identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B040D660FFC0FF8F8F35E1E12219AC2A.text	B040D660FFC0FF8F8F35E1E12219AC2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rotheca Raf.	<div><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Rotheca</p> <p>1. Inflorescence developing on old wood early in the season, generally produced on leafless stems before vegetative growth has commenced; corolla tube shorter than the corolla lobes.................................... Rotheca nudiflora</p> <p>1a. Inflorescence developing on young growth during the growing season, at the same time or after the leaves, stems with leaves at time of anthesis; corolla tube many times longer than corolla lobes............................................. 2</p> <p>2. Calyx 2-2.5 cm in length at anthesis.......................................................................................... Rotheca mirabilis</p> <p>2a. Calyx 0.5-1 cm in length at anthesis..................................................................................... Rotheca microphylla</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B040D660FFC0FF8F8F35E1E12219AC2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Callmander, Martin W.;Phillipson, Peter B.;Wearn, James A.;de Kok, Rogier P. J.	Callmander, Martin W., Phillipson, Peter B., Wearn, James A., de Kok, Rogier P. J. (2013): Adieu Adelosa Blume (Lamiaceae): Further observations on Rotheca Raf. for Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 316-320, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v682a18
B040D660FFC0FF8C8F35E7F92260ABB0.text	B040D660FFC0FF8C8F35E7F92260ABB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rotheca microphylla (Blume) Callm. & Phillipson	<div><p>Rotheca microphylla (Blume) Callm. &amp; Phillipson, comb. nova.</p> <p>Ξ Adelosa microphylla Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 176. 1850.</p> <p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Ambongo, croît au bord de la mer, 14.II.1841, fl., Pervillé 626 (holo-: L [L0062225]!; iso-: P [P00091374, P00091375]!, NY [NY00103724] image seen).</p> <p>= Clerodendrum incisum Klotzsch in Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique, Bot. 1: 257. 1861. Ξ Rotheca incisa (Klotzsch) Steane &amp; Mabb. in Novon 8: 205. 1998.</p> <p>Typus: MOZAMBIQUE: Rios de Sena, Querimba &amp; Boror, Peters s.n. (holo-: B; iso-: K [K000192940]!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum macrosiphon Hook f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag.: tab. 6695. 1883. Ξ Clerodendrum incisum var. macrosiphon (Hook. f.) Baker in Fries, Fl. Scan. 5: 307. 1900.</p> <p>Typus: TANZANIA. Zanzibar: Usaramo, Hort. Kew, 19.V.1882, Kirk s.n. (holo-: K [K000607526]!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum lindemuthianum Vatke in Linnea 4: 348. 1896.</p> <p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Vavatobé, II.1880, fl., Hildebrandt 3332 (holo-: B; iso-: BM [BM000923603] image seen, K [K000192958]!; P [P00446638, P00446639]!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum bernieri Briq. in Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 348. 1896.</p> <p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: sur les rochers calcaire de <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.5/lat -12.433333)">Lingvatou</a>, [12°26’S 49°30’E], 1835, fl., Bernier 169 (2 e envoi) (holo-: G [G00366 312]!; iso-: P [P00446637, P02865951, P02865955]!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum pusillum Gürke in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 390. 1901.</p> <p>Typus: TANZANIA. MBEYA DISTR.: Unyika, Nsangamales, s.d., Goetze 1393 (holo-: B), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum incisum var. vinosum Chiov., Fl. Somala 2: 364. 1932.</p> <p>Typus: SOMALIA: Licchitore, 22.VII. 1929, fl., Senni 542 (holo-: FT [FT002833] image seen), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum incisum var. longepedunculatum B. Thomas in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68: 78. 1936. Typus: Kenya: coast opposite Lamu, s.d, Hildebrandt 1911 (holo-: B), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum incisum var. parvifolium Moldenke in Phytologia 3: 407. 1951.</p> <p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Vallée moyenne du Mandrare, prÈs d’Andadabolava, Mont Vohitrosy, 800-850 m, XII. 1933, fl., Humbert 12741 (holo-: P [P00446640]!; iso-: NY [NY001377354] image seen, P [P00446641]!), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum incisum var. afzelii Moldenke in Amer. J. Bot. 38: 325. 1951.</p> <p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Tulear: Manasoa Tanosy, 13.I.1913, fl., Afzelius s.n. (holo-: K [K000607527]!; iso-: NY image seen), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Clerodendrum dalei Moldenke in Phytologia 4: 287. 1953.</p> <p>Typus: KENYA: near Marjoreni, S. Digo, IX. 1937, fl., Dale 3811 (holo-: BR [BR0000008715517] image seen; iso-: EA [EA000001136, EA000001137] images seen, K [K000192876]!, NY [NY00137334] image seen), syn. nov.