taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BE87FBFFAAB506BF37FEA69CC22D95.taxon	materials_examined	Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Reg. SAVA, Remnant forest c. 1.5 km W of Cap Est, 15 ° 16 ’ 26 ” S 50 ° 27 ’ 27 ” E, 30 m, 23. I. 1999, fl., Schatz et al. 3786 (G [G 00418686]!; iso-: MO [MO- 2163813], P [P 04570980] image seen, TAN, S!).	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFAAB506BF37FEA69CC22D95.taxon	diagnosis	Capurodendron schatzii L. Gaut. & Naciri differs from C. antongiliense Aubrév. by its flat leaf blades (vs bullate), its 8 - 10 pairs of secondary veins merely proeminent below (vs 12 - 16, strongly raised below), presence of intersecondaries, 6 mm long staminodes (vs 3 mm) and 3 mm long anthers (vs 2 mm).	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFAAB506BF37FEA69CC22D95.taxon	description	Tree, 15 - 20 m tall, 45 cm DBH, with white latex; ultimate twigs 8 mm in diam., brown-villous and rugose, with numerous scars of fallen leaves and pedicels, with red slash. Leaves coriaceous and persistent, alternate, spirally arranged at the end of the shoots; petiole 25 - 30 × 2.2 - 2.8 mm, rusty pubescent; blade ovate to obovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse to rounded, 12 - 20 × 4.8 - 9.5 cm, upper side glossy dark green when fresh, drying brown-grey, glabrous except for the brownish-pubescent midrib; lower side lighter green when fresh, drying rusty brown, glabrous except for midrib and secondaries; primary vein prominent below, level above, rusty-brown pubescent; 8 - 10 pairs of brochidodromous secondaries, ascending with an angle of c. 70 °, and arching, forking at ¾ of the distance to margin and anastomosing with previous and following secondaries; intersecondaries present; tertiary venation laxly reticulate. Flowers clustered below the leaves; flowering pedicels 12 × 1.2 mm, densely brown-villous. Sepals 5, quincuncial, broader then long, apex obtuse; the two outer ones 9 × 12 mm, convex, glabrous inside and densely brown-villous outside, the three inner ones 8 × 8 mm, slightly keeled, glabrous inside and densely brown-villous outside except for a glabrous 1 mm margin, ciliolate on the edge. Corolla gamopetalous with 5 lobes, glabrous, tube 3.8 mm long, lobes lanceolate, 7.0 × 2.3 mm, contorted in bud, spreading at anthesis. Stamens 5, filaments 2.2 mm long, attached to the top of the corolla tube; anthers pair medifixed, extrorse to latrorse, 3.0 × 1.4 mm at the broadest, connective prolonged in a short 0.3 mm mucro. Staminodes 5, alternate with respect to petals and stamens, 6 × 1.5 mm, densely villous with golden trichomes, carnose, connivent and concealing the ovary. Ovary 5 - lobed, 2.0 mm high x 3.5 mm broad, densely hirsute with brownish trichomes, with 5 ovules, style 10 - 11 mm long, 0.6 mm diameter, glabrous, slightly 5 - fluted, stigma faintly 5 - lobed. Fruiting pedicels 20 - 25 × 1.8 mm, densely brown-villous, with a persistent calyx. Fruit at immature stage ovoid, 20 - 25 × 10 - 13 mm, mostly glabrous but with a pubescent apex with a 1.5 - 2 mm persistent style base; apparently only one seed develops.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFAAB506BF37FEA69CC22D95.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – This species is dedicated to George Schatz from the Missouri Botanical Garden who collected the type specimen, in acknowledgement of his tremendous dedication to the knowledge of the flora of Madagascar.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFAAB506BF37FEA69CC22D95.taxon	distribution	Distribution, ecology and phenology. – Capurodendron schatzii is only known from two collections in the Eastern part of the Masoala Peninsula, region SAVA, Madagascar (Fig. 3), in the Eastern Phytogeographic Domain (HUMBERT, 1955). It is a medium to large tree growing in primary lowland moist evergreen forest and in the littoral forest. The flowering specimen was collected in January and the fruiting one in September.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFAAB506BF37FEA69CC22D95.