taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E23431FFA76D79FF25D6B7FDF3D102.taxon	description	Two species of Paraphronima were collected during this survey. When this contribution was being reviewed, a third species of this genus was described from the SE Gulf of California: P. robisoni Stenvers & Osborn, 2021 (Stenvers et al. 2021). After comparing our specimens of Paraphronima with this new species, we came to the conclusion that they cannot be assigned to P. robisoni.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA46D79FF25D047FD0FD5C6.taxon	description	García Madrigal, 2007: 143 (list); Guillén Pozo, 2007: 20 (key), 36, fig. 8, 121 (tab. 1), 138 ‒ 178 (passim), 149 (tab. 40); Lavaniegos & Hereu, 2009: 142 (tab. 1), 151 (appendix 1); Valencia & Giraldo, 2009: 268 (tab. 1); 2012: 1492 (tab. 1); Valencia et al. 2013: 51 (tab. 1); Lavaniegos, 2014: 4 (tab. 1). Hyperia pedestris Guérin-Méneville, 1836: pl. 25, fig. 6; Zeidler, 1995: 310 ‒ 311 (passim). Paraphronima clypeata Bovallius, 1885: 11, fig. 2. Paraphronima pectinata Bovallius, 1887: 13 ‒ 14. Paraphronima cuivis Stebbing, 1888: 1337 ‒ 1342, pl. 157.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA46D79FF25D047FD0FD5C6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 18 M and 11 F from 9 localities (Fig. 1). TALUD III. St. 19 B (25 ° 18 ’ 24 ” N, 109 ° 18 ’ 36 ” W), August 20, 1991, 2 M, IK from surface to 600 m (TD, 1890 m) (ICML-EMU- 12829). TALUD IV. St. 7 (22 ° 00 ’ 22 ” N, 106 ° 49 ’ 18 ” W), August 23, 2000, 3 M, 1 F, MN from surface to 500 m (TD, 1970 m) (ICML-EMU- 12830 - A); St. 22 (24 ° 17 ’ 20 ” N, 108 ° 50 ’ 30 ” W), August 26, 2000, 4 M, 1 F, MN from surface to 1325 m (TD, approx. 1800 m) (ICML- EMU- 12830 - B); St. 36 (25 ° 51 ’ 59 ” N, 110 ° 11 ’ 00 ” W), August 27, 2000, 3 M, 3 F, MN from surface to approx. 1300 m (TD, 2100 m) (ICML-EMU- 12830 - C). TALUD V. St. 5 (22 ° 00 ’ 57 ” N, 106 ° 40 ’ 00 ” W), December 13, 2000, 5 M, 2 F, MN from surface to ca 1400 m (TD> 1600 m) (ECO-CH-Z 10547); St. 36 (25 ° 54 ’ 30 ” N, 110 ° 11 ’ 24 ” W), December 17, 2000, 1 M, MN from surface to 1340 m (TD, 1990 m) (ICML-EMU- 12831). TALUD VI. St. 7 (22 ° 21 ’ 39 ” N, 107 ° 01 ’ 42 ” W), March 14, 2001, 2 F, MN from surface to 1305 m (TD, 2100 m) (ICML-EMU- 12832 - A); St. 29 (25 ° 16 ’ 24 ” N, 109 ° 24 ’ 54 ” W), March 16, 2001, 1 F, MN from surface to 1440 m (TD, 2080 m) (ICML-EMU- 12832 - B); St. 36 (25 ° 53 ’ 15 ” N, 110 ° 10 ’ 06 ” W), March 17, 2001, 1 F, MN from surface to 1360 m (TD, 2000 m) (ICML- EMU- 12832 - C).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA46D79FF25D047FD0FD5C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical waters including the Mediterranean Sea. In the Atlantic and Pacific oceans occurring up to 42 ° N and 52 ° N, respectively; rarely found in the Antarctic convergence (Vinogradov et al. 1996). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from Newport, California, USA, to the Gulf of California, Mexico (García Madrigal 2007).