taxonID	type	description	language	source
66745A661907FFE5FFE8FE13D449E5B4.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MAURITIUS: The forests in the vicinity of Grand Bassin, 690 m, 16. III. 1881, Horne s. n. (holo-: K [K 000 233209]!; iso-: K [K 000233208]!).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661907FFE5FFE8FE13D449E5B4.taxon	discussion	Observations. – Noronhia broomeana includes two varieties, both of which occur on Réunion Island: N. broomeana var. cordemoyana (Knobl.) Hong-Wa & Besnard and N. broomeana var. cyanocarpa (Cordem.) Hong-Wa & Besnard. The taxon occurring on Mauritius, the typical variety, N. broomeana var. broomeana, differs from these two by its much denser indumentum and its wider and larger leaves COTT & GREEN, 1981) (Fig. 1 A).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661907FFE5FFE8FE13D449E5B4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – Noronhia broomeana var. broomeana is the most commonly occurring member of the genus on Mauritius. The largest population occurs on Deux Mamelles Mountain (estimated to comprise 40 - 60 reproductive trees), with scattered individuals found at various wet locations at higher elevations (500 - 600 m). Deforestation and exploitation (trees provided good construction wood; Bouton in MAU [MAU 0014578]), were the main historical threats responsible for the decline of this taxon. Nowadays these factors are negligible (FLORENS, 2013), although a site where N. broomeana var. broomeana is known to have occurred was cleared after 1940 (e. g. Bassin Anglais). There is only one known plant occurring at a lower elevation site (ca. 200 m, Rivulet Beau Bois), suggesting that this taxon was probably more widespread in the past. The “ Extent of Occurrence ” (EOO), calculated on the basis of the historically known populations, is 256 km 2 and the “ Area of Occupancy ” (AOO) is 32 km 2 (calculation following GEOCat version ss, see BACHAM & al., 2011) (Fig. 2 A). However, at least one site (Bassin Anglais) is now destroyed, reducing the AOO by 13 % (28 km 2), although the EOO has not decreased. There has been a reduction in the number of known locations, and therefore, of mature individuals. The total number of reproductive trees of N. broomeana var. broomeana is unknown but it is likely to be less than 150. All known reproductive trees are located on invaded forest sites, which are thus undergoing continuous habitat degradation. Apart from the reduced reproductive fitness, as explained above, the majority of fruits are depredated by alien rats, which is also the case for the other species of Noronhia on Mauritius (CB, pers. obs.). Species regeneration is consequently very low, with only a few seedlings recorded in the site where the majority of reproductive trees occur (PAGE & D’ ARGENT, 1997). Noronhia broomeana var. broomeana should therefore be considered in Mauritius as “ Endangered ” [EN B 1 ab (ii, iii, iv, v); C 2 a (i, ii); D] according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012). In Réunion, two varieties of N. broomeana present on the island were assessed together and have been classified as “ Vulnerable ” [VU C 2 a (i)] (UICN-FRANCE & al., 2010).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661907FFE5FFE8FE13D449E5B4.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. – MAURITIUS. Dist. Pamplemousses: Deux Mamelles, 16. I. 2003, Pynee, d’Argent & Chitbauhaal s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014598]); ibid. loc., 20. V. 2004, Pynee, Wiehe & Sevathian s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014599]). Dist. Plaines Wilhems: Bassin Anglais, s. d., Vaughan V / 583 A (MAU [MAU 0014588]); Garden in Curepipe, 30. V. 1975, Coode [leg. Gerval] 4712 (MAU [MAU 0014596]); Mare Longue, 11. V. 1946, Vaughan 3130 (MAU [MAU 0014590]); Rivulet Bérichon, Henrietta, 24. V. 1974, Owadally s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014594]). Dist. Savanne: Bassin Blanc, 550 m, 25. V. 1976, Richardson, Guého & Lecordier 4165, (K, MAU [MAU 0014597]); Plaine Champagne, 18. I. 1995, d’Argent & V. Florens s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014734]); Rivulet Bois Beau, near Rivière des Anguilles, 25. V. 1964, Duljeet s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014592]); ibid. loc., 193 m, 20 ° 27 ’ 57 ’’ S 57 ° 33 ’ 25 ’’ E, 17. V. 2010, V. Florens & Baider CB 2367 (MAU [MAU 0015022, MAU 0015023, MAU 0015024, MAU 0015025, MAU 0015026]). Sine loc.: s. d., Bouton s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014578]); s. d., Bijoux s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014579, MAU 0014580, MAU 0014581, MAU 0014582, MAU 0014583, MAU 0014584]), s. d., Vaughan 583 (MAU [MAU 0014587]); s. d., s. coll. (MAU [MAU 0014585, MAU 0014586]).