with 6 – 8 chaetae (5 – 7 + s), tubercle L of Abd. III with 8 – 9 chaetae (7 – 8 + s), tubercle L of Abd. IV with 8 chaetae, without sensory chaeta. Abd. V dorsally with 3 + 3 tubercles, two tubercles Di separate from each other, tubercle De separate from Dl, tubercle L with 3 – 4 chaetae. Abd. VI with 1 tubercle on each side. Ventral tube with 4 + 4 chaetae (Fig. 13). Furcular remnant without chaeta.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF973163FF1C14E4ACE6FE0C.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The new species was found only in the litter of studied forests.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
038187C7FF973163FF1C14E4ACE6FE0C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species can be differentiated from all known species of genus Crossodonthina by the following character combination: all cephalic tubercles independent, cephalic tubercle Di, De with 2 chaetae each, arranged as intermediate between cross and non-cross type chaetotaxy on posterior area of head, mandible with 3 teeth, five long rami and three short rami. Maxilla with 3 lamellae. Tubercle De and Dl of Th. I with 3 (2) and 2 chaetae respectively, furcular remnant without chaeta, tubercle L of Abd. I – III with a sensory chaeta each. Crossodonthina acuminata sp. nov. is the eleventh species with 3 + 3 eyes in the genus Crossodonthina. The new species is similar to C. formosana Yosii, 1965 from Taiwan in macrochaetae on terga smooth and pointed, tubercle Di on Th. II – Abd. III present, maxilla with 3 lamellae, Ant. IV with trilobed apical bulb, ventral tube with 4 + 4 chaetae. However, the former can be differentiated from the latter by having separated tubercle Dl, L and So on head, 8 rami and 3 teeth on mandible, 3 (2) chaetae on tubercle De of Th. I and no chaeta on Fu, versus having fused tubercle Dl + L + So on head, 4 rami and 1 big tooth on mandible, 1 chaeta on tubercle De of Th. I and 3 chaetae on Fu. C. acuminata sp. nov. also resembles C. nipponica Yosii, 1954 from Japan by the following characters: macrochaetae on terga smooth and pointed, cephalic tubercles Dl, L and So independent, mandible with 3 basal teeth and claw with an inner tooth. However, the former can be differentiated from the latter by having well defined tubercle Di on Th. II – Abd. IV, 8 rami on mandible, 2 chaetae on tubercle Dl of Th. I and no chaeta on Fu, versus having obscure tubercle Di on Th. II – Abd. IV, 2 rami on mandible, 1 chaeta on tubercle Dl of Th. I and 3 chaetae on Fu. In the genus Crossodonthina, C. altamontana Yoshii, 1981 has no chaetae on Fu, that is similar to C. acuminata sp. nov. However, the new species can be differentiated from the former by having 3 chaetae on tubercle Oc, separated tubercle Dl, L and So on cephalic lateral area, chaeta O present on tubercle Fr, versus 2 chaetae on tubercle Oc, fused tubercle Dl, L and So on cephalic lateral area, chaeta O absent on tubercle Fr. Furthermore, C. clavata sp. nov. and C. acuminata sp. nov. can be discriminated from each other and From known species with 3 eyes by the key provided below.	en	Jiang, Ji-Gang, Wang, Qing-Yun (2021): New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae). Zootaxa 5071 (4): 587-599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.7
