taxonID	type	description	language	source
7C5A879BAE284E18FF373F71FBDEFB66.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 2, 12 – 18, 49 – 55)	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE284E18FF373F71FBDEFB66.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂, CHINA, Jiulianshan, Longnan County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 24.585 N, 114.514 E, elevation 370 m, feeding larvae on Camptotheca acuminata Decne. (Nyssaceae), adults emerged 24 – 26. viii. 2012, Jiasheng Xu, genitalia slide no. BX 12094 ♂ (GNU). Paratypes: 1 ♀, same label data as holotype, genitalia slide no. BX 12093 ♀ (GNU) and 1 ♂, 1 ♀, CHINA, Yunwushan, Guiding County, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province), genitalia slide no. Liu 0117 and Liu 01160001 (GNU).	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE284E18FF373F71FBDEFB66.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. External characters are not informative and insufficient for species differentiation in most cases of Coptotriche (or many other Tischeriidae), including this new species. In the male genitalia, the combination of a very slender phallus with a strongly widened apex (Fig. 17), distinctive spines on anellus (Fig. 14), and a rounded vinculum (Fig. 12) distinguish C. camptotheca sp. nov. from all other congeneric species. In the female genitalia, the distinctive spines on ductus spermathecae (Fig. 16) make this species unique. The host plant Camptotheca acuminata (Nyssaceae) also makes this species distinctive because there are no other species known to be feeding on Nyssaceae. Male (Fig. 2). Forewing length about 3.6 mm, wingspan 7.9 mm (n = 1). Head: frons, palpi and pecten glossy cream to fuscous; frontal tuft comprised of slender lamellar scales, brown, distally cream; collar glossy cream; antenna slightly longer than one half of the length of forewing; flagellum dark brown on upper side, pale ochre on underside; sensilla long. Thorax: ochre to ochre-brown; tegula ochre-brown. Forewing greyish yellow-ochre, densely speckled with black-brown scales along costal margin and apically; fringe yellowish grey to dark brown, without fringe line; forewing underside dark grey-brown. Hindwing dark grey-brown on upper side and underside; fringe yellowish brown. Legs ochreous cream to brownish cream, densely covered with greyish brown to black-grey scales on upper side. Abdomen glossy, ochre to dark brown on upper side and underside; anal plates large, dark brown-grey. Female (Fig. 1). Forewing length 3.3 – 3.8 mm, wingspan 7.7 – 8.5 mm (n = 2). Antenna half the length of forewing; flagellum without visible sensilla. Forewing stronger speckled with black-brown scales on tornus than in male. Hindwing and fringe grey. Otherwise, as in male. Male genitalia (Figs. 12 – 14, 17, 18). Capsule about 550 μm long. Uncus with two long lateral lobes. Socii membranous, distinctive (Figs. 13, 14). Tegumen short, with long lateral arms (Fig. 14). Valva about 445 μm long, gradually narrowing towards apex but rounded distally (Fig. 12). Transtilla with a short and very slender transverse bar and medium-short sublateral processes. Vinculum rounded anteriorly. Anellus membranous, covered with distinctive spines (Fig. 14). Phallus about 500 μm long (Fig. 17), very slender, with a strongly extended tulip-shaped apex and two short, lateral bands of spines. Female genitalia (Figs. 15, 16). Total length about 1450 μm. Ovipositor lobes large, clothed with short, modified, peg-like setae. Second pair of lobes almost equal to the main ovipositor lobes. Anterior apophyses significantly shorter than posterior apophyses; the latter widened distally. Prela comprised of three pairs of rod-like projections. Vestibulum without antrum, slightly thickened laterally. Ductus bursae considerably narrower than corpus bursae, without spines. Corpus bursae membranous, without spines or signa. Ductus spermathecae wide in proximal part, with distinctive spines (Fig. 16). Bionomics (Figs. 49 – 55). The host plant is Camptotheca acuminata Decne. (Nyssaceae), an evergreen tree (Fig. 50). Larvae mine leaves in August. The first to second larval instars produce a small, irregular, white blotchlike mine (Fig. 51); with the growth of the larvae, the mine expands into a long blotch-like mine (Figs. 54, 55). There is usually one mine per a leaf (Figs. 52, 53, 55). Pupation inside of the mine. Adults fly in late August and possibly September. Otherwise, biology is unknown.	