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661907FFE5FFE8FEF5D02CE1F7.taxon	discussion	For an identification key to the species, see SCOTT & GREEN (1981: 10).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661907FFE2FCDEFA39D066E225.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MAURITIUS: s. loc., 1859, Bouton s. n. (holo-: K [K 000233207]!).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661907FFE2FCDEFA39D066E225.taxon	discussion	Observations. – Noronhia macrophylla is a rare treelet, known until recently only from the region of Mare aux Vacoas and Perrier. It can be distinguished from the other members of the genus in Mauritius by its white bark with striking black markings, its widely obovate to almost circular leaves (but more elliptic in the population at Mt. Camizard) (Fig. 1 B, 1 C), and its small white odoriferous flowers (SCOTT & GREEN, 1981).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661907FFE2FCDEFA39D066E225.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – The area of Mare aux Vacoas had a “ good population ” of Noronhia macrophylla (G. D’ ARGENT, pers. comm.), implying that it comprises numerous individuals, although no quantitative estimate has been made. The site was deforested in the early 1970 s and almost no native vegetation remains today, except around a few small streams. Perrier, the smallest Nature Reserve of Mauritius (1.44 ha), is surrounded by eucalyptus plantations, and it has been actively managed (weeded and fenced against large hoofed mammals) since early 1960 s. Due to the reserve’s small size, easy access and numerous botanical inventories, it is very unlikely that other individuals will be found at this locality. A population decline of 50 % occurred at Perrier during the last 30 years, from two individuals (VAUGHAN, 1980) to just a single tree that is about 3.5 m tall and has 4 main stems of 2.8 to 3.3 cm diameter. This tree seems healthy, although it grows on the edge of a small stream that crosses the Nature Reserve, and is thus threatened by the normal process of fluvial erosion. Material from this population has been propagated by the Mauritius Forestry Services and is also under cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Recently, a previously unknown population of N. macrophylla was located near Mt. Camizard, where an estimated 80 individuals, including seedlings, occur within a patch of forest that has been weeded and restored by a private company (BCM Mauritius) (Fig. 2 B), which is trying to augment the population on the site, although no ripe fruits have been observed (C. GRIFFITHS, pers. comm.). The historical EOO (40 km 2) and AOO (16 km 2) are small (calculation following GEOCat version ss, see BACHAM & al., 2011). The AOO has been reduced by 50 % since 1970 s, and today is around 8 km 2 (reduction in EOO cannot be calculated since there are only two points). In contrast to the other members of Noronhia on Mauritius, all known plants of N. macrophylla occur within sites where alien plants have been removed. Nonetheless, N. macrophylla should be considered as “ Critically Endangered ” [CR A 1 c; B 2 ab (ii, iii, iv); C 2 a (ii); D] according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012) due to its restricted range, loss of known localities, documented population decline (mainly by deforestation that has now ceased), and small number of reproductive individuals mostly found at a single site (<50 plants;> 99 % of all reproductive plants).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661907FFE2FCDEFA39D066E225.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. – MAURITIUS. Dist. Plaines Wilhems: Mare aux Vacoas, 550 m, 11. XII. 1933, Vaughan 842 (P [P 05090507, P 0509 0508]); ibid. loc., VIII. 1937, Vaughan s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014564]); Perrier, 533 m, 17. II. 1939, Vaughan V / 3176 (MAU [MAU 0014564]); ibid. loc., 4. I. 1948, Vaughan V / 3176 A (MAU [MAU 0014568]); ibid. loc., 12. I. 1963, Vaughan s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014569]); Dist. Grand Port: Vallée de l’Est, 23. II. 2011, Sevathian s. n. (MAU [MAU 0004 821]); Mt. Camizard (aka Vallée de l’Est), 340 m, 20 ° 19 ’ 53 ’’ S 57 ° 43 ’ 31 ’’ E, 21. VI. 2014, V. Florens s. n. (MAU [MAU 0015248]).