taxonID	type	description	language	source
D55587CDFFD62221E812FA1F45C9FDC4.taxon	description	Fig. 1).	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD62221E812FA1F45C9FDC4.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: INDIA: Kerala, Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 27. IX. 2011, Pramod CU 126793 A (holo-: G; iso-: MH).	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD62221E812FA1F45C9FDC4.taxon	diagnosis	Closelyallied to P. delphinifolia, but can easilybe distinguished by itsless or non-segmented leaves, calyx with 2 mm long tube and up to 4 mm long divergent lobes, shorter (<1.2 cm) campanulate corolla tube and the capsules being obovoid and much exceeding the calyx tube.	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD62221E812FA1F45C9FDC4.taxon	description	Erect annual herb, to 50 cm high. Stem stiff, terete at base, sulcate and tetragonous above, seldom branched, glabrous, slightly purplish; internodes 5 - 10 mm long. Leaves opposite, 1 - 4 cm long; lower leaves usually with 3 linear segments or rarely 5 - segmented or entire; upper leaves entire, slightly purplish, margins entire, midrib depressed, strigose on margins, glabrous on both the surfaces; segments 1 mm broad, filiform, terminal segment longer than laterals; leaves reduced towards apex. Flowers axillary, solitary, 1 0.7 - 1 cm; pedicels up to 1 - 2 mm long. Bracteoles 2, linear, 2 - 2.5 × 0.25 mm, slightly purplish, glabrous, tip acute. Calyx 6 mm long; lobes 5, unequal, tube 2 - 2.5 mm long, green, 10 - ribbed; lobes linear, to 4 mm long, acute to acuminate at apex, slightly purplish, margins minutely strigose or glabrous, glabrous on both surfaces, persistent in fruits. Corolla campanulate, pale pink or mauve, often with deep pink blotches, 1 × 0.7 - 1 cm, tube to 7 mm long, narrow (1 - 1.5 mm) up to 2 - 3 mm of tube, then expanding; lobes 5, subequal, subrotund, ca. 3 × 4 mm, minutely puberulous with gland tipped hairs, glabrous within. Stamens 4, unequal, filaments attached below the middle of corolla tube, deep pink, glabrous, 2 longer (5 mm), 2 shorter (3 mm), arched, attached above longer stamens. Anthers 2, pendent from the apex of the filament, one perfect, oblong, shortly apiculate, 1.5 - 2 mm long, dehiscence from base, the other empty and spur-like, 1.5 - 2 mm long, cuspidate. Ovary ellipsoid, 1 × 0.5 mm, green, glabrous; cells 2, placentation axile, ovules many. Style simple, 6 mm long, pale pink, glabrous; stigma globose, glabrous. Capsules obovoid, 2.5 × 4 mm, purplish green, much exceeding the calyx tube, emarginate at apex, apiculate with withered style, glabrous; fruiting calyx to 7 mm long, lobes 4 - 5 mm, tubes 2 - 3 mm long, purplish. Seeds many, oblong, 0.5 mm long, brownish, glabrous, testa cells narrow, walls almost parallel, secondary testa cells absent or ill-developed, cell walls almost smooth. Phenology. – Flowering and fruiting in June to October.	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD62221E812FA1F45C9FDC4.taxon	materials_examined	Specimina visa. – INDIA. Kerala: Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 11. IX. 2009, Pramod CU 123592 (CALI); Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 20. VIII. 2010, Pramod CU 126555 (CALI); Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 1. VIII. 2010, Pramod CU 126510 (CALI); Kannur, Parassinikkadavu, 200 m, 29. IX. 1982, R. Ansari 73940 (MH); Kannur, 25. VII. 1988, E. Jayakumar CU 2152 (CALI); Kannur, Cheemeni, 8. X. 1990, C. T. Indu CU 4098 (CALI); Kannur, Thalipparamba, 30. XII. 1988, P. P. Sudhirkumar CU 2886 (CALI).	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD62221E812FA1F45C9FDC4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – The species is named in honor of Hans-Peter Hofmann (Germany), who together with Eberhard Fischer (Germany) have made great contribution to the taxonomy of Sopubia and erected Parasopubia.	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD62221E812FA1F45C9FDC4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat. – Parasopubia hofmannii grows in the crevices of hard laterite and also on the surrounding shallow soiled areas (Fig. 2 A), along with species such as Lepidagathis keralensis Madhu. & Singh, Cyanotis burmanniana Wight, Indigofera trifoliata L., Geissaspistenella Benth., Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC., Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. and Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult.	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD62221E812FA1F45C9FDC4.taxon	discussion	Taxonomical notes. – Parasopubia hofmannii (Fig. 1 A) differs from the one Indian species P. delphinifolia in its stouter habit with less branching, leaves with fewer segments (Fig. 2 B-C), shorter campanulate flowers (Fig. 2 D-E), obovate capsules with fruiting calyx tube reaching only up to the middle, and also by seeds with narrow testa cells and almost parallel and smooth walls, where secondary testa cells are absent or ill-developed (Fig. 2 F-G; Fig. 3 A-D). Being stouter, it is similar to the other Asian P. bonatii, but differs in having long-linear calyx lobes against the short and triangular calyx lobes in P. bonatii.	