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE284E18FF373F71FBDEFB66.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from the two localities in the Jiulianshan Mountains (China: Jiangxi Province) and the Yunwushan Mountains (China: Guizhou Province) at elevation of ca. 400 m along roadsides in the montane subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest (Fig. 49).	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE284E18FF373F71FBDEFB66.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after the host plant, Camptotheca Decne.	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2C4E1BFF373EDDFB90FBD6.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 – 5, 7, 19 – 28, 56 – 61)	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2C4E1BFF373EDDFB90FBD6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: 1 ♂, CHINA, Wuzhifeng, Shangyou County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 25.987 N, 114.195 E, elevation 394 m, feeding larvae on Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem. (Staphyleaceae), adults emerged 30. vi. 2014, Jiasheng Xu, genitalia slide no. BX 15012 ♂ (GNU). Paratypes (7 ♂): 6 ♂, same label data as holotype, genitalia slide no. Liu 0087001 ♂ (GNU); 1 ♂, VIETNAM, Lao Cai Province, 15 km NW Sa Pa, 22 ° 21 ’ 3 ” N, 103 ° 46 ’ 16 ” E, elevation ca. 1910 m, from feeding larva 21. ii. 2015, ex pupa iii. 2015, field card no. 5198, A. Diškus, genitalia slide no. AD 1056 ♂ (ZIN).	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2C4E1BFF373EDDFB90FBD6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Externally, C. turpinia sp. nov. is most similar to C. asiana sp. nov. (described below). From the latter, C. turpinia usually differs in the less distinctive dark marking of the forewing and the paler hindwing; however, some specimens of C. turpinia may be undistinguishable from C. asiana. In the male genitalia, the combination of a short distal process of the vinculum (Figs. 19, 20, 27), sinuous valva (Figs. 19, 20, 24), distinctive posterior excavations of vinculum (Fig. 25), and distinctly short tegumen (Figs. 19, 26) distinguish the new species from the most similar Japanese C. symplocosella Kobayashi & Hirowatari (see Kobayashi et al. 2016) and C. asiana. The host plant Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem. (Staphyleaceae) also makes this species distinctive because there are no other species feeding on Turpinia Vent. Male (Figs. 4 – 6). Forewing length 3.9 – 4.6 mm, wingspan 8.9 – 10.0 mm (n = 8). Head: frons, palpi and pecten ochreous cream to glossy whitish cream; frontal tuft comprised of lamellar scales, cream white to ochreous yellow, grey-brown basally; collar glossy, ochreous cream to ochreous yellow, comprised of slender lamellar scales; antenna significantly longer than one half of the length of forewing; flagellum ochre-yellow to ochreous cream, with about 37 segments; sensilla whitish cream, very fine, rather indistinctive. Thorax: ochreous cream to ochreous yellow, distally usually brown; tegula ochreous cream usually with some ochre scales or entirely ochreous yellow. Forewing ochreous cream to ocherous yellow, with some sparsely distributed brown-black or black scales which apically form a rather indistinctive C-shaped streak and small, irregular, rather indistinctive spot on tornus; fringe ochreous grey to ocherous yellow, without fringe line; forewing underside densely speckled with grey-brown or ochre-brown scales, except a large area below the fold. Hindwing pale grey to blackish grey on upper side and underside; fringe ochre glossy, pale grey or ochre-grey to blackish gray. Legs pale ochre to ochre-yellow, usually darkened with black-grey scales on upper side. Abdomen pale ochre to yellowish grey on upper side and underside; genital segments large, pale brown to yellowish cream; anal tuft dorsal, long, pale ochre-yellow to pale brown. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia (Figs. 19 – 28). Capsule 490 – 550 μm long. Uncus with two long lateral lobes. Socii membranous, distinctive (Figs. 19, 23). Tegumen distinctly short (Fig. 26), with long lateral arms (Figs. 19, 20, 26). Valva 405 – 500 μm long, wide (Fig. 19) and slightly sinuous (Figs. 19, 24). Transtilla with medium-short sublateral processes (Fig. 23) and a short transverse bar; the latter may be relatively wide (Fig. 23). Vinculum rounded (Fig. 19) or with a very small process anteriorly (Figs. 20, 27). Anellus indistinctive, membranous. Phallus 650 – 710 μm (occasionally 940 μm) long (Figs. 21, 25), very slender, with a strongly extended tulip-shaped apex and two long lateral bands of spines. Bionomics (Figs. 56 – 61). The host plant is Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem. (Staphyleaceae), an evergreen tree (Figs. 56, 58). Larvae mine leaves from December until early May of the subsequent year (C. turpinia seems to be hibernating in the larval stage). Morphology (shape and colour) of leaf mines change in the course of their development (Figs. 57 – 61). There are usually 2 – 5 mines per leaf (Figs. 58, 59). Mature larva is pale grey, 9.0 – 10.0 mm long. Pupation in a nidus at the end of the mine. Exit slit on upper side of the leaf, close to the end of the leaf mine.	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2C4E1BFF373EDDFB90FBD6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The new species is known from China (Jiangxi Province) and northern Vietnam (Lao Cai Province).	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2C4E1BFF373EDDFB90FBD6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after the host plant, Turpinia Vent.	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2F4E0CFF373E4DFB94FB02.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 – 11, 29 – 48, 62 – 79)	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2F4E0CFF373E4DFB94FB02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: ♂, VIETNAM, Lao Cai Province, 15 km NW of Sa Pa, 22 ° 20 ’ 58 ” N, 103 ° 46 ’ 16 ” E, elevation ca. 1920 m, mining larva on Symplocos sumuntia Buch. - Ham. ex D. Don (Symplocaceae), 20. ii. 2015, ex pupa iii. 2015, field card no. 5191, A. Diškus, genitalia slide no. AD 1044 (ZIN). Paratypes (13 ♂, 5 ♀): 6 ♂, 2 ♀, same label data as holotype, genitalia slides nos. AD 1043 ♂ (from adult in pupal exuviae), AD 1041 ♀ (ZIN); 5 ♂, 3 ♀, 15 km NW of Sa Pa, 22 ° 20 ’ 53 ” N, 103 ° 46 ’ 15 ” E, elevation ca. 1910 m, mining larvae on Symplocos poilanei Guill. (Symplocaceae), 20. ii. 2015, ex pupa iii. 2015, field card no. 5193, A. Diškus, genitalia slides nos. AD 1057 ♂, AD 1053 ♀ (GNU); 2 ♂, 15 km NW of Sa Pa, 22 ° 21 ’ 2 ” N, 103 ° 46 ’ 17 ” E, elevation 1920 m, mining larva on Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz. (Symplocaceae), 21. ii. 2015, ex pupa iii. 2015, field card no. 5197, A. Diškus, genitalia slides. nos AD 944 ♂ (from adult in pupal exuviae), AD 1054 ♂ (NRC).	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2F4E0CFF373E4DFB94FB02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Externally, C. asiana sp. nov. is most similar to C. turpinia sp. nov. (described above). From the latter, C. asiana often differs in the very distinctive dark marking of the forewing and the dark hindwing; however, some specimens of C. asiana may be undistinguishable from C. turpinia. In the male genitalia, the combination of a long distal process of the vinculum (Figs. 36, 39), strongly excavated valva (Figs. 36, 37, 42), and a long, anteriorly distinctly thickened tegumen (Fig. 38) distinguish this new species from the most similar C. symplocosella Kobayashi & Hirowatari (see Kobayashi et al. 2016) and C. turpinia. The host plant genus Symplocos is shared only with the Japanese C. symplocosella, but the