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – With only two locations known and an AOO of 8 km 2, one outside of the protected area network in a locality where the Lowland Evergreen Forest has been widely converted to agriculture, the other in the Masoala National Park in which forest has been widely damaged by hurricanes Hudah (2000) and Ihary (2002) and where we were not able to recover the species after the damage, C. schatzii is assigned a preliminary IUCN conservation status of “ Critically Endangered ” [CR B 1 ab (i, ii, iii) + 2 ab (i, ii, iii)].	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFAAB506BF37FEA69CC22D95.taxon	discussion	Notes. – Within the large-leaved species of Capurodendron inhabiting the lowland rainforests of the Eastern Domain, C. schatzii is clearly vegetatively distinct from C. antongiliense by its leaf blades that are not bullate, by its less-numerous brochidodromous secondary veins, with intersecondaries, and its reticulate tertiary venation (vs distinctly oblique). It also differs by its larger flowers. Both species share however the same rufous pubescence on nerves, pedicels and calyx. Compared with C. apollonioides Aubrév., the new species has much thicker terminal twigs, and its leaf blades have less numerous secondaries and have intersecondaries. Its flowers are also much larger. Capurodendron pseudoterminalia Aubrév. is a species only known by its type collection. Although its leaves may look similar to the ones of the new species, they are not coriaceous, and its flowers are much smaller and borne on long and delicate pedicels.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFAAB506BF37FEA69CC22D95.taxon	materials_examined	Paratypus. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Reg. SAVA, presqu’île Masoala, Fiv. Antalaha, Fir. Ambohitralanana, aux env. de Sahafary, à 12 km env. à l’W d’Ambohitralanana et Cap-Est, 15 ° 17 ’ S 50 ° 22 ’ E, 10. IX. 1997, fr., Randrianaivo & Bernard 123 (G, MO, P, TAN).	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFA8B503BF37FC519D0E2D7B.taxon	materials_examined	Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Reg. DIANA, Sadjoavato, forêt de Sahafary, 12 ° 36 ’ 26 ” S 49 ° 26 ’ 43 ” E, 280 m, 8. I. 2007, fl. & fr., Ratovoson et al. 1217 (G [G 00418681]!; iso-: CNARP, MO [MO- 2108542], P [P 04568840]!, TAN).	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFA8B503BF37FC519D0E2D7B.taxon	diagnosis	Capurodendron sahafariense L. Gaut. & Naciri shares a 5 - ridged fruit with C. costatum Aubrév. from which it markedly differs by its much smaller leaves (6 - 25 × 2 - 7 vs 50 × 30 mm). Its venation pattern is similar to C. ludiifolium Aubrév. which also has much larger leaves. Its leaves are similar in size to that of C. androyense Aubrév. from which it differs by its winged fruits and its venation pattern.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFA8B503BF37FC519D0E2D7B.taxon	description	Shrub 2 m to small tree 10 (- 15) m tall, with white latex and creviced bark; ultimate twigs 1 - 1.5 mm in diam., greyish glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, caducous, spirally arranged at the tip of short 1.5 - 6.0 mm lateral branches (brachyblasts) with scars of fallen leaves and protuberances resulting from swollen stem below leaf insertion; blade 0.6 - 2.5 × 0.2 - 0.7 cm, obovate to narrowly obovate, brownish and clearly discolorous when dry with upper side darker, glabrous except for a few minute (0.2 - 0.3 mm) golden trichomes at base; apex obtuse to rounded, to retuse; base narrowly cuneate, indistinctly passing to a short petiole (max. 1.5 mm long, 0.8 mm in diam.); venation inconspicuous when fresh, especially on upper side, raised on both sides on dry specimens, reticulate, secondaries 3 - 4 on each side, almost indistinct from tertiaries, ascending at an angle of c. 20 ° from primary nerve, looping near margin. Flowers grouped in clusters of 1 - 6 among the leaves or on leafless brachyblasts; flowering pedicels 1.5 - 3.5 × 0.5 mm, densely golden-villous. Sepals 5, quincuncial, glabrous inside, densely golden-villous outside, circular to ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, 2.4 - 3.0 × 2.4 mm, the three inner ones slightly keeled. Corolla gamopetalous with 5 lobes, glabrous, tube 1.8 mm long, lobes broadly lanceolate, 3.0 × 1.2 mm, contorted in bud, spreading at anthesis, cream-coloured when fresh. Stamens 5, filaments attached to the top of the corolla tube, the free part 0.9 mm long. Anthers pair medifixed, extrorse, 