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661900FFE2FFFBFD8BD427E2EB.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: MAURITIUS: s. loc., 27. II. 1864, Ayres s. n. (holo-: K [K 000233211]!; iso-: GH [GH 00075134] image seen).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661900FFE2FFFBFD8BD427E2EB.taxon	discussion	Observations. – Noronhia obovata is a small treelet (2 - 2.5 m) (Fig. 1 D), exceptionally a medium-sized tree, that can be distinguished by its grayish bark and its very short inflorescences (3 - 8 mm) and fruits (10 - 18 mm) (SCOTT & GREEN, 1981). It is found in drier areas than the two other native species of Noronhia, at sites from 200 to 700 m elevation. In addition to facing the same threats as those described above for N. broomeana var. broomeana, some of the remnant areas of forest where N. obovata occurs are leased for ranching of alien deer in which the understory is regularly cut, browsed and heavily trampled.	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661900FFE2FFFBFD8BD427E2EB.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – Despite having a somewhat larger EOO (491 km 2) than Noronhia broomeana var. broomeana, the AOO of N. obovata is similar (28 km 2; calculation following GEOCat version ss, see BACHAM & al., 2011). Norhonia obovata may no longer occur at some historically known localities such as Chamarel Hill, and only one of those where it is currently known to occur (Brise Fer) has actively weeded vegetation. As a consequence, this species is undergoing continuous habitat degradation, although some individuals occur within a protected area (Corps de Garde Nature Reserve). The largest population is located on Le Pouce, where most of the plants occur outside of the Nature Reserve in the surrounding State Lands, in areas classified as a Mountain Reserve (Fig. 2 C). The other 7 or 8 known localities have few reproductive individuals, hence the total number of reproductive individuals of N. obovata is estimated to be less than 100 plants. This species should therefore be considered as “ Endangered ” [EN B 1 ab (ii, iii, iv); C 1 + 2 a (i)] according to the IUCN Red List Criteria (IUCN, 2012).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
66745A661900FFE2FFFBFD8BD427E2EB.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. – MAURITIUS. Dist. Black River: Chamarel Hill, 19. VI. 1939, Vaughan s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014549]); Brise Fer, IV. 2004, Sevathian s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014562]); Cabinet, 7. III. 1958, Vaughan s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014550]); Mt. Corps de Garde, 29. III. 2001, V. Florens & Sevathian s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014558]); Magenta, 26. VIII. 1984, Wellings s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014557]); Trois Mamelles, 119 m, 20 ° 18 ’ 58 ’’ S 57 ° 26 ’ 49 ’’ E, 31. III. 2011, Pynee, Byng & d’Argent s. n. (MAU [MAU 0002716]); Sine loc., s. d., Bijoux s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014548]). Dist. Grand Port: Mt. Bambou, IX. 2003, Sevathian s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014561]); Mt. Brisé, 200 m, 20 ° 20 ’ 46 ’’ S 57 ° 45 ’ 10 ’’ E, 30. III. 2007, Pynee & Chitbauhaal s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014563]). Dist. Port Louis: Le Pouce, 1. VI. 1969, Guého s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014552]); ibid. loc., 21. V. 1971, Guého s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014555]); ibid. loc., 654 m, 20 ° 12 ’ 01 ’’ S 57 ° 31 ’ 33 ’’ E, 28. VIII. 2008, Pynee, Sevathian, Seepaul & Nabee s. n. (MAU [MAU 0014600]); ibid. loc., 613 m, 20 ° 12 ’ 58 ’’ S 57 ° 31 ’ 49 ’’ E, 29. VII. 2011, Baider & V. Florens CB 2461 (MAU [MAU 0015021]).	en	Hong-Wa, Cynthia, Callmander, Martin W., Baider, Cláudia (2014): Taxonomy and conservation of the genus Noronhia Thouars (Oleaceae) in Mauritius. Candollea 69 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a7