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA46D79FF25D047FD0FD5C6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Collected in 0 ‒ 1600 m, but rare below 500 m (Vinogradov et al. 1996). This species and its congener, P. gracilis Claus, 1879, are very difficult to identify because the characteristics used to differentiate them are sometimes mixed-up. These characters include the amplitude of the angle between the pereion and the first epimeral plate, the presence of spines on the ventral margin of pereopods 5 ‒ 7, and the relative length of pereopod 7. Both species are frequently found in the same sample.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA46D78FF25D703FE8ED1EA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 9 M, 10 F from six localities (Fig. 1). TALUD III. St. 3 B (22 ° 36 ’ 36 ” N, 106 ° 35 ’ 54 ” W), August 17, 1991, 1 F, IK from surface to 275 m (TD, 1585 m) (ICML-EMU- 12833 - A); St. 19 (25 ° 12 ’ 00 ” N, 109 ° 07 ’ 00 ” W), August 20, 1991, 2 F, I-K, surface to 410 m (TD, 920 m) (ICML-EMU- 12833 - B); St. 25 A 1 (25 ° 51 ’ 00 ” N, 109 ° 57 ’ 00 ” W), August 21, 1991, 1 M, IK from surface to 200 m (TD, ca. 1320 m) (ICML-EMU- 12833 - C); St. 19 B (25 ° 18 ’ 24 ” N, 109 ° 18 ’ 36 ” W), August 20, 1991, 1 M, 2 F, IK from surface to 600 m (TD, 1890 m) (ICML-EMU- 12833 - D). TALUD IV, St. 7 (22 ° 00 ’ 22 ” N, 106 ° 49 ’ 18 ” W), August 23, 2000, 6 M, MN from surface to 500 m (TD, 1970 m) (ICML-EMU- 12834 - A); St. 15 (23 ° 23 ’ 30 ” N, 107 ° 47 ’ 48 ” W), August 24, 2000, 2 F, MN from surface to 1500 m (TD, 2350 m) (ICML-EMU- 12834 - B). TALUD V. St. 5 (22 ° 00 ’ 57 ” N, 106 ° 40 ’ 00 ” W), December 13, 2000, 2 M, 3 F, MN from surface to ca 1400 m (TD> 1600 m) (ECO-CH-Z- 10548).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA46D78FF25D703FE8ED1EA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical water, including the Mediterranean Sea (Vinogradov et al. 1996). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (north to 27 ° 38 ’ 14 ” N) to Michoacán, including the Gulf of California, Mexico, and off Panama and Ecuador (García Madrigal 2007, Guillén Pozo, 2007, Valencia et al. 2013).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA46D78FF25D703FE8ED1EA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Found mostly to 500 m depth (Vinogradov et al. 1996), but García Madrigal (2007) recorded it from 1230 ‒ 1800 m.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA56D7FFF25D7DDFE33D7B8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 227 M and 454 F from 32 localities (Fig. 2). TALUD I. St. 5 (ca. 23 ° 16 ’ N, 107 ° 31 ’ W), December 11, 1989, 3 M, 3 F, BO from surface to ca. 200 m (TD> 1500 m) (ICML-EMU- 12836 - A); St. 6 (23 ° 15 ’ 54 ” N, 107 ° 31 ’ 12 ” W), December 12, 1989, 1 F, BO from surface to ca. 200 m (TD, 1550 m) (ICML-EMU- 12836 - B). TA- LUD III. St. 3 B (22 ° 36 ’ 36 ” N, 106 ° 35 ’ 54 ” W), August 17, 1991, 4 M, 6 F, IK from surface to 275 m (TD, ca. 650 m) (ICML-EMU- 12837 - A); St. 10 B (23 ° 43 ’ 24 ” N, 107 ° 39 ’ 06 ” W), August 18, 1991, 2 M, 9 F, IK from surface to 630 m (TD, ca. 900 m) (ICML-EMU- 12839 - A); St. 18 (ca. 25 ° N, 109 ° W), August 19, 1991, 1 M, IK, depth not registered (TD> 1000 m) (ICML-EMU- 12837 - B); St. 19 (25 ° 12 ’ 00 ” N, 109 ° 07 ’ 00 ” W), August 20, 1991, 1 M, 3 F, I-K, surface to 410 m (TD, 920 m) (ICML-EMU- 12837 - C); St. 19 B (25 ° 18 ’ 24 ” N, 109 ° 18 ’ 36 ” W), August 20, 1991, 86 M, 163 F, IK from surface to 600 m (TD, 1890 m) (ICML-EMU- 12838); St. 25 A 1 (25 ° 51 ’ 00 ” N, 109 ° 57 ’ 00 ” W), August 21, 1991, 29 M, 50 F, IK from surface to 200 m (TD, ca. 1320 m) (ICML-EMU- 12839 - B); St. 25 A 2 (25 ° 50 ’ 54 ” N, 109 ° 56 ’ 54 ” W), August 21, 1991, 5 M, 6 F, IK from surface to 230 m (TD, ca. 1200 m) (ICML-EMU- 12839 - C). TALUD IV. St. 7 (22 ° 00 ’ 22 ” N, 106 ° 49 ’ 18 ” W), August 23, 2000, 33 M, 33 F, MN from surface to 500 m (TD, 1970 m) (ICML-EMU- 12840); St. 15 (23 ° 23 ’ 30 ” N, 107 ° 47 ’ 48 ” W), August 24, 2000, 1 M, 4 F, MN from surface to 1500 m (TD, 2350 m) (ICML-EMU- 12841 - A); St. 22 (24 ° 17 ’ 20 ” N, 108 ° 50 ’ 30 ” W), August 26, 2000, 1 M, 9 F, MN from surface to 1325 m (TD, ca. 1800 m) (ICML-EMU- 12841 - B); St. 25 A 2 (25 ° 50 ’ 54 ” N, 109 ° 56 ’ 54 ” W), August 21, 2000, 2 M, 11 F, IK from surface to 230 m (TD, ND) (ICML-EMU- 12841 - C); St. 36 (25 ° 51 ’ 59 ” N, 110 ° 11 ’ 00 ” W), August 27, 2000, 2 M, 2 F, MN from surface to ca. 1300 m (TD, 2100 m) (ICML-EMU- 12841 - D). TALUD V. St. 5 (22 ° 00 ’ 57 ” N, 106 ° 40 ’ 00 ” W), December 13, 2000, 4 M, 56 F, MN from surface to ca. 1400 m (TD> 1600 m) (ICML- EMU- 12842 - A); St. 29 (25 ° 14 ’ 36 ” N, 109 ° 24 ’ 15 ” W), December 17, 2000, 3 M, 6 F, MN from surface to 1290 m (TD, 2040 m) (ICML-EMU- 12842 - B); St. 36 (25 ° 54 ’ 30 ” N, 110 ° 11 ’ 24 ” W), December 17, 2000, 10 M, 12 F, MN from surface to 1340 m (TD, 1990 m) (ICML-EMU- 12842 - C). TALUD VI. St. 7 (22 ° 21 ’ 39 ” N, 107 ° 01 ’ 42 ” W), March 14, 2001, 16 M, 21 F, MN from surface to 1305 m (TD, 2100 m) (ECO-CH-Z- 10550); St. 22 (24 ° 17 ’ 34 ” N, 108 ° 50 ’ 25 ” W), March 15, 2001, 5 M, 4 F, MN from surface to 1410 m (TD, 1760 m) (ICML-EMU- 12843 - A); St. 29 (25 ° 16 ’ 24 ” N, 109 ° 24 ’ 54 ” W), March 16, 2001, 5 F, MN from surface to 1440 m (TD, 2080 m) (ICML-EMU- 12843 - B); St. 36 (2) (25 ° 53 ’ 15 ” N, 110 ° 10 ’ 06 ” W), March 17, 2001, 2 M, 1 F, MN from surface to 1360 m (TD, 2000 m) (ICML-EMU- 12843 - C). TALUD VII. St. 15 B (23 ° 25 ’ 06 ” N, 107 ° 47 ’ 31 ” N), June 7, 2001, 1 M, 3 F, MN from surface to 1425 m (TD, 2320 m) (ICML-EMU- 12844 - A); St. 22 (24 ° 21 ’ 08 ” N, 108 ° 55 ° 14 ” W), June 7, 2001, 2 M, 3 F, MN from surface to 1415 m (TD, 2000 m) (ICML-EMU- 12844 - B); St. 29 (25 ° 17 ’ 31 ” N, 109 ° 24 ’ 30 ” W), June 8, 2001, 1 F, MN from surface to 1335 m (TD, 2080 m) (ICML-EMU- 12844 - C); St. 36 (25 ° 42 ’ 37 ” N, 110 ° 04 ’ 35 ” W), June 9, 2001, 4 M, 11 F, MN from surface to 1390 m (TD, 2400 m) (ICML-EMU- 12844 - D). TALUD X. St. 11 (27 ° 34 ’ 16 ” N, 111 ° 40 ’ W), February 11, 2007, 2 F, MN, from surface to 1215 m (TD, 1801 m) (ICML-EMU- 12845 - A); St. 23 (27 ° 00 ’ 30 ” N, 111 ° 12 ’ 00 ” W), February 14, 2007, 3 M, 1 F, MN from surface to approx. 