taxonID	type	description	language	source
1C6E87CA4013A401FF06839ADFEFE437.taxon	description	“ Undescribed Genus C ” – Gaimari, 2010: 1005.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4013A401FF06839ADFEFE437.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Leucopis atrifacies Aldrich, by present designation.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4013A401FF06839ADFEFE437.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The prefix Leuco-, in reference to the genus Leucopis, appended with the feminine Greek noun taraxis, meaning “ confusion, disturbance. ” The name refers to the historical confusion surrounding the proper genus placement of the included species.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4013A401FF06839ADFEFE437.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The body is compact and small (2.1 mm or less), but more delicate than typical leucopines. Postocellar and ocellar setae are absent. The frons is flat and meets the lunule at nearly a 90 ° angle. The fronto-orbital and median areas of the frons have long, erect white setulae, but lack setae. The lunule has a straight to slightly curved upper margin, appearing squared, and in some species is dark brown to black along with the face, parafacial and medial part of the gena. The face has deep antennal grooves and is either all black or all silvery pruinose. The mouthparts are very small and held within the oral cavity above the small cylindrical palpi. The antennae are black. The scutum is entirely silvery-grey pruinose, lacking dorsocentral vittae, and with 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae in the posterior part of the scutum. Prescutellar setae are absent. Prescutellum present. Scutellum concolorous with scutum. The abdominal tergites are dark silvery-grey pruinose, except the dorsal parts of syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3 are bronzy pruinose. In the male genitalia, the phallus is always elongated, and can be either gently or strongly curved, and some species lack a pregonite. In the female, sternite 6 is wider than preceding sternites, tergite 7 is strap-like when present, sternite 7 is arcuate when present, all setulae of the pseudo-ovipositor are tiny, and spermathecae are 2 + 2. Immatures. The eggs and puparia are known for three of the species included in this genus, with the following generalities in common. Egg (Fig. 1 A). With series of 11 – 13 longitudinal ridges frequently anastomosing into a diagonally reticulated pattern, most densely at posterior pole. Puparium (Fig. 1 B). The puparium is barrel-shaped, slightly flattened, with a convex dorsal surface which is smooth except for tiny spicules. The dehiscent anterior segments (dorsal and ventral) each slope in lateral view into a thin anterior-most part. Anterior spiracle with slit-like spiracular opening at tip of each of 3 – 5 finger-like lobes. The posterior spiracles are on separated, raised tubercles with sharp strong spinules in the distal half (Figs 1 C – D); distally, spiracle trilobed, with slit-like spiracular opening at tip of each finger-like lobe.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4013A401FF06839ADFEFE437.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Species of this genus are known as larval predators of Adelgidae on Pinaceae, with three species also associated with aphids in the genus Cinara Curtis. Although never reared from Cinara as prey, adults have been collected from Cinara - infested pines.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4013A401FF06839ADFEFE437.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Contrary to Tanasijtshuk (1986) placing Leucopis adelgivora Tanasijtshuk in his “ argenticollis - group ” with an implied close relationship, that species is a typical Leucopis (Leucopis) that happens to feed on adelgids and does not belong to this new genus. In describing Leucopis astonea McAlpine, McAlpine (1977) posited its relationship with the group of species now included in this genus. However, despite several characteristics held in common, it is included in the discrete genus Vitaleucopis, which differs in several substantial respects from Leucotaraxis, including egg and puparial morphology, as well as adult external and genitalic morphology. However, it does seem possible that both genera belong to a complex of related genera with similar feeding habits, also including Anchioleucopis Tanasijtshuk, Lipoleucopis Meijere and Neoleucopis Malloch. The key to species of Leucotaraxis is included as couplets 38 – 43 in the key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-infesting Sternorrhyncha, below.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4012A407FF0682BADA80E60B.taxon	description	(Figs 1 B – C, 2 A – B, 3 A, 3 D – E)	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4012A407FF0682BADA80E60B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The face and lunule (Fig. 2 B) are silvery-grey pruinose. The postpronotum (Fig. 2 A) has 1 to several long setulae (longer than the setulae on the scutum) medially from the postpronotal seta. In the male (see figs 8 – 16, 19 in McAlpine & Tanasijtshuk 1972), the epandrial complex is simple, small, and yellowish- to silvery-grey pruinose, with no central epandrial process; the surstylar lobe is short and slender, the phallus (Fig. 3 A) is broad in lateral view with a wedge-shaped anterobasal process at a 90 ° angle from the thin elongate pointed process. In the female (Figs 3 D – E), tergites (Fig. 3 E) with tergite 6 enlarged and slightly less than 2 X wider than long, tergite 7 present and strap-like, tergite 8 longer than wide, slightly tapering distally; sternites (Fig. 3 D) with sternite 6 enlarged and about 2 X wider than long, sternite 7 present and arcuate. Immatures. Egg. Measurements as in Leucotaraxis atrifacies (Fig. 1 A). Larvae. Described and figured in McAlpine & Tanasijtshuk (1972). Puparium (Fig. 1 B). Length 2.3 – 2.8 mm, width 0.9 – 1.0 mm. Dehiscent anterior segments (dorsal and ventral) 0.05 – 0.06 mm long. Raised posterior spiracular tubercles (Fig. 1 C) 0.12 – 0.16 mm long, darkly sclerotized.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4012A407FF0682BADA80E60B.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Predators as larvae on species of Adelges Vallot and Pineus Shimer (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) on Pinaceae (Abies, Picea, Pinus, Tsuga). Specific records (including our own rearings) include: Adelges piceae on Abies balsamea; Adelges tsugae on western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Kohler et al. 2008); Pineus abietinus Underwood & Balch on Abies lasiocarpa; Pineus boerneri on Pinus henryi; Pineus coloradensis (Gillette) on Pinus banksiana, Pinus contorta, Pinus flexis, Pinus monticola, and Picea engelmannii; Pineus pineoides (Cholodkovsky) on Picea sp.; Pineus pini on Pinus sylvestris; Pineus similis (Gillette) on Picea glauca and Picea abies; Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (Wantuch et al. 2019); Pineus spp. on Picea glauca, Pinus contorta, Pinus insularis, Pinus pentaphylla, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus and Pinus sylvestris (McAlpine & Tanasijtshuk 1972). Several specimens were swept from infestations of Cinara ponderosae (Williams) in young stands of Pinus ponderosa (e. g., height less than 5 m throughout the large stand), but despite rearing> 150 chamaemyiid larvae from this host, none were this species but were instead Vitaleucopis nidolkah Gaimari and an undescribed species of Leucopis (Leucopis). It remains a possibility that Leucotaraxis argenticollis is also a predator in that system, whether on the Cinara aphids or on adelgids unseen by the first author while collecting.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4012A407FF0682BADA80E60B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. At two different localities (one in New Mexico and one in Arizona), this species was collected together with Chamaethrix necopina Gaimari, Leucotaraxis atrifacies and Vitaleucopis nidolkah, and at the New Mexico locality also with Leucotaraxis sepiola. The puparial stage is distinguishable from that of Leucotaraxis atrifacies and L. piniperda by the slightly longer posterior spiracular tubercle, which is more darkly sclerotized distally in this species, and the slightly larger size. The three specimens from Coconino County, Arizona, were mistakenly listed by Tanasijtshuk (2002) as Leucopis piniperda.