</p> <p>Observations. – Rotheca microphylla is a highly variable species that occurs throughout much of western, southern and northern Madagascar (Fig. 1), where it is largely confined to the Dry Bioclimatic Region (CORNET,1974), and the western slopes of the central plateau. It is also native to eastern and southern parts of Africa in Angola, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania (including Zanzibar) and Zambia. It occurs in dry forest and woodland, mostly from sea level to about 800 m elevation, but occasionally higher, where it forms a lianescent shrub typically scrambling up to c. 3 m high or more in the under-storey and on the forest margins, but sometimes even higher. It also grows in open areas of degraded forest, bush and secondary anthropogenic grassland, where it tends to develop a low-growing spreading growth-form. It appears to be somewhat tolerant of grazing, trampling and burning and can become locally abundant in disturbed habitats with a somewhat weedy tendency. With its prolific flowers, distinctive erect crochet-like buds, and conspicuous long white corolla tube and spreading lobes (see Fig. 2), it is a decorative plant that has been introduced into cultivation as an ornamental in tropical and sub-tropical gardens in various parts of the world, sometimes marketed in North America as the “Musical-note Plant”.</p> <p>In addition to its variable habit, the diversity in Rotheca microphylla is most marked with respect to leaf shape and size. In Madagascar leaves vary froml anceolate and no more than 25 × 8 mm and almost entire with at most a few shallow marginal teeth, to elliptic and as much as 100 × 50 with coarsely serrate margins. To some extent this variation is also correlated with habitat and locality, the small-leaved specimens occurring in exposed arid places such as Isalo National Park, and the large-leaved specimens from more humid forest locations such as Manongarivo Special Reserve, but floral characteristics appear to be quite constant. In Africa most collections have large leaves, and the marginal teeth tend to be fewer and more deeply incised, but again the floral morphology is not distinguishable from the Malagasy plants. It is tempting to separate the Malagasy and African plants as different species, but after careful examinations of specimen held at G, K, P and MO, we believe that the differences in leaf margins are not clear-cut. In the absence of a better understanding of the causes of the variation, we conclude that it is currently impossible to recognize meaningful separate taxa even at infraspecific rank, and we maintain the existing broad concept of the species.</p> <p>Conservation status. – With an “Extent of Occurrence” (EOO) of 436,663 km 2,anda n“Area of Occupancy” (AOO) of 315 km 2, and 29 known subpopulations, seven of which are within protected areas (Ankarafantsika, Ankarana, Bemaraha, Isalo, Loky Manambato, Manongarivo and Forêt de Mikea). It is thus assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern” [LC].</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B040D660FFC0FF8C8F35E7F92260ABB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Callmander, Martin W.;Phillipson, Peter B.;Wearn, James A.;de Kok, Rogier P. J.	Callmander, Martin W., Phillipson, Peter B., Wearn, James A., de Kok, Rogier P. J. (2013): Adieu Adelosa Blume (Lamiaceae): Further observations on Rotheca Raf. for Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 316-320, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v682a18
B040D660FFC3FF8C8C7EE76B2543AF7E.text	B040D660FFC3FF8C8C7EE76B2543AF7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rotheca mirabilis (Baker) Callm. & Phillipson	<div><p>Rotheca mirabilis (Baker) Callm. &amp; Phillipson, comb. nova.</p> <p>Ξ Clerodendrum mirabile Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 513. 1887.</p> <p>Typus: MADAGASCAR: Central, s.d., fl., Baron 4755 (holo-: K [K000192959]!; iso-: BM [BM000923602] image seen, NY [NY00137366] image seen, P [P00446657]!).</p> <p>Observations. – The type collection has no indication of origin other than “Central Madagascar ”, but in the Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (MOLDENKE, 1956), a second collection was cited for the species – Baron 6889 (K [K0006 07528]), collected at “Ankavandra” a small town in the Manambolo River valley in the Menabe Region of Toliara Province. The discovery of a third specimen, Du Puy MB733 (MO-3846948, P [P00075324]), collected recently and with precise locality just 40 km SW of Ankavandra, helps to confirm the species as a likely highly-restricted endemic, possibly confined to the area just to the east of the Bemaraha protected area (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Conservation status. –With only three collections known (AOO of 27 km 2), two of which dating back to acentury and only one recent, all of them falling outside the Protected Area network, Rotheca mirabilis can be assessed as “Critically Endangered” [CR 2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)] following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012) (calculation following CALLMANDER &amp; al., 2007).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B040D660FFC3FF8C8C7EE76B2543AF7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Callmander, Martin W.;Phillipson, Peter B.;Wearn, James A.;de Kok, Rogier P. J.	Callmander, Martin W., Phillipson, Peter B., Wearn, James A., de Kok, Rogier P. J. (2013): Adieu Adelosa Blume (Lamiaceae): Further observations on Rotheca Raf. for Madagascar. Candollea 68 (2): 316-320, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v682a18