1250 m (TD, 1770 m) (ICML-EMU- 12845 - B). TALUD XI. St. 6 A (16 ° 58 ’ 00 ” N, 100 ° 57 ’ 00 ” W), June 7, 2007, 1 M, MN from surface to 1400 m (TD, 1960 m) (ICML-EMU- 12846 - A); St. 19 B (16 ° 59 ’ 39 ” N, 100 ° 58 ’ 07 ” W), March 28, 2008, 1 M, 6 F, MN from surface to 1200 m (TD, 1995 m) (ICML-EMU- 12846 - B). TALUD XII. St. 15 C (17 ° 27 ’ 51 ” N, 102 ° 10 ’ 43 ” W), March 31, 2008, 1 M, MN from surface to 1530 m (TD, 1880 m) (ICML-EMU- 12847 - A); St. 22 (18 ° 11 ’ 27 ” N, 103 ° 52 ’ 29 ” W), March 31, 2008, 1 M, 1 F, MN from surface to 1340 m (TD, 2200 m) (ICML-EMU- 12847 - B); St. 28 B (18 ° 56 ’ 00 ” N, 104 ° 59 ’ 57 ” W), April 2, 2008, 4 M, MN from surface to 1425 m (TD, 2041 m) (ICML-EMU- 12847 C).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA56D7FFF25D7DDFE33D7B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, occasionally boreal; in the southern hemisphere to 50 ° S (Vinogradov et al. 1996). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from Newport to Baja California (García Madrigal 2007), in the Gulf of California (Siegel-Causey 1982; present study), and southward to Panama and Ecuador (Guillén Pozo 2007, Valencia et al. 2013).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA56D7FFF25D7DDFE33D7B8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Recorded from a wide depth range, from the surface to 1756 m (Shih & Hendrycks 2003) and to 2860 m depth (García Madrigal 2007). Shih & Hendrycks (2003) reported this species as the predominant species of Vibilia in their eastern Pacific survey. Lavaniegos (2014, 2020) reported it as one of the most abundant off the Baja California Peninsula.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA36D7EFF25D422FD5AD744.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 3 F from three localities (Fig. 3). TALUD IV. St. 36 (25 ° 51 ’ 59 ” N, 110 ° 11 ’ 00 ” W), August 27, 2000, 1 F, MN from surface to ca. 1300 m (TD, 2100 m) (ICML-EMU- 12848). TALUD V. St. 29 (25 ° 14 ’ 36 ” N, 109 ° 24 ’ 15 ” W), December 17, 2000, 1 F, MN from surface to 1290 m (TD, 2040 m) (ECO-CH-Z- 10551). TALUD VII. St. 36 (25 ° 42 ’ 37 ” N, 110 ° 04 ’ 35 ” W), June 9, 2001, 1 F, MN from surface to 1390 m (TD, 2400 m) (ICML-EMU- 12849).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA36D7EFF25D422FD5AD744.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northwestern Pacific Ocean, from the SW Bering Sea (Vinogradov et al. 1996) and ranging from the Gulf of Alaska (53 ° 52 ’ N) to off California (33 ° 11 ’ N) (Shih & Hendrycks 2003). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (Lavaniegos & Hereu 2009) to the SE Gulf of California, Mexico (present study). It has also been recorded from the Tasman Sea, SE Pacific (Zeidler 2003) and the Indian Ocean (Vinogradov 1990).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA36D7EFF25D422FD5AD744.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A geographically restricted species first recorded herein within the Gulf of California. Collected from 100 to 1300 m depth (Shih & Hendrycks 2003).