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4012A407FF0682BADA80E60B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nearctic: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Quebec). USA (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming). Oriental. India (Rao 1965). Palearctic: England (McLean 1982), Japan, Russia (McAlpine & Tanasijtshuk 1972), Sweden. Specimens examined. Nearly all specimens from McAlpine & Tanasijtshuk (1972) were examined, with additional specimens as follows. CANADA: ALBERTA. Seele, H 2 O Rd, 12. i. 1971, coll. L. S. Skaley, ex. duff around P [inus]. contorta, 3916, 74 - 726 15 (1 ♀, CNC). BRITISH COLUMBIA. Atlin, 2200 ft., 2. vi. 1955, coll. H. Huckel (1 ♀, CNC). Burns Lake, 8. vii. 1993, coll. L. M. Humble, ex. Pinus contorta foliage, emerged 20. vii. 1993, FIDS No. 93 - 0504 - 02 (1 ♀, PFCA). Kitimat, 2. vi. 1960, coll. R. Pilfrey (1 ♂, CNC), coll. J. G. Chillcott, ex. hemlock forest (1 ♀, CNC). Princeton, 19. v. 1986, ex. pine leader (1 ♀, CNC). Saanichton, 26. iii. 1993, coll. L. M. Humble, ex. beating of hemlock foliage infested with Adelges tsugae, FIDS No. 93 - 0005 - 01 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CSCA; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, PFCA), 30. iv. 1993, FIDS No. 93 - 0037 - 02 (2 ♂, 2 ♀, PFCA), 11. vi. 1993, FIDS No. 93 - 0204 - 01 (1 ♀, PFCA), 28. v. 1993, ex. puparia in Adelges tsugae wool on Tsuga heterophylla, emerged 31. v. 1993, FIDS No. 03 - 0102 - 01 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CSCA; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, PFCA). Summit Lake, Mile 392 Alaska Highway, 4200 ft., 21. vii. 1959, R. E. Leech (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC), 5000 ft., 6. vii. 1959, coll. R. E. Leech (1 ♂, CNC). ONTARIO. Ottawa, 4. vii. 1963, coll. J. R. Vockeroth, ex. Pineus similis on Picea glauca, emerged 15. vii. 1963 (1 ♀ with puparium, CNC). Ottawa, 17. vii. 1963, coll. J. R. Vockeroth (3 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC), 22. vii. 1963 (3 ♂, CNC), 23. vii. 1963 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). Hazeldean, 23. vi. 1963, coll. A. W. Steffan, ex. reared on Pineus similis on Picea abies, emerged 7. vii. 1963 (1 ♀, CNC). QUEBEC. Duchesnay, 21. vii. 1942, coll. Jos. I. Beaulne (1 ♂, QMOR). Gatineau County, Masham Township, 21. v. 1974, coll. D. M. Wood (1 ♀, CNC). USA: ALASKA. Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Big Lake, 10. vii. 2020, coll. Jason Moan, ex. Pineus coloradensis on Pinus contorta (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996080). ARIZONA. Apache Co., Apache National Forest, 0.3 mi. S mi. 249 on US Route 191, 5 mi. S Alpine, along Coleman Creek, 33 ° 47 ’ 24 ” N 109 ° 10 ’ 01 ” W, 2500 m, 30. vi. 1995, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep Pinus ponderosa (2 ♀, CSCA), 1. vii. 1996 (1 ♀, CSCA); clearing 6.4 mi. N southern junction Forest Roads 24 & 25 on Road 24, 33 ° 39 ’ 22 ” N 109 ° 21 ’ 38 ” W, 2725 m, 2. vii. 1995, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep vegetation, including Pinus ponderosa (2 ♀, CSCA). Coconino Co., Fort Valley Experiment Station, 13. iii. 1929, Lot VII (1 ♀, USNM), 15. iii. 1929, Lot VI (1 ♂, USNM), 18. iii. 1929, Lot II (1 ♀, USNM). CALIFORNIA. Riverside Co., Riverside, UCR campus, 10. vi. 1963, coll. R. C. Dickson (1 ♀, CNC). COLORADO. Larimer Co., Zimmerman Lake trail, 40.5397, – 105.8792, 27. vii. 2016, coll. Nathan Havill, ex. Pineus coloradensis on Picea engelmannii (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 857047). CONNECTICUT. Hartford Co., Hartford, Cedar Hill Cemetery, 41.7266, – 72.6932, 5. vi. 2016, coll. M. E. Montgomery, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (6 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 961206 – 11). Litchfield Co., Bridgewater, Skyline Ridge Rd., 41.4704, – 73.3190, 6. vii. 2002, coll. N. Havill, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 puparium [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856455). GEORGIA. Union Co., Byron H. Reese Trailhead, 34.7422, – 83.9227, 20. v. 2018, coll. Jim Sullivan, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (7 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996058 – 64). White Co., Helen, Chattahoochee National Forest, 34.7930, – 83.7558, 13. ix. 2019, coll. Jim Sullivan, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (7 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 979185 – 88, ENT 979191, ENT 979199, ENT 979204). IDAHO. Boise Co., Boise National Forest, 43.8963, – 115.7125, 13. ix. 2016, coll. Kelsey Bedford, ex. Adelges piceae on Abies lasiocarpa (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 961177). Kootenai Co., Coeur d’Alene, 47.697, – 116.772, 23. v. 2013, coll. Gina Davis, ex. Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla (5 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856473 – 77). MASSACHUSETTS. Franklin Co., Sunderland, Mt. Toby State Forest, 42.4892, – 72.5314, 13. v. 2018, coll. Ryan Crandall, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (4 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996067 – 70). Worcester Co., Worcester, 42.2790, – 71.7733, 12. v. 2018, coll. Felicia Andre, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 puparium, 3 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996065 – 67). MINNESOTA. Crow Wing Co., Kettleson’s, 46.65631 ° N 94.06856 ° W, 28. v. 2009, coll. N. Havill & J. Albers, ex. reared from Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus, N. Havill sample 09 - 135, Specimen # 09 E 489 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 488 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 504 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 525 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC). Itasca Co., Grand Rapids, UMN North Central Research and Outreach Center, 47.2517, – 93.5103, 28. v. 2009, coll. Nathan Havill, Jana Albers, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856650). Stearns Co., Birch Lakes State Forest, 45 ° 45 ’ 51 ” N 94 ° 46 ’ 03 ” W, 23. vi. 2009, coll. R. Tiplady, ex. reared from Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 puparium, 2 adults [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856456 (puparium), ENT 856414, ENT 856417), 30. v. 2009, coll. N. Havill & R. Tiplady, ex. reared from Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus, N. Havill sample 09 - 136, Specimen # 09 E 484 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 485 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 486 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 487 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 492 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 493 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 494 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 495 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 496 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 497 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 501 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 502 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Voucher # 09 E 509 (13 ♀, CSCA-FTC). MONTANA. Park Co., Yellowstone National Park, Cascade Lake Trail, 44.7518, – 110.4863, 19. ix. 2016, coll. Gina Davis, Lee Pederson, ex. Pineus coloradensis on Pinus contorta (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 96215). Teton Co., Choteau 47.8976, – 112.5721, 24. viii. 2017, coll. Gina Davis, ex. Pineus coloradensis on Pinus flexilis (2 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996081 – 82). NEW HAMPSHIRE. Hillsborough Co., Hillsboro, Fox State Forest, 43.1316, – 71.9286, 29. viii. 2016, coll. Jennifer Weimer, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (3 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 961212 – 14). Rockingham Co., Pawtuckaway State Park, 43.0869, – 71.1574, 30. iv. 2019, coll. Jennifer Weimer, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 961221). NEW MEXICO. Lincoln Co., Lincoln National Forest, 2.4 km W Angus, Mills Canyon, along Rio Bonito, 33 ° 27 ’ 05 ” N 105 ° 41 ’ 46 ” W, 2130 m, 18 – 19. vi. 1995, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep colonies of Cinara ponderosae on Pinus ponderosa (1 ♂, CSCA), 26. vi. 1995 (3 ♀, CSCA-FTC). McKinley Co., Cibola National Forest, Zuni Mountains, 4.4 mi. SE Fort Wingate, 35 ° 25 ’ 49 ” N 108 ° 29 ’ 17 ” W, 7300 ft., 25. vi. 1996, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex sweep Pinus edulus (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CSCA). NEW YORK. Monroe Co., Rochester, Highland Park, 43.1278, – 77.6122, 8. vii. 2017, coll. Cynthia Smith, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 puparium [molecular voucher], CUIC). OHIO. Portage Co., Kent, 13. vii. 1969, coll. T. P. Sluss (1 ♂, UAIC). OREGON. Deschutes Co., Deschutes River, 1 mi. SW Pringle Falls, 4250 ft., 31. vii. 1970, coll. Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., ex. flight trap (1 ♀, CAS). Lake Co., Fort Rock, Deschutes National Forest, 43.5651, – 121.1768, 25. iv. 2104, coll. Glenn Kohler, ex. Pineus coloradensis on Pinus contorta (1 puparium [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996083). PENNSYLVANIA. Centre Co., Boalsburg, Shingletown Rd. & West Main St., 40 ° 46 ’ 27 ” N 77 ° 48 ’ 44 ” W, 11. iv. 2009, coll. N. Havill & M. Nehme, ex. swept Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus, N. Havill sample 09 - 42, Specimen # 09 E 490 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 491 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA). UTAH. Weber County, Eden, 41.3715, – 111.9228, iv. 2020, coll. Justin Williams, ex. Adelges piceae on Abies lasiocarpa (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996084). VIRGINIA. Giles Co., Jefferson National Forest, Dismal Falls, 37.19263, – 80.8923, 13. iv. 2016, coll. Holly Wantuch, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (6 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 906890, ENT 906894 – 95, ENT 906897, ENT 906899 – 900). Pulaski Co., Pulaski, Gatewood Park and Reservoir, 37.0622, – 80.8363, 2. vii. 2014, coll. Holly Wantuch, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 906874). Wythe Co., Speedwell, Mt. Rogers National Recreation Area, 36.7722, – 81.1752, 23. vi. 2014, coll. Holly Wantuch, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 906876). WASHINGTON. Clallam Co., Blyn, 48 ° 04.120 ’ N 122 ° 57.400 ’ W, 2. iv. 2005, coll. Glenn Kohler (1 ♀ (SDG dissection 1384), CSCA), 9. vi. 2005 (1 ♂ (SDG dissection 1274), CSCA). Seguim, 48 ° 06.480 ’ N 123 ° 12.580 ’ W, 25. vii. 2005, coll. Glenn Kohler (1 ♀, CSCA). Clark Co., Vancouver, 45.7037, – 122.6695, 23. x. 2012, coll. Glenn Kohler, ex. Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla (2 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856464, ENT 856471). Island Co., Coupeville, 48 ° 12.050 ’ N 122 ° 37.550 ’ W, 26. vii. 2005, coll. Glenn Kohler (2 ♂, CSCA). King Co., Vashon, 47 ° 27.200 ’ N 122 ° 26.950 ’ W, 9. vi. 2005, coll. Glenn Kohler (1 ♀, CSCA). Pierce Co., Ruston, 47 ° 18 ’ 02.86 ” N 122 ° 31 ’ 01.31 ” W, 7. vii. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, S. Grubin sample SU 147, Specimen # 10 F 867 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), 22. vii. 2010, Specimen # 10 F 876 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC). Tacoma, 47 ° 16 ’ 41.02 ” N 122 ° 31 ’ 01.69 ” W, 21. vi. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, S. Grubin sample L 28 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), 7. vii. 2010, S. Grubin sample L 40 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), 22. vii. 2010, S. Grubin sample L 42, Specimen # 10 F 877 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), no date, S. Grubin sample L 54 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA). Tacoma, Point Defiance, 47 ° 18.246 ’ N, 122 ° 30.979 ’ W, 4. v. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, S. Grubin sample SP 047, Specimen # 10 F 694 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample SP 059, Specimen # 10 F 693 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), 20. v. 2010, Specimen # 10 F 674 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 675 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample L 20, Specimen # 10 F 679 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample L 22, Specimen # 10 F 681 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample L 24, Specimen # 10 F 680 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample SP 075, Specimen # 10 F 683 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), S. Grubin sample SP 077, Specimen # 10 F 682 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), 4. vi. 2010, Specimen # 10 F 671 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 672 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 673 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), S. Grubin sample SP 079, Specimen # 10 F 700 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA). Tacoma, Point Defiance, 47 ° 16 ’ 41.02 ” N, 122 ° 31 ’ 1.69 ” W, 20. v. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, Specimen # 10 F 659 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 660 (1 ♀ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 661 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), 7. vii. 2010, S. Grubin sample L 38, Specimen # 10 F 881 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC). Tacoma, 47 ° 16 ’ 49.80 ” N, 122 ° 30 ’ 58.96 ” W, 24. iv. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, S. Grubin sample SP 009, Specimen # 10 F 688 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample SP 029, Specimen # 10 F 687 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), 4. v. 2010, S. Grubin sample SP 064, Specimen # 10 F 702 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), 9. iv. 2010, S. Grubin sample SP 011, Specimen # 10 F 686 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), S. Grubin sample SP 013, Specimen # 10 F 685 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample SP 017, Specimen # 10 F 684 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), 22. vii. 2010, S. Grubin sample L 56 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 875 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC). Thurston Co., Olympia, 47 ° 01 ’ 03.42 ” N, 122 ° 54 ’ 10.50 ” W, 24. iv. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, S. Grubin sample SP 025, Specimen # 10 F 699 (1 ♀ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), S. Grubin sample SP 039, Specimen # 10 F 695 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), Specimen # 10698 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), S. Grubin sample SP 041, Specimen # 10 F 697 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher, CSCA), S. Grubin sample SP 042, Specimen # 10 F 696 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), 5. v. 2010, Specimen # 10 F 676 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 677 (1 ♀ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), S. Grubin sample SP 060, Specimen # 10 F 691 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample SP 062, Specimen # 10 F 690 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample SP 063, Specimen # 10 F 689 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), S. Grubin sample SP 065, Specimen # 10 F 692 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), 20. v. 2010, Specimen # 10 F 662 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), 21. vi. 2010, S. Grubin sample SU 088, Specimen # 10 F 869 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), 22. vii. 2010 (1 ♂, CSCA). Olympia, 47 ° 02.454 ’ N 122 ° 54.054 ’ W, 8. vii. 2009, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared from Adelges tsugae, N. Havill sample 10 - 01, Specimen # 10 F 131 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), N. Havill sample 10 - 04, Specimen # 10 F 132 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), 24. vi. 2009, N. Havill sample 10 - 03, Specimen # 10 F 130 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), no date, S. Grubin sample L 30, Specimen # 10 F 873 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC). Tumwater, Tumwater Falls Park, 47.0379, – 122.896521, vi. 2013, coll. D. Ross, (2 larvae, 3 adults [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856591, ENT 856601 (larvae), YPM; ENT 856419, ENT 856425, ENT 856427). Pierce, King, and Thurston Cos., 11. iv – 25. v 2015, from lab colony, coll. D. Ross, A. Arsenault, (4 adults [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 791609, ENT 791540, ENT 791572, ENT 791575). WYOMING. Teton Co., Caribou-Targhee National Forest, 43.7047, – 110.9847, 18. x. 2017, coll. Laura Lowrey, ex. Pineus abietinus on Abies lasiocarpa (5 puparia [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996085 – 89).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4014A419FF068066DD74E260.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A, 2 C – D, 3 B, 3 F – G)	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4014A419FF068066DD74E260.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The face and lunule (Figs 2 C – D) are dark brown to black pruinose. The postpronotum (as in Fig. 2 E) has 1 strong postpronotal seta, and no additional setulae longer than those on the scutum. In the male (see figs 3 – 5 in Tanasijtshuk 2002), the epandrial complex is simple, small, and yellowish- to silvery-grey pruinose, with no central epandrial process; the surstylar lobe is short and stout; the phallus (Fig. 3 B) is long and thick in lateral view, less than 8 X longer than its height at the middle, and is straight-sided until an abrupt distal curve to a pointed tip. In the female (Fig. 3 G), tergite 6 enlarged and about 1.6 X wider than long, tergite 7 present and strap-like, tergite 8 longer than wide, bone-shaped, narrowest through middle; sternites (Fig. 3 F) with sternite 6 more than 2 X wider than long and slightly concave medially on both anterior and posterior margins, sternite 7 absent. Immatures. Egg (Fig. 1 A). Length 0.42 – 0.47 mm, width 0.14 – 0.17 mm. Puparium. Length 1.9 – 2.2 mm, width 0.7 – 0.9 mm. Dehiscent anterior segments (dorsal and ventral) 0.04 – 0.06 mm long. Raised posterior spiracular tubercles 0.07 – 0.11 mm long, with sclerotization concolorous with remainder of puparium (as in Fig. 1 D).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4014A419FF068066DD74E260.