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD32221E801FD2040A2FB80.taxon	description	(Fig. 4, 5).	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD32221E801FD2040A2FB80.taxon	materials_examined	Typus: INDIA. Kerala: Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 1. VIII. 2010, Pramod CU 126522 (holo-: G; iso-: MH, CALI).	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD32221E801FD2040A2FB80.taxon	diagnosis	Closely allied to P. hofmannii var. hofmannii, but can easily be distinguished by its elegant white corolla, plant parts without purplish tinge and seeds with distinctly polygonal testacellswithsecondary cellsand slightlyrugose walls.	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD32221E801FD2040A2FB80.taxon	description	Erect annual herb, to 50 cm high. Stem stiff, terete at base, tetragonous and sulcate above, upwards with erecto-pendent branches, diameter 3 mm at base, glabrous, green; internodes 5 - 20 mm long. Leaves opposite, 1 - 6 cm long, lower leaves 3 - linear segmented, upper leaves entire; margins entire, midrib depressed, strigose on margins, glabrous on both surfaces; segments 0.5 mm broad, filiform, green, terminal segments as long as lateral segments or longer; leaves reduced towards apex. Flowers axillary, solitary, 1 - 1.5 × 0.8 - 1.1 cm; pedicels up to 3 mm long. Bracteoles 2, linear / subulate, 0.5 × 2 - 6 mm, strigose on margins, glabrous on both surfaces, tip acute. Calyx 6 mm long, green; lobes 5, unequal, tube 2 mm long, 10 - ribbed, glabrous; lobes linear-lanceolate, 2 - 4 mm long, acute, margins strigose, glabrous on both surfaces, green, persistent in fruits. Corolla campanulate, 1 - 1.2 × 0.7 - 1 cm, white, corolla tube narrow (1 mm) up to 2 mm of length of the tube, then expanding, lobes 5, suborbicular, 5 × 4 mm, minutely puberulous outside, glabrous within. Stamens 4, unequal, filaments attached below the middle of the corolla tube, white, glabrous, 2 longer (5 mm), 2 shorter (3 mm), arched, attached above longer stamens. Anthers 2, pendant from the apex of filament, all almost at same level, one perfect, oblong, shortly apiculate, 1.5 - 2 mm long, white, dehiscence from base, cuspidate; sterile anther lanceolate, 1.5 - 2 mm long, cuspidate. Ovary ellipsoid, 1.5 × 1 mm, green, glabrous, cells 2, placentation axile; ovules many. Style simple, 6 mm long, hyaline, glabrous; stigma subglobose, hyaline, glabrous. Capsules obovoid, 4 - 5 3 - 3.5 mm, green, much exceeding the calyx tube, emarginate at apex, apiculate with withered style, glabrous; fruiting calyx to 8 mm long, lobes 5 - 6 mm long, tube 2 - 3 mm long, green. Seeds many, oblong, 0.75 mm long, brownish, glabrous, testa cells polygonal, broad, secondary cells well developed with oblique walls, cell walls slightly rugose. Phenology. – Flowering and fruiting in June to October.	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD32221E801FD2040A2FB80.taxon	materials_examined	Specimina visa. – INDIA. Kerala: Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 11. IX. 2009, Pramod CU 123591 (CALI); Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 20. VIII. 2010, Pramod CU 126554 (CALI); Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 25. VII. 2011, Pramod CU 126690 (CALI); Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 1. VIII. 2010, Pramod CU 126507 (CALI); Kannur, Madayippara, 36 m, 12 º 01.792 ’ N 75 º 15.246 ’ E, 1. VIII. 2010, Pramod CU 126505 (CALI). Tamil Nadu: Madurai, Thandigudi, 1400 m, 22. X. 1977, M. Chandrabose 51625 (MH).	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
D55587CDFFD32221E801FD2040A2FB80.taxon	discussion	Taxonomical notes. – Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora is distinct in having elite white corolla and dark green plant parts against the purple corolla and purplish green plant parts of var. hofmannii (Fig. 2 E; Fig. 5 B). The interpretation of the SEM images of seeds can also lend further support for the establishment of the new variety. In var. hofmannii, the testa cells are very narrow with smooth walls and without or ill-developed secondary ridges (Fig. 3 C-D). In var. albiflora, the testa cells are polygonal with slightly rugose walls and well developed secondary walls (Fig. 3 E-F).	en	Pradeep, Ayilliath K., Pramod, Choorakkay (2013): Parasopubia hofmannii Pradeep & Pramod and Parasopubia hofmannii var. albiflora Pradeep & Pramod (Orobanchaceae), two new taxa from India. Candollea 68 (1): 115-122, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a16