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA06D7DFF25D40BFAB9D7DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 M and 3 F from three localities (Fig. 3). TALUD V. St. 5 (22 ° 00 ’ 57 ” N, 106 ° 40 ’ 00 ” W), December 13, 2000, 3 F, MN from surface to ca. 1400 m (TD> 1600 m) (ICML-EMU- 12850). TALUD VI. St. 22 (24 ° 17 ’ 34 ” N, 108 ° 50 ’ 25 ” W), March 15, 2001, 1 M, MN from surface to 1410 m (TD, 1760 m) (ICML-EMU- 12851); St. 29 (25 ° 16 ’ 24 ” N, 109 ° 24 ’ 54 ” W), March 16, 2001, 1 M, MN from surface to 1440 m (TD, 2080 m) (ECO-CH-Z- 10552).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA06D7DFF25D40BFAB9D7DC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Circumtropical (Vinogradov et al. 1996). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from off the Baja California Peninsula and in the Gulf of California south to Gorgona Island, Colombia (García- Madrigal 2007, Valencia & Giraldo 2012), with one isolated record at 35 ° 18 ’ N (Shih & Hendrycks 2003).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA06D7DFF25D40BFAB9D7DC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Vinogradov et al. (1996), V. chuni always occurs in small numbers. Present records confirm this suggestion. Shih & Hendrycks (2003) collected this species from surface to 230 m depth.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D7CFF25D1BEFB32D31F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 F from one locality (Fig. 3). TALUD V. St. 5 (22 ° 00 ’ 57 ” N, 106 ° 40 ’ 00 ” W), December 13, 2000, 2 F, MN from surface to ca. 1400 m (TD> 1600 m) (ICML-EMU- 12852).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D7CFF25D1BEFB32D31F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Most common in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, but has also been recordeed from the Pacific Ocean SE of Japan, and in the tropical waters of the East Pacific, probably including California (Vinogradov et al. 1996). It is absent from the Indian Ocean (Zeidler 2003).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D7CFF25D1BEFB32D31F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Californian records were based on juvenile specimens (Vinogradov et al. 1996). Gasca & Browne (2018) found some juveniles associated with Salpa maxima Forskål, 1775. Specimens observed herein are also juveniles and there is a possibility they are in fact juveniles (8.5 mm total length) of V. borealis Spence Bate & Westwood, 1868, a very similar species which has been recorded in the Mexican Pacific by Gasca et al. (2012). Vinogradov et al. (1996) recorded males and females of V. gibbosa of 7 mm and 8 mm only, respectively. Genetic studies could be necessary to help define which species occur in the northern hemisphere.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D7CFF25D278FB6DD6E0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 145 M, 86 F from 9 localities (Fig. 4). TALUD III. St. 3 B (22 ° 36 ’ 36 ” N, 106 ° 35 ’ 54 ” W), August 17, 1991, 3 M, I-K from surface to 275 m (TD, ca. 650 m) (ICML-EMU- 12853 - A); St. 6 (23 º 17 ’ 54 ” N, 107 º 30 ’ 18 ” W), August 18, 1991, 120 M, 75 F, AD from surface to 996 ‒ 1148 m (TD,> 1500 m) (ICML-EMU- 12854); St. 10 B (23 ° 43 ’ 24 ” N, 107 ° 39 ’ 06 ” W), August 18, 1991, 11 M, 8 F, I-K from surface to 630 m (TD, ca. 900 m) (ICML-EMU- 12853 - B); St. 19 (25 ° 12 ’ 00 ” N, 109 ° 07 ’ 00 ” W), August 20, 1991, 1 