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Predators as larvae on species of Adelges and Pineus on Pinaceae (Pinus, Tsuga). Specific records include their attacking Adelges piceae and a Pineus sp., and adelgids (presumably Pineus sp.) infesting Pinus radiata and Pinus edulus. A larva was collected from Pineus coloradensis on Pinus ponderosa. Many specimens were swept from infestations of Cinara ponderosae in young stands of Pinus ponderosa (e. g., height less than 5 m throughout the large stand), but despite rearing> 150 chamaemyiid larvae from this host, none were this species but were instead Vitaleucopis nidolkah and an undescribed species of Leucopis (Leucopis). It remains a possibility that Leucotaraxis atrifacies is also a predator in that system, whether on the Cinara aphids or on adelgids unseen by the first author while collecting.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4014A419FF068066DD74E260.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was originally described from specimens reared by Eric Walther “ in connection with Thecodiplosis pini-radiatae ” (= Thecodiplosis piniradiatae (Snow & Mills), Cecidomyiidae), the Monterey pine midge. This midge forms galls at the bases of needles of several species of Pinus including Pinus coulteri, P. radiata and P. sabiniana, and although they likely do not share a true association, it makes sense for them to be together on a tree infested with both the midge and adelgids. At two different localities (one in New Mexico and one in Arizona), this species was collected together with Chamaethrix necopina, Leucotaraxis argenticollis and Vitaleucopis nidolkah, and at the New Mexico locality also with Leucotaraxis sepiola. This species was also collected at a different New Mexico locality with Leucotaraxis sepiola, and at the southern California locality along with the undescribed species of Vitaleucopis cited in Gaimari (2020). The puparial stage is indistinguishable from that of Leucotaraxis piniperda, both of which are only distinguishable from Leucotaraxis argenticollis by the shorter posterior spiracular tubercle which is not more darkly sclerotized distally, and the slightly smaller size. Given the few specimens known from Mexico are from the south of the country and quite distant from other known specimens, it is expected that this species inhabits the areas dominated by Pinus in Mexico, at least as far south as the Popocatépetl volcano. More rearing and collecting in Mexico will be necessary to understand the extent of its distribution south of the USA.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4014A419FF068066DD74E260.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico (Durango, Mexico State). USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Washington). Specimens examined. All specimens from Tanasijtshuk (2002) were examined, with additional specimens as follows. MEXICO: MEXICO. San Pedro Nexapa, nr. Amecameca, foot of Popocatépetl (volcano), 19 ° 04 ’ 23.89 ” N 98 ° 42 ’ 04.04 ” W, 2955 m, 7. vii. 2011, coll. N. P. Havill, W. Gloria, A. Gloria-Soria, ex. on Pinus sp. (5 - needle) infested with Pineus sp. (2 ♂ with puparia, CSCA). USA: ARIZONA. Apache Co., Apache National Forest, 0.3 mi. S mi. 249 on US Route 191, 5 mi. S Alpine, along Coleman Creek, 33 ° 47 ’ 24 ” N 109 ° 10 ’ 01 ” W, 2500 m, 30. vi. 1995, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep Pinus ponderosa (1 ♀, CSCA), 1. vii. 1995 (1 ♀, CSCA); nr. Alpine, 33 ° 51 ’ 52 ” N 109 ° 10 ’ 18 ” W, 2440 m, 28. vi. 1995, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep young Pinus ponderosa (1 ♀, CSCA). CALIFORNIA. Los Angeles Co., La Crescenta, Eagle Canyon, S base Mount Lukens, 29. vi. 1994, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. Sharkey Malaise trap near stream (1 ♂, CSCA). COLORADO. Alamosa Co., 21 mi. ENE Mosca, 37 ° 45 ’ 02 ” N 105 ° 30 ’ 14 ” W, 8100 ft., 19 – 22. vi. 1996, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. Malaise trap (1 ♀, CSCA). NEW MEXICO. Lincoln Co., Lincoln National Forest, 2.4 km W Angus, Mills Canyon, along Rio Bonito, 33 ° 27 ’ 05 ” N 105 ° 41 ’ 46 ” W, 2130 m, 18 – 19. vi. 1995, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep colonies of Cinara ponderosae on Pinus ponderosa (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CSCA), 23. vi. 1995 (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CSCA), 24. vi. 1995, Specimen # 09 E 474 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 478 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 09 E 479 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Voucher # 09 E 519 (2 ♂, 8 ♀, CSCA-FTC), 25. vi. 1995, Specimen # 09 E 480 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), Voucher # 09 E 513 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1379), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 334 (1 ♀, CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 335 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1380), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 336 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1381), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 337 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 338 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 339 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 340 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1382), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 341 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1383), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 342 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 343 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 344 (1 ♂, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 345 (1 ♂, CSCA-FTC), 26. vi. 1995, Specimen # 09 E 523 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1372), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 346 (1 ♀, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 347 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1374), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 348 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1375), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 349 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1376), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 350 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1377), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 351 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1378), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 353 (1 ♀ (SDG dissection # 1372), CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 726 (1 ♂, CSCA), Voucher # 09 E 515 (5 ♀, CSCA-FTC); White Mountains, along Fork Creek, 3.1 mi. W Alto, 33 ° 23 ’ 31.2 ” N 105 ° 43 ’ 57.0 ” W, 2365 m, 15. vi. 2007, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep Pinus ponderosa with Cinara ponderosae infestation (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CSCA). McKinley Co., Cibola National Forest, Zuni Mountains, 4 mi. SSW Fort Wingate, 35 ° 25 ’ 20 ” N 108 ° 34 ’ 38 ” W, 7900 ft., 24. vi. 1996, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep Pinus ponderosa (8 ♂, 9 ♀, CSCA), 4.4 mi. SE Fort Wingate, 35 ° 25 ’ 49 ” N 108 ° 29 ’ 17 ” W, 7300 ft., 25. vi. 1996, ex. sweep Pinus edulus (4 ♀, CSCA). WASHINGTON. Ferry Co., Colville Reservation, Inchelium, 48.3109 ° N 118.2017 ° W, 22. vii. 2019, coll. D. Dickenson, ex. Pineus coloradensis on Pinus ponderosa, sample 19 - 176 - 05 (1 ♂, on slide, YPM; ENT 960794).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400AA41BFF06848EDA57E707.taxon	description	(Figs 1 D, 2 E – H, 3 C, 3 H)	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400AA41BFF06848EDA57E707.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The lunule, face and parafacial are either entirely silvery-grey pruinose (Fig. 2 F, eastern form), entirely brown to black pruinose (Fig. 2 H, western form), or the lunule and face are brown to black pruinose with the parafacial silvery-grey pruinose (Fig. 2 G, mixed form). The postpronotum (Fig. 2 E) has 1 strong postpronotal seta, and no additional setulae longer than those on the scutum. In the male (see figs 31 – 34 in Tanasijtshuk 2002), the epandrial complex is simple, small, and yellowish- to silvery-grey pruinose, with no central epandrial process; the surstylar lobe is short and stout; the phallus (Fig. 3 C) is very long and thin in lateral view, more than 10 X longer than its height at the middle, and is gently curved throughout to a pointed tip. In the female (Fig. 3 H), tergite 6 enlarged and about 1.5 X wider than long, tergite 7 absent (position represented only by tiny setulae), tergite 8 longer than wide, parallel-sided, with distal end enlarged; sternites as in Leucotaraxis atrifacies (Fig. 3 F). Immatures. Egg and puparium as in Leucotaraxis atrifacies.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400AA41BFF06848EDA57E707.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Predators as larvae on species of Adelges and Pineus on Pinaceae (Abies, Picea, Pinus). Specific records (including our own rearings) include: Adelges piceae on Abies grandis; Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla (Kohler et al. 2008); Pineus boerneri on Pinus densiflora; Pineus coloradensis on Pinus sp. (a 5 - needle pine, possibly Pinus lambertiana) and Picea engelmannii; Pineus pini on Pinus sylvestris; Pineus similis on Picea glauca; Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (Tanasijtshuk 2002; Wantuch et al. 2019); Pineus sp. on Pinus sylvestris. They have also been collected as adults from Pinus contorta and Pinus resinosa.