taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03928E699A43FFCBD786FD8AF8BEFAD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6513563/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6513563	Subdivision of the Camelidae [Figure Toni Llobet]	Subdivision of the Camelidae [Figure Toni Llobet]	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A43FFCBD786FD8AF8BEFAD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6513561/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6513561	• 130 - 410 cm.	• 130 - 410 cm.	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A43FFCBD786FD8AF8BEFAD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6513559/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6513559	• Palearctic, Afrotropical, and Neotropical Regions.	• Palearctic, Afrotropical, and Neotropical Regions.	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A41FFC8D579FE7AF5F5F837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6560256/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6560256	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A41FFC8D579FE7AF5F5F837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5719721/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719721	Subspecies and Distribution. L. g. guanicoeMiller, 1776 — Bolivia, Chile, WArgentina (fromJujuytoSPatagonia), TierradelFuego, andNavarinoI. L. g. cacsilensis Lonnberg, 1913 — N Peru to N Chile between 8 ° S and 22 ° S. Introduced from Argentina to Staats I (Falkland Is) during the late 1930 s.	Subspecies and Distribution. L. g. guanicoeMiller, 1776 — Bolivia, Chile, WArgentina (fromJujuytoSPatagonia), TierradelFuego, andNavarinoI. L. g. cacsilensis Lonnberg, 1913 — N Peru to N Chile between 8 ° S and 22 ° S. Introduced from Argentina to Staats I (Falkland Is) during the late 1930 s.	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A40FFCED0DBF7C0FB4BF492.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6560256/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6560256	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A40FFCED0DBF7C0FB4BF492.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5719725/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719725	Distribution. Llamas are found at 3800 - 5000 m above sea level in the Central Andes, from C Peru to W Bolivia and N Argentina. Llama distribution reached its apex during the expansion of the Inca Empire (1470 - 1532 ap), when pack trains were used to carry supplies for the royal armies to S Colombia and C Chile. Although originally indigenous and endemic to South America, Llamas have now been exported to countries around the world as a companion animal, featured in livestock shows, used for trekking and backpacking, cottage industry and home use ofits wool, and in North America increasingly utilized as a guard animal for protecting sheep and goats from canid predators.	Distribution. Llamas are found at 3800 - 5000 m above sea level in the Central Andes, from C Peru to W Bolivia and N Argentina. Llama distribution reached its apex during the expansion of the Inca Empire (1470 - 1532 ap), when pack trains were used to carry supplies for the royal armies to S Colombia and C Chile. Although originally indigenous and endemic to South America, Llamas have now been exported to countries around the world as a companion animal, featured in livestock shows, used for trekking and backpacking, cottage industry and home use ofits wool, and in North America increasingly utilized as a guard animal for protecting sheep and goats from canid predators.	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A46FFCCD5D0F3E6F6E9FE05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6560256/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6560256	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A46FFCCD5D0F3E6F6E9FE05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5719729/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719729	Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vicugnaMolina, 1782 — WBolivia, NWArgentina, andNEChilefrom 18 ° Sto 29 ° S. V. v. mensalis Thomas, 1917 — SE Peru, W Bolivia, and NE Chile from 9 ° S to 19 ° S. Ecuador has a small population (c. 3000) introduced from Peru, Chile, and Bolivia in the 1980 s.	Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vicugnaMolina, 1782 — WBolivia, NWArgentina, andNEChilefrom 18 ° Sto 29 ° S. V. v. mensalis Thomas, 1917 — SE Peru, W Bolivia, and NE Chile from 9 ° S to 19 ° S. Ecuador has a small population (c. 3000) introduced from Peru, Chile, and Bolivia in the 1980 s.	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A44FFC1D0A7FD9EF7A7FE66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6560256/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6560256	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A44FFC1D0A7FD9EF7A7FE66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5719731/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719731	Distribution. Alpacas are found in the Central Andes from C Peru into mid-Bolivia and N Chile. In the 1980 s — 1990 s Alpacas were imported into the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Europe. There are no known wild / feral populations of Alpacas.	Distribution. Alpacas are found in the Central Andes from C Peru into mid-Bolivia and N Chile. In the 1980 s — 1990 s Alpacas were imported into the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Europe. There are no known wild / feral populations of Alpacas.	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A49FFC0D040FC84F6FFF24B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6560256/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6560256	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A49FFC0D040FC84F6FFF24B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5719735/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719735	Subspecies and Distribution. C. b. bactrianusLinnaeus, 1758 — aridlandsanddesertsofC & SAsiaasdomesticatedlivestock. C. b. ferus Przewalski, 1878 — NW China (C & SE Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, NW Qinghai & NW Gansu) and Mongolia.	Subspecies and Distribution. C. b. bactrianusLinnaeus, 1758 — aridlandsanddesertsofC & SAsiaasdomesticatedlivestock. C. b. ferus Przewalski, 1878 — NW China (C & SE Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, NW Qinghai & NW Gansu) and Mongolia.	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A4FFFC6D57EFE83F6A8F649.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/6560256/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6560256	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces‘) 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