M, I-K, surface to 410 m (TD, 920 m) (ICML-EMU- 12853 - C); St. 19 B (25 ° 18 ’ 24 ” N, 109 ° 18 ’ 36 ” W), August 20, 1991, 3 M, 1 F, I-K from surface to 600 m (TD, 1890 m) (ICML-EMU- 12855 - A); St. 25 A 1 (25 ° 51 ’ 00 ” N, 109 ° 57 ’ 00 ” W), August 21, 1991, 1 M, IK from surface to 200 m (TD, ca. 1320 m) (ICML-EMU- 12855 - B). TALUD V. St. 5 (22 ° 00 ’ 57 ” N, 106 ° 40 ’ 00 ” W), December 13, 2000, 4 M, 1 F, MN from surface to ca. 1400 m (TD> 1600 m) (ECO-CH-Z- 10553); St. 29 (25 ° 14 ’ 36 ” N, 109 ° 24 ’ 15 ” W), December 17, 2000, 1 M, MN from surface to 1290 m (TD, 2040 m) (ICML-EMU- 12856). TALUD VI. St. 7 (22 ° 21 ’ 39 ” N, 107 ° 01 ’ 42 ” W), March 14, 2001, 1 M, 1 F, MN from surface to 1305 m (TD, 2100 m) (ICML- EMU- 12857).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D7CFF25D278FB6DD6E0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mostly found in the tropical waters of the eastern Pacific; also in NW Indian Ocean and South China Sea (Vinogradov et al. 1996, Zeidler 2003). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from 12 ° 56 ’ N, 104 ° 15 ’ W to 17 ° 55 ’ N, 119 ° 50 ’ W (Shih & Hendrycks 2003).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D7CFF25D278FB6DD6E0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Recorded as a rare species by Vinogradov et al. (1996), V. longicarpus is also considered a tropical species (Shih & Hendrycks 2003) which appears to be rather common in the Gulf of California where it has been previously reported by Gasca & Browne (2018) in association with the salp Metcalfina hexagona (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) at 315 m depth. Shih & Hendrycks (2003) found it from the surface to 225 m depth. It has been recorded as the 14 th most abundant species in the Mexican tropical Pacific by Gasca et al. (2012).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D73FF25D66CFA39D354.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 9 M and 30 F from seven localities (Fig. 4). TALUD I. St. 5 (ca. 23 ° 16 ’ N, 107 ° 31 ’ W), December 11, 1989, 1 M, BO from surface to ca. 200 m (TD> 1500 m) (ICML-EMU- 12858). TALUD III. St. 3 B (22 ° 36 ’ 36 ” N, 106 ° 35 ’ 54 ” W), August 17, 1991, 1 F, IK from surface to 275 m (TD, ca. 650 m) (ICML-EMU- 12859); St. 6 (23 º 17 ’ 54 ” N, 107 º 30 ’ 18 ” W), August 18, 1991, 1 M, 1 F, AD from surface to 996 ‒ 1148 m (TD,> 1500 m) (ECO-CH-Z- 10554). TALUD V. St. 5 (22 ° 00 ’ 57 ” N, 106 ° 40 ’ 00 ” W), December 13, 2000, 7 M, 25 F, MN from surface to ca. 1400 m (TD> 1600 m) (ICML-EMU- 12860). TALUD VI. St. 7 (22 ° 21 ’ 39 ” N, 107 ° 01 ’ 42 ” W), March 14, 2001, 1 F, MN from surface to 1305 m (TD, 2100 m) (ICML-EMU- 12861). TALUD XI. St. 19 B (17 ° 56 ’ 00 ” N, 103 ° 10 ’ 00 ” W), June 9, 2007, 1 F, MN from surface to 1490 m (TD, 1750 m) (ICML-EMU- 12862). TALUD XII. St. 4 (16 ° 59 ’ 39 ” N, 100 ° 58 ’ 07 ” W), March 28, 2008, 1 F, MN from surface to 1200 m (TD, 1995 m) (ICML-EMU- 12863).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D73FF25D66CFA39D354.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and temperate waters; ranging to 60 ° N in the Atlantic, to 50 ° N in the Pacific, and south to the Antarctic convergence (Vinogradov et al. 1996). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from 34 ° N to 23 ° S, including off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula and in the Gulf of California (Shih & Hendrycks 2003, García-Madrigal 2007).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFA16D73FF25D66CFA39D354.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Shih & Hendrycks (2003) collected this species more frequently in deep water (i. e., 850 ‒ 1350 m).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFAF6D72FF25D1BEFE30D2C8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 M and 1 F from one locality (Fig. 5). TALUD XII. St. 4 (16 ° 59 ’ 39 ” N, 100 ° 58 ’ 07 ” W), March 28, 2008, 1 M, 1 F, MN from surface to 1200 m (TD, 1995 m) (ICML-EMU- 12864).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFAF6D72FF25D1BEFE30D2C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tropical and temperate waters of the Atlantic, tropical water of the Indian Ocean, and in part of the Pacific, in SE of Japan, S of New Zealand, and in the eastern tropics (Vinogradov et al. 1996). In the eastern Pacific it ranges from 33 ° N to 20 ° S, including off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (Shih & Hendrycks 2003, García Madrigal 2007) and in the Gulf of California (present study).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFAF6D72FF25D1BEFE30D2C8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was not recorded by Siegel-Causey (1982) in his Gulf of California survey and only once during our survey. Shih & Hendrycks (2003) found it mostly in depth shallower than 250 m, with one exception at 1253 – 1207 m.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFAF6D71FF25D61DFB8FD22A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 M from one locality (Fig. 5). TALUD III. St. 3 B (22 ° 36 ’ 36 ” N, 106 ° 35 ’ 54 ” W), August 17, 1991, 1 M, IK from surface to 275 m (TD, ca. 650 m) (ICML-EMU- 12865).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFAF6D71FF25D61DFB8FD22A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical waters, including the Mediterranean Sea (Vinogradov et al. 1996). In the eastern Pacific it occurs between 19 ° N and 20 ° S, including off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula and in the Gulf of California (Shih & Hendrycks 2003, García Madrigal 2007).	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
03E23431FFAF6D71FF25D61DFB8FD22A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Vinogradov et al. (1996) V. stebbingi is always caught in small numbers, as in the present survey. Siegel-Causey (1982) also reported this species as very rare in the Gulf of California, with only two records at the entrance of the Gulf. In Mexican waters, it has been more frequently recorded in the California Current. Shih & Hendrycks (2003) found this species from the surface to 200 m depth.	en	Gasca, Rebeca, Hendrickx, Michel E. (2021): Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae. Zootaxa 5071 (4): 563-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.4.5