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400AA41BFF06848EDA57E707.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Unfortunately, the few specimens from Oregon and Washington in the study by Kohler et al. (2008) were misidentified as Leucopis atrifacies. After examination of the specimens from this work and from Tanasijtshuk (2002), the color of pruinosity on the lunule, face and parafacial are variable, with a distinct distributional pattern. The specimens from eastern North America (Canada – New Brunswick, Quebec; USA – Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, Virginia) all have uniformly silvery-grey pruinosity (Fig. 2 F), while those in western North America (Canada – Alberta, British Columbia; USA – California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming) all have uniformly brown to black pruinosity (Fig. 2 H). The east-west divergence is also displayed in molecular data (see Havill et al. 2018). Only the specimens from Ontario, Canada, have a mixed state (Fig. 2 G), with the lunule and face being brown to black pruinose with the parafacial silvery-grey pruinose. Both the male and female genitalia, as well as other external characteristics, make the identity of this species unambiguous despite this variation. The puparial stage is indistinguishable from that of Leucotaraxis atrifacies, both of which are only distinguishable from Leucotaraxis argenticollis by the shorter posterior spiracular tubercle that is not heavily sclerotized distally, and the slightly smaller size.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400AA41BFF06848EDA57E707.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan). USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia). Specimens examined. All specimens from Tanasijtshuk (2002) were examined, with additional specimens as follows. CANADA: ALBERTA. Seebe, 20. i. 1971, ex. duff around C. com. infected P [inus]. contorta, # 2670 (1 ♀, CNC). ONTARIO. Chalk River, 1. viii. 1951, coll. J. M. Anderson, ex. Pissodes strobi (1 ♀, CNC). Ottawa, 29. vi. 1994, coll. J. R. Vockeroth, ex. damp second-growther Acer - Betula woods (1 ♀, CNC). Sault Ste. Marie, 18. vii. 1951, coll. L. Lyons, ex. red pine [= Pinus resinosa], No. R- 70 - 19 (1 ♀, CNC). SASKATCHEWAN. Smeaton, 53.6181, – 104.7409, 9. vi. 2010, coll. N. Havill, ex. Pineus on Picea sp. (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 764124). USA. CALIFORNIA. El Dorado Co., Eldorado National Forest, 38.9148, – 120.3904, 31. v. 2010, coll. Nathan Havill, Stephen Gaimari, ex. Pineus coloradensis on Pinus sp. (5 - needle) (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 790140). COLORADO. Boulder Co., Boulder, Flagstaff Canyon, 5800 ft., 10. vi. 1961, coll. C. H. Mann, ex. on side of stream (1 ♂, CNC). Larimer Co., Zimmerman Lake trail, 40.5397, – 105.8792, 27. vii. 2016, coll. Nathan Havill, ex. Pineus coloradensis on Picea engelmannii (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 857046). CONNECTICUT. Hartford Co., Hartford, Cedar Hill Cemetery, 41.7266, – 72.6932, 5. vi. 2016, coll. M. E. Montgomery, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (8 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 961079 – 86). New Haven Co., Hamden, Exeter Rd. & Deerfield Dr., 41.426 ° N 72.936 ° W, 16. vi. 2009, coll. M. E. Montgomery, ex. reared from Pineus sp. on Pinus sylvestris, N. Havill sample 09 - 134, Specimen # 09 E 471 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA). IDAHO. Idaho Co., Warm Springs Point, 13. viii. 1969, 51 - 488 b (2 ♀, USNM). ILLINOIS. Champaign Co. Urbana, 12. vi. 1967, coll. J. Appleby, ex. larvae in wax mass of pine aphid (1 ♀ with puparium, 2 ♀, USNM). Morgan Co., Meredosia, 29. v. 1917 (1 ♀, INHS). MARYLAND. Baltimore Co., Baltimore, Cylburn Arboretum, 39.532, – 76.653, 28. v. 2008, coll. Melody Keena, ex. Pineus boerneri on Pinus densiflora (7 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856378 – 84). MASSACHUSETTS. Hampshire Co., Amherst, 42.3928, – 72.5323, 20. v. 2018, coll. Ryan Crandall, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996097). Worcester Co., Worcester, 42.2790, – 71.7733, 12. v. 2018, coll. Felicia Andre, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996096). MICHIGAN. Benzie Co., Lake Ann, 44.7436, – 85.9131, 6. xi. 2018, coll. Scott Lint, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (2 puparia [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996098 – 99). MINNESOTA. Beltrami Co., Bemidji, visitor center nr. Paul Bunyan statue, 47 ° 28 ’ 13 ” N 94 ° 52 ’ 43 ” W, 23. v. 2009, coll. N. Havill, ex. old gall of Adelges sp. on Picea sp., N. Havill sample 09 - 123, Specimen # 09 E 475 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA). NEW MEXICO: San Miguel Co., Las Vegas Hot Springs, 7. viii, coll. H. S. Barber (1 ♂, USNM). NEW YORK. Cayuga Co., McIlroy Bird Sanctuary, 42.6661, – 76.2834, 2. vii. 2019, coll. Nicholas Dietschler, Marshall Lefebvre, Katharine O’Connor, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 puparium [molecular voucher], CUIC). Monroe Co., Rochester, Highland Park, 43.1278, – 77.6122, 8. vii. 2017, coll. Cynthia Smith, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (3 larvae, 13 puparia [molecular voucher], CUIC). Steuben Co., Addison, McCarthy Hill State Forest, 42.0975, – 77.1938, 26. vii. 2018, coll. Nicholas Dietschler, Marshall Bigler-Lefebvre, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus, (7 larvae, 2 puparia [molecular voucher], CUIC). Tompkins Co., Ithaca, Cornell campus, 42.4454, – 76.4755, 3. vi. 2016, coll. Nathan Havill, Mark Whitmore, Amalia Havill, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (12 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856925 – 36). Ulster Co., Woodstock, Overlook Mountain Forest, 42.0760, – 74.1259, 31. v. 2018, coll. Nicholas Dietschler, Marshall Bigler-Lefebvre, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (5 larvae [molecular voucher], CUIC). NORTH CAROLINA. Macon Co., Highlands, Wightman College, 10. vii. 1987, coll. W. W. Wirth, ex. UV light (1 ♀, USNM). Transylvania Co., Sapphire, 20. vii. 1990, coll. W. W. Wirth, ex. UV light trap (2 ♀, USNM). OHIO. Morgan Co., Beverly, 39.6431, – 81.7060, 26. vi. 2019, coll. Page Weckbacher, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (1 larva, 4 puparia [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 961088 – 92). Portage Co., Kent, 16. vii. 1969, coll. T. P. Sluss, biological note 6914 (1 ♂, UAIC). OREGON. Benton Co., Corvallis, 12. v. 1951, coll. R. G. Mitchell, ex. reared, predaceous on Adelges piceae (1 ♂, CNC). Multnomah Co., Portland, Grant Park, 45 ° 32.450 ’ N 122 ° 37.800 ’ W, 14. iv. 2006, coll. G. Kohler, ex. reared from field collected puparium on Adelges tsugae (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), 12. v. 2006, ex. flight caught (2 ♀, CSCA). PENNSYLVANIA. Greene Co., Mt. Morris, 39.7730, – 80.1475, 19. vi. 2015, coll. Andrew Liebhold, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (2 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856919, ENT 856697). RHODE ISLAND. Washington Co., University of Rhode Island, Kingston, 12. vi. 1982, coll. R. Casagrande (1 ♂, USNM). UTAH. Davis Co., Farmington Canyon, 40.9932, – 111.8186, 5. ix. 2017, coll. Danielle Malesky, ex. Adelges piceae on Abies lasiocarpa (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 996095). VIRGINIA. Fairfax Co., Alexandria, 14. vi. 1952, coll. W. W. Wirth (1 ♀, USNM), 15. vi. 1952 (1 ♂, USNM). Montgomery Co., Blacksburg, Coal Mining Heritage Park, 37.1870, – 80.427, 18. v. 2010, coll. Melissa Fischer, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus. (9 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856988 – 89, ENT 856702 – 08). WASHINGTON. Clark Co., Vancouver, 45.7031, – 122.6707, 21. vi. 2013, coll. Darrell Ross, ex. Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla (1 larva [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856663). Island County; Camano Island, 48.1474, – 122.4411, 4. iv. 2017, coll. Mark Whitmore, Isis Caetano, ex. Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla (1 larva, 2 puparia [molecular voucher], CUIC). King Co., Vashon, 47 ° 27.200 ’ N 122 ° 26.950 ’ W, 22. iii. 2006, coll. G. Kohler, ex. reared from field collected puparium on Adelges tsugae (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), S. Grubin sample L 48, Specimen # 10 F 865 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), 4. viii. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, Specimen # 10 F 880 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC). Pierce Co., Ruston, 47 ° 18 ’ 02.86 ” N 122 ° 31 ’ 01.31 ” W, 22. vii. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA). Tacoma, 47 ° 16 ’ 41.02 ” N 122 ° 31 ’ 01.69 ” W, 7. vii. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex., reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, S. Grubin sample L 44 (1 ♂, CSCA), S. Grubin sample SU 132 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), 22. vii. 2010 (2 ♂ with puparia, 1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), S. Grubin sample L 50 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), S. Grubin sample SU 180 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), S. Grubin sample SU 181, Specimen 10 F 864 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 874 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 878 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC). Tacoma, 47 ° 16 ’ 49.80 ” N, 122 ° 30 ’ 58.96 ” W, 24. iv. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla (2 ♂ with puparia, 2 ♀ with puparia, CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 663 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 664 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 665 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA). Tacoma, Masonic Memorial Cemetery, 1. i. 2016, coll. Rachel Brooks (2 larvae [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856920 – 21). Tacoma, Point Defiance Park, 47.304, – 122.516, 12. v. 2008, coll. Michael E. Montgomery, Richard McDonald (2 adults [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856401, ENT 856408). Tacoma, Point Defiance, 47 ° 18.300 ’ N 122 ° 30.000 ’ W, 9. vi. 2005, coll. G. Kohler (1 ♀, CSCA). Tacoma, Point Defiance, 47 ° 18.246 ’ N 122 ° 30.979 ’ W, 25. iv. 2009, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, N. Havill sample 10 - 05.1, Specimen # 10 F 135 (1 ♀ [molecular voucher], CSCA), N. Havill sample 10 - 05.2, Specimen # 10 F 133 (1 ♀ [molecular voucher], CSCA), N. Havill sample 10 - 05.3, Specimen # 10 F 138 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), N. Havill sample 10 - 05.4, Specimen # 10 F 134 (1 ♀ [molecular voucher], CSCA), N. Havill sample 10 - 05.5, Specimen # 10 F 137 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher], CSCA), 24. iv. 2010, S. Grubin sample SP 023, Specimen # 10 F 655 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), 5. v. 2010, Specimen # 10 F 656 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 657 (1 ♀ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 658 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC). Thurston Co., Olympia, 47 ° 01 ’ 03.42 ” N, 122 ° 54 ’ 10.50 ” W, 24. iv. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, Specimen # 10 F 666 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 667 (1 ♀ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 668 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), Specimen # 10 F 669 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA), Specimen # 10 F 670 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), 5. v. 2010, Specimen # 10 F 678 (1 ♀ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), 21. vi. 2010, S. Grubin sample SU 120, Specimen # 10 F 868 (1 ♂ with puparium [molecular voucher], CSCA), 7. vii. 2010, S. Grubin sample SU 166 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA), S. Grubin sample SU 162, Specimen # 10 F 879 (1 ♂ with puparium, CSCA-FTC), 22. vii. 2010 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA). Olympia, 47 ° 00 ’ 48.30 ” N 122 ° 54 ’ 18.21 ” W, 8. vii. 2010, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared, Adelges tsugae on Tsuga heterophylla, S. Grubin sample L 34 (1 ♀ with puparium, CSCA). Olympia, 47 ° 02.454 ’ N 122 ° 54.054 ’ W, 29. vii. 2009, coll. S. M. Grubin, ex. reared from Adelges tsugae, N. Havill sample 10 - 02, Specimen # 10 F 136 (1 ♀ [molecular voucher], CSCA). Pierce, King, and Thurston Cos., 11. iv – 25. v. 2015, from lab colony, coll. Darrell Ross, Arielle Arsenault, (4 adults [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 791591, ENT 791607, ENT 791616, ENT 791620). WEST VIRGINIA. Jefferson Co., Shepherdstown, U. S. Fish & Wildlife National Conservation Training Center, 39.486, – 77.805, 28. v. 2008, coll. Melody Keena, ex. Pineus strobi on Pinus strobus (3 ♀ [molecular voucher], YPM; ENT 856387 – 89). MISC. Oregon / Washington. Cage reared on Adelges tsugae, v – vii. 2006, G. Kohler (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CSCA).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400FA41FFF0686AADFFEE287.taxon	description	(Figs 4 A – H, 5 A – C)	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400FA41FFF0686AADFFEE287.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the diminutive of the Latin noun sepia, referring to squid ink, in reference to the large, distinctive, shiny black epandrium and cerci in the male of this species; a noun.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400FA41FFF0686AADFFEE287.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The face and lunule (Figs 4 B, D) are dark brown to black pruinose. The postpronotum (Figs 4 A, G) has 1 strong postpronotal seta, and no additional setulae longer than those on the scutum. In the male genitalia (Figs 5 A – C), the epandrial complex is large, conspicuous and polished black, with the epandrium extending into a central process bearing the cerci at a distinct upward angle; the surstylar lobe is articulated with the epandrium and is long and thin. Adults, ♂ (♀ unknown). Body length 1.8 mm. Head (Figs 4 B – F). 1.4 X higher than long; 1.3 X wider than high; mostly dark silvery grey with exceptions following. Vertex with outer vertical seta longer than inner one by 1.5 X. Postocellar setae absent. Ocellar triangle tapering to about midpoint of frons, slightly raised from fronto-orbital plate; posterior ocelli farther apart than distance to anterior ocellus by 1.5 X; anterior ocellus slightly smaller than posterior; posterior ocelli placed slightly anterior to vertex, with area between and behind posterior ocelli lacking setulae. Ocellar setae absent. Eye with length and width subequal; height 2.6 X genal height. Frons with reddish grey strip along edge of ocellar triangle (Fig. 4 F); 1.3 X wider than long; with lateral edges only slightly diverging anteriorly, 1.1 X wider at level of lunule than at level of anterior ocellus; meeting lunule at 90 ° angle. Fronto-orbital setae lacking; area setulose (setulae erect, white) distally (Figs 4 C, E). Lunule (Figs 4 B – D) dark brown pruinose above antennae; anterior edge straight, height 0.5 X frons length; with few small, fine setulae. Antennae entirely dark brown to black; separated by distance less than 0.5 X antennal socket width, lacking carina, with area between antennal bases darkening to black pruinose ventrally (as in face); 1 st flagellomere short, rounded, covered with short brown hairs; arista with distal segment 3.0 X longer than basal. Face black pruinose; with deep antennal grooves. Parafacial black pruinose; about half width of facial width. Gena with one strong genal seta in addition to one strong setula and several small setulae behind. Clypeus black with sparse covering of dark grey pruinosity; small, exposed. Palpus dark brown; cylindrical; setulose. Mouthparts very small and held within oral cavity above palpi; prementum dark, small; labellum small, yellow. Thorax (Figs 4 A, D). Scutum uniformly dark silvery-grey pruinose; 1.3 X longer than wide; 4.0 X scutellar length; setulose; dorsocentral vittae absent. Prescutellum present. Scutellum concolorous with scutum; 1.7 X wider than long. Pleuron concolorous with scutum. Chaetotaxy: 0 + 2 dorsocentral setae, posterior seta 1.5 X longer than anterior one; one postpronotal seta; two notopleural setae, in anterior and posterior corners, anterior one 3.0 X longer than posterior one; one pre- and one postsutural supra-alar seta; two postalar setae; prescutellar acrostichal seta absent; proepisternum, anepisternum and anepimeron lacking setae; one strong katepisternal seta along upper edge, with 3 or 4 small setulae in row anterior to seta; two pairs scutellar setae. Legs. Entirely dark brown, except for femora and tibiae dark grey pruinose with orange distal tips of femora and basal parts of tibiae, with basal parts of basotarsomeres lighter brown. Wing. Length 1.6 mm; 2.6 X longer than wide. Hyaline, with veins brown. Veins R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5 and M 1 parallel in distal half of wing. Crossvein r-m located slightly basad of halfway point of wing length, and at 3 / 5 point of cell dm length. Vein CuA 1 extends to wing margin; apical section 2.0 X longer than crossvein dm-cu. Halter yellow, with stalk slightly darker. Abdomen (Fig. 4 H). Tergites uniformly setulose, except setulae very slightly enlarged along posterior margin and laterally. Syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3 bronzy pruinose, except lateral parts dark silvery-grey pruinose; tergites 4 – 6 dark silvery-grey pruinose. Syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3 lacking patch of microtrichiae on lateral edge. Sternites dark silvery-grey pruinose. Male genitalia (Figs 5 A – C). Epandrium large, convex posteriorly, entirely shiny black, with series of very small setulae along posterior edge; extending distomedially into blunt projection which bears cerci on ventral surface, with small central depression on anterodorsal surface; with long, narrow, medially-oriented surstylar lobe. Cercus large, padlike; shiny black, oriented downwards from posterior surface of distomedial extension of epandrium; in lateral view, subequal in size and general shape to hypandrium. (Note, phallus complex severely over-macerated after soaking in KOH with heavy and dark epandrial complex, resulting in the structures shrivelling and becoming twisted. As such, the following characteristics were not illustrated, but are described as well as possible after thorough examination, to be verified when this species is again collected: Hypandrium in dorsal view subovate, 1.3 X longer than wide, with lateral arms very thick to point of articulation with postgonite, becoming abruptly thin posteriorly; in profile, subquadrate, evenly wide. Pregonite absent. Postgonite flattened, curved, with blunt tip; dorsally setulose; lightly sclerotized. Phallapodeme about 2 X longer than high from lateral view, parallel-sided; in ventral view, bone-shaped, about 3 X longer than wide. Phallus from ventral view parallel-sided to blunt tip, 2.2 X longer than wide; from lateral view, length 4.0 X height of basiphallus, basiphallus extending into small subtriangular lobe, distiphallus slightly curved, evenly narrow to blunt tip). Immatures. Unknown.