1.0 × 0.7 mm, villous, connective broad, prolonged above anthers in a triangular glabrous apex 0.9 mm long, 0.45 mm at base. Staminodes 5, alternate with respect to petals and stamens, 2.5 × 1.0 mm, densely villous with golden trichomes, carnose, connivent and concealing the ovary, spreading at apex. Ovary spherical but tapering towards style base, 1.2 mm high and broad, slightly 5 - lobed, villous with golden trichomes, with 5 ovules; style 5 mm long, glabrous, 0.2 mm in diam. Fruiting pedicels 3.5 × 1.1 mm, glabrescent, with a persistent calyx. Fruit ovoid and slightly beaked, 18 - 20 × 10 - 11 mm, 5 - ridged, mostly glabrous but with a pubescent base; apparently only one seed develops.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFA8B503BF37FC519D0E2D7B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – The epithet is derived from the name of the forest where the majority of the specimens, including the type, have been collected.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFA8B503BF37FC519D0E2D7B.taxon	distribution	Distribution, ecology and phenology. – The species is only known from the dense dry deciduous forest on sands, in Sahafary and its SE vicinity (Fig. 3), in the northern part of the Western Phytogeographical Domain (HUMBERT, 1955). The flowering and fruiting collections were gathered between November and February.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFA8B503BF37FC519D0E2D7B.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – The Sahafary forest has an area of c. 12 km 2, and is well-known for being home of a range of narrow endemics, including another Sapotaceae species, Manilkara sahafariensis Aubrév. It is very unfortunate that this forest has not been included in the recent extension of Madagascar protected area network, as it is under threat of being converted to agricultural land. Under these conditions and with an EOO of 41 km 2 and an AOO of 16 km 2, C. sahafariense is assigned a preliminary IUCN conservation status of “ Critically Endangered ” [CR B 1 ab (i, ii, iii)].	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFA8B503BF37FC519D0E2D7B.taxon	discussion	Notes. – Capurodendron sahafariense has the remarkable feature of having a ridged fruit. In the genus, the only other species with ridged fruits is C. costatum, which has also leaves on brachyblasts, but with blades 2.5 times longer and 5 times broader, and which is only found in the western part of the island, from Bemaraha to Ankarafantsika, i. e. more than 450 km south-west from the Sahafary forest where the new species has been discovered. The two species might be related, but this still has to be confirmed by an undergoing molecular study. The venation pattern in C. sahafariense reminds C. ludiifolium, which has unridged fruits and larger leaves.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFA8B503BF37FC519D0E2D7B.taxon	materials_examined	Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Reg. DIANA, forêt d’Analafondro, au pied SE du plateau de Sahafary (bassin inférieur du Rodo), 27. XII. 1963, fl., Service Forestier 23087 (G, P, TEF); ibid. loco, 7. II. 1966, fl., Service Forestier 24517 (G, P, TEF); forêt de Sahafary (bassin de la Saharenena), 7. II. 1966, fl., Service Forestier 24487 (G, P, TEF); Ambolobozobe, Ambovomavo, à 1 km W du village d’Ambolobozobe, 12 ° 31 ’ 13 ” S 49 ° 31 ’ 21 ” E, 24. XI. 2007, fl., Rakotonandrasana 1207 (CNARP, G, MO, P, TAN).	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFADB50DBF2EFC0F999728E2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: Reg. Androy, près du village d’Ankorakosy, au SSE de Tsihombe, 17. XII. 1968, fl., Service Forestier 28521 (G [G 00418688]!; iso-: P [P 04570991]!).	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFADB50DBF2EFC0F999728E2.taxon	diagnosis	Capurodendron nanophyllum L. Gaut. & Naciri differs from C. androyense Aubrév. by its longer and more slender pedicels (4 - 5 × 0.3 mm vs 1 - 5 × 0.5 mm) that are sparsely whiteciliate vs densely golden-pubescent. Vegetatively, the leaves of C. nanophyllum are narrower (1.5 - 2.3 mm vs 4 - 11 mm) and have an inconspicuous venation (vs distinctly reticulate); they are almost sessile (vs with a distinct 2 - 3 mm petiole).	