03928E699A4FFFC6D57EFE83F6A8F649.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5719737/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719737	Distribution. A species found in the arid and semi-arid regions of N Africa to the Middle East, and parts of C Asia. A sizeabledfreeranging / feral population in C & W Australia. The Dromedary overlaps with the domestic Bactrian Camel (C. bactrianus) in Turkey, Afghanistan, Iran, India, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. Dromedaries are a domestic species with c ¢. 50 breeds selected and used for pulling carts, plowing, lifting water at wells, carrying packs, milk production, smooth riding, and racing. The breeds include those in Saudi Arabia (Mojaheem, Maghateer, Wadah, and Awarik), India (Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi, and Mewari), Pakistan (Marecha, Dhatti, Larri, Kohi, Campbelpuri, and Sakrai), and Turkmenistan (Arvana). The evidence for domestication comes from archaeological sites dating ¢. 4000 - 5000 years ago in the S Arabian Peninsula with the wild form becoming extinct ¢. 2000 - 5000 years ago. No non-introduced wild populations exist. In Asia Dromedaries occur from Turkey to W India and N to Kazahkstan. All camels in Africa are Dromedaries, 80 - 85 % in the Sahel and NE portion of the continent (Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya), with the S distribution limited by humidity and trypanosomiasis. Dromedaries in S Africa show no evidence of loss of genetic diversity within 16 populations and very low differentiation among populations. In Kenyan Dromedaries two separate genetic entities have been identified: the Somali and a group including the Gabbra, Rendille, and Turkana populations. In India two distinct genetic clusters have been described for Dromedaries: the Mewari breed being differentiated from the Bikaneri, Kutchi, and the Jaisalmeri breeds. From the 17 " to the early 20 " century unsuccessful attempts were made to introduce Dromedaries to the Caribbean, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Namibia, and south-western USA. Successful introductions of camels were made to the Canary Islands in 1405 and some 10,000 to Australia from 1840 to 1907. Camels were important for exploring and developing the Outback of C & W Australia, where they were used for riding; drafting; transporting supplies, railway, and telegraph materials; and as a source of meat and wool. Most (6600) introduced Dromedaries came from India. Three breeds were originally introduced: camels for riding from Rajasthan, India, camels for heavy work from the Kandahar region of Afghanistan, and camels for riding and carrying moderate cargo loads from Sind, Pakistan. The camels in Australia today are a blend of these original imports. By the 1920 s, there were an estimated 20,000 domesticated camels in Australia, but by 1930, with the arrival of rail and motor transportation, camels were no longer needed and many were released to the wild. Well suited to the Australian deserts, the camels bred prolifically, spreading across arid and semi-arid areas of the Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia, and into parts of Queensland, and today they occupy 37 % of the continent.	Distribution. A species found in the arid and semi-arid regions of N Africa to the Middle East, and parts of C Asia. A sizeabledfreeranging / feral population in C & W Australia. The Dromedary overlaps with the domestic Bactrian Camel (C. bactrianus) in Turkey, Afghanistan, Iran, India, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. Dromedaries are a domestic species with c ¢. 50 breeds selected and used for pulling carts, plowing, lifting water at wells, carrying packs, milk production, smooth riding, and racing. The breeds include those in Saudi Arabia (Mojaheem, Maghateer, Wadah, and Awarik), India (Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi, and Mewari), Pakistan (Marecha, Dhatti, Larri, Kohi, Campbelpuri, and Sakrai), and Turkmenistan (Arvana). The evidence for domestication comes from archaeological sites dating ¢. 4000 - 5000 years ago in the S Arabian Peninsula with the wild form becoming extinct ¢. 2000 - 5000 years ago. No non-introduced wild populations exist. In Asia Dromedaries occur from Turkey to W India and N to Kazahkstan. All camels in Africa are Dromedaries, 80 - 85 % in the Sahel and NE portion of the continent (Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya), with the S distribution limited by humidity and trypanosomiasis. Dromedaries in S Africa show no evidence of loss of genetic diversity within 16 populations and very low differentiation among populations. In Kenyan Dromedaries two separate genetic entities have been identified: the Somali and a group including the Gabbra, Rendille, and Turkana populations. In India two distinct genetic clusters have been described for Dromedaries: the Mewari breed being differentiated from the Bikaneri, Kutchi, and the Jaisalmeri breeds. From the 17 " to the early 20 " century unsuccessful attempts were made to introduce Dromedaries to the Caribbean, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Namibia, and south-western USA. Successful introductions of camels were made to the Canary Islands in 1405 and some 10,000 to Australia from 1840 to 1907. Camels were important for exploring and developing the Outback of C & W Australia, where they were used for riding; drafting; transporting supplies, railway, and telegraph materials; and as a source of meat and wool. Most (6600) introduced Dromedaries came from India. Three breeds were originally introduced: camels for riding from Rajasthan, India, camels for heavy work from the Kandahar region of Afghanistan, and camels for riding and carrying moderate cargo loads from Sind, Pakistan. The camels in Australia today are a blend of these original imports. By the 1920 s, there were an estimated 20,000 domesticated camels in Australia, but by 1930, with the arrival of rail and motor transportation, camels were no longer needed and many were released to the wild. Well suited to the Australian deserts, the camels bred prolifically, spreading across arid and semi-arid areas of the Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia, and into parts of Queensland, and today they occupy 37 % of the continent.	2011-08-31	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier		Zenodo	biologists	Don E. Wilson;Russell A. Mittermeier			