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400FA41FFF0686AADFFEE287.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. All known specimens were swept from infestations of Cinara ponderosae in young stands of Pinus ponderosa (e. g., height less than 5 m throughout the large stand), but despite rearing> 150 chamaemyiid larvae from this host, none were this species, but were instead Vitaleucopis nidolkah and an undescribed species of Leucopis (Leucopis). It remains a possibility that Leucotaraxis sepiola is a predator in that system, whether on the Cinara aphids or on adelgids unseen by the first author while collecting.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400FA41FFF0686AADFFEE287.taxon	discussion	Remarks. At one locality in New Mexico, this species was collected together with Chamaethrix necopina, Leucotaraxis argenticollis, Leucotaraxis atrifacies and Vitaleucopis nidolkah, and at an additional New Mexico locality along with Leucotaraxis atrifacies.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400FA41FFF0686AADFFEE287.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from New Mexico.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA400FA41FFF0686AADFFEE287.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (point mounted, very good condition), deposited in CSCA, with the following labels: “ USA. NEW MEXICO. Lincoln Co., 2.4 km W Angus, Lincoln Nat’l For., White Mts. Wilderness, head of Mills Cyn. trail along Rio Bonito, el. 2130 m, 33 ° 27 ’ 05 ” N 105 ° 41 ’ 46 ” W, 26 JUN 1995, S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep Cinara ponderosae on Pinus ponderosa ” / “ HOLOTYPUS ♂ Leucotaraxis sepiola Gaimari ” (red label). Paratypes: USA: NEW MEXICO. Lincoln Co., 2.4 km W Angus, Lincoln National Forest, White Mountains Wilderness, head of Mills Canyon trail, along Rio Bonito, 33 ° 27 ’ 05 ” N 105 ° 41 ’ 46 ” W, 2130 m, 26. vi. 1995, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep Cinara ponderosae on Pinus ponderosa [same data as holotype], Specimen # 10 F 352 (1 ♂ [molecular voucher] (SDG dissection 1371), CSCA). McKinley Co., 4 mi. SSW Fort Wingate, Cibola National Forest, Zuni Mountains, 35 ° 25 ’ 20 ” N, 108 ° 34 ’ 38 ” W, 2408 m, 24. vi. 1996, coll. S. D. Gaimari, ex. sweep Pinus ponderosa (1 ♂, CSCA).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4003A414FF0684C6DA93E13D.taxon	discussion	Members of Chamaemyiini are not keyed past the second couplet, since all of those with known biology are predators on Sternorrhyncha in grasses, although occasionally species of some genera will go to Sternorrhyncha on Pinaceae for honeydew as an adult sugar source, e. g., Chamaemyia fumicosta Malloch was collected by the first author on several occasions sweeping Cinara - infested ponderosa pine. A list of the species included is provided after the key, annotated with their known biology, distribution, and other relevant information. The taxa in brackets [] have not been specifically reared from Pinaceae-attacking Sternorrhyncha, but are considered likely to be predators in this system; further information is provided in the post-key list, and habitus photographs are provide (Figs 7 – 14) for all of the relevant genera, with those for Leucotaraxis species in Figs 2 – 5. The taxa in parentheses () are not thought to be associated with Pinaceae, but are included in the key to account for incidental visitors occasionally taken in sweep samples. The key presented below is based upon study of most included species, with some aspects based on modifications of published keys of McAlpine (1971), Papp (2010), and Tanasijtshuk (1986), and notes and draft keys of McAlpine and the first author.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF0686DDDA29E18B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Sweden (LT ♂, MZLU).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF0686DDDA29E18B.taxon	discussion	This species is widespread in North America, and occurs in northern Europe, the far eastern Palearctic, and India. They are predators of species of Adelges and Pineus infesting Abies, Picea, Pinus, and Tsuga (details provided above). They have also been swept from Cinara ponderosae infesting young stands of Pinus ponderosa.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF068785DECAE263.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA: California (HT ♀, USNM).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF068785DECAE263.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from western North America, attacking species of Adelges and Pineus infesting Tsuga and Pinus (details provided above). They have also been swept from Cinara ponderosae infesting young stands of Pinus ponderosa.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF0684ADDC77E314.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA: Illinois (HT ♀, INHS).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF0684ADDC77E314.taxon	discussion	This species is widespread in both eastern and western North America, attacking species of Adelges and Pineus infesting Abies, Picea, Pinus, and Tsuga (details provided above).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF06857EDA82E3CB.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA: New Mexico (HT ♂, CSCA).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF06857EDA82E3CB.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from the southwestern United States. Although never reared, it has been swept from Cinara ponderosae infesting young stands of Pinus ponderosa, which may have also been infested with adelgids.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF068259DBD3E4C7.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Netherlands (2 ST ♂, 2 ST ♀, 1 ST sex?, ZMAN).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF068259DBD3E4C7.taxon	discussion	This species is native to northern Europe, and is a predator of Pineus pini on Pinus sylvestris.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF0682CEDDC5E5C3.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: United Arab Emirates (HT ♂, DCDS).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF0682CEDDC5E5C3.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from the Arabian Peninsula and Morocco (Ebejer 2016), and has never been reared. The lack of native Pinaceae would suggest a different host than adelgids if Lipoleucopis pulchra is native to the UAE or Morocco, but the possibility remains that the species is more widespread, and feeds on adelgids infesting ornamental Pinaceae in its currently known range.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF068061DE88E6E3.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Japan (HT ♂, CNC).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF068061DE88E6E3.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from Japan, and has been reared from species of Pineus infesting Pinus pentaphylla and Pinus koraiensis.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF06812DDB84E773.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA: Oregon (HT ♂, USNM).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA428FF06812DDB84E773.taxon	discussion	This species is known from western North America, as predators of species of Pineus.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA429FF06819DDE0BE18B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Germany (NT ♂, CNC).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403BA429FF06819DDE0BE18B.taxon	discussion	This species is widespread in Europe, the Near East, and the eastern Palearctic, and has been introduced into Australia and New Zealand, Argentina, and in several parts of North America. This species was among the predators introduced and established for biological control of Adelges piceae attacking true firs, Abies spp., in North America (Humble 1994). Rearing indicates that Adelges piceae is a primary host for this species. In addition, it is known as a predator of species of Pineus (such as Pineus strobi) infesting species of Pinus, and of other species of Adelges infesting species of Abies. The species has been collected from canopies of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (Thunes et al. 2004).