latter possesses different genitalia with a short vinculum and slender valva. Male (Figs. 8 – 11). Forewing length 4.1 – 4.5 mm, wingspan 9.0 – 9.8 mm (n = 10). Head: frons, palpi and pecten glossy yellowish cream; frontal tuft comprised of yellowish cream lamellar scales and grey, long, piliform-like scales (Figs. 9, 10); collar ochreous yellow; antenna significantly longer than one half of the length of forewing; flagellum ochre-yellow; sensilla whitish cream, very fine, rather indistinctive. Thorax: ochreous yellow, sometimes with some brown scales distally; tegula ochreous yellow. Forewing ochreous yellow to bright ochre, with some sparsely distributed brown-black or black scales which apically form a distinctive C-shaped streak and small spot on tornus; fringe ocherous yellow, without fringe line; forewing underside densely speckled with ochre-brown scales, except for a large area below the fold. Hindwing dark grey on upper side and underside but may look paler depending on angle of view (Fig. 8); fringe ochre glossy, pale grey. Legs pale ochre-yellow, darkened with blackgrey scales on upper side. Abdomen yellowish grey on upper side and underside; genital segments large, yellowish cream; anal tuft dorsal, long, ochre-yellow to yellowish cream. Female. Forewing length 4.5 – 5.0 mm, wingspan 9.8 – 11.3 mm (n = 6). Hindwing slightly wider than in male. Otherwise, similar to male. Male genitalia (Figs. 29 – 42). Capsule about 730 μm long. Uncus with two long lateral lobes. Socii membranous, sometimes indistinctive. Tegumen relatively long (150 – 170 μm), with long lateral arms. Valva about 435 μm long, wide (Fig. 41), in ventral view, with a distinctive median excavation (Figs. 29, 36, 37, 42). Transtilla with medium-long sublateral processes and a slender, slightly curved transverse bar (Fig. 36). Vinculum with a distinctive, about 150 μm long process (Figs. 36, 39). Anellus distinctive, membranous, with numerous tiny spines (Fig. 29). Phallus 560 – 680 μm long (Figs. 29, 35), very slender, with a strongly extended tulip-shaped apex and two long lateral bands of spines (Figs. 30 – 34). Female genitalia (Fig. 43 – 48). Total length about 1245 μm. Ovipositor lobes very large (Fig. 45), densely clothed with short, modified, peg-like setae. Second pair of lobes weakly developed, rather indistinctive (Figs. 46, 47). Anterior apophyses significantly shorter than posterior apophyses; the latter sometimes slightly widened distally. Prela comprised of three pairs of rod-like projections. Vestibulum without antrum, slightly thickened laterally. Ductus bursae slender, without spines. Corpus bursae oval, membranous, without spines or signa. Ductus spermathecae wide and folded in proximal part (Fig. 43), with 8 – 10 large coils distally (Fig. 44). Bionomics (Figs. 62 – 79). Host plants are various Symplocos spp., including S. sumuntia Buch. - Ham. ex D. Don (Fig. 63), S. poilanei Guill. (Fig. 64), and S. glauca (Thunb.) Koidz. (Figs. 65, 66) (Symplocaceae). The larvae mine leaves in February. The leaf mines vary from distinctly reddish (Figs. 67 – 73) to white (Figs. 74 – 79). The shape of the leaf mines changes in the course of their development (Figs. 74, 76). Adults fly in March. Pupation in silken nidus, inside of the leaf mine.	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2F4E0CFF373E4DFB94FB02.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Coptotriche asiana is known from three sites close to Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam, at elevation of about 1900 – 2000 m (Fig. 62).	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
7C5A879BAE2F4E0CFF373E4DFB94FB02.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after the continent where it occurs.	en	Xu, Jiasheng, Dai, Xiaohua, Rimšaitė, Jolanta, Diškus, Arūnas, Stonis, Jonas R. (2021): Discovery of the new Coptotriche species in China revealed two novel host-plant families and host-plant orders for Tischeriidae, a family of stenophagous, leafmining lepidopterans. Zootaxa 5071 (1): 76-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.4