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFADB50DBF2EFC0F999728E2.taxon	description	Shrub, height unknown, presumably with white latex; ultimate twigs 1 mm diameter, bark grey, rugose, longitudinally ridged, with short (2 to 4 mm long) lateral branches with numerous scars of fallen leaves and pedicels (brachyblasts). Leaves presumabely caducous, 2 to 10 spirally arranged at the tip of the brachyblasts, sessile or indistinctly petiolate; blades spathulate, base acute, apex rounded, 0.45 - 0.9 × 0.15 - 0.23 cm; upper side glossy, olive green to brownish when dry, loosely pubescent when young, later glabrous, venation indistinct or shallowly impressed; lower side dull, greyish green when dry, loosely pubescent, venation inconspicuous, with 1 - 3 very weak secondaries on each side. Flowers at the apex of brachyblasts, among the leaves; flowering pedicels slender, 4 - 5 × 0.3 mm, broadening to 0.6 mm below the flower, with scattered malpighiaceous white trichomes 0.3 mm long. Sepals 5, quincuncial, convex, ovate, 2.6 × 1.2 mm with an acute apex; glabrous inside and densely white-ciliate outside. Corolla gamopetalous with 5 lobes, glabrous, tube 2.0 mm long, lobes broadly lanceolate, 2.5 × 0.9 mm, contorted in bud, spreading at anthesis. Stamens 5, filaments 0.8 - 1.0 mm long, attached to the top of the corolla tube. Anthers attached to the filament at 1 / 3 of their length, extrorse 1.2 × 0.7 mm at the broadest, connective and adjacent side of the anthers villous, prolonged in a 0.2 mm acute mucro. Staminodes 5, alternate with respect to petals and stamens, broadly lanceolate and long-acuminate, 2.0 × 0.8 mm, densely villous with creamy trichomes, connivent and concealing the ovary. Ovary shallowly 5 - lobed, 1.4 mm high × 0.9 mm broad, glabrous to minutely papillose, with 5 ovules, style 5 mm long, glabrous, 0.18 mm diameter, stigma faintly 5 - lobed. Fruit unknown.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFADB50DBF2EFC0F999728E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. – The epithet refers to the very small leaves, the smallest in the genus.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFADB50DBF2EFC0F999728E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution, ecology and phenology. – The species is only known from a single collection in the xerophilous thicket in the extreme South of the island, in the Southwestern Phytogeographical Domain (HUMBERT, 1955). The flowering collection was gathered in December.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFADB50DBF2EFC0F999728E2.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – With a single location known outside of the protected area network in a region where the xerophilous bush has been widely converted to agriculture and is subject to fire damage, C. nanophyllum is assigned a preliminary IUCN conservation status of “ Critically Endangered ” [CR B 1 ab (iii) + B 2 ab (iii)]. It should be further mentioned that recent attempts to collect the new species have failed, but this can be attributed to imprecise location of the type collection.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
03BE87FBFFADB50DBF2EFC0F999728E2.taxon	discussion	Notes. – Capurodendron nanophyllum has the smallest leaves in the genus and represents the most extreme adaptation of this humid forest group to arid habitats. It is only known by its type collection near Tsihombe, one of the driest parts in Madagascar, within the wide range of the relatively variable C. androyense. Although the latter may have leaves almost as small as those of the new species, they are never as narrow. The difference in venation is also striking with veins inconspicuous in C. nanophyllum whereas they are clearly visible on C. androyense. In the latter species, veins are conspicuous, especially on the lower side where they are highlighted by a dense golden indumentum, whereas the new species has scattered whitish trichomes only. Besides, C. androyense leaves are petiolate whereas C. nanophyllum leaves are sessile. Furthermore, the flowers of the new species are borne on distinctly longer and more slender pedicels.	en	Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama (2018): Three Critically Endangered new species of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73 (1): 121-129, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a13