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA42AFF568141DBECE11F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Netherlands (LT ♂, ZMAN).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA42AFF568141DBECE11F.taxon	discussion	The following lectotype is designated here to stabilize the concept of the species, due to the importance of male characteristics to properly identify species in this genus: ♂ specimen, double mounted on minuten into left pleuron, with the following labels: 1) “ Diemen / 3. VIII. 18 / deMeijere ”, 2) “ ZMA 040 ”, 3) “ Lectotypus ♂ / Leucopis / olivacea / de Meijere / des. Gaimari & Havill ”. The paralectotype is female, with the same first label as the lectotype, and the following additional labels: 2) “ L. olivacea / d. M. ”, 3) “ ZMA 041 ”, 4) “ Paralectotypus ♀ / Leucopis / olivacea / de Meijere / des. Gaimari & Havill ”, 5) “ Neoleucopis / obscura / (Haliday) / det. SD Gaimari, 2011 ”.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF068785DE97E23F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Switzerland (HT ♂, CNC).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF068785DE97E23F.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from northern Europe, as predators of Adelges (Sacchiphantes) viridis on Japanese larch, Larix kaempferi.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF068451DBF9E2F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Georgia (HT ♂, ZISP).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF068451DBF9E2F3.taxon	discussion	This species is known from the Caucasus region, as a predator in ovisacs of Marchalina caucasica Hadzibeili (Margarodidae) infesting Nordmann fir, Abies nordmanniana, and Oriental spruce, Picea orientalis.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF06851DDB4BE3EF.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Georgia (HT ♂, ZISP).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF06851DDB4BE3EF.taxon	discussion	This species is known from Georgia through Greece, and Italy. Gaimari et al. (2007) gave detailed life history information, having reared the species from the scale Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius) (Margarodidae) on Pinus halepensis. The species was subsequently introduced into Italy to combat this pest (Viggiani & Mustica 2008). The species was also reared from a puparium found on Oriental spruce, Picea orientalis.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF068221DA7DE47F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: India: Assam (HT ♂, ICPR).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF068221DA7DE47F.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from Assam, India, as a predator of species of Pineus infesting Pinus insularis.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF068291DFF5E557.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Pakistan (HT ♂, CNC).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF068291DFF5E557.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from Pakistan, although it was released against Adelges piceae in western North America, where it is not known to have established. It is known as a predator of species of Adelges infesting Abies pindrow.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF0683B9DB12E653.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: India: Assam (HT ♂, CNC).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF0683B9DB12E653.taxon	discussion	This species is native to India and Pakistan and has been introduced into Hawaii and eastern North America. The species has been reared from species of Pineus infesting Pinus insularis (McAlpine 1971) and from Pineus simmondsi Yaseen & Ghani (Greathead 1995). This species was released and established against Adelges piceae in North America, and against a Pineus species attacking Pinus pinaster in Hawaii.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF0680BDDBE3E771.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Ireland (LT ♂, NMID).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA403AA429FF0680BDDBE3E771.taxon	discussion	This species is widespread in Europe, and has been introduced into Hawaii, and the eastern and western parts of North America. For Hawaii, although a small percentage of the vouchers from these releases are this species, most turned out to be N. tapiae. This species was also among the predators introduced and established for biological control of Adelges piceae attacking balsam fir, Abies balsamea, in North America. It is known to attack various species of Adelges infesting species of Abies, and less frequently species of Pineus infesting Pinus.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF068776DCA3E1D3.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Finland (HT ♂, CNC).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF068776DCA3E1D3.taxon	discussion	This species is known from northern Europe, and its biology is not known, but likely feeds on adelgids, following the same pattern as all other members of the genus found on Pinaceae.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF06843DDCAFE2CF.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA: Illinois (HT ♂, INHS).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF06843DDCAFE2CF.taxon	discussion	This species is known from eastern North America and may be present in parts of Europe. It is known to prey on Pineus strobi infesting Pinus strobus, as well as Adelges piceae on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (McAlpine 1971, Sluss & Foote 1973). The immature stages and biology were thoroughly described by Sluss & Foote (1973), although the descriptions do not compare the species with congeners.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF0684C6DA2CE35F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Argentina: Tierra del Fuego (HT ♂, CNC).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF0684C6DA2CE35F.taxon	discussion	This species is only known from the type locality in Argentina, and nothing is known of its biology.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF0685B1DDD9E50F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Argentina: Nahuel Huapi (22 ST ♂ / ♀, MACN).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF0685B1DDD9E50F.taxon	discussion	Although described from Argentina, this was likely due to an early introduction with the planting of species of Pinus for lumber. This species is widespread in Europe and has been purposely introduced as a predator of species of Pineus infesting Pinus species in Hawaii, western North America, Malawi, South Africa and New Zealand (Greathead 1995). In Hawaii, this species was introduced under the name Neoleucopis obscura (along with the real N. obscura), only subsequently having been found to be this species (Greathead 1995). Specific rearing records include Pineus pini infesting Pinus radiata, Pineus strobi infesting Pinus strobus and Pinus sylvestris, Pineus cembrae (Cholodkovsky) infesting Pinus cembra, Pineus laevis (Maskell) infesting Pinus sylvestris and Pinus radiata, Pineus orientalis (Dreyfus) infesting a species of Pinus, Pineus boerneri infesting Pinus patula, Pineus havrylenkoi Blanchard infesting a species of Pinus.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF06839ADA0EE62F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Canada: British Columbia (HT ♂, CNC).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF06839ADA0EE62F.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from western Canada. Although there is no rearing information, it was collected in a place characterized by Pinaceae, and can be assumed to be a predator of adelgids or Cinara aphids.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF068061DA88E6E3.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA: New Mexico (HT ♂, CSCA).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF068061DA88E6E3.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from the southwestern United States in areas above 2100 m elevation. The first author reared numerous individuals from field-collected larvae attacking Cinara ponderosae infesting Pinus ponderosa.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF068132DB84E7BB.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA: California (HT ♂, CSCA).	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
1C6E87CA4039A42AFF068132DB84E7BB.taxon	discussion	This species is known only from western United States. Given the association with “ aborted sugar pine cones ”, this species is likely a predator on adelgids or Cinara aphids attacking sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana, since they sometimes infest areas at the bases of new cones and can stunt or abort their development.	en	Gaimari, Stephen D., Havill, Nathan P. (2021): A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa 5067 (1): 1-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.1.1
